Implementation Of Image Enhancement Algorithm.
"I confess that I have read thi s report and for my opinion I think this report is sufficed in
parti al fulfillme nt o f requireme nts for the Bachelo r Degree o f Electronic Engineering
(C omputer Engineerin g).··
Signature
Supervised by
Dale
ᄋ セ@
: MR. NURULFAJAR BIN ABO MANAP
セ@
iLt
Mセ@ , 2(){)&
IMPLEMENTATION OF IMAGE ENHA NCEMENT ALGORITHM
AHMAD YUSRI BIN Y AACOB
Thi s Report Is Submitted In Partial Fulfillme nt of Requirements fo r the Bachelo r
Degree of Electro ni c Eng ineering (Computer Eng ineering)
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik Dan Kejuruteraan Ko mpute r
Ko lej Uni versiti Teknikal Kebangsaan M alaysia
April 2006
II
"I confess this repo rt is all my own work except the certain passage that 1 have clarifi ed
each of their sources."
Signature
Prepared by
Date
Ill
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I want to thank God. He blesses me with stre ngth and wi ll to fini sh
thi s project until the very end so I can fini sh my project. I want to say thank you to my
supervisor, Mr. NurulFajar Bin Abd Manap that has contribute much in my projec t.
Thank you for supporting me in material , ideas and suggestion. Thank you to all of my
fri e nds th at always supporting me, understand the pressure and helping me fini sh my
projec t. To my dad and mom a nd my family, they always support me and given me an
advi se whe n I need it most. And lastly to an ybody who contribute in these projec t
lecturers, persons and everyone involve direct or indirectly in thi s project. Thank you.
iv
ABSTRACT
Thi s project is developing an implementatio n of image e nha ncement algorithm.
B y impleme ntati o n of image e nhancement algorithm, improved image could be
obtained easil y and insta ntly. The refore image ed iting is not necessary. Thi s p roject is
appli ed o n static image taken by a low cost camera. The image wi ll be processed to
produce an e nhan ced image. The e nh anced image the n is displ ayed at the compute r.
The main subject to thi s project is the image e nh ance me nt algorithm that is developed
using programmin g la ngu age C++. From thi s algorithm , the complete syste m is
combined using a low cost came ra. C++ progra mming language and a personal
computer. Upon the success thi s p roj ect will bring muc h benefit especially to the image
industry and photography.
v
ABSTRAK
Projek ini bertujuan me mbina implementasi algoritma penambahbaikan imej .
Dengan implementasi a lgoritma penambahbaikan imej , imej yang baik boleh diperole hi
dengan mudah dan serta merta. Oleh itu, imcj tidak perlu di edit semula. Projek ini
menggunakan imej pegun yang diambil da ri kamera kos rendah. Imej yang diambil
tersebut diproses untuk me nghasi lkan imej yang lebih baik. lmej yang telah diproses itu
ke mudi annya dipaparkan di skrin ko mpute r. Perkara uta ma di dalam projek ini ialah
a lgoritma penambahbaikan imej yang diha ilkan
menggun akan pengaturcaraan C++.
D aripada algoritma ini , sistem yang lengkap akan dihasilkan menggu nakan gabungan
kamera kos re nda h, pe ngaturcaraan C++ da n komputer persendiri an. Kejayaan projek
ini pasti akan memberi banyak faedah ke pada indus tri pe ngimejan dan dalam bidang
fotografi.
VI
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE
PAGE
PROJECT TITLE
1
CERTIFICATION
II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Ill
ABSTRACT
IV
ABSTRAK
v
CONTENTS
vi
LIST OFTABLES
VIII
LIST OF FIGURES
ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
xii
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Objecti ves
II
1.2 Scope of Wo rk
2
1.3 Problems Stateme nt
3
1.4 Thesis Outline
4
LITERATURE REVIEW
2. 1 Image Processing
2. I . I Examples of Fi elds that use Di gital Image
6
7
Processing
2.1.2 Fundamental teps in Di gi tal I mage Processing
2.2 Image Enhancement
II
15
2.2.1 Spatial Do main Methods
15
2.2.2 Frequency Domain Methods
16
VII
2.3 Di gital Histogram
2 .3. 1 The General Idea of Histogram
19
2.3.2 Photo Hi stogram and Exposure
21
2.3.3 Photo Histograms and Contrast
22
2.4 Histogram Equali zati on
III
29
3. 1.1 Step 1 & 2: Camera to Image
30
3. 1.2 Step 3: Image to Pi xels Representation
32
3. 1.3 Step 4: Process of Image E nhancement
33
3. 1.4 Step 5: Enh anced Im age
39
3. 1.5 Step 6: Display Image
40
PROJECT FIN DINGS
4. J Results
v
23
PROJECT METHODOLOGY
3. 1 Bl ock Diagram
IV
19
41
4. J. I Human
42
4. 1.2 Objects
43
4. 1.3 Portrait
45
4. 1.4 Scenery
46
CONCLUSIONS
5. 1 Discuss ions
48
5.2 Suggestions
49
5.3Conc lu sions
so
REFERRENCES
51
APPEN DIX
53
parti al fulfillme nt o f requireme nts for the Bachelo r Degree o f Electronic Engineering
(C omputer Engineerin g).··
Signature
Supervised by
Dale
ᄋ セ@
: MR. NURULFAJAR BIN ABO MANAP
セ@
iLt
Mセ@ , 2(){)&
IMPLEMENTATION OF IMAGE ENHA NCEMENT ALGORITHM
AHMAD YUSRI BIN Y AACOB
Thi s Report Is Submitted In Partial Fulfillme nt of Requirements fo r the Bachelo r
Degree of Electro ni c Eng ineering (Computer Eng ineering)
Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektronik Dan Kejuruteraan Ko mpute r
Ko lej Uni versiti Teknikal Kebangsaan M alaysia
April 2006
II
"I confess this repo rt is all my own work except the certain passage that 1 have clarifi ed
each of their sources."
Signature
Prepared by
Date
Ill
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I want to thank God. He blesses me with stre ngth and wi ll to fini sh
thi s project until the very end so I can fini sh my project. I want to say thank you to my
supervisor, Mr. NurulFajar Bin Abd Manap that has contribute much in my projec t.
Thank you for supporting me in material , ideas and suggestion. Thank you to all of my
fri e nds th at always supporting me, understand the pressure and helping me fini sh my
projec t. To my dad and mom a nd my family, they always support me and given me an
advi se whe n I need it most. And lastly to an ybody who contribute in these projec t
lecturers, persons and everyone involve direct or indirectly in thi s project. Thank you.
iv
ABSTRACT
Thi s project is developing an implementatio n of image e nha ncement algorithm.
B y impleme ntati o n of image e nhancement algorithm, improved image could be
obtained easil y and insta ntly. The refore image ed iting is not necessary. Thi s p roject is
appli ed o n static image taken by a low cost camera. The image wi ll be processed to
produce an e nhan ced image. The e nh anced image the n is displ ayed at the compute r.
The main subject to thi s project is the image e nh ance me nt algorithm that is developed
using programmin g la ngu age C++. From thi s algorithm , the complete syste m is
combined using a low cost came ra. C++ progra mming language and a personal
computer. Upon the success thi s p roj ect will bring muc h benefit especially to the image
industry and photography.
v
ABSTRAK
Projek ini bertujuan me mbina implementasi algoritma penambahbaikan imej .
Dengan implementasi a lgoritma penambahbaikan imej , imej yang baik boleh diperole hi
dengan mudah dan serta merta. Oleh itu, imcj tidak perlu di edit semula. Projek ini
menggunakan imej pegun yang diambil da ri kamera kos rendah. Imej yang diambil
tersebut diproses untuk me nghasi lkan imej yang lebih baik. lmej yang telah diproses itu
ke mudi annya dipaparkan di skrin ko mpute r. Perkara uta ma di dalam projek ini ialah
a lgoritma penambahbaikan imej yang diha ilkan
menggun akan pengaturcaraan C++.
D aripada algoritma ini , sistem yang lengkap akan dihasilkan menggu nakan gabungan
kamera kos re nda h, pe ngaturcaraan C++ da n komputer persendiri an. Kejayaan projek
ini pasti akan memberi banyak faedah ke pada indus tri pe ngimejan dan dalam bidang
fotografi.
VI
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE
PAGE
PROJECT TITLE
1
CERTIFICATION
II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Ill
ABSTRACT
IV
ABSTRAK
v
CONTENTS
vi
LIST OFTABLES
VIII
LIST OF FIGURES
ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
xii
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Objecti ves
II
1.2 Scope of Wo rk
2
1.3 Problems Stateme nt
3
1.4 Thesis Outline
4
LITERATURE REVIEW
2. 1 Image Processing
2. I . I Examples of Fi elds that use Di gital Image
6
7
Processing
2.1.2 Fundamental teps in Di gi tal I mage Processing
2.2 Image Enhancement
II
15
2.2.1 Spatial Do main Methods
15
2.2.2 Frequency Domain Methods
16
VII
2.3 Di gital Histogram
2 .3. 1 The General Idea of Histogram
19
2.3.2 Photo Hi stogram and Exposure
21
2.3.3 Photo Histograms and Contrast
22
2.4 Histogram Equali zati on
III
29
3. 1.1 Step 1 & 2: Camera to Image
30
3. 1.2 Step 3: Image to Pi xels Representation
32
3. 1.3 Step 4: Process of Image E nhancement
33
3. 1.4 Step 5: Enh anced Im age
39
3. 1.5 Step 6: Display Image
40
PROJECT FIN DINGS
4. J Results
v
23
PROJECT METHODOLOGY
3. 1 Bl ock Diagram
IV
19
41
4. J. I Human
42
4. 1.2 Objects
43
4. 1.3 Portrait
45
4. 1.4 Scenery
46
CONCLUSIONS
5. 1 Discuss ions
48
5.2 Suggestions
49
5.3Conc lu sions
so
REFERRENCES
51
APPEN DIX
53