TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES IN ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN NOVEL “THE HUNGER GAMES” BY SUZZANE COLLINS.
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES IN ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN
NOVEL “THE HUNGER GAMES” BY SUZZANE COLLINS
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By :
DARA YULLYANTI
REG NUMBER : 2123220008
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Yullyanti, Dara. 2123220008. Translation Techniques in English into
Indonesian Novel “The Hunger Games” by Suzzane Collins. A Thesis. English
and Literature Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University
of Medan. 2016
This study aims to find out the translation techniques and the dominant one used
by the translator in translating the novel. It used the theory of Vinay and
Darbelnet, which are borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition,
modultion, equivalence and adaptation. In analyzing the data, the research was
conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from
English novel entitled “The Hunger Games” by Suzzane Collins and its
translation in Indonesian version translated by Hetih Rusli. The result of
modulation with frequency 128 items (43.84%) belongs to the dominant technique
that applied in the novel, followed by transposition with frequency 89 items
(30.48%), literal translation with frequency 40 items (13.70%), equivalence with
frequency 18 items (6.16%), borrowing with frequency 10 items (3.42%) and
adaptation with frequency 7 items (2.40%)
Keywords : Translation Techniques, The Hunger Games, Novel.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to thanks to Allah SWT and the Prophet
Muhammad SAW for the blessings during her academic year at English and
Literature Department Faculty of Languages and Arts (FBS) State University of
Medan in completing the thesis. The writer is also very grateful to the following
people:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Arts (FBS) State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, the Head of English and Literature
Department as well as Dra. Meisuri, M.A, the Secretary of English and
Literature Department for their encouragement and motivation during the
writing of the thesis. Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum, the Head of English
Literature Study Program and Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum,
the Head of English Education Program for their encouragement to
complete the thesis.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd, the Administration Staff of English Department,
who much helped her to fulfill this thesis.
Drs. Lidiman Sahat M. Sinaga, M.Hum, her Consultant, who had
already motivated her to finish the thesis by giving advices, supervising,
giving comments and corrections during completing this thesis and also
for Isli Iriani Indah Pane, S.Pd., M.Hum, as her Consultant and
Academic Advisor for giving advices and supervising during her academic
years.
All the Lecturers of English and Literature Department, during her
academic years at State University of Medan, especially for Ariatna, who
have taught and given knowledges to her encouragement and invaluable
advices to complete this thesis.
ii
Her beloved parents, Ngumput and Ningsih, who have patiently given her
encouragement, financial support, their endless love and their prayers, as
well as her beloved sister and brothers, Dinda and Danu,who have been
good siblings all the time.
Her beloved bestfriends since senior high school, Intan, Fahmi and Iqbal,
who have given support and spirit since the first time they met and build a
friendship.
Her beloved friends Rika, Naya, Geby, Andika, and Irma, who have
given extraordinary spirit and consolation for her whether in a good or bad
time.
many advices and motivations in finishing this thesis.
who have given support and spirit.
and Zhana for sharing happines and togethernes.
Her beloved sisters Sri Lestari, Swidanti and Isma, who have given so
Her sisters and brothers in HMJ BSI UNIMED and Floating Library,
Her One Step Closer mate, Anggi, Nurul, Tere, Yeslika, Sisil, Fariza
Her all beloved friends and classmates in English Literature 2012,
especially for Farida, Ana, Nina, Nuzulianda and Anjas for the support
and time in motivating and accompanying her during the academic years.
Medan, August 2016
The writer
Dara Yullyanti
Reg. No. 2123220008
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. iv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ....................................................................................... 1
B. The Problems of the Study ..................................................................................... 5
C. The Objectives of the Study ................................................................................... 6
D. The Scope of the Study .......................................................................................... 6
E. The Significance of the Study ................................................................................ 6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................... 8
A. Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................... 8
1. Translation ..................................................................................................... 8
2. Process of Translation ................................................................................... 10
3. Translation Techniques ................................................................................. 12
4. Novel............................................................................................................ 19
5. Brief Summary of the Novel “The Hunger Games” ...................................... 19
6. Suzzane Collins ............................................................................................ 22
B. Relevant Studies .................................................................................................. 24
C. Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................ 26
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ........................................................ 28
A. Research Design .................................................................................................. 28
B. The Source of the Data ........................................................................................ 28
C. TheTechnique of Collecting Data......................................................................... 29
iv
D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ....................................................................... 29
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS .............. 31
A. The Data.............................................................................................................. 31
B. Data Analysis ...................................................................................................... 31
C. Research Findings................................................................................................ 38
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................... 39
A. Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 39
B. Suggestions ......................................................................................................... 39
REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 41
APPENDIX ...................................................................................................... 43
v
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
The Background of the Study
In this world, there are so many languages that are used by people to
communicate with others. Language is the system of words or signs that people
use to express thoughts and feelings to each other. Every ethnic group has their
own language. And every language has their own uniqueness whether it is from its
sounds, words and the sentences. And from that, it can be concluded that every
language is different. Today is an era where communication and information
move so fast. People can easily communicate with another people in different
country by using the internet. But, it is often found that there are so many
miscommunications happen because of the language differences used among the
speakers. In order to fix the miscommunications, “translation” plays the important
role here.
Translation is one branch of applied linguistics as part of the activities in
communication among people with different languages. Translation is used by the
people to find out the meaning of one language or source language into another
different language or target language. Newmark (1988:7) states that translation is
a means of communication. And as a means of communication, translation is used
for multilingual notices; for instructions issued by exporting companies; for
tourist publicity; for official documents, such as treaties and contracts; for reports,
1
2
papers, articles, correspondence, textbooks to convey information, advice and
recommendations for every branch of knowledge. So, it can not be denied that
translation plays an important role in communication.
In addition,
Hatim and Munday (2004: 6) define translation as “the
process of transferring a written text from source language (SL) to target language
(TL)”. In this definition, they do not explicitly express that the object being
transferred is meaning or message. Otherwise, Hatim and Munda more emphasize
to the exact form of both of languages which are going to be translated.
Beside playing an important role in communictation, translation is also
needed in literary work such as drama, poetry and prose. For example, there are so
many translated novels that usually can be found in every bookstores.
This thesis analyzed the translation techniques between the translation of
English novel into bahasa Indonesia. Related to the issue of translation
techniques, Molina and Albir (2002:509) in their article in Meta Translators’
Journal, vol. 47 entitled “Translation Techniques Revisited: A Dynamic and
Functionalist Approach” define translation techniques as procedures to analyze
and classify how translation equivalence works. They have five basic
characteristics:
1. They affect the result of the translation
2. They are classified by comparison with the original
3. They affect micro-units of text
4. They are by nature discursive and contextual
3
5. They are functional
Obviously, translation techniques are not the only categories available to
analyze a translated text. Coherence, cohesion, thematic progression and
contextual dimensions also intervene in the analysis.
Fadaee (2011) in his article in Journal English and Literature vol. 2(8)
entitled “Translation techniques of figures of speech: A case study of George
Orwell’s 1984 and Animal Farm” stated that translating figures of speech deals
with finding secondary meaning in the source language (SL), and finding cultural
meaning and appropriate equivalence in the target language (TL). Figures of
speech and multi-word expressions are some of the most challenging translation
difficulties. In this journal, translation techniques of figures of speech in George
Orwell's 1984 and Animal Farm and their Persian translations were compared on
the basis of Newmark’s and Larson’s theories of translation.
Qurrota (2013) in her article in Journal of English Language Teaching vol.
2(2) entitled “Translation Techniques of the Complex Sentences in Bilingual
Textbook Biology 1 For Senior High School Year X Published by Yudhistira”
found that literal translation is dominantly used by the translator in order to make
the sentences are
easily understood by the students because there were no
deviated meaning in the text.
In addition, Sari, Refnaldi and Ardi (2013) in their article in English and
Literature E-journal entitled “Translation Techniques and Translation Accuracy of
English Translated Text of Tourism Brochure in Tanah Datar Regency” found
4
that the translation technique that is dominantly used is literal translation because
the researchers concluded that the translator wants to make tourists easily
understand the brochure with using that technique dominantly.
Lestinayawati, Hartono and Sofwan (2014) in their article in English
Education Journal vol. 4(2) entitled “Translation Techniques Used by Students in
Translating English News Items” also found that literal translation is dominantly
used by the students as a technique in translating the source text with the highest
used technique in which 149 of 225 sentences applied the technique.
Based on some previous studies above, the writer is attracted to conduct
further study about translation techniques in the literary work. The literary work
chosen by the writer that has been analyzed is a novel entitled The Hunger Games
(2008). The Hunger Games is an English novel written by Suzzane Collins. The
story is about the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who lives in
the dystopian, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North American. The Capitol,
a highly advanced metropolis,exercises political control over the rest of the
nation. The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl
aged 12–18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected
by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death.
Here are some sentences that contain some tranlations techniques that are
found in the novel after reading it at a glance:
Transposition:
ST: “Pretty dress,” says Gale.
5
TT: “Gaun yang cantik,” kata Gale.
From the sentence above, there is a change of structure in the text. The
adjective word “pretty” in ST put in the beginning of the sentence, but in TT, the
adjective word “cantik” put in the ending of the sentence.
Equivalence:
ST: R-i-i-i-p! I grit my teeth as Venia,...
TT: BRETTTTT! Aku merapatkan gigi ketika Venia,...
Here, the translator uses equivalence technique as he/she translates the
word “R-i-i-i-p!” becomes “BRETTTTT”.
Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in studying
translation techniques in English into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”.
Besides to get a deep understanding about translation techniques, this study is also
challenging to be researched.
B.
The Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study some problems are formulted as the
following:
1. What are the translation techniques applied in the English into
Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”?
6
2. What is the dominant translation technique applied in the English
into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”?
C.
The Objectives of the Study
Related to the problem of the study, the objectives of the study are:
1. To find out the translation techniques that applied in the English
into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”?
2. To find out the dominant of translation technique applied in the
English into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”?
D.
The Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is limited to the translation techniques applied in
the novel “The Hunger Games” by Suzzane Collins and its translation into bahasa
Indonesia with the same title by Hetih Rusli. It consists of 27 chapters in the both
original and its tranlation novel “The Hunger Games”. This analysis was based on
the theory of translation techniques proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1977). They
propose seven techniques in doing a translation from Source Language to Target
Language. Those are literal translation, borrowing, calque, tranposition, modulation,
equivalence, and adaption.
E.
The Significances of the Study
The findings of this study are expected to be useful and relevant to:
1. The students of English Department who are learning translation as
guidence to analyze the techniques of translation in the texts.
7
2. The other researcher to use the findings as his/her reference in related
subject.
3. Readers who want to enrich their knowledge and get more
understanding and information about translation techniques.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions
Having analyzed the data, it is concluded that:
1. There are only six translation techniques, namely borrowing, literal
translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation. Not
all the types of translation techniques applied in the novel “The
Hunger Games”
2. Modulation belongs to the dominant technique in the novel “The
Hunger Games” with frequency 128 items (43.84%), followed by
transposition with frequency 89 items (30.48%), literal translation with
frequency 40 items (13.70%), equivalence with frequency 18 items
(6.16%), borrowing with frequency 10 items (3.42%) and adaptation
with frequency 7 items (2.40%).
B. Suggestions
In relation to the discussion, it is suggested that:
1. Theoretically
40
41
The findings of translation techniques in the novel “The Hunger
Games” should encourage the readers in studying more about
translation techniques.
2. Practically for
English teacher, students and researchers who are interested in the
issue and then motivated to get more information and knowledge about
translation technique and also can be addition and comparison to the
theories related to translation techniques.
REFERENCES
Ary, Donald, Jacobs Lecy Cheser., & Razavieh, Asghar. 2002. Introduction To
Research In Education. Belmont: Wadsworth.
Fadaee, Elaheh. 2011. Translation techniques of figures of speech: A case study
of George Orwell's "1984 and Animal Farm". Journal English and
Literature, 2(8), pp. 174-181.
Hatim, Basil. 2001. Teaching and Researching Translation. Edinburgh: Pearson
Education Limited.
Jeremia, Denny. 2014. Translation Technique in Iphone 3GS Guide into Bahasa
Indonesia. Medan: USU
Lestinayawati, Hartono & Sofwan, Ahmad. 2014. Translation Techniques Used
by Students in Translating English News Items. English Education Journal
vol. 4(2).Semarang: Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Molina, Lucia., & Albir, Hurtado. 2002. Translation Techniques Revisited: A
Dynamic and Functionalist Approach: Meta Translators’ Journal, vol. 47.
Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.
Munday, Jeremy., & Hatim, Basil. 2004. Translation: An Advanced Resource
Book. London: Routledge.
Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies. London: Routledge.
Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall
International.
Nida. 1969. Toward a Science of Translating with Special Reference to Principles
and Procedures Involved in Bible Translating. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Qurrota, Ikma. 2013. Translation Techniques of the Complex Sentences in
Bilingual Textbook Biology 1 For Senior High School Year X Published by
Yudhistira. Journal of English Language Teaching vol. 2(2). Semarang:
Universits Negeri Semarang
Sari, Refnaldi & Ardi, Ilham. 2013. Translation Techniques and Translation
Accuracy of English Translated Text of Tourism Brochure in Tanah Datar
Regency. English and Literature E-journal.
Simatupang, Maurits. 2000. Pengantar Teori Terjemahan. Jakarta: Universitas
Indonesia.
42
43
Sugiyono. 2011. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif
dan R&D). Bandung: Alfabeta
Venutti, Lawrence. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge.
Vinay and Darbelnet. 1977. Stylistique comparee du francais et de l’anglais.
Paris: Georgetown University Press.
NOVEL “THE HUNGER GAMES” BY SUZZANE COLLINS
A THESIS
Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By :
DARA YULLYANTI
REG NUMBER : 2123220008
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Yullyanti, Dara. 2123220008. Translation Techniques in English into
Indonesian Novel “The Hunger Games” by Suzzane Collins. A Thesis. English
and Literature Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University
of Medan. 2016
This study aims to find out the translation techniques and the dominant one used
by the translator in translating the novel. It used the theory of Vinay and
Darbelnet, which are borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition,
modultion, equivalence and adaptation. In analyzing the data, the research was
conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken from
English novel entitled “The Hunger Games” by Suzzane Collins and its
translation in Indonesian version translated by Hetih Rusli. The result of
modulation with frequency 128 items (43.84%) belongs to the dominant technique
that applied in the novel, followed by transposition with frequency 89 items
(30.48%), literal translation with frequency 40 items (13.70%), equivalence with
frequency 18 items (6.16%), borrowing with frequency 10 items (3.42%) and
adaptation with frequency 7 items (2.40%)
Keywords : Translation Techniques, The Hunger Games, Novel.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to thanks to Allah SWT and the Prophet
Muhammad SAW for the blessings during her academic year at English and
Literature Department Faculty of Languages and Arts (FBS) State University of
Medan in completing the thesis. The writer is also very grateful to the following
people:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Arts (FBS) State University of Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, the Head of English and Literature
Department as well as Dra. Meisuri, M.A, the Secretary of English and
Literature Department for their encouragement and motivation during the
writing of the thesis. Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum, the Head of English
Literature Study Program and Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum,
the Head of English Education Program for their encouragement to
complete the thesis.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd, the Administration Staff of English Department,
who much helped her to fulfill this thesis.
Drs. Lidiman Sahat M. Sinaga, M.Hum, her Consultant, who had
already motivated her to finish the thesis by giving advices, supervising,
giving comments and corrections during completing this thesis and also
for Isli Iriani Indah Pane, S.Pd., M.Hum, as her Consultant and
Academic Advisor for giving advices and supervising during her academic
years.
All the Lecturers of English and Literature Department, during her
academic years at State University of Medan, especially for Ariatna, who
have taught and given knowledges to her encouragement and invaluable
advices to complete this thesis.
ii
Her beloved parents, Ngumput and Ningsih, who have patiently given her
encouragement, financial support, their endless love and their prayers, as
well as her beloved sister and brothers, Dinda and Danu,who have been
good siblings all the time.
Her beloved bestfriends since senior high school, Intan, Fahmi and Iqbal,
who have given support and spirit since the first time they met and build a
friendship.
Her beloved friends Rika, Naya, Geby, Andika, and Irma, who have
given extraordinary spirit and consolation for her whether in a good or bad
time.
many advices and motivations in finishing this thesis.
who have given support and spirit.
and Zhana for sharing happines and togethernes.
Her beloved sisters Sri Lestari, Swidanti and Isma, who have given so
Her sisters and brothers in HMJ BSI UNIMED and Floating Library,
Her One Step Closer mate, Anggi, Nurul, Tere, Yeslika, Sisil, Fariza
Her all beloved friends and classmates in English Literature 2012,
especially for Farida, Ana, Nina, Nuzulianda and Anjas for the support
and time in motivating and accompanying her during the academic years.
Medan, August 2016
The writer
Dara Yullyanti
Reg. No. 2123220008
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. iv
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ....................................................................................... 1
B. The Problems of the Study ..................................................................................... 5
C. The Objectives of the Study ................................................................................... 6
D. The Scope of the Study .......................................................................................... 6
E. The Significance of the Study ................................................................................ 6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................... 8
A. Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................... 8
1. Translation ..................................................................................................... 8
2. Process of Translation ................................................................................... 10
3. Translation Techniques ................................................................................. 12
4. Novel............................................................................................................ 19
5. Brief Summary of the Novel “The Hunger Games” ...................................... 19
6. Suzzane Collins ............................................................................................ 22
B. Relevant Studies .................................................................................................. 24
C. Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................ 26
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ........................................................ 28
A. Research Design .................................................................................................. 28
B. The Source of the Data ........................................................................................ 28
C. TheTechnique of Collecting Data......................................................................... 29
iv
D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ....................................................................... 29
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS .............. 31
A. The Data.............................................................................................................. 31
B. Data Analysis ...................................................................................................... 31
C. Research Findings................................................................................................ 38
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................... 39
A. Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 39
B. Suggestions ......................................................................................................... 39
REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 41
APPENDIX ...................................................................................................... 43
v
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
The Background of the Study
In this world, there are so many languages that are used by people to
communicate with others. Language is the system of words or signs that people
use to express thoughts and feelings to each other. Every ethnic group has their
own language. And every language has their own uniqueness whether it is from its
sounds, words and the sentences. And from that, it can be concluded that every
language is different. Today is an era where communication and information
move so fast. People can easily communicate with another people in different
country by using the internet. But, it is often found that there are so many
miscommunications happen because of the language differences used among the
speakers. In order to fix the miscommunications, “translation” plays the important
role here.
Translation is one branch of applied linguistics as part of the activities in
communication among people with different languages. Translation is used by the
people to find out the meaning of one language or source language into another
different language or target language. Newmark (1988:7) states that translation is
a means of communication. And as a means of communication, translation is used
for multilingual notices; for instructions issued by exporting companies; for
tourist publicity; for official documents, such as treaties and contracts; for reports,
1
2
papers, articles, correspondence, textbooks to convey information, advice and
recommendations for every branch of knowledge. So, it can not be denied that
translation plays an important role in communication.
In addition,
Hatim and Munday (2004: 6) define translation as “the
process of transferring a written text from source language (SL) to target language
(TL)”. In this definition, they do not explicitly express that the object being
transferred is meaning or message. Otherwise, Hatim and Munda more emphasize
to the exact form of both of languages which are going to be translated.
Beside playing an important role in communictation, translation is also
needed in literary work such as drama, poetry and prose. For example, there are so
many translated novels that usually can be found in every bookstores.
This thesis analyzed the translation techniques between the translation of
English novel into bahasa Indonesia. Related to the issue of translation
techniques, Molina and Albir (2002:509) in their article in Meta Translators’
Journal, vol. 47 entitled “Translation Techniques Revisited: A Dynamic and
Functionalist Approach” define translation techniques as procedures to analyze
and classify how translation equivalence works. They have five basic
characteristics:
1. They affect the result of the translation
2. They are classified by comparison with the original
3. They affect micro-units of text
4. They are by nature discursive and contextual
3
5. They are functional
Obviously, translation techniques are not the only categories available to
analyze a translated text. Coherence, cohesion, thematic progression and
contextual dimensions also intervene in the analysis.
Fadaee (2011) in his article in Journal English and Literature vol. 2(8)
entitled “Translation techniques of figures of speech: A case study of George
Orwell’s 1984 and Animal Farm” stated that translating figures of speech deals
with finding secondary meaning in the source language (SL), and finding cultural
meaning and appropriate equivalence in the target language (TL). Figures of
speech and multi-word expressions are some of the most challenging translation
difficulties. In this journal, translation techniques of figures of speech in George
Orwell's 1984 and Animal Farm and their Persian translations were compared on
the basis of Newmark’s and Larson’s theories of translation.
Qurrota (2013) in her article in Journal of English Language Teaching vol.
2(2) entitled “Translation Techniques of the Complex Sentences in Bilingual
Textbook Biology 1 For Senior High School Year X Published by Yudhistira”
found that literal translation is dominantly used by the translator in order to make
the sentences are
easily understood by the students because there were no
deviated meaning in the text.
In addition, Sari, Refnaldi and Ardi (2013) in their article in English and
Literature E-journal entitled “Translation Techniques and Translation Accuracy of
English Translated Text of Tourism Brochure in Tanah Datar Regency” found
4
that the translation technique that is dominantly used is literal translation because
the researchers concluded that the translator wants to make tourists easily
understand the brochure with using that technique dominantly.
Lestinayawati, Hartono and Sofwan (2014) in their article in English
Education Journal vol. 4(2) entitled “Translation Techniques Used by Students in
Translating English News Items” also found that literal translation is dominantly
used by the students as a technique in translating the source text with the highest
used technique in which 149 of 225 sentences applied the technique.
Based on some previous studies above, the writer is attracted to conduct
further study about translation techniques in the literary work. The literary work
chosen by the writer that has been analyzed is a novel entitled The Hunger Games
(2008). The Hunger Games is an English novel written by Suzzane Collins. The
story is about the voice of 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, who lives in
the dystopian, post-apocalyptic nation of Panem in North American. The Capitol,
a highly advanced metropolis,exercises political control over the rest of the
nation. The Hunger Games is an annual event in which one boy and one girl
aged 12–18 from each of the twelve districts surrounding the Capitol are selected
by lottery to compete in a televised battle to the death.
Here are some sentences that contain some tranlations techniques that are
found in the novel after reading it at a glance:
Transposition:
ST: “Pretty dress,” says Gale.
5
TT: “Gaun yang cantik,” kata Gale.
From the sentence above, there is a change of structure in the text. The
adjective word “pretty” in ST put in the beginning of the sentence, but in TT, the
adjective word “cantik” put in the ending of the sentence.
Equivalence:
ST: R-i-i-i-p! I grit my teeth as Venia,...
TT: BRETTTTT! Aku merapatkan gigi ketika Venia,...
Here, the translator uses equivalence technique as he/she translates the
word “R-i-i-i-p!” becomes “BRETTTTT”.
Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in studying
translation techniques in English into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”.
Besides to get a deep understanding about translation techniques, this study is also
challenging to be researched.
B.
The Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study some problems are formulted as the
following:
1. What are the translation techniques applied in the English into
Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”?
6
2. What is the dominant translation technique applied in the English
into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”?
C.
The Objectives of the Study
Related to the problem of the study, the objectives of the study are:
1. To find out the translation techniques that applied in the English
into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”?
2. To find out the dominant of translation technique applied in the
English into Indonesian novel “The Hunger Games”?
D.
The Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is limited to the translation techniques applied in
the novel “The Hunger Games” by Suzzane Collins and its translation into bahasa
Indonesia with the same title by Hetih Rusli. It consists of 27 chapters in the both
original and its tranlation novel “The Hunger Games”. This analysis was based on
the theory of translation techniques proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1977). They
propose seven techniques in doing a translation from Source Language to Target
Language. Those are literal translation, borrowing, calque, tranposition, modulation,
equivalence, and adaption.
E.
The Significances of the Study
The findings of this study are expected to be useful and relevant to:
1. The students of English Department who are learning translation as
guidence to analyze the techniques of translation in the texts.
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2. The other researcher to use the findings as his/her reference in related
subject.
3. Readers who want to enrich their knowledge and get more
understanding and information about translation techniques.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions
Having analyzed the data, it is concluded that:
1. There are only six translation techniques, namely borrowing, literal
translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation. Not
all the types of translation techniques applied in the novel “The
Hunger Games”
2. Modulation belongs to the dominant technique in the novel “The
Hunger Games” with frequency 128 items (43.84%), followed by
transposition with frequency 89 items (30.48%), literal translation with
frequency 40 items (13.70%), equivalence with frequency 18 items
(6.16%), borrowing with frequency 10 items (3.42%) and adaptation
with frequency 7 items (2.40%).
B. Suggestions
In relation to the discussion, it is suggested that:
1. Theoretically
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The findings of translation techniques in the novel “The Hunger
Games” should encourage the readers in studying more about
translation techniques.
2. Practically for
English teacher, students and researchers who are interested in the
issue and then motivated to get more information and knowledge about
translation technique and also can be addition and comparison to the
theories related to translation techniques.
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