LEARNING STRATEGIES USED TO DEVELOP ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL: A CASE STUDY OF TO HIGHER ACHIEVERS Learning Strategies Used To Develop English Speaking Skill: A Case Study Of To Higher Achievers At Stikes ‘Aisyiyah Surakarta.
LEARNING STRATEGIES USED TO DEVELOP ENGLISH SPEAKING
SKILL: A CASE STUDY OF TO HIGHER ACHIEVERS
AT STIKES ‘AISYIYAH SURAKARTA
THESIS
Presented to Fulfill the Requirements to Achieve the Magister Degree in
English Language Teaching Study
By
YULIANTI ERFINAH
NIM: S200070042
MAGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDY
UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF SURAKARTA
2012
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MOTTO
Good counsel is never out of date.
Be in the world as though you were a stranger or a wayfarer [it was
related by Al Bukhori] (Hadith 40).
A kind word with forgiveness is better than alms giving followed by
injury. Allah Absolute, Clement (QS. Al-Baqoroh: 263).
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DEDICATION
This thesis, in particular, is dedicated for:
1. Her beloved husband (Iwan Widodo Budi Laksono S.Pd)
2. Her beloved father in memory (H. Suwardi Effendi Lc.) and beloved
mother (Hj. Maria Ulfah)
3. Her step-father (H. HC. Soeparno, ZA)
4. Her beloved sister (Naila FaizahM.Ed, S.ST) and (Fitriana Ika Dewi)
5. Her beloved parents in law (Sucipto S.Pd and Rubi)
6. Her beloved son (Irfan Wafiq) and daughter (Aliya Alma Sabrina)
7. Her beloved grandfather and grandmother
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PRONOUNCEMENT
By this pronouncement, I state that I myself write the thesis entitled
“LEARNING STRATEGIES USED TO DEVELOP ENGLISH SPEAKING
SKILL: A CASE STUDY OF TO HIGHER ACHIEVERS AT STIKES
„AISYIYAH SURAKARTA”. I absolutely state that this thesis is not a plagiarism
or is made by someone else. The other works related to this thesis have been
written in the form of quotation. The sources of the thesis have been listed in
bibliography. If next this thesis can be proved as a plagiarism, the certificate and
the academic can be cancelled to be given.
Surakarta, 5 May 2012
Yulianti Erfinah
S200070042
viii
ix
SUMMARY
Yulianti Erfinah. S.200070042. LEARNING STRATEGIES USED TO
DEVELOP ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL: A CASE STUDY OF TO
HIGHER ACHIEVERS AT STIKES ‘AISYIYAH SURAKARTA. A Thesis.
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2012.
This study belongs to learning strategies used by the higher achievers
of stikes „aisyiyah Surakarta to develop speaking skill. It is aimed to describe the
learning strategies used to develop English speaking skill: a case study of to
higher achievers at stikes „aisyiyah Surakarta. Learning strategies to develop
English speaking skill divided into four aspects. The aspects are fluency,
pronunciation, vocabulary repertoire, and grammar knowledge.
This research is conducted by analyzing the data by employing the
concept of Miles, Huberman and Spradley. The type of this study is case study.
The subject of this study is a student of higher achievers at stikes „aisyiyah
Surakarta. The writer uses interview and observation to collect the data.
The result of analysis shows that there are four aspects, that is: (1) The
learning strategies used to develop fluency there are metacognitive strategy that is
organizational planning, cognitive strategy that is rehearsal, and social/ affective
strategy that is self-talk. (2) The learning strategies used to develop pronunciation
there is cognitive strategy that included note taking and rehearsal. (3) The learning
strategies used to develop vocabulary repertoire there is cognitive strategy that
included translation and note taking. (4) The learning strategies used to develop
grammatical knowledge there are metacognitive strategy that is organizational
planning and cognitive strategy there are note taking and translation.
Keywords: Learning Strategy, Speaking skill, higher achievers
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrohmaanirrohiim
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatu
Praise be to Allah SWT, who gives the writer guidance and blessing so the writer
is able to finish her research paper entitled “LEARNING STRATEGIES USED
TO DEVELOP ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL: A CASE STUDY OF TO
HIGHER ACHIEVERS AT STIKES „AISYIYAH SURAKARTA”
The writer realizes that the research is impossible to be finished without the
help of other people, so in this opportunity she would like to express her special
and deepest gratitude and appreciate to:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M.Hum. The director of Graduate Program
of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum. The Head of Graduate Program of the English
Department for giving the approval and permission to conduct this research
paper.
3. Prof. Kumaidi, Ph.D. The first consultant, who gives very helpful guidance for
the writer‟s research.
4. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum. The second consultant, who gives guidance and
criticisms during the study conducted.
5. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum. Thanks for being a good examiner in order
to make the research paper better.
6. The entire lecturer of English Department who has given knowledge.
7. Her beloved mother, father, and husband who have given her pray attention,
and motivation.
To those mentioned above, the writer can only say „thanks so much‟
hopefully, Allah gives blessing for all of them. The writer realizes that the research
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xi
is far from being perfect. Any criticism to important her paper is welcome. Finally,
the writer still hopes that this research paper can contribute to useful re ading for
the esteem readers.
Wassalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatu
Surakarta, 5 May 2012
The writer
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................... i
NOTE OF CONSULTANT .......................................................................... ii
APPROVAL .................................................................................................. iv
ACCEPTANCE ……………………………………………………………… v
MOTTO ........................................................................................................ vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vii
PRONOUNCEMENT ………………………………………………………...viii
SUMMARY ................................................................................................... ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................. x
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ............................................. 1
B. Focus of the Study........................................................ 5
C. Research Questions ..................................................... 6
D. Objective of the Study ................................................ 6
E. Benefit of the Study ..................................................... 7
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Study ............................................................ 8
B. Theoretical Review ..................................................... 9
1. Learning Strategies .............................................. 9
1.1. Notion of Learning Strategies ........................ 9
1.2. Rubin’s Concept ............................................ 10
1.3. O’ Malley’s Concept ...................................... 15
1.4. Stern’s Concept ............................................. 18
1.5. Oxford’s Concept ........................................... 20
2. Speaking Skill .......................................................... 20
2.1. Notion of Speaking …………………………...20
2.2. Speaking Sub Skill ……………………………21
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODS
A. Type of Research ........................................................ 23
B. Subject of Research ..................................................... 23
C. Object of Research ..................................................... 24
D. Data and Data Source ................................................ 24
E. Method of Collecting Data ......................................... 24
F. Technique for Analyzing Data ................................... 25
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Finding ......................................................... 28
1. Learning Strategies used to develop Fluency……...28
2. Learning Strategies used to develop Pronunciation.30
3. Learning strategies used to develop Vocabulary
Repertoire ……………………………………………32
4. Learning Strategies used to develop Grammar
Knowledge ……………………………………………33
B. Discussion ................................................................... 34
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .................................................................. 38
B. Suggestion .................................................................. 38
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................
REFERENCES ............................................................................................
APPENDIXES ..............................................................................................
xiii
SKILL: A CASE STUDY OF TO HIGHER ACHIEVERS
AT STIKES ‘AISYIYAH SURAKARTA
THESIS
Presented to Fulfill the Requirements to Achieve the Magister Degree in
English Language Teaching Study
By
YULIANTI ERFINAH
NIM: S200070042
MAGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDY
UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF SURAKARTA
2012
i
ii
ii
iii
iii
iv
iv
v
v
vi
MOTTO
Good counsel is never out of date.
Be in the world as though you were a stranger or a wayfarer [it was
related by Al Bukhori] (Hadith 40).
A kind word with forgiveness is better than alms giving followed by
injury. Allah Absolute, Clement (QS. Al-Baqoroh: 263).
vi
vii
DEDICATION
This thesis, in particular, is dedicated for:
1. Her beloved husband (Iwan Widodo Budi Laksono S.Pd)
2. Her beloved father in memory (H. Suwardi Effendi Lc.) and beloved
mother (Hj. Maria Ulfah)
3. Her step-father (H. HC. Soeparno, ZA)
4. Her beloved sister (Naila FaizahM.Ed, S.ST) and (Fitriana Ika Dewi)
5. Her beloved parents in law (Sucipto S.Pd and Rubi)
6. Her beloved son (Irfan Wafiq) and daughter (Aliya Alma Sabrina)
7. Her beloved grandfather and grandmother
vii
viii
PRONOUNCEMENT
By this pronouncement, I state that I myself write the thesis entitled
“LEARNING STRATEGIES USED TO DEVELOP ENGLISH SPEAKING
SKILL: A CASE STUDY OF TO HIGHER ACHIEVERS AT STIKES
„AISYIYAH SURAKARTA”. I absolutely state that this thesis is not a plagiarism
or is made by someone else. The other works related to this thesis have been
written in the form of quotation. The sources of the thesis have been listed in
bibliography. If next this thesis can be proved as a plagiarism, the certificate and
the academic can be cancelled to be given.
Surakarta, 5 May 2012
Yulianti Erfinah
S200070042
viii
ix
SUMMARY
Yulianti Erfinah. S.200070042. LEARNING STRATEGIES USED TO
DEVELOP ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL: A CASE STUDY OF TO
HIGHER ACHIEVERS AT STIKES ‘AISYIYAH SURAKARTA. A Thesis.
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2012.
This study belongs to learning strategies used by the higher achievers
of stikes „aisyiyah Surakarta to develop speaking skill. It is aimed to describe the
learning strategies used to develop English speaking skill: a case study of to
higher achievers at stikes „aisyiyah Surakarta. Learning strategies to develop
English speaking skill divided into four aspects. The aspects are fluency,
pronunciation, vocabulary repertoire, and grammar knowledge.
This research is conducted by analyzing the data by employing the
concept of Miles, Huberman and Spradley. The type of this study is case study.
The subject of this study is a student of higher achievers at stikes „aisyiyah
Surakarta. The writer uses interview and observation to collect the data.
The result of analysis shows that there are four aspects, that is: (1) The
learning strategies used to develop fluency there are metacognitive strategy that is
organizational planning, cognitive strategy that is rehearsal, and social/ affective
strategy that is self-talk. (2) The learning strategies used to develop pronunciation
there is cognitive strategy that included note taking and rehearsal. (3) The learning
strategies used to develop vocabulary repertoire there is cognitive strategy that
included translation and note taking. (4) The learning strategies used to develop
grammatical knowledge there are metacognitive strategy that is organizational
planning and cognitive strategy there are note taking and translation.
Keywords: Learning Strategy, Speaking skill, higher achievers
ix
x
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrohmaanirrohiim
Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatu
Praise be to Allah SWT, who gives the writer guidance and blessing so the writer
is able to finish her research paper entitled “LEARNING STRATEGIES USED
TO DEVELOP ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL: A CASE STUDY OF TO
HIGHER ACHIEVERS AT STIKES „AISYIYAH SURAKARTA”
The writer realizes that the research is impossible to be finished without the
help of other people, so in this opportunity she would like to express her special
and deepest gratitude and appreciate to:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M.Hum. The director of Graduate Program
of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum. The Head of Graduate Program of the English
Department for giving the approval and permission to conduct this research
paper.
3. Prof. Kumaidi, Ph.D. The first consultant, who gives very helpful guidance for
the writer‟s research.
4. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum. The second consultant, who gives guidance and
criticisms during the study conducted.
5. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum. Thanks for being a good examiner in order
to make the research paper better.
6. The entire lecturer of English Department who has given knowledge.
7. Her beloved mother, father, and husband who have given her pray attention,
and motivation.
To those mentioned above, the writer can only say „thanks so much‟
hopefully, Allah gives blessing for all of them. The writer realizes that the research
x
xi
is far from being perfect. Any criticism to important her paper is welcome. Finally,
the writer still hopes that this research paper can contribute to useful re ading for
the esteem readers.
Wassalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatu
Surakarta, 5 May 2012
The writer
xi
xii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................... i
NOTE OF CONSULTANT .......................................................................... ii
APPROVAL .................................................................................................. iv
ACCEPTANCE ……………………………………………………………… v
MOTTO ........................................................................................................ vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vii
PRONOUNCEMENT ………………………………………………………...viii
SUMMARY ................................................................................................... ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .............................................................................. x
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................... xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ............................................. 1
B. Focus of the Study........................................................ 5
C. Research Questions ..................................................... 6
D. Objective of the Study ................................................ 6
E. Benefit of the Study ..................................................... 7
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Study ............................................................ 8
B. Theoretical Review ..................................................... 9
1. Learning Strategies .............................................. 9
1.1. Notion of Learning Strategies ........................ 9
1.2. Rubin’s Concept ............................................ 10
1.3. O’ Malley’s Concept ...................................... 15
1.4. Stern’s Concept ............................................. 18
1.5. Oxford’s Concept ........................................... 20
2. Speaking Skill .......................................................... 20
2.1. Notion of Speaking …………………………...20
2.2. Speaking Sub Skill ……………………………21
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODS
A. Type of Research ........................................................ 23
B. Subject of Research ..................................................... 23
C. Object of Research ..................................................... 24
D. Data and Data Source ................................................ 24
E. Method of Collecting Data ......................................... 24
F. Technique for Analyzing Data ................................... 25
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Finding ......................................................... 28
1. Learning Strategies used to develop Fluency……...28
2. Learning Strategies used to develop Pronunciation.30
3. Learning strategies used to develop Vocabulary
Repertoire ……………………………………………32
4. Learning Strategies used to develop Grammar
Knowledge ……………………………………………33
B. Discussion ................................................................... 34
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .................................................................. 38
B. Suggestion .................................................................. 38
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................
REFERENCES ............................................................................................
APPENDIXES ..............................................................................................
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