GENDER EQUALITY IN PEARL S BUCK’S PAVILION OF WOMEN NOVEL (1946) Gender Equality In Pearl S Buck’s Pavilion Of Women Novel (1946).
GENDER EQUALITY
IN PEARL S BUCK’S PAVILION OF W OM EN NOVEL (1946)
THESIS
Subm itt ed as a Partial Fulfillm ent of the Requirem ent for Get t ing the Post
Graduat e Degree of Language Depart ment
at M uhamm adiyah Universit y of Surakart a
By:
M ETA KHAIRUN NISA
S 200 110 018
M AGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDY
SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE PROGRAM
M UHAM M ADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
NOTE OF ADVISOR I
Dr. M . Thoyibi, M .S
Lect urer of M agist er of Language St udy Post Graduat e Program M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a
Official not e on M et a Khairun Nisa’s Thesis
Dear
The direct or of Graduat e Program of M agist er of Language St udy of Graduat e
Program M uham m adiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Assalam u’alaikum Wr. Wb
Having read, exam ined, correct ed, and necessarily revised t ow ards the thesis of
Nam e
: M et a Khairun Nisa
Nim
: S 200 110 018
Program
: M agist er of Language St udy
Focus on
: Lit erat ure
Tit le
: Gender Equalit y in Pearl S. Buck Pavilion of Women Novel
(1946)
I access t hat t he t hesis is approved t o be examined by the board of exam iners in
t he M agist er of Language Study of M uham madiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakart a,
December 2014
First Advisor
Dr. M . Thoyibi, M .S
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II
Dr. Phil. Dew i candraningrum , M .Ed
Lect urer of M agist er of Language St udy Post Graduat e Program M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a
Official not e on M et a Khairun Nisa’s Thesis
Dear
The direct or of Graduat e Program of M agist er of Language St udy of Graduat e
Program M uham m adiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Assalam u’alaikum Wr. Wb
Having read, exam ined, correct ed, and necessarily revised t ow ards the thesis of
Nam e
: M et a Khairun Nisa
Nim
: S 200 110 018
Program
: M agist er of Language St udy
Focus on
: Lit erat ure
Tit le
: Gender Equalit y in Pearl S. Buck Pavilion of Women Novel
(1946)
I access t hat t he t hesis is approved t o be examined by the board of exam iners in
t he M agist er of Language Study of M uham madiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakart a,
December 2014
Second Advisor
Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum, M .Ed
iii
iv
MOTTO
True equality is not the superiority of women, but the equal status of
man and woman (Mercedes Joubert)
No struggle can ever succeed without women participating side by side
with men (Muhammad Ali Jannah)
Women wil only have true equality when men share with them the
responsibility of bringing up the next generation
(Ruth Bader Ginsburg)
Women, like men, should try to do the impossible and when they fail,
their failure should be a challenge to others (Amelia Earhart)
Each Time A woman stands up for herself, She stands up of all women
(Peak Foundation)
v
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to
M y Beloved Father and M other, Shodiq and Budiatun, thank you for
your endless love
M y Beloved Husband, Enggal Prasetyo, who always encourage me,
thank you for always beside me and supporting me, showing me how
to stand in the trouble of past, you really know me at all
M y Brother Najib K hoirurrijal and his wife I da Fitriani, thank you
for your care
The Chotimah’s big family
M y beloved Friends Aprilia Riyana, Allen Rufaida and N orminingsih
Fitriani
And those who love me
vi
ABSTRACT
(M et a Khairun Nisa, S200110018, 2014. Gender Equalit y in Pearl S Buck’s
Pavilion of Women Novel (1946)). Thesis. M agist er of Language St udy. Facult y of
Language Depart ment . M uhamm adiyah Universit y of Surakart a. Advisors: (1) Dr.
M . Thoyibi, M .S (2) Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum, M .Ed
This research aim s at : (1) to describe t he social condit ion of Am erica and
China in 1940. (2) to port ray t he personal profile of M adame Wu in Buck’s
Pavilion of Women novel, and (3) to reveal gender equalit ies described in Buck’s
Pavilion of Women novel .
The qualit ative research is carried out by making use of t he descriptive
met hod. The researcher analyzes t he dat a by using fem inist perspect ive and
sociology approach. The approaches are used for analyzing t he gender equalit y in
Buck’s Pavilion of Women novel.
Based on the result of the data analysis, the research finds some gender
equalit ies in t he novel. The gender equalities found here are in aspect s of
w om en’s position, role and right. Aspect of right here divided into right to
cont rol, access and part icipat ion.
Key w ords: Pavilion of W omen novel, M adame Wu, Feminism, Gender Equalit y.
vii
ABSTRAK
(M et a Khairun Nisa, S200110018, 2014. Gender Equalit y in Pearl S Buck’s
Pavilion of Women Novel (1946)). Thesis. M agist er of Language St udy. Facult y of
Language Depart ment . M uhamm adiyah Universit y of Surakart a. Advisors: (1) Dr.
M . Thoyibi, M .S (2) Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum, M .Ed
Penelit ian ini bert ujuan untuk (1) m endeskripsikan kondisi social di
Am erika dan China pada t ahun 1940an. (2) menganalisa profil pribadi M adam
Wu pada novel Pavilion of Women karya Pearl S Buck, dan (3) menganalisa
persam aan gender yang dit emukan dalam novel Pavilion of Women karya Pearl S
Buck.
Penelit ian kualit atif ini menggunakan met ode deskript if. Penelit i
menganalisa dat a dengan menggunakan pendekat an fem inist dan sosiologi.
Kedua pendekat an t ersebut digunakan untuk menganalisa persam aan gender
dit em ukan dalam novel Pavilion of Women karya Pearl S Buck.
Berdasarkan hasil dari data analisis, peneliti m enem ukan beberapa
contoh persamaan gender yang ada di novel. Persam aan gender t ersebut
t erdapat dalam aspek posisi, peranan dan hak perem puan. Aspek hak
perem puan dibagi lagi m enjadi hak untuk m emegang kendali, mengakses dan
berpart isipasi.
Kat a kunci: Novel Pavilion of W omen, M adame Wu, Feminism e, Persamaan
Gender.
viii
PRONOUNCEM ENT
I am the w rit er of this t hesis,
Nam e
: M et a Khairun Nisa
Nim
: S 200 110 018
Program
: M agist er Pengkajian Bahasa (M PB)
Focus on
: Lit erat ure
Tit le
: Gender Equalit y in Pearl S. Buck’s Pavilion of
W omen Novel (1946)
Cert ify t hat t his t hesis is definit ely my ow n w ork. I am com plet ely
responsible for it s cont ent s. Otherw ise, t here is some ot her w rit er’s opinion for
findings included in t his t hesis but they are quoted or cit ed in accordance w ith
et hical st andard. When t here is evidence t hat t his t hesis a kind of plagiarism, I
w ill accept the cancellation of my post graduat e degree given by M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a.
Surakart a,
Decem ber
Sincerely
M et a Khairun Nisa
ix
2014
ACKNOW LEDGEM ENT
In the name of Allah, the Alm ight y and M erciful. Praise is only t o Allah for
all his abundant blessing, m ercies, and guidance, so t hat the researcher is able t o
complet e t his t hesis. She w ould also like t o express her deep grat it ude t o the
following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dim yati, SH, M .Hum, The Direct or of M uham madiyah
Universit y of Surakart a,
2. Prof.Dr.M arkham ah, M .Hum, the Head of Language St udy Depart ment,
3. M r. Dr. M och.Thoyibi . M .S, and M rs. Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum, M .Ed, the
advisors of this thesis, for their helpful and sincere guidance, underst anding,
patience, and friendship.
4. M y parent s, Shodiq and Budiatun, parent s in law, big family and best friends
w ho provided me w ith unending encouragem ent and support .
5. M y beloved husband, Enggal Praset yo,for his support, encouragem ent , quiet
patience, unw avering love w ere undeniably t he bedrock upon w hich several
years of my life have been built, t olerance and unyielding devot ion and love,
Finally, the researcher requires const ructive suggest ions for the progress of t he
next st udy. She hopes t his research w ill be advant ageous for leading t o more
inspiring researchers.
Surakart a,
December 2014
M et a Khairun Nisa
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II
iii
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL
iv
M OTTO
v
DEDICATION
vi
ABSTRACT
vii
PRONOUNCEM ENT
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. Background of t he Research
1
B. Problem St at ement s
5
C. Object ives of the Study
5
D. Benefit s of the Research
5
E. Thesis Organizat ion
6
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Review of Previous St udy
7
B. Underlying Theory
10
xi
1. Theory on Pat riarchy
10
2. Theory on Fem inism
12
3. Review of the Socio-Cultural Background
14
4. Sociology of Lit erat ure
17
5. Gender Equalit y
21
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH M ETHOD
A. Type of the St udy
23
B. Object of the Study
23
C. Type of the Dat a and the Dat a Source
24
D. Technique of the Dat a Collect ion
24
E. Technique of the Dat a Analysis
25
CHAPTER IV : SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
A. Social Hist orical Background of Am erica in 1940s
26
1. Social Aspect
26
2. Econom ic Aspect
27
3. Political Aspect
28
4. Cultural Aspect
29
5. Religious Aspect
30
6. Science and Technology Aspect
30
xii
B. Social Hist orical Background of China in 1940s
31
1. Social Aspect
32
2. Econom ic Aspect
32
3. Political Aspect
33
4. Cultural Aspect
34
5. Religious Aspect
35
6. Science and Technology Aspect
36
C. The Life of Pearl S Buck
36
CHAPTER V : PROFILE OF THE M AIN CHARACTER, M ADAM E W U
A. Profile of the M ain Charact er, M adam e Wu
B.
41
1. Personal Identit y
41
2. Physical Qualit ies
42
3. M ent al Qualities
46
4. M oral Qualities
50
5. Social Qualities
54
Discussion
57
CHAPTER VI : FEM INIST ANALYSIS
A. Fem inist Perspective
60
1. Wom en’s Posit ion
60
2. Wom en’s Role
62
xiii
3. Wom en’s Right s
B.
64
71
Discussion
CHAPTER VII : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
74
B. Pedagogical Implicat ion
75
C. Suggest ion
76
BIBLIOGRAPHY
xiv
IN PEARL S BUCK’S PAVILION OF W OM EN NOVEL (1946)
THESIS
Subm itt ed as a Partial Fulfillm ent of the Requirem ent for Get t ing the Post
Graduat e Degree of Language Depart ment
at M uhamm adiyah Universit y of Surakart a
By:
M ETA KHAIRUN NISA
S 200 110 018
M AGISTER OF LANGUAGE STUDY
SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE PROGRAM
M UHAM M ADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
NOTE OF ADVISOR I
Dr. M . Thoyibi, M .S
Lect urer of M agist er of Language St udy Post Graduat e Program M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a
Official not e on M et a Khairun Nisa’s Thesis
Dear
The direct or of Graduat e Program of M agist er of Language St udy of Graduat e
Program M uham m adiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Assalam u’alaikum Wr. Wb
Having read, exam ined, correct ed, and necessarily revised t ow ards the thesis of
Nam e
: M et a Khairun Nisa
Nim
: S 200 110 018
Program
: M agist er of Language St udy
Focus on
: Lit erat ure
Tit le
: Gender Equalit y in Pearl S. Buck Pavilion of Women Novel
(1946)
I access t hat t he t hesis is approved t o be examined by the board of exam iners in
t he M agist er of Language Study of M uham madiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakart a,
December 2014
First Advisor
Dr. M . Thoyibi, M .S
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II
Dr. Phil. Dew i candraningrum , M .Ed
Lect urer of M agist er of Language St udy Post Graduat e Program M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a
Official not e on M et a Khairun Nisa’s Thesis
Dear
The direct or of Graduat e Program of M agist er of Language St udy of Graduat e
Program M uham m adiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Assalam u’alaikum Wr. Wb
Having read, exam ined, correct ed, and necessarily revised t ow ards the thesis of
Nam e
: M et a Khairun Nisa
Nim
: S 200 110 018
Program
: M agist er of Language St udy
Focus on
: Lit erat ure
Tit le
: Gender Equalit y in Pearl S. Buck Pavilion of Women Novel
(1946)
I access t hat t he t hesis is approved t o be examined by the board of exam iners in
t he M agist er of Language Study of M uham madiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakart a,
December 2014
Second Advisor
Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum, M .Ed
iii
iv
MOTTO
True equality is not the superiority of women, but the equal status of
man and woman (Mercedes Joubert)
No struggle can ever succeed without women participating side by side
with men (Muhammad Ali Jannah)
Women wil only have true equality when men share with them the
responsibility of bringing up the next generation
(Ruth Bader Ginsburg)
Women, like men, should try to do the impossible and when they fail,
their failure should be a challenge to others (Amelia Earhart)
Each Time A woman stands up for herself, She stands up of all women
(Peak Foundation)
v
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to
M y Beloved Father and M other, Shodiq and Budiatun, thank you for
your endless love
M y Beloved Husband, Enggal Prasetyo, who always encourage me,
thank you for always beside me and supporting me, showing me how
to stand in the trouble of past, you really know me at all
M y Brother Najib K hoirurrijal and his wife I da Fitriani, thank you
for your care
The Chotimah’s big family
M y beloved Friends Aprilia Riyana, Allen Rufaida and N orminingsih
Fitriani
And those who love me
vi
ABSTRACT
(M et a Khairun Nisa, S200110018, 2014. Gender Equalit y in Pearl S Buck’s
Pavilion of Women Novel (1946)). Thesis. M agist er of Language St udy. Facult y of
Language Depart ment . M uhamm adiyah Universit y of Surakart a. Advisors: (1) Dr.
M . Thoyibi, M .S (2) Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum, M .Ed
This research aim s at : (1) to describe t he social condit ion of Am erica and
China in 1940. (2) to port ray t he personal profile of M adame Wu in Buck’s
Pavilion of Women novel, and (3) to reveal gender equalit ies described in Buck’s
Pavilion of Women novel .
The qualit ative research is carried out by making use of t he descriptive
met hod. The researcher analyzes t he dat a by using fem inist perspect ive and
sociology approach. The approaches are used for analyzing t he gender equalit y in
Buck’s Pavilion of Women novel.
Based on the result of the data analysis, the research finds some gender
equalit ies in t he novel. The gender equalities found here are in aspect s of
w om en’s position, role and right. Aspect of right here divided into right to
cont rol, access and part icipat ion.
Key w ords: Pavilion of W omen novel, M adame Wu, Feminism, Gender Equalit y.
vii
ABSTRAK
(M et a Khairun Nisa, S200110018, 2014. Gender Equalit y in Pearl S Buck’s
Pavilion of Women Novel (1946)). Thesis. M agist er of Language St udy. Facult y of
Language Depart ment . M uhamm adiyah Universit y of Surakart a. Advisors: (1) Dr.
M . Thoyibi, M .S (2) Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum, M .Ed
Penelit ian ini bert ujuan untuk (1) m endeskripsikan kondisi social di
Am erika dan China pada t ahun 1940an. (2) menganalisa profil pribadi M adam
Wu pada novel Pavilion of Women karya Pearl S Buck, dan (3) menganalisa
persam aan gender yang dit emukan dalam novel Pavilion of Women karya Pearl S
Buck.
Penelit ian kualit atif ini menggunakan met ode deskript if. Penelit i
menganalisa dat a dengan menggunakan pendekat an fem inist dan sosiologi.
Kedua pendekat an t ersebut digunakan untuk menganalisa persam aan gender
dit em ukan dalam novel Pavilion of Women karya Pearl S Buck.
Berdasarkan hasil dari data analisis, peneliti m enem ukan beberapa
contoh persamaan gender yang ada di novel. Persam aan gender t ersebut
t erdapat dalam aspek posisi, peranan dan hak perem puan. Aspek hak
perem puan dibagi lagi m enjadi hak untuk m emegang kendali, mengakses dan
berpart isipasi.
Kat a kunci: Novel Pavilion of W omen, M adame Wu, Feminism e, Persamaan
Gender.
viii
PRONOUNCEM ENT
I am the w rit er of this t hesis,
Nam e
: M et a Khairun Nisa
Nim
: S 200 110 018
Program
: M agist er Pengkajian Bahasa (M PB)
Focus on
: Lit erat ure
Tit le
: Gender Equalit y in Pearl S. Buck’s Pavilion of
W omen Novel (1946)
Cert ify t hat t his t hesis is definit ely my ow n w ork. I am com plet ely
responsible for it s cont ent s. Otherw ise, t here is some ot her w rit er’s opinion for
findings included in t his t hesis but they are quoted or cit ed in accordance w ith
et hical st andard. When t here is evidence t hat t his t hesis a kind of plagiarism, I
w ill accept the cancellation of my post graduat e degree given by M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a.
Surakart a,
Decem ber
Sincerely
M et a Khairun Nisa
ix
2014
ACKNOW LEDGEM ENT
In the name of Allah, the Alm ight y and M erciful. Praise is only t o Allah for
all his abundant blessing, m ercies, and guidance, so t hat the researcher is able t o
complet e t his t hesis. She w ould also like t o express her deep grat it ude t o the
following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dim yati, SH, M .Hum, The Direct or of M uham madiyah
Universit y of Surakart a,
2. Prof.Dr.M arkham ah, M .Hum, the Head of Language St udy Depart ment,
3. M r. Dr. M och.Thoyibi . M .S, and M rs. Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum, M .Ed, the
advisors of this thesis, for their helpful and sincere guidance, underst anding,
patience, and friendship.
4. M y parent s, Shodiq and Budiatun, parent s in law, big family and best friends
w ho provided me w ith unending encouragem ent and support .
5. M y beloved husband, Enggal Praset yo,for his support, encouragem ent , quiet
patience, unw avering love w ere undeniably t he bedrock upon w hich several
years of my life have been built, t olerance and unyielding devot ion and love,
Finally, the researcher requires const ructive suggest ions for the progress of t he
next st udy. She hopes t his research w ill be advant ageous for leading t o more
inspiring researchers.
Surakart a,
December 2014
M et a Khairun Nisa
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II
iii
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL
iv
M OTTO
v
DEDICATION
vi
ABSTRACT
vii
PRONOUNCEM ENT
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
xi
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
A. Background of t he Research
1
B. Problem St at ement s
5
C. Object ives of the Study
5
D. Benefit s of the Research
5
E. Thesis Organizat ion
6
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Review of Previous St udy
7
B. Underlying Theory
10
xi
1. Theory on Pat riarchy
10
2. Theory on Fem inism
12
3. Review of the Socio-Cultural Background
14
4. Sociology of Lit erat ure
17
5. Gender Equalit y
21
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH M ETHOD
A. Type of the St udy
23
B. Object of the Study
23
C. Type of the Dat a and the Dat a Source
24
D. Technique of the Dat a Collect ion
24
E. Technique of the Dat a Analysis
25
CHAPTER IV : SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
A. Social Hist orical Background of Am erica in 1940s
26
1. Social Aspect
26
2. Econom ic Aspect
27
3. Political Aspect
28
4. Cultural Aspect
29
5. Religious Aspect
30
6. Science and Technology Aspect
30
xii
B. Social Hist orical Background of China in 1940s
31
1. Social Aspect
32
2. Econom ic Aspect
32
3. Political Aspect
33
4. Cultural Aspect
34
5. Religious Aspect
35
6. Science and Technology Aspect
36
C. The Life of Pearl S Buck
36
CHAPTER V : PROFILE OF THE M AIN CHARACTER, M ADAM E W U
A. Profile of the M ain Charact er, M adam e Wu
B.
41
1. Personal Identit y
41
2. Physical Qualit ies
42
3. M ent al Qualities
46
4. M oral Qualities
50
5. Social Qualities
54
Discussion
57
CHAPTER VI : FEM INIST ANALYSIS
A. Fem inist Perspective
60
1. Wom en’s Posit ion
60
2. Wom en’s Role
62
xiii
3. Wom en’s Right s
B.
64
71
Discussion
CHAPTER VII : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
74
B. Pedagogical Implicat ion
75
C. Suggest ion
76
BIBLIOGRAPHY
xiv