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Impact Factor
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1Hil1i,;::i
ruDIAN JOURruAL OF
fiNNruNGEfiNEruT SCIEruCE
Volume - lll
Issue - 4
October 2013
bO Ulrich's Directory, U5A
.C cabell Publishing, USA
lndex Copernicus lnternational, Poland
Georgetown University Library, U5A
Journal5eek
Clobal lmpact Factor, Australia
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JouRNar,
or MaNacEMENT Scrcxco (IJMS)
EISSN 2231.-279X _ISSN 2249_0280 55
THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR
4CSF) OF THE ACADEMIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN HIGHER
EDUCATION USING COBIT FRAMEWORK VERSION 4.1
(CASE STUDY: HIGHER EDUCATION
IN SALATIGA, CENTRAL JAVA)
Evi Maria,
Faculty of Information Technology
Satya Wacana Christian University, Indonesia.
Charitas Fibriani,
Lina Sinatra Wijaya,
Faculty of Information Technology
Sana Wacana Christian University, Indonesia.
Faculty of Information Technology
Satya Wacana Christian University, Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
Institutions of Higher Education are required to develop a good business strategy one of them
by
,
utilizing advances in information technology (IT). IT processes need to be measurld to determine
the
level of maturity of the implementation. Measurement of IT processes in higher education can be
done
using the COBIT Framework. Higher education institutioni need to do an identification
Brocess on
Critical Success Factors (CSF) of IT process first before doing the performance measurabie process.
CSF mapping results of IT processes in higher institutions in Salatiga, shows that the level of
IT
maturity scale is above 2 (repeatable) out of 5. The Highest value is on aspects of IT resources for
frrancing the IT investment. The lowest value is on aspects of ensuring the quality of the system,
because the higher institutions in Salatiga do not have a specific training program foi users
to run the
applications of information systems. The mapping results showed that thl aspects of managerial
and
s)'stem need to be a major concern for the head of the higher institutions in Saiatiga when these
higher
institutions will establish and develop the Academic System information
Keywords: Academic information system, Critical Success Factors, maturity level, COBIT.
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EISSN 2231-279X - ISSN
22-19-r03ffi
lntroduction:
Excellent service in an organization has become a liability. One of the excellent services is to satisfl'c
with professionally qualified service competence with the characteristics of transparency, accounrah:-q,,
conditional (Tjiptono, 2001). In order to improve operational efficiency and quality of service to cr
institutions of Higher Education (PT) is also required to develop a good business strategy, and one of them
utilizing advances in information technology (IT). The use of IT in higher educations should be s1'st:,
considered and planned, considering that generally the institution is a non-profit organization, while the tcrs
that the implementation of IT requires a relatively high cost (PWC, 2004, Applegate et a1.,2003).
Salatig4 in Central Java has four higher educational institutions which have an operational permL :f
establishment of study programs from the Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTI ) and has been ac:
by the National Accreditation Board of Higher Education (BAN-PT). As for targeted higher educatior-. m
research are Satya Wacana Christian University (SWCU), AMA-School of Economics (stie AMA.r. -r:
Academy of Midwifery (AKBID Ar-Rum), and Bhakti Nusantara-Academy of Midwifery (f{usantar:
AKBID). The use of computers, internet technology and Information System in doing all the activities thrc'u
unit of work is a form using IT in these higher educational institutions. These institutions have to make <
develop the service for the academic information system which is complete, accurate, current, safe, consi:iemand relevant. This is done in order to create user loyalty, improve effectiveness and efficiency of resource use"
For university leaders and partner, IT management becomes one of the Critical Success Factor (CSI'
management of the higher educational institutions (Henderi,2010). The complexity of the applicatio:-;lr
mr
these institutions makes the heads of the various levels in the institutions and stakeholders have dilr
understand, create and implement IT governance. This is because the higher educational institutions in
have no special model of the basic framework when they build the Academic Information System @lul uur
Sembiring, 2006). As a result, the benefits obtained by the use of IT for the universities are equal with tl--e ,
the incurred investments. Therefore, the university leader requires IT governance in order to e:sur(E
achievement of the plan and the alignment between IT strategy and business strategy of the institution. IfG*
states that the alignment process is done by measuring the related IT process using the COBIT 4.1
(Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology) .
Measurement of IT processes in order to plan and alignment of business strategy using IT could be duu ifl
higher educational institution has already formulated and defined its critical success factor (CSF). CSF
important role for the progress of a company because of the demands of the business competition that r
company to have a clear vision and mission as well as practical steps to realize the goal. Additionzul.
success factor leads the company to measure its working performance, whethqr it is appropriate or r'"cr 1
2009). Seeing its importance, this research will identify the critical success factor on Academic System b::
in higher educational institutions in Salatig4 Central Java. Results of this study are expected to provide i:nrir
leaders of the institutions in Salatiga in designing and developing the Academic System Information. L
the results of this study are expected to provide direction for the implementation of IT in Higher
institutions in Salatiga in order to support the achievement of the organization's vision and mission.
Literature Review:
Academic Information Systems:
Academic Information System is an application used to record data from administration academic of ea::
starting from the entry (admission) to the exit (graduation). All university students have the right tt-, :e
access the application. The operation of this application is important to know and master by the studils
they can see the financial obligations that they should pay, register the course subjects, and see the resu: rd
,
study. (Yanuar and Maria,2012)
Cotrit Framework:
Control Objective for Information and related Technology, abbreviated COBIT, is designed as a :rxri
Governance to help in understanding and managing of risks, benefits and evaluation related to IT. COBIT !
has issued by the IT Governance Institute which is part of ISACA (Information System Audit an: I.
Association). COBIT guidelines consist of several directives, which are Control Objectives, Audit Guice
izational goali- trm
Management Guidelines. To provide information needed for companies to achieve
ilI,
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EISSN 2231.-279x
- ISSN 2249-0280 b7
' ::,:s of COBIT describes business requirements, process orientation and IT resource. COBIT framework
"
" -onsist of 34 high-level control objective, with each IT processes grouped into four major domains, namely:
: --:rins
and Organization (PO), includes strategy, tactics, and the identification of IT best way to make the
-
'1-mum contribution to the achievement of the organization's business objectives. The realization of the
-*;:35' needs to be planned, communicated and managed from a variety of different viewpoints. The
'*:-:mentation of the strategy should be accompanied by adequate infrastructure and can supportthe business
-':,'.,:ies of the organization
.
-::.:isition and Implementation (AI), the realization of the strategy which has been set, must be accompanied
" .:propriate IT solutions, then these IT solutions are conducted, implemented and integrated into the
-:-ization's business processes. This domain also includes changes and maintenance needed by the running
,:;x. to make sure the system life cycle is maintained.
-': ;'ery & Support, includes fulfillment process of the IT service, system security, continuity of service,
::-:-:rg and education for users, and the process ofthe ongoing data.
I ::-.i:oring, to maintain the quality of and compliance with the applicable control, the entire IT process should
". .,lervised and assessed their feasibility regularly. This domain focuses on the issue of controls implemented
, "::tl the organization, internal and external audit and independent assurance ofthe tests carried out .
'
'
-' Success Factors (CSF) serves as a guide to management in implementing controls to IT and its processes.
; j :r activity that can be strategic, technical, organizational, process or procedural
habits. CSF is generally
::
r : "'::d with the ability and expertise and should be short, focused and action-oriented and highly affect the
I -'::.i resources in a process. In measuring the performance of IT processes, COBIT uses two different
'r"
,;;-j;S : (1) Key Goal Indicators (KGI) is a measurement that indicates whether an IT process has met the
-::s requirements needed by the management. (2) Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a measurement that
u:'::---:l3S how well the performance of IT processes in order to support the achievement of IT goals. Key
"i
'
,,,i
-:3ltce Indicator will provide an overview of whether a goal will be achieved or not. Determination of target
,- - I:::s and performance indicators of the information system is carried out in order to control the activities so it
;riu" :;:antee that the goal of the IT process is achieved .
rr"- .
rr
'"r : tf rncept of it Maturity Model:
:'::it1' Model is a model used to
'li
measure the maturity level
:, -r;inert model adopted the Capability Maturity Model for
of IT management in an organization. This
software published by Software Engineering
r :--:. Carniege Mellon University. IT Maturity Model consists of five maturity levels of IT management,
:' ,i -,: ., g:: level 0 (non-existent), level I (initial), Ievel 2 (repeatable), level 3 (defined), level 4 (managed) and level
:..::ized). The higher the maturity level, the better the IT management Process, which indirectly means more
' r.i : --re IT support in the process of achievingthe organizational goal.
)'*,,j,r'1,:
q5 ReSeafCheS:
"-*
"R. (.2002) notes the
failure of implementation of Information Technology (IT) in Business Process of the
r'*'::.iucational institution is not due to technical factors but because of the non-technical issues that is the
r,,,,r*'." -actor, processes and work organization. Many people become resistant to the implementation of IT in
' --' . : : ducation (PT), so in order to overcome this condition, the role of the leader and also the IT manager are
r:
The) can managed the IT management that is needed to overcome the leadership role and encouragement
;-- .:rsity and IT management which can manage the IT management which is focused, structured and aligned
-:.: reeds of the organization. Therefore, for the leader of the institutions and the partners of the institutions ,
:-anagement are becoming as one of the Critical Success Factor (CSF) in the higher educational management
'::-::::. 1010)
: ducation has allocated large number of funds for investment in the field of IT. Moertini (2006) stated that
.. ' s * ::c number of students, employees (Lectures and administration staff), the amount of activity in a unit of time,
Lrr
.i: :umber of buildings and spaces, university is categorized as a large institution.
Indonesia, higher
L- .:. :':al institutions do not have the basic framework of specific models when making the academic Information
rtL:rl:'-
,r'
llll
'
'
In
"
':r'-:.
So
Mutyarini and Sembiring (2006) made an architectural model of Academic Information System. By
of Monash University using TOGAF in order to achieve the Three Dharma
.,,,-.::,-a the making the architecture
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EISSN 2231-279X_[SSN,
University mission. While the COBIT Control Objective Framework used in the making the -{;a:euLLu
System because it fits with the characteristics of universities as a State Owned Legal Entitl. (3l. *-[';
the COBIT framework is not only used in architectural design of the information system. bui
= :mr
also measures the performance of the architecture of the information System.
O'Donnell, E, (2004) found that in order to build and measure the performance of IT , we can a::rr j,m
such as the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), ISOAEC 17799, COSO and [ ,l611l[i
research (2009) and Jusuf, Heni (2009) also uses COBIT to develop a model of IT Gcr:xrlgrluurl
Education with an argument that COBIT is made by using IT standards as a reference so thar :r sul;
development with the goal of the institution is guaranteed. Before the measurements is done. i: :
.
sampling of the IT process, then performed the translation process using ITIL, so that the IT Ci,*ts:i
obtaining the right to then measured using IT Maturity (Anugrah, 2008).
Maria (201l) found that SWCU has owned the internal control in each level COBIT IT process ;;Emrru* il
where the internal control provides assurance that academic services are performed br $m!6d
procedures that have been defined. IT management has been applied in SWCU, but it has not L,eer
well-structured method and approach. Maria and Fibriani (2012) found that the implemenul-:,. rf
Satya Wacana becomes important because STIBA Satya Wacana has done the managemer :i 11
institution. Evaluation results show that the overall maturity level of IT implementation is ar a i r.luts d
means that IT processes are running based on a certain pattem within the institution. The resulis :; ltmr
found that the process of PO4, PO8, AI7, DS2, DS6, DSl0 and ME3 is aprocess that has Lqe a1r5;
compared to other processes, so this process should get highly prioritized in improvemeu :im
processes
.
Research Methodology:
This research is a qualitative descriptive study which describes the phenomenon in a way that acru,a-J
or population by emphasizingthe importance of closeness to the people and the situation c:
so that researchers gain a clear understanding of reality and real-life conditions both q-xnili
quantitatively. This study will make the process of identification of Critical Success Factor (CSFr -,r ntrm"r
Information System (SI) in Higher Education (PT) using the COBIT Framework version 4.1.
This research is a case study conducted in some higher educational institution in Salatiga. The i:
as the study have the following criteria which have an operational permit of the establishment c,:
from the Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTI) and has been accredited by the Narionul
an event
Board of Higher Education (BAN-PT). Of determining the criteria finally we chose 1 H;Jrdr
institution-shaped as University, I higher educational institution-shaped as college and 2 iqm.
institutions-shaped as Academy. These higher educational institutions are Satya Wacana Ct:
(SWCU), AMA-School of Economics (stie AMA), Ar-Rum-Academy of Midwifery (AKBID +:
Bhakti Nusantara -Academy of Midwifery (Nusantara Bhakti AKBID).
The data used in this study consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data were sfr:i.Er
interviews with the leaders of each institution, Unit Technology and Information Systems is a :;
supervisor of Il and IT users the administrative staff, lectures and students based on the list of t-x
in accordance with the guidelines of the COBIT framework version 4.1. While the secondan'd,'mp
various reports and publications relevant to the study.
The phase of this study include: (1) conducting initial studies, conducting material searchel
research, literature study and standards that support the research topic, drafting questionna::=s
documents related to the duties and functions of the institutions that can produce informa:l:rr
stakeholders in the institutions, (2) establishing the IT Objectives in Higher Education and then d;
of the Critical Success Factors (CSF) of the IT Process in higher education which has the funci:ra
for the head of the higher education management in implementing controls to IT and its
COBIT Framework, (3) performing the mapping of CSF Information technology processes at ir:
Salatiga, (4) the final stage of the research will be: making conclusions and suggestions from aI
has been done.
Results and Discussion
:
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illiltitrtril
.ll(:iLR\.{LOFMANAGEMENT SCIENCE
illllrillrnlrfl-nr{r:
.llll,
ll.,
,'l, --
(UMS)
EISSN 2281-279r_ISSN 2249_0280 b9
n of Business process in Higher Education:
:,':';i:"r:."j,::#:""1'-i'9Tll1,l?l
"',.
..1:L'i.'il::::l^'T,::j*l"to
J ils
u.y ;;t
:, _. -: :;':,:
.l! 3 n1i*
.o
nro.}{es educational services to the communiry. rhe business
j,traf
it *uin p.or"r.",
"rd;;;;#r,i*'i.lX'".1".'.1
;lit:1ry"
;"r"i'r i,lifi l;'ffi" ,tr1X fir:"j:".'"Hl
JI";T[J;hing, research
(2
).
tvpes:
and promotions
llil: financial administration, cooperation and externui."lutions,
*:
i,
i,r".-1,i";';;;;#'i,S)
which is being
:-l::#1"':::i*'j::::"jf:'::::,*:1111*
", p,ocess can
u,sine,s
.
'ti
,u*:
be carried ;;:d.#:i;
rl" H:i}#'*Y,:j:.:"0,*11t,::::11.^1,i":j,"d
l1,1tl.
sysrtrr, rs Known as Academlc
Academic
rnro,,,",io, iil;:il;#"ffi;ffiii:",:J:;
lntormation
System. Academic Information system
_,,;llljfJ:T::^?.'3,1t:ij,ITy,
."q,i,.a uv ,r,. ,i"r"r,"r0.,, the higher
1;.0fi'fff:,",:.":"jffiJ:"fl:.:::t::jh:.,1q":yli*
Iie stakeholders
of Higher Education ( Indrajit , 2006) are
a--;;l
I
Supplier
SMI( STlr,tetc
2. DIKTtr KOPERTIS
5.
1 below.
"r
Newuigherraucation
]
I
comp.titor ]
i
Univesity
]Other
|
I . SMQ
3.
4.
in Figure
Parents/Guardiatr
Business World
I
University st,den\
/
\
| \
'_
Co]muity
,-Customer \
/
substituts
]Tmining comes institution
| .Certihcation Instinrtions
ll
Business
World f
_,
I
I
Figure 1. Stakeholders in Higher Education (source: rnaralit,
zooo;
:
I
'r3r needs in Higher Education related to the need of Information- System (IS)
are divided into 3 groups: (a)
operations and higher educational management in tne
form
of
the
need
to improve productivity,
'' - :-;" and quality of the work, (b)
information servii for intemal and external interests of
higher education,
'rL ' : ;uality €Nsurance in the form of the need to provide data
and information that is useful for doing the quality
-.r. r- it and decision-making.
L'
-
ll* -- )harma
'"'i"
' - ::-i need of information
system, the architecture of Infibrmation Technology (IT)
in Higher Education is
::'1: into 3 (three) criteria, where each criteria
has supported business activitiies. These Criteria and activities
1' The role.of IT consists of the Academic Informatio"
svri.*
::l
activities, E-learni
.,_:.^::"*?,f.,1;;t#il':;";d;,ii-1*d'3:[T-1,':H#[TfJ:l'ihfi;"";lffii;fS,HiliX1:il:"I
inrormation.*d-l,ry;
::.::j,:,:Tl:::":j:'::T::.,i:"'^'1':: :*
l-*:1':;:::i'S.:r,1.ll],*:.1ccT1.and
DC & DRC (Data Center and
connectivity.
;
Ailil;;;,t""H;#'h[";;,"!;;.
Ir Security Management,
Disaster Recovery Center).
'-'_:ement,
vrrvrqfluy
Jvr YluE,
J.
poticy and Network
u*utification of critical success Factors (csF) from the
it Process at Higher Educations in salatiga, central
"t1t:
: -' :-ess goals in Higher Education were established by the head
of the institution using 4 perspective Balance
' ':-' Card (BSC)' Goals of the financial perspective is to have good and
transparent financial management so that
. i impact on the increase in profit, while goals related
to
the
improvement
of services and ensure that services
--"
'''jed are always on time and reliable so that the customer/user will get satisfaction are
goals
-"':
the
that are set
the perspective of the customer. Goals from the internal
perspectivels a commitment to always do the repair
':-: maintain the functions of the business processes and ensure the service given in a line with the internal policies
'::r applicable law so that the quality of sirvice is maintained. while_the goals of learning and growth perspective
'-: always do their innovation and dlvelop the human
resources in order to become a leader in the similar
business.
-:- relation to the efficiency and effectiveness of the existing
business processes requires the implementation of IT
in
*re Higher Education' Therefore the right business
strateg| is neeJeo to achieve business goals that have been
set.
Jue to the use of
the business strategy defi_ned.use.s +-"gsc tr
(Maria, et a1.,2012)
-r implementation in higher education has IT objectives, they ferspective
ful ensuring the existing
services to support
I!
*.,
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2249-0280
an increase in the quality of the academic program, (b) supporting the quality improvement of managemem
programs and institutions and (c) supporting the increased cooperation with industry
and other universities. In
to achieve the IT objective, the control of the IT processes is carried out. The conirol of the IT processes
in
orar
hi_eler
education uses COBIT framework as the basis. IT processes in higher education consists of four domains,
narr3l-I
Planning and Organization (PO), Acquisition and Implementation (ary, oelirrery and Support (DS) and Monitor;g
(ME) with a total of 34 sub-domains. These IT objectives are then used to detlrmine ttre Crlticat Success Factru-,*
(CSF) of the IT process in Higher Education. CSF determined in this study uses the COBIT Framework.
In gener:rthe results of CSF identification of IT processes in higher education are piesented in Table l. While the main fo,c-s
of each CSF identified in Table I are presented in Table 2.
Table
I
: The Identification of CSF results
of IT processes in general for higher education using COBIT
Critical Success f,'actors (CSF)
The existence of the unit that is responsible for the availability or rr se*icer
which have clearly defined IT goals and strategies
The existence of the Information system which is capable in giving IT
services that slrpport the process in higher education
The existence of the IT service continuity, which is able to snpport to the
business process in higher education.
The existence of the Management's attention towards the importance of a
reliable IT to support academic activities and processes of the supportins unit
Domain COBIT
4.1
Plan and Organise (PO)
Acquire and Implement (AI'r
Deliver and Support (DS)
Monitor and Evaluate (ME't
Table 2: The Identification of Main Focus CSF
Domain
PO
AI
Main Focus
CSF'
COBIT
Management and business
l.
System
2.
3.
4.
5.
Information System
support the process
Critical Success Factor
Establishing IT strategy in line with the strategy of the institution
Using optimally IT resources
Socializing IT objectives to all employees of the institution
Identifzing and managing IT risks
Evaluating the quality of IT systems in accordance with business
needs institutions
that
6. Ensuring any newly created IT project meets the business needs t-:
in
the institution
7. Ensuring IT projects completed on schedule and in accordance rr-ii
higher education
the set budget
8. Ensuring the new system works well when it is implemented
9. Ensuring the system changes without disrupting the ongoi-n.DS
ME
Continuitv of Service
Leadership
Commitment Support
business oDerations
Ensuring the benefits of the information used for users
11.
Ensuring the quality of the service
12.
Ensuring the quality of the system
10.
and
13.
14.
Ensuring the information quality
Ensuring the IT manasement
From the main focus of the CSF, the Table 3 below presents the results of mapping the critical factors that ,:r
relevant to the COBIT IT processes. Mapping of critical factors to the COBIT IT piocesses is carried out in orde: :r
measure the level of maturity of the internal process of IT implementation in Higher Education. The descriptior :,f
the maturity level of the internal process of IT implementation is described ur rrr, of automic statement in qL-.,,:r
each description level of maturity contains statements that may conclude whethei it is appropriate or nol !m{c
mostly appropriate or mostly inappropriate. Description of maturity level consists of six leveis (0 to 5) un-'nu
describes the level of reliability of the internal activities of the IT implementation, which are summarized :1,
ISACA on consensus of many expert opinions and various best practices in the field of information technology th=i
is generic and has been used as an international standard.
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Table 3. Mapping of crisis factors relevant to the COBIT
Critical
Main Focus
Factor
PO1 Define a Stratesic IT Plan
of the institution
IT Investment, PO7 Manage Human
AI5 Install and Accredit Svstems
PO4 Define the IT Organisation and relationship, PO6
PO5 Manage the
UsLng IT resources optimally
Socializing IT objectives to all employees ofthe institution
Identiftins
processes
COBIT IT Process
Success
in line with the stra
Establishi
IT
Communicate managelnent aims and direction
a
Evaluating the quality
of IT systems in accordance with
business
needs institutions
Fnsuring any newly created IT project meets the business needs
of
-.ne
institution
Ensuring IT projects completed on schedule and
in
accordance
:-,ith the set bud
:nsurinq the new system works well when it is
Insuring system changes without disrupting ongoing business
PO8 Ensure Complain With External Requirement
AI4 Develop and Maintain IT Procedures
POl0 Manage Pro.lects
A14 Develop and Maintain IT Procedures
aDeratlons
Frsuring the benefits ofthe information used for users
:nsuring the quality of the service
:nsuring the quality of the system
-
DS4 Ensure Continuous Service, DS8 Manage Service Desk
and Incidents
DS5 Ensure Systems Security, DS7 Educate and Train Users,
DS11 Manage Data, DS12 Manage the Physical Environment,
DSl3 Mana
the information
DSll
Manase Data, DS13 Manase Operations
ME4 Provide for Indeoendent Audit
(esults Mapping Critical Success Factors (CSF) from the
lr
,f
it
Process on Higher Education Salatiga, Central
a:
, ::a11. the level of maturity of information technology in higher education in Salatiga, Central Jav4 is above the
:,": I (repeatable) out of 5. The Highest value is on aspects of IT resources for financing the IT investment. The
: " 3sI yalue is on aspects of ensuring the quality of the system, because the higher institutions in Salatiga do not
i , . a specific training program for users to run the applications of information systems. Users use a trial and error
-,:::-lach when running the application, if it does not work (error) then users will ask for help from the IT service
.
: -:-.
'
I
"
ider units owned by each institution.
-:ing results showed that the aspects of managerial and system need to be a major concern for the head of the
institutions in Salatiga when they will establish and develop Academic System Information. What it meant
:le Managerial aspects of the institution is that the higher institutions in Salatiga need to have (l) quality of
:::i
management framework, (2) a mechanism for data security systems, information, and network
''-. -ce
--:1(mlcture,
(3) standard operating procedures (SOP) for IT operations, (4 ) mechanisms for supervision and
*:i:sment of IT performance, (5) The mechanism of IT management, (6) IT training and education programs on a
':.-,ar basis. While aspects of system, the institutions need to make a supervision system on the IT performance
--: .:r appropriate IT management system to support the business goals of the institution.
- ; oclusion:
-j:,:iiions of Higher Education are required to develop a good business strategy, one of them by utilizing the
-':, ::rces of information technology (IT). Ideally the higher education business processes run in an information
,::n (IS) using the integrated software/systems applications in the run. It is intended that the business process
.
:e carried out effectively and efficiently. IT Implementation in Higher Education has some objectives, they are
.'. ::isuring that the existing IT services can support the increase in the quality of the academic program, (b)
-::lning
the quality improvement of the management programs and institutions and (c) supporting the increased
,::eration with industry and other higher education. ln order to achieve IT objectives in higher education, so the
. -l-rl over IT processes using the COBIT framework as the basis is carried out. The measurement of IT processes
- -::er to plan and alignment of business strategy with iT, can be done if the higher institution has formulated and
-: ::nined the Critical Success Factors (CSF) .
:: napping results of IT processes in higher institutions in Salatiga, shows that the level of IT maturity scale is
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above 2 (repeatable) out of 5. The Highest value is on aspects of IT resources for financing the iT inr e'-mm,,
lowest value is on aspects of ensuring the quality of the system, because the higher institutions in 5s- irgp
have a specific training program for users to run the applications of information systems. Mapping resrf,s
that the aspects of managerial and system need to be a major concern for the head of the higher i
Salatiga when these higher institutions will establish and develop the Academic System Information.
Acknowledgements:
Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTD for funding this research on Competitive Grant
year 2013.
Schrrr
References:
Anugrah, Bagus Satria. (2008). Pengukuran Tingkat Kematangan Tata Kelola Teknolos i
Menggunakan Model Kematangan COBIT di PT Bank Mandiri, Tbk. Unpublished thesis, Surahi;.u"
t21 Applegate LM., Austin RD, McFarlan. FW. (2003). Coorporate Information Startegy and
and cases, 6th edn boston, M.A: McGraw-Hill
13l Curry, J. R. (2002). The Organizational Challenge: IT and Revolution in Higher Education
t4l Henderi. (2010). Good IT Governance: Framework and Prototype for Higher Edual;m
Communication and Inovative Technology Joumal vol 3, no.2 ISSN: 1978-8282.
l5l Indrajit, Eko. (2006). Mengukur Tingkat Kematangan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi "--mrilr
Pendidikan (Suatu Pendekatan Kesiapan Pemegang Kepentingan/Stakeholder). Conference :
ICT for Indonesia, Bandung: 3-4May 2006,116-120.
t6l ISACA. (2004). COBIT Student Book. IT Governance Institute.
Ul ISACA. (2006). Integrating COBIT into the IT Audit Process (Planning, Scope Developmc:
I1l
Govemance Institute.
t8l ISACA. (2009). An Executive View of IT Governance. IT Govemance Institute.
t9l Jusuf, Heni. (2009). IT Governance pada Layanan Akademik On-Line di Unii'.--r,ai
Menggunakan COBIT (Control Objectives For Information and Related Technology) r em s I
Seminar of Information Technology Application, Yogyakarta:20st June 2009.
(2011). Perbandingan Sistem Informasi Akademik Universitas Kristen Satya Wac,'',
Maria.
t10l
COBIT Framework, Journal of Eonomic Foccus, vol 10, no.2hatl40-l49.ISSN 1412-3851
[11] Maria and Fibriani. (2012). Evaluasi Implementasi Teknologi Informasi di Sekolah Tinggr Baha-*.
Satya Wacana, Salatiga Menggunakan Framework COBIT Versi 4.1. Joumal of Accountiae 'r:
"
Economic, vol 2, no 1 November 2012, Economic Faculty of Mercu Buana University, Yogyaka*
112) Maria, et., al. (2012). The Measurement of Information Technology Performance In l:,a;
Education Institutions in The Context of Achieving Institutional Business Goals Using COBIT
Version 4.1: Case Studi Satya Wacana ChristianUniversity Salatiga. Journal of Art, Sci
Researchers World, Vo1 III, Issue-3(3), 9-19.
[13] Moertini, V.S dan Tim Program-1 PHK K-3 Unpar. (2006). Perancangan Master Plan Paagiaum
mendukung Penjaminan Mutu Perguruan Tinggi Studi Kasus: Unpar. Seminar Nasional
Perguruan Tinggi dan Sistem Pangkalan Data Pendukungnya. Bandung:22 December 2005
[14] Mutyarini and Sembiring. (2006). Arsitektur Sistem Informasi Untuk Institusi Perg::rum.
Indonesia. Conference proceeding of ICT for Indonesia, Bandung: 3-4May 2006.
[15] O'donnell, E. (2004). Discussion of Director Responsibility for IT Govemance: A Persp,+;::rt
Intemational Journal of Accounting lnformation Systems 5: p 101-04.
(2004). IT Governance Global Status Report. IT Govemance lnsi:se
PricewaterHouseCooper.
[16]
(2009).
Suryani,
Arie,
Ardiyanti.
Pengembangan Model IT Governance pada Organisasi Perguman T-nomt
[17]
COBIT 4.0 Domain PO dan AI. National Seminar on hformation technology, YogSrakarta: 23 Ma1 l-tlilu
[18] Tjiptono, Fandy. (2001). Strategi Pemasaran. First Edition. Andi Ofset.Yogyakarta
[9] Yanuar and Maria. (2012). Audit Sistem Informasi Akademik Perguruan Tinggi X meneg:
Domain Deliver and Support. Journal of District Accounting and Finance.vol2, no 1, Sep:
**
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**
Vol.- III, Issue -
4
(Clf) : O.3?E
IJMsf
1Hil1i,;::i
ruDIAN JOURruAL OF
fiNNruNGEfiNEruT SCIEruCE
Volume - lll
Issue - 4
October 2013
bO Ulrich's Directory, U5A
.C cabell Publishing, USA
lndex Copernicus lnternational, Poland
Georgetown University Library, U5A
Journal5eek
Clobal lmpact Factor, Australia
X
-p
p
=
r:- ERI'I
PwbLLcatLows
'-:xtr
{\
JouRNar,
or MaNacEMENT Scrcxco (IJMS)
EISSN 2231.-279X _ISSN 2249_0280 55
THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR
4CSF) OF THE ACADEMIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN HIGHER
EDUCATION USING COBIT FRAMEWORK VERSION 4.1
(CASE STUDY: HIGHER EDUCATION
IN SALATIGA, CENTRAL JAVA)
Evi Maria,
Faculty of Information Technology
Satya Wacana Christian University, Indonesia.
Charitas Fibriani,
Lina Sinatra Wijaya,
Faculty of Information Technology
Sana Wacana Christian University, Indonesia.
Faculty of Information Technology
Satya Wacana Christian University, Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
Institutions of Higher Education are required to develop a good business strategy one of them
by
,
utilizing advances in information technology (IT). IT processes need to be measurld to determine
the
level of maturity of the implementation. Measurement of IT processes in higher education can be
done
using the COBIT Framework. Higher education institutioni need to do an identification
Brocess on
Critical Success Factors (CSF) of IT process first before doing the performance measurabie process.
CSF mapping results of IT processes in higher institutions in Salatiga, shows that the level of
IT
maturity scale is above 2 (repeatable) out of 5. The Highest value is on aspects of IT resources for
frrancing the IT investment. The lowest value is on aspects of ensuring the quality of the system,
because the higher institutions in Salatiga do not have a specific training program foi users
to run the
applications of information systems. The mapping results showed that thl aspects of managerial
and
s)'stem need to be a major concern for the head of the higher institutions in Saiatiga when these
higher
institutions will establish and develop the Academic System information
Keywords: Academic information system, Critical Success Factors, maturity level, COBIT.
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lntroduction:
Excellent service in an organization has become a liability. One of the excellent services is to satisfl'c
with professionally qualified service competence with the characteristics of transparency, accounrah:-q,,
conditional (Tjiptono, 2001). In order to improve operational efficiency and quality of service to cr
institutions of Higher Education (PT) is also required to develop a good business strategy, and one of them
utilizing advances in information technology (IT). The use of IT in higher educations should be s1'st:,
considered and planned, considering that generally the institution is a non-profit organization, while the tcrs
that the implementation of IT requires a relatively high cost (PWC, 2004, Applegate et a1.,2003).
Salatig4 in Central Java has four higher educational institutions which have an operational permL :f
establishment of study programs from the Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTI ) and has been ac:
by the National Accreditation Board of Higher Education (BAN-PT). As for targeted higher educatior-. m
research are Satya Wacana Christian University (SWCU), AMA-School of Economics (stie AMA.r. -r:
Academy of Midwifery (AKBID Ar-Rum), and Bhakti Nusantara-Academy of Midwifery (f{usantar:
AKBID). The use of computers, internet technology and Information System in doing all the activities thrc'u
unit of work is a form using IT in these higher educational institutions. These institutions have to make <
develop the service for the academic information system which is complete, accurate, current, safe, consi:iemand relevant. This is done in order to create user loyalty, improve effectiveness and efficiency of resource use"
For university leaders and partner, IT management becomes one of the Critical Success Factor (CSI'
management of the higher educational institutions (Henderi,2010). The complexity of the applicatio:-;lr
mr
these institutions makes the heads of the various levels in the institutions and stakeholders have dilr
understand, create and implement IT governance. This is because the higher educational institutions in
have no special model of the basic framework when they build the Academic Information System @lul uur
Sembiring, 2006). As a result, the benefits obtained by the use of IT for the universities are equal with tl--e ,
the incurred investments. Therefore, the university leader requires IT governance in order to e:sur(E
achievement of the plan and the alignment between IT strategy and business strategy of the institution. IfG*
states that the alignment process is done by measuring the related IT process using the COBIT 4.1
(Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology) .
Measurement of IT processes in order to plan and alignment of business strategy using IT could be duu ifl
higher educational institution has already formulated and defined its critical success factor (CSF). CSF
important role for the progress of a company because of the demands of the business competition that r
company to have a clear vision and mission as well as practical steps to realize the goal. Additionzul.
success factor leads the company to measure its working performance, whethqr it is appropriate or r'"cr 1
2009). Seeing its importance, this research will identify the critical success factor on Academic System b::
in higher educational institutions in Salatig4 Central Java. Results of this study are expected to provide i:nrir
leaders of the institutions in Salatiga in designing and developing the Academic System Information. L
the results of this study are expected to provide direction for the implementation of IT in Higher
institutions in Salatiga in order to support the achievement of the organization's vision and mission.
Literature Review:
Academic Information Systems:
Academic Information System is an application used to record data from administration academic of ea::
starting from the entry (admission) to the exit (graduation). All university students have the right tt-, :e
access the application. The operation of this application is important to know and master by the studils
they can see the financial obligations that they should pay, register the course subjects, and see the resu: rd
,
study. (Yanuar and Maria,2012)
Cotrit Framework:
Control Objective for Information and related Technology, abbreviated COBIT, is designed as a :rxri
Governance to help in understanding and managing of risks, benefits and evaluation related to IT. COBIT !
has issued by the IT Governance Institute which is part of ISACA (Information System Audit an: I.
Association). COBIT guidelines consist of several directives, which are Control Objectives, Audit Guice
izational goali- trm
Management Guidelines. To provide information needed for companies to achieve
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: i.c.\ JOURNALoFMANAGEMENT ScTeNco (IJMS)
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' ::,:s of COBIT describes business requirements, process orientation and IT resource. COBIT framework
"
" -onsist of 34 high-level control objective, with each IT processes grouped into four major domains, namely:
: --:rins
and Organization (PO), includes strategy, tactics, and the identification of IT best way to make the
-
'1-mum contribution to the achievement of the organization's business objectives. The realization of the
-*;:35' needs to be planned, communicated and managed from a variety of different viewpoints. The
'*:-:mentation of the strategy should be accompanied by adequate infrastructure and can supportthe business
-':,'.,:ies of the organization
.
-::.:isition and Implementation (AI), the realization of the strategy which has been set, must be accompanied
" .:propriate IT solutions, then these IT solutions are conducted, implemented and integrated into the
-:-ization's business processes. This domain also includes changes and maintenance needed by the running
,:;x. to make sure the system life cycle is maintained.
-': ;'ery & Support, includes fulfillment process of the IT service, system security, continuity of service,
::-:-:rg and education for users, and the process ofthe ongoing data.
I ::-.i:oring, to maintain the quality of and compliance with the applicable control, the entire IT process should
". .,lervised and assessed their feasibility regularly. This domain focuses on the issue of controls implemented
, "::tl the organization, internal and external audit and independent assurance ofthe tests carried out .
'
'
-' Success Factors (CSF) serves as a guide to management in implementing controls to IT and its processes.
; j :r activity that can be strategic, technical, organizational, process or procedural
habits. CSF is generally
::
r : "'::d with the ability and expertise and should be short, focused and action-oriented and highly affect the
I -'::.i resources in a process. In measuring the performance of IT processes, COBIT uses two different
'r"
,;;-j;S : (1) Key Goal Indicators (KGI) is a measurement that indicates whether an IT process has met the
-::s requirements needed by the management. (2) Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a measurement that
u:'::---:l3S how well the performance of IT processes in order to support the achievement of IT goals. Key
"i
'
,,,i
-:3ltce Indicator will provide an overview of whether a goal will be achieved or not. Determination of target
,- - I:::s and performance indicators of the information system is carried out in order to control the activities so it
;riu" :;:antee that the goal of the IT process is achieved .
rr"- .
rr
'"r : tf rncept of it Maturity Model:
:'::it1' Model is a model used to
'li
measure the maturity level
:, -r;inert model adopted the Capability Maturity Model for
of IT management in an organization. This
software published by Software Engineering
r :--:. Carniege Mellon University. IT Maturity Model consists of five maturity levels of IT management,
:' ,i -,: ., g:: level 0 (non-existent), level I (initial), Ievel 2 (repeatable), level 3 (defined), level 4 (managed) and level
:..::ized). The higher the maturity level, the better the IT management Process, which indirectly means more
' r.i : --re IT support in the process of achievingthe organizational goal.
)'*,,j,r'1,:
q5 ReSeafCheS:
"-*
"R. (.2002) notes the
failure of implementation of Information Technology (IT) in Business Process of the
r'*'::.iucational institution is not due to technical factors but because of the non-technical issues that is the
r,,,,r*'." -actor, processes and work organization. Many people become resistant to the implementation of IT in
' --' . : : ducation (PT), so in order to overcome this condition, the role of the leader and also the IT manager are
r:
The) can managed the IT management that is needed to overcome the leadership role and encouragement
;-- .:rsity and IT management which can manage the IT management which is focused, structured and aligned
-:.: reeds of the organization. Therefore, for the leader of the institutions and the partners of the institutions ,
:-anagement are becoming as one of the Critical Success Factor (CSF) in the higher educational management
'::-::::. 1010)
: ducation has allocated large number of funds for investment in the field of IT. Moertini (2006) stated that
.. ' s * ::c number of students, employees (Lectures and administration staff), the amount of activity in a unit of time,
Lrr
.i: :umber of buildings and spaces, university is categorized as a large institution.
Indonesia, higher
L- .:. :':al institutions do not have the basic framework of specific models when making the academic Information
rtL:rl:'-
,r'
llll
'
'
In
"
':r'-:.
So
Mutyarini and Sembiring (2006) made an architectural model of Academic Information System. By
of Monash University using TOGAF in order to achieve the Three Dharma
.,,,-.::,-a the making the architecture
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University mission. While the COBIT Control Objective Framework used in the making the -{;a:euLLu
System because it fits with the characteristics of universities as a State Owned Legal Entitl. (3l. *-[';
the COBIT framework is not only used in architectural design of the information system. bui
= :mr
also measures the performance of the architecture of the information System.
O'Donnell, E, (2004) found that in order to build and measure the performance of IT , we can a::rr j,m
such as the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), ISOAEC 17799, COSO and [ ,l611l[i
research (2009) and Jusuf, Heni (2009) also uses COBIT to develop a model of IT Gcr:xrlgrluurl
Education with an argument that COBIT is made by using IT standards as a reference so thar :r sul;
development with the goal of the institution is guaranteed. Before the measurements is done. i: :
.
sampling of the IT process, then performed the translation process using ITIL, so that the IT Ci,*ts:i
obtaining the right to then measured using IT Maturity (Anugrah, 2008).
Maria (201l) found that SWCU has owned the internal control in each level COBIT IT process ;;Emrru* il
where the internal control provides assurance that academic services are performed br $m!6d
procedures that have been defined. IT management has been applied in SWCU, but it has not L,eer
well-structured method and approach. Maria and Fibriani (2012) found that the implemenul-:,. rf
Satya Wacana becomes important because STIBA Satya Wacana has done the managemer :i 11
institution. Evaluation results show that the overall maturity level of IT implementation is ar a i r.luts d
means that IT processes are running based on a certain pattem within the institution. The resulis :; ltmr
found that the process of PO4, PO8, AI7, DS2, DS6, DSl0 and ME3 is aprocess that has Lqe a1r5;
compared to other processes, so this process should get highly prioritized in improvemeu :im
processes
.
Research Methodology:
This research is a qualitative descriptive study which describes the phenomenon in a way that acru,a-J
or population by emphasizingthe importance of closeness to the people and the situation c:
so that researchers gain a clear understanding of reality and real-life conditions both q-xnili
quantitatively. This study will make the process of identification of Critical Success Factor (CSFr -,r ntrm"r
Information System (SI) in Higher Education (PT) using the COBIT Framework version 4.1.
This research is a case study conducted in some higher educational institution in Salatiga. The i:
as the study have the following criteria which have an operational permit of the establishment c,:
from the Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTI) and has been accredited by the Narionul
an event
Board of Higher Education (BAN-PT). Of determining the criteria finally we chose 1 H;Jrdr
institution-shaped as University, I higher educational institution-shaped as college and 2 iqm.
institutions-shaped as Academy. These higher educational institutions are Satya Wacana Ct:
(SWCU), AMA-School of Economics (stie AMA), Ar-Rum-Academy of Midwifery (AKBID +:
Bhakti Nusantara -Academy of Midwifery (Nusantara Bhakti AKBID).
The data used in this study consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data were sfr:i.Er
interviews with the leaders of each institution, Unit Technology and Information Systems is a :;
supervisor of Il and IT users the administrative staff, lectures and students based on the list of t-x
in accordance with the guidelines of the COBIT framework version 4.1. While the secondan'd,'mp
various reports and publications relevant to the study.
The phase of this study include: (1) conducting initial studies, conducting material searchel
research, literature study and standards that support the research topic, drafting questionna::=s
documents related to the duties and functions of the institutions that can produce informa:l:rr
stakeholders in the institutions, (2) establishing the IT Objectives in Higher Education and then d;
of the Critical Success Factors (CSF) of the IT Process in higher education which has the funci:ra
for the head of the higher education management in implementing controls to IT and its
COBIT Framework, (3) performing the mapping of CSF Information technology processes at ir:
Salatiga, (4) the final stage of the research will be: making conclusions and suggestions from aI
has been done.
Results and Discussion
:
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,
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illiltitrtril
.ll(:iLR\.{LOFMANAGEMENT SCIENCE
illllrillrnlrfl-nr{r:
.llll,
ll.,
,'l, --
(UMS)
EISSN 2281-279r_ISSN 2249_0280 b9
n of Business process in Higher Education:
:,':';i:"r:."j,::#:""1'-i'9Tll1,l?l
"',.
..1:L'i.'il::::l^'T,::j*l"to
J ils
u.y ;;t
:, _. -: :;':,:
.l! 3 n1i*
.o
nro.}{es educational services to the communiry. rhe business
j,traf
it *uin p.or"r.",
"rd;;;;#r,i*'i.lX'".1".'.1
;lit:1ry"
;"r"i'r i,lifi l;'ffi" ,tr1X fir:"j:".'"Hl
JI";T[J;hing, research
(2
).
tvpes:
and promotions
llil: financial administration, cooperation and externui."lutions,
*:
i,
i,r".-1,i";';;;;#'i,S)
which is being
:-l::#1"':::i*'j::::"jf:'::::,*:1111*
", p,ocess can
u,sine,s
.
'ti
,u*:
be carried ;;:d.#:i;
rl" H:i}#'*Y,:j:.:"0,*11t,::::11.^1,i":j,"d
l1,1tl.
sysrtrr, rs Known as Academlc
Academic
rnro,,,",io, iil;:il;#"ffi;ffiii:",:J:;
lntormation
System. Academic Information system
_,,;llljfJ:T::^?.'3,1t:ij,ITy,
."q,i,.a uv ,r,. ,i"r"r,"r0.,, the higher
1;.0fi'fff:,",:.":"jffiJ:"fl:.:::t::jh:.,1q":yli*
Iie stakeholders
of Higher Education ( Indrajit , 2006) are
a--;;l
I
Supplier
SMI( STlr,tetc
2. DIKTtr KOPERTIS
5.
1 below.
"r
Newuigherraucation
]
I
comp.titor ]
i
Univesity
]Other
|
I . SMQ
3.
4.
in Figure
Parents/Guardiatr
Business World
I
University st,den\
/
\
| \
'_
Co]muity
,-Customer \
/
substituts
]Tmining comes institution
| .Certihcation Instinrtions
ll
Business
World f
_,
I
I
Figure 1. Stakeholders in Higher Education (source: rnaralit,
zooo;
:
I
'r3r needs in Higher Education related to the need of Information- System (IS)
are divided into 3 groups: (a)
operations and higher educational management in tne
form
of
the
need
to improve productivity,
'' - :-;" and quality of the work, (b)
information servii for intemal and external interests of
higher education,
'rL ' : ;uality €Nsurance in the form of the need to provide data
and information that is useful for doing the quality
-.r. r- it and decision-making.
L'
-
ll* -- )harma
'"'i"
' - ::-i need of information
system, the architecture of Infibrmation Technology (IT)
in Higher Education is
::'1: into 3 (three) criteria, where each criteria
has supported business activitiies. These Criteria and activities
1' The role.of IT consists of the Academic Informatio"
svri.*
::l
activities, E-learni
.,_:.^::"*?,f.,1;;t#il':;";d;,ii-1*d'3:[T-1,':H#[TfJ:l'ihfi;"";lffii;fS,HiliX1:il:"I
inrormation.*d-l,ry;
::.::j,:,:Tl:::":j:'::T::.,i:"'^'1':: :*
l-*:1':;:::i'S.:r,1.ll],*:.1ccT1.and
DC & DRC (Data Center and
connectivity.
;
Ailil;;;,t""H;#'h[";;,"!;;.
Ir Security Management,
Disaster Recovery Center).
'-'_:ement,
vrrvrqfluy
Jvr YluE,
J.
poticy and Network
u*utification of critical success Factors (csF) from the
it Process at Higher Educations in salatiga, central
"t1t:
: -' :-ess goals in Higher Education were established by the head
of the institution using 4 perspective Balance
' ':-' Card (BSC)' Goals of the financial perspective is to have good and
transparent financial management so that
. i impact on the increase in profit, while goals related
to
the
improvement
of services and ensure that services
--"
'''jed are always on time and reliable so that the customer/user will get satisfaction are
goals
-"':
the
that are set
the perspective of the customer. Goals from the internal
perspectivels a commitment to always do the repair
':-: maintain the functions of the business processes and ensure the service given in a line with the internal policies
'::r applicable law so that the quality of sirvice is maintained. while_the goals of learning and growth perspective
'-: always do their innovation and dlvelop the human
resources in order to become a leader in the similar
business.
-:- relation to the efficiency and effectiveness of the existing
business processes requires the implementation of IT
in
*re Higher Education' Therefore the right business
strateg| is neeJeo to achieve business goals that have been
set.
Jue to the use of
the business strategy defi_ned.use.s +-"gsc tr
(Maria, et a1.,2012)
-r implementation in higher education has IT objectives, they ferspective
ful ensuring the existing
services to support
I!
*.,
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- ISSN
2249-0280
an increase in the quality of the academic program, (b) supporting the quality improvement of managemem
programs and institutions and (c) supporting the increased cooperation with industry
and other universities. In
to achieve the IT objective, the control of the IT processes is carried out. The conirol of the IT processes
in
orar
hi_eler
education uses COBIT framework as the basis. IT processes in higher education consists of four domains,
narr3l-I
Planning and Organization (PO), Acquisition and Implementation (ary, oelirrery and Support (DS) and Monitor;g
(ME) with a total of 34 sub-domains. These IT objectives are then used to detlrmine ttre Crlticat Success Factru-,*
(CSF) of the IT process in Higher Education. CSF determined in this study uses the COBIT Framework.
In gener:rthe results of CSF identification of IT processes in higher education are piesented in Table l. While the main fo,c-s
of each CSF identified in Table I are presented in Table 2.
Table
I
: The Identification of CSF results
of IT processes in general for higher education using COBIT
Critical Success f,'actors (CSF)
The existence of the unit that is responsible for the availability or rr se*icer
which have clearly defined IT goals and strategies
The existence of the Information system which is capable in giving IT
services that slrpport the process in higher education
The existence of the IT service continuity, which is able to snpport to the
business process in higher education.
The existence of the Management's attention towards the importance of a
reliable IT to support academic activities and processes of the supportins unit
Domain COBIT
4.1
Plan and Organise (PO)
Acquire and Implement (AI'r
Deliver and Support (DS)
Monitor and Evaluate (ME't
Table 2: The Identification of Main Focus CSF
Domain
PO
AI
Main Focus
CSF'
COBIT
Management and business
l.
System
2.
3.
4.
5.
Information System
support the process
Critical Success Factor
Establishing IT strategy in line with the strategy of the institution
Using optimally IT resources
Socializing IT objectives to all employees of the institution
Identifzing and managing IT risks
Evaluating the quality of IT systems in accordance with business
needs institutions
that
6. Ensuring any newly created IT project meets the business needs t-:
in
the institution
7. Ensuring IT projects completed on schedule and in accordance rr-ii
higher education
the set budget
8. Ensuring the new system works well when it is implemented
9. Ensuring the system changes without disrupting the ongoi-n.DS
ME
Continuitv of Service
Leadership
Commitment Support
business oDerations
Ensuring the benefits of the information used for users
11.
Ensuring the quality of the service
12.
Ensuring the quality of the system
10.
and
13.
14.
Ensuring the information quality
Ensuring the IT manasement
From the main focus of the CSF, the Table 3 below presents the results of mapping the critical factors that ,:r
relevant to the COBIT IT processes. Mapping of critical factors to the COBIT IT piocesses is carried out in orde: :r
measure the level of maturity of the internal process of IT implementation in Higher Education. The descriptior :,f
the maturity level of the internal process of IT implementation is described ur rrr, of automic statement in qL-.,,:r
each description level of maturity contains statements that may conclude whethei it is appropriate or nol !m{c
mostly appropriate or mostly inappropriate. Description of maturity level consists of six leveis (0 to 5) un-'nu
describes the level of reliability of the internal activities of the IT implementation, which are summarized :1,
ISACA on consensus of many expert opinions and various best practices in the field of information technology th=i
is generic and has been used as an international standard.
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Table 3. Mapping of crisis factors relevant to the COBIT
Critical
Main Focus
Factor
PO1 Define a Stratesic IT Plan
of the institution
IT Investment, PO7 Manage Human
AI5 Install and Accredit Svstems
PO4 Define the IT Organisation and relationship, PO6
PO5 Manage the
UsLng IT resources optimally
Socializing IT objectives to all employees ofthe institution
Identiftins
processes
COBIT IT Process
Success
in line with the stra
Establishi
IT
Communicate managelnent aims and direction
a
Evaluating the quality
of IT systems in accordance with
business
needs institutions
Fnsuring any newly created IT project meets the business needs
of
-.ne
institution
Ensuring IT projects completed on schedule and
in
accordance
:-,ith the set bud
:nsurinq the new system works well when it is
Insuring system changes without disrupting ongoing business
PO8 Ensure Complain With External Requirement
AI4 Develop and Maintain IT Procedures
POl0 Manage Pro.lects
A14 Develop and Maintain IT Procedures
aDeratlons
Frsuring the benefits ofthe information used for users
:nsuring the quality of the service
:nsuring the quality of the system
-
DS4 Ensure Continuous Service, DS8 Manage Service Desk
and Incidents
DS5 Ensure Systems Security, DS7 Educate and Train Users,
DS11 Manage Data, DS12 Manage the Physical Environment,
DSl3 Mana
the information
DSll
Manase Data, DS13 Manase Operations
ME4 Provide for Indeoendent Audit
(esults Mapping Critical Success Factors (CSF) from the
lr
,f
it
Process on Higher Education Salatiga, Central
a:
, ::a11. the level of maturity of information technology in higher education in Salatiga, Central Jav4 is above the
:,": I (repeatable) out of 5. The Highest value is on aspects of IT resources for financing the IT investment. The
: " 3sI yalue is on aspects of ensuring the quality of the system, because the higher institutions in Salatiga do not
i , . a specific training program for users to run the applications of information systems. Users use a trial and error
-,:::-lach when running the application, if it does not work (error) then users will ask for help from the IT service
.
: -:-.
'
I
"
ider units owned by each institution.
-:ing results showed that the aspects of managerial and system need to be a major concern for the head of the
institutions in Salatiga when they will establish and develop Academic System Information. What it meant
:le Managerial aspects of the institution is that the higher institutions in Salatiga need to have (l) quality of
:::i
management framework, (2) a mechanism for data security systems, information, and network
''-. -ce
--:1(mlcture,
(3) standard operating procedures (SOP) for IT operations, (4 ) mechanisms for supervision and
*:i:sment of IT performance, (5) The mechanism of IT management, (6) IT training and education programs on a
':.-,ar basis. While aspects of system, the institutions need to make a supervision system on the IT performance
--: .:r appropriate IT management system to support the business goals of the institution.
- ; oclusion:
-j:,:iiions of Higher Education are required to develop a good business strategy, one of them by utilizing the
-':, ::rces of information technology (IT). Ideally the higher education business processes run in an information
,::n (IS) using the integrated software/systems applications in the run. It is intended that the business process
.
:e carried out effectively and efficiently. IT Implementation in Higher Education has some objectives, they are
.'. ::isuring that the existing IT services can support the increase in the quality of the academic program, (b)
-::lning
the quality improvement of the management programs and institutions and (c) supporting the increased
,::eration with industry and other higher education. ln order to achieve IT objectives in higher education, so the
. -l-rl over IT processes using the COBIT framework as the basis is carried out. The measurement of IT processes
- -::er to plan and alignment of business strategy with iT, can be done if the higher institution has formulated and
-: ::nined the Critical Success Factors (CSF) .
:: napping results of IT processes in higher institutions in Salatiga, shows that the level of IT maturity scale is
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above 2 (repeatable) out of 5. The Highest value is on aspects of IT resources for financing the iT inr e'-mm,,
lowest value is on aspects of ensuring the quality of the system, because the higher institutions in 5s- irgp
have a specific training program for users to run the applications of information systems. Mapping resrf,s
that the aspects of managerial and system need to be a major concern for the head of the higher i
Salatiga when these higher institutions will establish and develop the Academic System Information.
Acknowledgements:
Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTD for funding this research on Competitive Grant
year 2013.
Schrrr
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