UNICEF Indonesia - Resources - Publications
UNICEF Indonesia
Country Office Annual Report 2011
Final
As uploaded to the Country Office Portal
31 January 2012
Annual Report 2011 – 31 Jan 2012, final version
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 2
Section 1 - Summary............................................................................................................................... 4
Executive Summary............................................................................................................................. 4
Country situation as affecting children and women ............................................................................. 5
Summary Notes and Acronyms ......................................................................................................... 10
Section 2 – Programme Analysis .......................................................................................................... 14
Country Programme Analytical Overview .......................................................................................... 14
Effective Advocacy ............................................................................................................................ 15
Capacity Development ...................................................................................................................... 17
Communication for Development ...................................................................................................... 19
Service Delivery ................................................................................................................................. 20
Strategic Partnerships ....................................................................................................................... 22
Knowledge Management ................................................................................................................... 24
Human Rights Based Approach to Cooperation ............................................................................... 25
Gender Equality ................................................................................................................................. 26
Environmental Sustainability ............................................................................................................. 27
South-South and Triangular Cooperation .......................................................................................... 28
Section 3 – Programme Components ................................................................................................... 29
Country Programme Component: Policy Advocacy and Partnerships for Children .......................... 29
Country Programme Component: Child Survival and Development ................................................. 34
Country Programme Component: Education and Adolescent Development .................................... 40
Country Programme Component: Child Protection ........................................................................... 46
Country Programme Component: Cross-sectoral costs .................................................................... 51
Section 4 - Operations & Management ................................................................................................. 55
Governance and Systems ................................................................................................................. 55
Effective use of information and communication technology ............................................................ 58
Financial Resources and Stewardship .............................................................................................. 59
Management of financial and other assets of the organization ......................................................... 60
Supply management.......................................................................................................................... 61
Human Resources ............................................................................................................................. 63
Other Issues ...................................................................................................................................... 64
Changes to AMP and CPMP ............................................................................................................. 65
Section 5 – Document Centre ............................................................................................................... 66
Evaluation .......................................................................................................................................... 66
Other Publications ............................................................................................................................. 68
Lessons Learned and Innovations .................................................................................................... 69
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Programme Documents..................................................................................................................... 72
Annex A ................................................................................................................................................. 73
Annex B ................................................................................................................................................. 73
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Annual Report 2011 – 31 Jan 2012, final version
SECTION 1 - SUMMARY
Executive Summary
2011, the first year of the GoI-UNICEF Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP) implementation,
focussed on strengthening analysis and evidence to a number of child-related indicators in which
Indonesia is seriously lagging behind Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets and where GoI
attention in terms of policy and allocation of resources to address access and quality of service
related bottlenecks is much needed.
To understand current inequities, UNICEF together with key government and research institutions
produced a number of first time original research and studies that include the i) Child Deprivation
Index for Indonesia at district level, ii) the Child Poverty Study, and iii) the Children and Climate
Change Study. The solid evidence from the joint GoI-UNICEF Health Investment Case, policy
mapping in selected districts, preliminary findings of a complementary situation analysis and policy
review on out-of-school children have contributed to reaching a common understanding with partners
on the underlying causes to suboptimal coverage of key social services.
UNICEF's high level advocacy resulted to the Government of Indonesia commitment to the global
Scaling Up Nutrition Movement (SUN) to reduce stunting in Indonesia by 5 per cent by 2015.
Demonstrating this commitment is UNICEF’s partnership with the Poverty Reduction Unit (PN2K)
under the Vice President’s Office to improve the nutrition status of children through Conditional Cash
Transfers (CCTs).
Through technical support and advocacy, UNICEF significantly advanced key national programmes
and initiatives. Critical milestones were also achieved towards the Validation of Maternal and
Neonatal Tetanus elimination. Regarding child protection, a first draft national law on Justice for
Children is being debated in Parliament.
In 2011, UNICEF enhanced partners’ capacity both at national and sub-national level on programming
in support of equity for children and women. This was done through multiple collaborations on
training, including on: i) health and equity, ii) social protection, iii) child budgeting, and iv) child
protection system building approach. UNICEF also successfully advocated for and trained the first
national Quick Reaction Team for Child Protection in Emergencies established by the Ministry of
Social Affairs (MoSA).
A new partnership with Nokia to support midwives demonstrated a significant change in the Indonesia
Country Office’s (ICO) engagement with the private sector. From a collaboration essentially geared
towards obtaining financial support from the private sector, this innovative initiative is based on a true
partnership where Nokia avails its capacity to communicate with mobile phone users to achieve a
common objective with UNICEF.
Resulting from review with partners and staff, the Office will have to systematically encourage more
integration and synergy among sectoral interventions and approaches in support of planning,
programming and budgeting for children to deliver sustainable results for children in accordance with
set strategies in the CPAP.
Finally, ICO’s institutional capacity to implement a systematic results-based planning and monitoring
system requires additional internal capacity development on results-based management based on the
equity monitoring framework which will have to be prioritized in 2012 to overcome the latter constraint.
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Country situation as affecting children and women
Country Situation
The year 2011 has been overall witness to continued stability within the framework of a democratic
and decentralized Indonesia. Indonesia has continued to assert its leadership in ASEAN and
participation in G 20 and at the international level especially through recognition for its commitment to
addressing climate change and disaster preparedness and response. However, the country has also
continued to face a number of systemic bottlenecks including serious disparities, corruption and
incidents challenging its historical and important legacy of pluralism and tolerance. There are efforts
by the Government as well as civil society and its partners to safeguard these values and restrict
infringements.
UNICEF has strengthened its work within the framework of the Country Programme with the
Government and other development partners to gather evidence on the situation of children and
especially with identification of marginalized groups of children, their key issues and
recommendations on the way forward. This has been done through the Situation Analysis, Child
Poverty Study, Out-of-School Children Study, the Health Investment Case for Children, YCSD Child
Deprivation Index, the MICS for Papua and West Papua and other such efforts. All of these
contributed to the Strategic Result Areas (SRA) baselines and monitoring. The Government has also
continued to collect information through SUSENAS, the socio-economic household survey, and has
publically in 2011 shared Census 2010 (http://sp2010.bps.go.id) related data. Such collaboration will
continue to further deepen existing data and information on children and highlight underlying causes
of various inequities to be addressed in the remainder of the Country Programme Cycle.
Over the past decade, Indonesia has entered a phase of accelerated social, economic and political
change. Strong economic performance since the Asian financial crisis of 1998 has seen Indonesia
transiting from being a poor to being a middle-income country as well as decentralizing and transiting
to democracy. Nevertheless, still 13 per cent of Indonesians live below the poverty line and almost
half live around that line. This means that shocks such as a tsunami, volcanic eruption, displacement,
death in a family, loss of employment or a global or regional economic crisis could devastate the lives
of 120 million Indonesians who live on less than USD2 per day. Therefore, the central message of
recent UNICEF supported studies is the need to ensure that progress is achieved with equity for its
children and women regardless of their gender, place of residence, income status, educational
background or ethnicity.
According to the latest government MDG report (http://www.bappenas.go.id/node/118/2813/laporanpencapaian-mdgs-indonesia-2010/), four of the 35 indicators most directly associated with the welfare
of women and children have already been achieved, 20 are on track to be achieved, and 11 require
special attention and may not be achieved by 2015. One of the most significant improvements of the
past decade is that extreme poverty is retreating: the proportion of Indonesian population living on
less than USD 1/day fell from 20.6 per cent in 1990 to 5.9 per cent in 2008. Indonesia’s general
success is rooted in a strong economic recovery accompanied by a series of poverty reduction and
social protection programmes including working towards universal coverage of social insurance and
the development of conditional cash transfer programmes. Nevertheless, all such programmes have
room for further improvement in terms of their targeting, comprehensive implementation and intersectoral linkages.
There is now overwhelming evidence both internationally and in Indonesia that considering MDG
achievements through aggregate indicators is insufficient. Measuring average progress at the national
level in Indonesia conceals major inequalities at the sub-national level and overlooks the status of the
most vulnerable women and children. Additional measures that break national indicators down are
necessary to evaluate whether progress is taking place with equity. Poverty remains a major issue in
Indonesia. Fifty per cent of the population in Indonesia live on less than USD 1.75 per day,
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dangerously close to the poverty line (SMERU 2011). A large number of Indonesians lives in close
proximity to the poverty line. This population group has been shown to be vulnerable to external
shocks and can fall easily into poverty. There is a clear pattern of inter-provincial disparities with 16
out of 33 provinces under-performing compared to the national average and with high levels of
poverty concentrated in the eastern region of the archipelago. The proportion of population under the
poverty line is over ten times bigger in Papua (37.33 per cent) than it is in DKI Jakarta (3.62 per cent).
The above mentioned studies and findings, which are further discussed in the following sub-sections,
have been welcomed by the Government of Indonesia as well as other development partners. Intense
work has begun to integrate them into various policy frameworks and plans. They all highlight the
remaining work to be done to ensure all Indonesian children benefit with equity from the remarkable
progress achieved in the country over the past decade.
Overview on the most deprived children, families and groups in country
context
Factors that impact disadvantaged children include their family’s level of income, their geographical
location, and their parents’ education level. Children in eastern Indonesia face the greatest
deprivation while in terms of numbers the situation is more severe on Java Island. Deprivation
manifests itself in particular in terms of lack of access to quality health services and education, child
protection and social protection services and schemes, with all the consequent risks such as
morbidity, mortality, dropping out of especially junior and higher secondary education and exposure to
abuse and exploitation.
The Out-of-School Children Study (OOSC) on the magnitude, gaps, barriers and bottlenecks and
relevant policies and programmes regarding out-of-school children was supported by UNICEF and
involved both the Ministry of Education and Culture and the National Statistics Office (BPS). It
highlighted that around 2.5 million Indonesian children aged 7-15 years are currently out-of-school.
Disaggregated data also emphasize a variety of disparities within the education sector. Nearly half of
all children from poor families do not move to or attend junior secondary school - children from the
poorest households are four times more likely to be out of school than those in the richest. Of those
attending primary school, 18 per cent of rural children do not complete it or make the transition to
junior secondary, compared to 10 per cent of urban children. The probability of being out of school is
20 times higher for children whose mother has no education than for those whose mother has tertiary
education.
Data/Evidence
As mentioned above, in 2011, the Office has put a focus on and invested considerable resources in
collecting and analysing data and information on children and the various inequities and risks that
they face on a day to day basis in various locations in Indonesia. This has been done through the
Situation Analysis, Child Poverty Study, Out-of-School Children Study, Health Investment Case for
Children, YCSD Child Deprivation Index, MICS for Papua and West Papua and other such efforts. All
of these contributed to the SRA monitoring. Among the most significant analyses were the following:
Ground-breaking research by the Indonesian research institute SMERU - commissioned by UNICEF has explored the child dimensions of poverty in Indonesia. Preliminary results show that in 2009
around 44.3 million Indonesian children lived on less than USD 2 PPP/capita/day, of which 13.8
million lived below the national poverty line and 8.4 million in extreme poverty. Children are
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proportionately more affected by poverty than any other group: In 2009, 8.55 per cent of the overall
population lived on less that USD 1 PPP/capita/day, but the figure for children is 10.63 per cent.
Similarly, 50.65 per cent of the overall population lived on USD 2 PPP/capita/day, but 55.78 per cent
of all children. The research by SMERU identifies two distinct sets of geographical priority areas for
poverty reduction interventions. The highest number of poor children are concentrated in East,
Central and West Java, accounting for 48 per cent of the 8.4 million of children living in extreme
poverty. By contrast the highest poverty rates are to be found in the eastern provinces with over 20
per cent of children growing up in extreme poverty. In the study, 55.78 per cent of Indonesian children
were found to experience economic deprivation. The two most frequent deprivation combinations are
sanitation and income (31.52 per cent), followed by shelter and income (28.31 per cent).
UNICEF has also supported a Young Child Survival and Development situational analysis in
Indonesia, providing disaggregated data through a child deprivation index (CDI) at provincial and
district level. Using available data mostly from latest Government surveys, the index has
encompassed primary school net attendance, skilled birth attendance, DPT3 immunization coverage,
stunting, poverty levels, and birth registration coverage. The CDI enabled to categorize provinces in
three categories: high, medium and low levels of deprivation both in width and depth. The top four
provinces under the category of high deprivation are: West Sulawesi, NTT, Maluku, and Papua while
the lowest is Jogjakarta. Within some of the provinces worst deprivation occurs in pockets, the high
burden of which occurs in big populations.
UNICEF also supported an Out-of-School Children study, released in 2011, aiming at improving
information and analysis regarding out-of-school children and developing complex profiles of these
children reflecting the multiple deprivations and disparities they face in relation to education. The
exercise also identified barriers and bottlenecks that explain the dynamic and causal processes of
children being out of school, and analysed existing interventions related to enhanced school
participation.
Monitoring and Evaluation
UNICEF continues to monitor and track the situation of children through working towards a more
systematic and institutionalized approach towards the generation, analysis, dissemination and
utilization of data and information on children. This has begun and will continue through support to the
“knowledge sector”, the BPS, Bappenas, line ministries and relevant departments at sub-national
level, as well as networks of researchers and evaluators. UNICEF continues to work with the VicePresident’s Office for Poverty Reduction to support overall monitoring and strengthening of Poverty
Reduction and Social Protection measures, as well as with UN sister agencies within the umbrella of
the UNPDF M&E Framework.
Internally, the Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation Plan (IMEP) coordinated by the Social Policy and
Monitoring cluster informed monitoring and evaluation activities. As 2011 was the first year of the new
country programme, a number of surveys and studies which are reported under sections 3 and 5 of
this report were undertaken to establish baselines and inform programme design. The ICO also
worked on improving results-based monitoring of the country programme as well as aligning
intermediate results with corporate strategic result areas (SRAs). The Office is working on
standardized and integrated tools to support results-based monitoring at sub-national level in close
coordination with national partners. Initial steps were taken to operationalize the equity monitoring
framework with progress being made on refining existing analysis at Level 1. As the latter work has
been spearheaded by the CSD cluster there is a need to integrate other priority sectors and
programmes in this analysis. Challenges faced in strengthening internal monitoring mechanisms
relate to the existence of distinct monitoring systems and tools for application at various levels of
monitoring and how to integrate these into one system. There is also insufficient institutional capacity
to implement a systematic results-based planning and monitoring system. Additional internal capacity
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development on results-based management based on the equity monitoring framework will have to be
prioritized next year to overcome the latter constraint.
Within the UN Country Team as a result of UNICEF advocacy the inter-agency M&E group was
revived. The Working Groups of the United Nations Programme Development Framework (UNPDF),
supported by the M&E group focused on streamlining the monitoring and evaluability of UN
interventions with baselines being established for planned results. UNICEF chairs the Social Services
Working Group while co-chairing or actively participating in the Disaster Risk Reduction and
Resilience, Climate Change and Environment, Sustainable Livelihoods and Governance working
groups as well as the Social Protection, Human Rights, Gender and HIV sub-groups. Progress of the
working groups has been affected by agencies’ disparate levels of understanding of results-based
management, limited participation and commitment from some agencies and limited M&E capacity
among the agencies.
While no major evaluations were planned in 2011 as the first year of the new Country Programme, the
Office strived to strengthen the evaluation function by assigning responsibilities and discussion of
overall systems for improving the planning, design and follow up of evaluations, including criteria for
prioritizing evaluations.
Support to Partners
Support for generation of evidence is a key pillar of the CPAP 2011-2015 and a cross-cutting strategy
entailing the development of stronger M&E capacities of implementing partners, particularly at subnational level where routine data collection, analysis and use is limited. As already mentioned,
UNICEF has worked with and supported BPS, Bappenas, line ministries and relevant departments at
the sub-national level, as well as networks of researchers and evaluators. UNICEF is and will
continue to work with the Vice-President’s Office for Poverty Reduction to support overall monitoring
and strengthening of Poverty Reduction and Social Protection measures, as well as with UN sister
agencies within the umbrella of the UNPDF M&E Framework.
In 2011 UNICEF took a number of specific steps to strengthen national M&E systems. Indonesia has
well-developed and functional national data collection systems covering demographic, social and
economic sectors. Processes aimed at improving analysis and use of existing data and information
from the key data systems, i.e. SUSENAS (annual socio-economic household survey), RISKESDAS
(tri-annual household health survey) and the population census are on-going. The output from this
exercise is a policy brief targeted at decision-makers within the President’s office, BPS, line ministries
and development partners supporting national data systems.
Technical and financial assistance was also provided to BPS to carry out the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Survey in Papua and West Papua provinces. The overall purpose of this MICS is twofold: (1) to
establish baselines for the new country programme in two of the most disadvantaged and hard-toreach provinces in support of equity-focused planning, monitoring and evaluation, and (2) to generate
lessons learnt which will be fed into to the design and implementation of SUSENAS. Other efforts at
sub-national level to strengthen routine data collection, analysis and use included development of
standardized and integrated monitoring tools, the creation of provincial DevInfo databases in Papua
and West Papua and capacity development of provincial and district staff on data management.
Government funding for these initiatives was secured in the above-mentioned provinces.
UNICEF also provided technical assistance to BPS in the dissemination of the 2010 population
results. Despite concerted effort and advocacy by UNICEF for the government to adopt CensusInfo
as a dissemination tool, the government in the end opted for a locally developed web-based
application which has similar features as CensusInfo but stops short of being a dynamic tool.
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On evaluation capacity development, UNICEF’s collaboration with a leading national research think
tank led to the establishment of a national research and evaluation network. A key mandate of the
network is to support national evaluation capacity development of member organizations with a view
to strengthening evidence-based policy making and country-led evaluations.
Challenges to national M&E capacity strengthening emanate from little demand for data and
evidence. Indonesia’s form of decentralizations is devolution and hence resource allocation lies with
the central government. As a result sub-national planning processes do not use data and evidence as
a basis for policy planning and policy making.
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Summary Notes and Acronyms
ACTMalaria
Asian Collaborative Training Network for Malaria
AMP
Annual Management Plan
ANHSS
Asia Network Capacity Building in Health Systems Strengthening
APBD
Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (Province/District Budget for
Revenue and Expenditure)
ASIA
Analisa Situasi Ibu Anak (situation analysis for children and women)
Bappeda
Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah (Province/District Planning and
Development Board)
Bappenas
Badan Perencana Pembangunan Nasional (National Planning and
Development Board)
BCP
Business Continuity Plan
BNPB
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (National Disaster Management
Agency)
BPBD
Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (Province/District Disaster
Management Agency)
BPS
Badan Pusat Statistics (National Statistics Office)
C4D
Communication for Development
CCCs
Core Commitments for Children
CCT
Conditional Cash Transfer
CDI
Child Deprivation Index
CFO
Chief of Field Office
CHANSYS
Community Health and Nutrition Systems Strengthening
C-IMCI
Community Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses
CMT
Country Management Team
CPAP
Country Programme Action Plan
CPiE
Child Protection in Emergencies
CPMP
Country Programme Management Plan
CSD
Child Survival and Development
CSO
Civil Society Organisation
DKI Jakarta
Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta (Special Capital Territory of Jakarta)
DPT3
Third dose of Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus Vaccine
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EAPRO
Regional Office for East Asia and the Pacific
ECD
Early Childhood Development
ERM
Enterprise Risk Management
ERP
Enterprise Risk Profile
GoI
Government of Indonesia
H4+
Health 4 plus (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UNFPA and UNAIDS)
ICO
Indonesia Country Office
ICT
Information, Communication and Technology
IMCI
Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses
IMEP
Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation Plan
IYCF
Infant and Young Child Feeding
KAP
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices
LTA
Long-term Agreement
M&E
Monitoring and Evaluation
MARYP
Most at Risk Young People
MCH
Maternal and Child Health
MDG
Millennium Development Goal
MICS
Multi Indicator Cluster Survey
MNCH
Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health
MoEC
Ministry of Education and Culture
MoH
Ministry of Health
MMN
Multiple Micronutrients
MoPW
Ministry of Public Works ?
MoRA
Ministry of Religious Affairs
MoSA
Ministry of Social Affairs
MoU
Memorandum of Understanding
MTR
Mid-term Review
MYWP
Multi Year Work Plan
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NAD
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (former name of the Province of Aceh, 2001 –
2009)
NGO
Non-governmental Organization
NTB
Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), a province in eastern
Indonesia
NTT
Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), a province in eastern Indonesia
OOSC
Out-of-School Children
ORE
Other Resources Emergency
PBA
Programme Budget Allotment
PLHIV
People Living with HIV/AIDS
PMI
Palang Merah Indonesia (Indonesian Red Cross)
PMTCT
Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission
Poltekkes
Politeknik Kesehatan (Health Polytechnic School)
PPP
Purchasing Power Parity
PPSP
Program Percepatan Sanitasi Permukinan (Accelerated Urban Sanitation
Development)
ProMs
Programme Management System (UNICEF software)
REACH
Reaching for Equity and Access in Child Health
RISKESDAS
Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Basic Health Survey), conducted by BPS
RR
Regular Resources
SOP
Standard Operating Procedure
SRA
Strategic Results Area
STBM
Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (Community-based Total Sanitation)
SUN
Scaling Up Nutrition
SUSENAS
Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (socio-economic household survey),
conducted by BPS
TOT
Training of Trainers
TRC
Quick Reaction Team
UN Cares
UN system-wide workplace programme on HIV
VISION
Virtual Integrated System of Information
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WASH
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
YCSD
Young Child Survival and Development
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SECTION 2 – PROGRAMME ANALYSIS
Country Programme Analytical Overview
Country Programme Analytical Overview
Support for generation of evidence is a key pillar of the CPAP 2011-2015 and a cross-cutting strategy
entailing the development of stronger M&E capacities of implementing partners, particularly at subnational level where routine data collection, analysis and use is limited. As already mentioned,
UNICEF has worked with and supported BPS, Bappenas, line ministries and relevant departments at
the sub-national level, as well as networks of researchers and evaluators. UNICEF is and will
continue to work with the Vice-President’s Office for Poverty Reduction to support overall monitoring
and strengthening of Poverty Reduction and Social Protection measures, as well as with UN sister
agencies within the umbrella of the UNPDF M&E Framework.
In 2011 UNICEF took a number of specific steps to strengthen national M&E systems. Indonesia has
well-developed and functional national data collection systems covering demographic, social and
economic sectors. Processes aimed at improving analysis and use of existing data and information
from the key data systems, i.e. SUSENAS (annual socio-economic household survey), RISKESDAS
(tri-annual household health survey) and the population census are on-going. The output from this
exercise is a policy brief targeted at decision-makers within the President’s office, BPS, line ministries
and development partners supporting national data systems.
Technical and financial assistance was also provided to BPS to carry out the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Survey in Papua and West Papua provinces. The overall purpose of this MICS is twofold: (1) to
establish baselines for the new country programme in two of the most disadvantaged and hard-toreach provinces in support of equity-focused planning, monitoring and evaluation, and (2) to generate
lessons learnt which will be fed into to the design and implementation of SUSENAS. Other efforts at
sub-national level to strengthen routine data collection, analysis and use included development of
standardized and integrated monitoring tools, the creation of provincial DevInfo databases in Papua
and West Papua and capacity development of provincial and district staff on data management.
Government funding for these initiatives was secured in the above-mentioned provinces.
UNICEF also provided technical assistance to BPS in the dissemination of the 2010 population
results. Despite concerted effort and advocacy by UNICEF for the government to adopt CensusInfo
as a dissemination tool, the government in the end opted for a locally developed web-based
application which has similar features as CensusInfo but stops short of being a dynamic tool.
On evaluation capacity development, UNICEF’s collaboration with a leading national research think
tank led to the establishment of a national research and evaluation network. A key mandate of the
network is to support national evaluation capacity development of member organizations with a view
to strengthening evidence-based policy making and country-led evaluations.
Challenges to national M&E capacity strengthening emanate from little demand for data and
evidence. Indonesia’s form of decentralizations is devolution and hence resource allocation lies with
the central government. As a result sub-national planning processes do not use data and evidence as
a basis for policy planning and policy making.
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Effective Advocacy
Deliberate efforts, based on demonstrated evidence, to directly and indirectly persuade decisionmakers, stakeholders and relevant audiences to support and implement actions that contribute to the
fulfilment of the rights of children and women, particularly the most vulnerable and excluded.
Rating
initiating action to meet benchmarks
Effective Advocacy
Successful advocacy resulted in a government commitment to expand school-based management
and national guidelines are currently under development. In Nusa Tenggara Timur, four district
governments issued local regulations in this area benefitting over 80,000 children in 520 schools, as
part of improving quality of learning and school management. As a part of the H4+ UNICEF is working
with its partners to improve the quality of care in maternal health. UNICEF has been involved in the
design and support of the upcoming implementation of the WHO-led initiative to assess quality of care
of maternal health services. This will then be used to work with the government on corrective action.
For further details see the section on the H4+. As a result of UNICEF’s advocacy, BNPB, the National
Disaster Management Agency, has agreed to not provide BMS for babies below six months in
disasters.
Advocacy with the Government has resulted in a public pledge by the Ministry of Health to commit
Indonesia to adhere to the global Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement. Continued efforts have been
made to support the strengthening of protection of women’s right to breastfeed, through high profile
engagement with Ministers and development of media materials on workplace breastfeeding.
UNICEF is supporting the Indonesian Children Rights Institute to develop an advocacy strategy for
adoption by Parliament of the revised Justice Law, which has improved provisions for children in line
with international standards.
In response to government and public concerns over young people accessing inappropriate content
through digital media, UNICEF successfully advocated for quality research to be undertaken, ahead
of any finalising of regulations, to ensure adequate evidence on use, opportunities and potential risks
of digital media for children, including convening a professional partnership between the Ministry of
Communication and Information and the Berkman Center for Digital Safety.
Changes in Public Policy
Throughout 2011, UNICEF advocated with and supported partners and the Government at national
and sub-national level to ensure that children’s rights were considered in legislation and other policy
initiatives.
At national level, these include for example the development of a National Plan of Action on Food and
Nutrition, aiming at reducing stunting by 5 per cent by 2015, a decree from the Ministry of Home
Affairs mandating districts to allocate funds for the USI (Universal Salt Iodization) programme,
Guidelines on Community Management of Acute Malnutrition, Community-based Total Sanitation,
technical guidelines for midwives and general practitioners in primary health centres and district
hospitals on MNH, and a MNH pocket book. Examples of policy work at sub-national level include the
following: In Aceh and Sabang, a Decree on Malaria Elimination and exclusive breastfeeding was
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issued, the budget for Posyandu operations was enhanced, and a District Food and Nutrition Action
Plan was drafted. In North Maluku, District Integrated Malaria Control was introduced and in Papua,
the Bupati (regent) of Jayapura passed a Malaria regulation. Also in Papua, funding for nutrition was
enhanced while in NTB a local regulation on community-based water supply and environmental
sanitation was issued.
In both NTT and East Java, Governor’s decrees on expanding access to ECD, especially for
vulnerable children, were issued. In Aceh, an ECD access strategy was drafted following a situation
analysis and evidence-based advocacy. An ECD cluster network was established in Aceh Timur to
promote knowledge sharing and improve the quality of services.
A Governor’s Regulation was issued in Papua, making HIV/AIDS education compulsory across all
levels of education.
After years of patient advocacy by UNICEF, the GoI is now recognizing the need to modernize social
workers, changing the nature of their work from a bureaucratic role to service delivery to families and
communities.
Good progress continues to be made in the area of Justice for Children. The Constitutional Court
declared the current minimum age of criminal responsibility (eight years) to be unconstitutional,
stating 12 years as the absolute minimum and the Justice Bill entered National Parliament. The
National Police have drafted an internal SOP on the handling of cases of children in contact with the
law in line with Juvenile Justice Draft law and are also drafting pre- and in-service training modules on
child protection. UNICEF Indonesia has succeeded in integrating concerns regarding violence in
Islamic schools into the agenda of MoRA.
Leveraging Resources
Please see section on fundraising and donor relations.
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Capacity Development
The process whereby people, organizations and society as a whole unleash, strengthen, create adapt
and maintain capacity over time.
Rating
mostly met benchmarks
Capacity Development
UNICEF Indonesia has had numerous and important capacity building activities at national and subnational level in 2011. These have had a strategic focus of supporting a greater understanding as well
as the development of the skills and competencies required to address equity issues within the CPAP
more effectively. Among the trainings and workshops for UNICEF staff and counterparts were the
following:
A training on poverty reduction, child poverty, and social protection, jointly organized by SMERU,
to which notable Indonesian speakers were invited. Information and analysis pertinent to
UNICEF's CPAP were shared.
UNICEF led several emergency-related trainings for the Government's relevant agency (BNPB)
as well as Clusters. These include: BNPB Senior Management Training, Head of Provincial
BPBD Training (for 30 provinces), Field Training Exercise (Maumere NTT), WASH Cluster
Coordination Workshop, Child Protection Rapid Assessment Training and Child Protection in
Emergency Training. While the National Disaster Management Agency coordinates most areas
related to emergency management, child protection has been largely overlooked. MoSA has
developed a rapid response team of 17 members from which members will be deployed to
coordinate the child protection response during emergencies by local government and civil
society. The team was trained in an intensive week long training exercise set in a fictitious
country. Throughout the week, hands on exercises enabled the participants to apply the theory
discussed in the training. The training culminated in an intensive all-day simulation activity
mirroring a likely emergency from natural disaster in Indonesia.
The Flagship Course on equity and Health Systems was held.
A bottleneck analysis training linked to the Investment case (IC) for financing equitable progress
towards MDGs 4 and 5 was held in October. Participants came from MoH, Bappenas,
Universities from Papua, Provincial Health Office Papua as well as from Bappeda Papua,
UNICEF Jakarta and Field Office staff. It is expected that all participants will facilitate bottleneck
workshops in Papua which are planned to take place in early 2012.
Capacity building at national and sub-national levels on the Child Protection Systems-building
approach was carried out. At sub-national level government-led participatory mapping exercises
of existing Child Protection Systems components took place which has increased government
ownership and leadership and resulted in the development of action plans and increasing state
budget allocations.
A number of UNICEF sub-offices have conducted training on M&E, ECD and education data
management and justice for children to their key Government counterparts beyond and above
what is already mentioned in this section.
There have been a number of study tours as part of UNICEF's capacity building efforts between
and within provinces, e.g. between Saban (Aceh), Wonosobo (Central Java) and Jembrana (Bali)
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in the area of disease outbreaks. To support capacity building in the area of Child Friendly Cities,
a delegation from Kupang travelled to Solo.
Training on child budgeting was conducted in South Sulawesi and Papua as part of UNICEF's
efforts to build capacity of both government and UNICEF staff to integrate child rights into the
government planning and budgeting processes.
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Communication for Development
A systematic, planned, evidence based strategic process that promotes positive and measurable
behaviour and social change; is intrinsically linked to programme sectors; uses consultation with and
participation of children, families, communities and networks; privileges local contexts; and relies on a
mix of communication tools, channels and approaches.
Rating
initiating action to meet benchmarks
Communication for Development
Work in 2011 focused on supporting systems and structures to strengthen capacity and coordination
on Communication for Development (C4D) and investigate potential innovations in delivery of C4D.
National C4D coordination mechanisms were supported within the Ministry of Health and Bappenas.
These structures will become a forum for sharing and building capacity to ensure future sustainability.
Similar structures have been supported in Aceh, Papua and West Papua.
Programmatic technical support was provided to the Health Promotion Unit of the Ministry of Health
(Promkes), and Bappenas – the latter specifically to undertake an assessment of the Government’s
Conditional Cash Transfer programme in two provinces. In South Sulawesi, the capacity of the
Promkes has been strengthened to conduct a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices study on
breastfeeding, as well as the development of radio programming. In Aceh, a similar study provides the
basis to address the issue of stunting next year and religious leaders are being mobilised to support
these efforts.
Strategic support to increase knowledge and improve counselling practices amongst midwives on
antenatal and young child care practices has been provided through use of cell phone technology,
developed in collaboration with Promkes and a cell phone manufacturer. Baseline research has been
conducted and customised content for midwives has been developed.
Moving into 2012, the work on capacity strengthening of government partners will be further
consolidated at the national and provincial levels. Technical support will be provided to developing a
behavioural and social change strategy to address demand side issues in the Conditional Cash
Transfer programme in relation to nutrition. Technical support will also be provided to the water,
sanitation and hygiene sector to develop behavioural change strategies at national and sub-national
levels, and strengthen capacity of cross-sector working groups in South Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara
Timur provinces. Technical support will be provided to develop a C4D strategy to address
immunization drop-out. Work will be initiated on a research framework for C4D to address equity
issues, and advocating for adequate resources for C4D with government counterparts.
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Service Delivery
An approach based on the assumption that success is dependent upon partner satisfaction and that
UNICEF's strategies including direct services, products and processes are valuable in relation to the
extent in which they benefit the most vulnerable children.
Rating
mostly met benchmarks
Service Delivery
The CSD Cluster continued to support strengthening of technical capacity of partners on service
delivery for MNC health, nutrition and WASH services at all levels with an emphasis on priority
districts.
Ten high risk districts in Papua received both technical and operational support to provide
supplementary tetanus vaccinations to women of reproductive age. Together with promotion of clean
deliveries, this will help increase immunity against maternal and neonatal tetanus. Twenty priority
districts with the largest numbers of unvaccinated children in Central and East Java had their staff
reoriented and mentored on Reaching Every District micro-planning, mapping of unreached children,
outreach sessions planning, supervision and implementation.
UNICEF supported six districts in establishing Maternity Waiting Homes and institutionalising ongoing home visits by cadres and village midwives to support the household to hospital continuum of
care approach.
Community-based IMCI service points and mother-support groups for breastfeeding have been
established in more than 120 villages serving as models for effective community-based health
intervention strategies in scaling up core child survival interventions. A total of 929 community health
workers have been trained to promote key family practices and to identify, classify, treat and refer sick
children with diarrhoea, pneumonia and malaria. Supervisory structures and mechanisms were
established to ensure effective quality services, especially with strong collaboration and partnerships
between local governments and NGO implementing partners.
Quality assurance for malaria diagnosis training in Jayapura was attended by malaria district crosscheckers, participants from Research Centre & Development, hospitals, and the Regional Health
Laboratory. As follow-up, UNICEF will support districts that plan training for malaria microscopists in
health centres using APBD funds (District Budget for Revenue and Expenditure), e.g. Boven Digul, for
which UNICEF will support a good resource person’s attendance.
The EAD Cluster continued to support strengthening of technical capacity of partners on service
delivery for education services at all levels with an emphasis on priority districts.
In Tanah Papua, the school-based management framework was strengthened resulting in an
improved quality of education for children in almost 500 schools across six districts. Seventy “model”
schools were supported to become centres of excellence for replication purposes. Contextual earlygrade and multi-grade packages for teachers were developed to ensure that all children are able to
access quality educational services. In addition, comprehensive learning materials on HIV/AIDS and
life skills are currently being used in over 590 elementary, junior and senior high schools.
In Central and East Java Provinces, UNICEF supported 28 ECD Centres in the poor villages
benefiting more than 1,400 children age two-six. In addition, nearly 1,000 children below two years old
received the service through their parents from parental training session. Training on Holistic
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Integrative ECD was provided to more than 168 ECD cadres. Social mobilisation and advocacy were
conducted to support the implementation of pro poor ECD services, reaching over 650 stakeholders
at sub-national level.
Over 11,000 children (6,044 girls and 5,534 boys) are benefiting from improved inclusive sports,
physical education and play programme in Pasuruan, Bone, Jakarta and Subang.
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Strategic Partnerships
Voluntary and collaborative relationships be
Country Office Annual Report 2011
Final
As uploaded to the Country Office Portal
31 January 2012
Annual Report 2011 – 31 Jan 2012, final version
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 2
Section 1 - Summary............................................................................................................................... 4
Executive Summary............................................................................................................................. 4
Country situation as affecting children and women ............................................................................. 5
Summary Notes and Acronyms ......................................................................................................... 10
Section 2 – Programme Analysis .......................................................................................................... 14
Country Programme Analytical Overview .......................................................................................... 14
Effective Advocacy ............................................................................................................................ 15
Capacity Development ...................................................................................................................... 17
Communication for Development ...................................................................................................... 19
Service Delivery ................................................................................................................................. 20
Strategic Partnerships ....................................................................................................................... 22
Knowledge Management ................................................................................................................... 24
Human Rights Based Approach to Cooperation ............................................................................... 25
Gender Equality ................................................................................................................................. 26
Environmental Sustainability ............................................................................................................. 27
South-South and Triangular Cooperation .......................................................................................... 28
Section 3 – Programme Components ................................................................................................... 29
Country Programme Component: Policy Advocacy and Partnerships for Children .......................... 29
Country Programme Component: Child Survival and Development ................................................. 34
Country Programme Component: Education and Adolescent Development .................................... 40
Country Programme Component: Child Protection ........................................................................... 46
Country Programme Component: Cross-sectoral costs .................................................................... 51
Section 4 - Operations & Management ................................................................................................. 55
Governance and Systems ................................................................................................................. 55
Effective use of information and communication technology ............................................................ 58
Financial Resources and Stewardship .............................................................................................. 59
Management of financial and other assets of the organization ......................................................... 60
Supply management.......................................................................................................................... 61
Human Resources ............................................................................................................................. 63
Other Issues ...................................................................................................................................... 64
Changes to AMP and CPMP ............................................................................................................. 65
Section 5 – Document Centre ............................................................................................................... 66
Evaluation .......................................................................................................................................... 66
Other Publications ............................................................................................................................. 68
Lessons Learned and Innovations .................................................................................................... 69
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Programme Documents..................................................................................................................... 72
Annex A ................................................................................................................................................. 73
Annex B ................................................................................................................................................. 73
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SECTION 1 - SUMMARY
Executive Summary
2011, the first year of the GoI-UNICEF Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP) implementation,
focussed on strengthening analysis and evidence to a number of child-related indicators in which
Indonesia is seriously lagging behind Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets and where GoI
attention in terms of policy and allocation of resources to address access and quality of service
related bottlenecks is much needed.
To understand current inequities, UNICEF together with key government and research institutions
produced a number of first time original research and studies that include the i) Child Deprivation
Index for Indonesia at district level, ii) the Child Poverty Study, and iii) the Children and Climate
Change Study. The solid evidence from the joint GoI-UNICEF Health Investment Case, policy
mapping in selected districts, preliminary findings of a complementary situation analysis and policy
review on out-of-school children have contributed to reaching a common understanding with partners
on the underlying causes to suboptimal coverage of key social services.
UNICEF's high level advocacy resulted to the Government of Indonesia commitment to the global
Scaling Up Nutrition Movement (SUN) to reduce stunting in Indonesia by 5 per cent by 2015.
Demonstrating this commitment is UNICEF’s partnership with the Poverty Reduction Unit (PN2K)
under the Vice President’s Office to improve the nutrition status of children through Conditional Cash
Transfers (CCTs).
Through technical support and advocacy, UNICEF significantly advanced key national programmes
and initiatives. Critical milestones were also achieved towards the Validation of Maternal and
Neonatal Tetanus elimination. Regarding child protection, a first draft national law on Justice for
Children is being debated in Parliament.
In 2011, UNICEF enhanced partners’ capacity both at national and sub-national level on programming
in support of equity for children and women. This was done through multiple collaborations on
training, including on: i) health and equity, ii) social protection, iii) child budgeting, and iv) child
protection system building approach. UNICEF also successfully advocated for and trained the first
national Quick Reaction Team for Child Protection in Emergencies established by the Ministry of
Social Affairs (MoSA).
A new partnership with Nokia to support midwives demonstrated a significant change in the Indonesia
Country Office’s (ICO) engagement with the private sector. From a collaboration essentially geared
towards obtaining financial support from the private sector, this innovative initiative is based on a true
partnership where Nokia avails its capacity to communicate with mobile phone users to achieve a
common objective with UNICEF.
Resulting from review with partners and staff, the Office will have to systematically encourage more
integration and synergy among sectoral interventions and approaches in support of planning,
programming and budgeting for children to deliver sustainable results for children in accordance with
set strategies in the CPAP.
Finally, ICO’s institutional capacity to implement a systematic results-based planning and monitoring
system requires additional internal capacity development on results-based management based on the
equity monitoring framework which will have to be prioritized in 2012 to overcome the latter constraint.
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Country situation as affecting children and women
Country Situation
The year 2011 has been overall witness to continued stability within the framework of a democratic
and decentralized Indonesia. Indonesia has continued to assert its leadership in ASEAN and
participation in G 20 and at the international level especially through recognition for its commitment to
addressing climate change and disaster preparedness and response. However, the country has also
continued to face a number of systemic bottlenecks including serious disparities, corruption and
incidents challenging its historical and important legacy of pluralism and tolerance. There are efforts
by the Government as well as civil society and its partners to safeguard these values and restrict
infringements.
UNICEF has strengthened its work within the framework of the Country Programme with the
Government and other development partners to gather evidence on the situation of children and
especially with identification of marginalized groups of children, their key issues and
recommendations on the way forward. This has been done through the Situation Analysis, Child
Poverty Study, Out-of-School Children Study, the Health Investment Case for Children, YCSD Child
Deprivation Index, the MICS for Papua and West Papua and other such efforts. All of these
contributed to the Strategic Result Areas (SRA) baselines and monitoring. The Government has also
continued to collect information through SUSENAS, the socio-economic household survey, and has
publically in 2011 shared Census 2010 (http://sp2010.bps.go.id) related data. Such collaboration will
continue to further deepen existing data and information on children and highlight underlying causes
of various inequities to be addressed in the remainder of the Country Programme Cycle.
Over the past decade, Indonesia has entered a phase of accelerated social, economic and political
change. Strong economic performance since the Asian financial crisis of 1998 has seen Indonesia
transiting from being a poor to being a middle-income country as well as decentralizing and transiting
to democracy. Nevertheless, still 13 per cent of Indonesians live below the poverty line and almost
half live around that line. This means that shocks such as a tsunami, volcanic eruption, displacement,
death in a family, loss of employment or a global or regional economic crisis could devastate the lives
of 120 million Indonesians who live on less than USD2 per day. Therefore, the central message of
recent UNICEF supported studies is the need to ensure that progress is achieved with equity for its
children and women regardless of their gender, place of residence, income status, educational
background or ethnicity.
According to the latest government MDG report (http://www.bappenas.go.id/node/118/2813/laporanpencapaian-mdgs-indonesia-2010/), four of the 35 indicators most directly associated with the welfare
of women and children have already been achieved, 20 are on track to be achieved, and 11 require
special attention and may not be achieved by 2015. One of the most significant improvements of the
past decade is that extreme poverty is retreating: the proportion of Indonesian population living on
less than USD 1/day fell from 20.6 per cent in 1990 to 5.9 per cent in 2008. Indonesia’s general
success is rooted in a strong economic recovery accompanied by a series of poverty reduction and
social protection programmes including working towards universal coverage of social insurance and
the development of conditional cash transfer programmes. Nevertheless, all such programmes have
room for further improvement in terms of their targeting, comprehensive implementation and intersectoral linkages.
There is now overwhelming evidence both internationally and in Indonesia that considering MDG
achievements through aggregate indicators is insufficient. Measuring average progress at the national
level in Indonesia conceals major inequalities at the sub-national level and overlooks the status of the
most vulnerable women and children. Additional measures that break national indicators down are
necessary to evaluate whether progress is taking place with equity. Poverty remains a major issue in
Indonesia. Fifty per cent of the population in Indonesia live on less than USD 1.75 per day,
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dangerously close to the poverty line (SMERU 2011). A large number of Indonesians lives in close
proximity to the poverty line. This population group has been shown to be vulnerable to external
shocks and can fall easily into poverty. There is a clear pattern of inter-provincial disparities with 16
out of 33 provinces under-performing compared to the national average and with high levels of
poverty concentrated in the eastern region of the archipelago. The proportion of population under the
poverty line is over ten times bigger in Papua (37.33 per cent) than it is in DKI Jakarta (3.62 per cent).
The above mentioned studies and findings, which are further discussed in the following sub-sections,
have been welcomed by the Government of Indonesia as well as other development partners. Intense
work has begun to integrate them into various policy frameworks and plans. They all highlight the
remaining work to be done to ensure all Indonesian children benefit with equity from the remarkable
progress achieved in the country over the past decade.
Overview on the most deprived children, families and groups in country
context
Factors that impact disadvantaged children include their family’s level of income, their geographical
location, and their parents’ education level. Children in eastern Indonesia face the greatest
deprivation while in terms of numbers the situation is more severe on Java Island. Deprivation
manifests itself in particular in terms of lack of access to quality health services and education, child
protection and social protection services and schemes, with all the consequent risks such as
morbidity, mortality, dropping out of especially junior and higher secondary education and exposure to
abuse and exploitation.
The Out-of-School Children Study (OOSC) on the magnitude, gaps, barriers and bottlenecks and
relevant policies and programmes regarding out-of-school children was supported by UNICEF and
involved both the Ministry of Education and Culture and the National Statistics Office (BPS). It
highlighted that around 2.5 million Indonesian children aged 7-15 years are currently out-of-school.
Disaggregated data also emphasize a variety of disparities within the education sector. Nearly half of
all children from poor families do not move to or attend junior secondary school - children from the
poorest households are four times more likely to be out of school than those in the richest. Of those
attending primary school, 18 per cent of rural children do not complete it or make the transition to
junior secondary, compared to 10 per cent of urban children. The probability of being out of school is
20 times higher for children whose mother has no education than for those whose mother has tertiary
education.
Data/Evidence
As mentioned above, in 2011, the Office has put a focus on and invested considerable resources in
collecting and analysing data and information on children and the various inequities and risks that
they face on a day to day basis in various locations in Indonesia. This has been done through the
Situation Analysis, Child Poverty Study, Out-of-School Children Study, Health Investment Case for
Children, YCSD Child Deprivation Index, MICS for Papua and West Papua and other such efforts. All
of these contributed to the SRA monitoring. Among the most significant analyses were the following:
Ground-breaking research by the Indonesian research institute SMERU - commissioned by UNICEF has explored the child dimensions of poverty in Indonesia. Preliminary results show that in 2009
around 44.3 million Indonesian children lived on less than USD 2 PPP/capita/day, of which 13.8
million lived below the national poverty line and 8.4 million in extreme poverty. Children are
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proportionately more affected by poverty than any other group: In 2009, 8.55 per cent of the overall
population lived on less that USD 1 PPP/capita/day, but the figure for children is 10.63 per cent.
Similarly, 50.65 per cent of the overall population lived on USD 2 PPP/capita/day, but 55.78 per cent
of all children. The research by SMERU identifies two distinct sets of geographical priority areas for
poverty reduction interventions. The highest number of poor children are concentrated in East,
Central and West Java, accounting for 48 per cent of the 8.4 million of children living in extreme
poverty. By contrast the highest poverty rates are to be found in the eastern provinces with over 20
per cent of children growing up in extreme poverty. In the study, 55.78 per cent of Indonesian children
were found to experience economic deprivation. The two most frequent deprivation combinations are
sanitation and income (31.52 per cent), followed by shelter and income (28.31 per cent).
UNICEF has also supported a Young Child Survival and Development situational analysis in
Indonesia, providing disaggregated data through a child deprivation index (CDI) at provincial and
district level. Using available data mostly from latest Government surveys, the index has
encompassed primary school net attendance, skilled birth attendance, DPT3 immunization coverage,
stunting, poverty levels, and birth registration coverage. The CDI enabled to categorize provinces in
three categories: high, medium and low levels of deprivation both in width and depth. The top four
provinces under the category of high deprivation are: West Sulawesi, NTT, Maluku, and Papua while
the lowest is Jogjakarta. Within some of the provinces worst deprivation occurs in pockets, the high
burden of which occurs in big populations.
UNICEF also supported an Out-of-School Children study, released in 2011, aiming at improving
information and analysis regarding out-of-school children and developing complex profiles of these
children reflecting the multiple deprivations and disparities they face in relation to education. The
exercise also identified barriers and bottlenecks that explain the dynamic and causal processes of
children being out of school, and analysed existing interventions related to enhanced school
participation.
Monitoring and Evaluation
UNICEF continues to monitor and track the situation of children through working towards a more
systematic and institutionalized approach towards the generation, analysis, dissemination and
utilization of data and information on children. This has begun and will continue through support to the
“knowledge sector”, the BPS, Bappenas, line ministries and relevant departments at sub-national
level, as well as networks of researchers and evaluators. UNICEF continues to work with the VicePresident’s Office for Poverty Reduction to support overall monitoring and strengthening of Poverty
Reduction and Social Protection measures, as well as with UN sister agencies within the umbrella of
the UNPDF M&E Framework.
Internally, the Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation Plan (IMEP) coordinated by the Social Policy and
Monitoring cluster informed monitoring and evaluation activities. As 2011 was the first year of the new
country programme, a number of surveys and studies which are reported under sections 3 and 5 of
this report were undertaken to establish baselines and inform programme design. The ICO also
worked on improving results-based monitoring of the country programme as well as aligning
intermediate results with corporate strategic result areas (SRAs). The Office is working on
standardized and integrated tools to support results-based monitoring at sub-national level in close
coordination with national partners. Initial steps were taken to operationalize the equity monitoring
framework with progress being made on refining existing analysis at Level 1. As the latter work has
been spearheaded by the CSD cluster there is a need to integrate other priority sectors and
programmes in this analysis. Challenges faced in strengthening internal monitoring mechanisms
relate to the existence of distinct monitoring systems and tools for application at various levels of
monitoring and how to integrate these into one system. There is also insufficient institutional capacity
to implement a systematic results-based planning and monitoring system. Additional internal capacity
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development on results-based management based on the equity monitoring framework will have to be
prioritized next year to overcome the latter constraint.
Within the UN Country Team as a result of UNICEF advocacy the inter-agency M&E group was
revived. The Working Groups of the United Nations Programme Development Framework (UNPDF),
supported by the M&E group focused on streamlining the monitoring and evaluability of UN
interventions with baselines being established for planned results. UNICEF chairs the Social Services
Working Group while co-chairing or actively participating in the Disaster Risk Reduction and
Resilience, Climate Change and Environment, Sustainable Livelihoods and Governance working
groups as well as the Social Protection, Human Rights, Gender and HIV sub-groups. Progress of the
working groups has been affected by agencies’ disparate levels of understanding of results-based
management, limited participation and commitment from some agencies and limited M&E capacity
among the agencies.
While no major evaluations were planned in 2011 as the first year of the new Country Programme, the
Office strived to strengthen the evaluation function by assigning responsibilities and discussion of
overall systems for improving the planning, design and follow up of evaluations, including criteria for
prioritizing evaluations.
Support to Partners
Support for generation of evidence is a key pillar of the CPAP 2011-2015 and a cross-cutting strategy
entailing the development of stronger M&E capacities of implementing partners, particularly at subnational level where routine data collection, analysis and use is limited. As already mentioned,
UNICEF has worked with and supported BPS, Bappenas, line ministries and relevant departments at
the sub-national level, as well as networks of researchers and evaluators. UNICEF is and will
continue to work with the Vice-President’s Office for Poverty Reduction to support overall monitoring
and strengthening of Poverty Reduction and Social Protection measures, as well as with UN sister
agencies within the umbrella of the UNPDF M&E Framework.
In 2011 UNICEF took a number of specific steps to strengthen national M&E systems. Indonesia has
well-developed and functional national data collection systems covering demographic, social and
economic sectors. Processes aimed at improving analysis and use of existing data and information
from the key data systems, i.e. SUSENAS (annual socio-economic household survey), RISKESDAS
(tri-annual household health survey) and the population census are on-going. The output from this
exercise is a policy brief targeted at decision-makers within the President’s office, BPS, line ministries
and development partners supporting national data systems.
Technical and financial assistance was also provided to BPS to carry out the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Survey in Papua and West Papua provinces. The overall purpose of this MICS is twofold: (1) to
establish baselines for the new country programme in two of the most disadvantaged and hard-toreach provinces in support of equity-focused planning, monitoring and evaluation, and (2) to generate
lessons learnt which will be fed into to the design and implementation of SUSENAS. Other efforts at
sub-national level to strengthen routine data collection, analysis and use included development of
standardized and integrated monitoring tools, the creation of provincial DevInfo databases in Papua
and West Papua and capacity development of provincial and district staff on data management.
Government funding for these initiatives was secured in the above-mentioned provinces.
UNICEF also provided technical assistance to BPS in the dissemination of the 2010 population
results. Despite concerted effort and advocacy by UNICEF for the government to adopt CensusInfo
as a dissemination tool, the government in the end opted for a locally developed web-based
application which has similar features as CensusInfo but stops short of being a dynamic tool.
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On evaluation capacity development, UNICEF’s collaboration with a leading national research think
tank led to the establishment of a national research and evaluation network. A key mandate of the
network is to support national evaluation capacity development of member organizations with a view
to strengthening evidence-based policy making and country-led evaluations.
Challenges to national M&E capacity strengthening emanate from little demand for data and
evidence. Indonesia’s form of decentralizations is devolution and hence resource allocation lies with
the central government. As a result sub-national planning processes do not use data and evidence as
a basis for policy planning and policy making.
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Summary Notes and Acronyms
ACTMalaria
Asian Collaborative Training Network for Malaria
AMP
Annual Management Plan
ANHSS
Asia Network Capacity Building in Health Systems Strengthening
APBD
Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (Province/District Budget for
Revenue and Expenditure)
ASIA
Analisa Situasi Ibu Anak (situation analysis for children and women)
Bappeda
Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah (Province/District Planning and
Development Board)
Bappenas
Badan Perencana Pembangunan Nasional (National Planning and
Development Board)
BCP
Business Continuity Plan
BNPB
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (National Disaster Management
Agency)
BPBD
Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (Province/District Disaster
Management Agency)
BPS
Badan Pusat Statistics (National Statistics Office)
C4D
Communication for Development
CCCs
Core Commitments for Children
CCT
Conditional Cash Transfer
CDI
Child Deprivation Index
CFO
Chief of Field Office
CHANSYS
Community Health and Nutrition Systems Strengthening
C-IMCI
Community Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses
CMT
Country Management Team
CPAP
Country Programme Action Plan
CPiE
Child Protection in Emergencies
CPMP
Country Programme Management Plan
CSD
Child Survival and Development
CSO
Civil Society Organisation
DKI Jakarta
Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta (Special Capital Territory of Jakarta)
DPT3
Third dose of Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus Vaccine
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EAPRO
Regional Office for East Asia and the Pacific
ECD
Early Childhood Development
ERM
Enterprise Risk Management
ERP
Enterprise Risk Profile
GoI
Government of Indonesia
H4+
Health 4 plus (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UNFPA and UNAIDS)
ICO
Indonesia Country Office
ICT
Information, Communication and Technology
IMCI
Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses
IMEP
Integrated Monitoring and Evaluation Plan
IYCF
Infant and Young Child Feeding
KAP
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices
LTA
Long-term Agreement
M&E
Monitoring and Evaluation
MARYP
Most at Risk Young People
MCH
Maternal and Child Health
MDG
Millennium Development Goal
MICS
Multi Indicator Cluster Survey
MNCH
Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health
MoEC
Ministry of Education and Culture
MoH
Ministry of Health
MMN
Multiple Micronutrients
MoPW
Ministry of Public Works ?
MoRA
Ministry of Religious Affairs
MoSA
Ministry of Social Affairs
MoU
Memorandum of Understanding
MTR
Mid-term Review
MYWP
Multi Year Work Plan
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NAD
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (former name of the Province of Aceh, 2001 –
2009)
NGO
Non-governmental Organization
NTB
Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), a province in eastern
Indonesia
NTT
Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), a province in eastern Indonesia
OOSC
Out-of-School Children
ORE
Other Resources Emergency
PBA
Programme Budget Allotment
PLHIV
People Living with HIV/AIDS
PMI
Palang Merah Indonesia (Indonesian Red Cross)
PMTCT
Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission
Poltekkes
Politeknik Kesehatan (Health Polytechnic School)
PPP
Purchasing Power Parity
PPSP
Program Percepatan Sanitasi Permukinan (Accelerated Urban Sanitation
Development)
ProMs
Programme Management System (UNICEF software)
REACH
Reaching for Equity and Access in Child Health
RISKESDAS
Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Basic Health Survey), conducted by BPS
RR
Regular Resources
SOP
Standard Operating Procedure
SRA
Strategic Results Area
STBM
Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (Community-based Total Sanitation)
SUN
Scaling Up Nutrition
SUSENAS
Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (socio-economic household survey),
conducted by BPS
TOT
Training of Trainers
TRC
Quick Reaction Team
UN Cares
UN system-wide workplace programme on HIV
VISION
Virtual Integrated System of Information
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WASH
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
YCSD
Young Child Survival and Development
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SECTION 2 – PROGRAMME ANALYSIS
Country Programme Analytical Overview
Country Programme Analytical Overview
Support for generation of evidence is a key pillar of the CPAP 2011-2015 and a cross-cutting strategy
entailing the development of stronger M&E capacities of implementing partners, particularly at subnational level where routine data collection, analysis and use is limited. As already mentioned,
UNICEF has worked with and supported BPS, Bappenas, line ministries and relevant departments at
the sub-national level, as well as networks of researchers and evaluators. UNICEF is and will
continue to work with the Vice-President’s Office for Poverty Reduction to support overall monitoring
and strengthening of Poverty Reduction and Social Protection measures, as well as with UN sister
agencies within the umbrella of the UNPDF M&E Framework.
In 2011 UNICEF took a number of specific steps to strengthen national M&E systems. Indonesia has
well-developed and functional national data collection systems covering demographic, social and
economic sectors. Processes aimed at improving analysis and use of existing data and information
from the key data systems, i.e. SUSENAS (annual socio-economic household survey), RISKESDAS
(tri-annual household health survey) and the population census are on-going. The output from this
exercise is a policy brief targeted at decision-makers within the President’s office, BPS, line ministries
and development partners supporting national data systems.
Technical and financial assistance was also provided to BPS to carry out the Multiple Indicator Cluster
Survey in Papua and West Papua provinces. The overall purpose of this MICS is twofold: (1) to
establish baselines for the new country programme in two of the most disadvantaged and hard-toreach provinces in support of equity-focused planning, monitoring and evaluation, and (2) to generate
lessons learnt which will be fed into to the design and implementation of SUSENAS. Other efforts at
sub-national level to strengthen routine data collection, analysis and use included development of
standardized and integrated monitoring tools, the creation of provincial DevInfo databases in Papua
and West Papua and capacity development of provincial and district staff on data management.
Government funding for these initiatives was secured in the above-mentioned provinces.
UNICEF also provided technical assistance to BPS in the dissemination of the 2010 population
results. Despite concerted effort and advocacy by UNICEF for the government to adopt CensusInfo
as a dissemination tool, the government in the end opted for a locally developed web-based
application which has similar features as CensusInfo but stops short of being a dynamic tool.
On evaluation capacity development, UNICEF’s collaboration with a leading national research think
tank led to the establishment of a national research and evaluation network. A key mandate of the
network is to support national evaluation capacity development of member organizations with a view
to strengthening evidence-based policy making and country-led evaluations.
Challenges to national M&E capacity strengthening emanate from little demand for data and
evidence. Indonesia’s form of decentralizations is devolution and hence resource allocation lies with
the central government. As a result sub-national planning processes do not use data and evidence as
a basis for policy planning and policy making.
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Effective Advocacy
Deliberate efforts, based on demonstrated evidence, to directly and indirectly persuade decisionmakers, stakeholders and relevant audiences to support and implement actions that contribute to the
fulfilment of the rights of children and women, particularly the most vulnerable and excluded.
Rating
initiating action to meet benchmarks
Effective Advocacy
Successful advocacy resulted in a government commitment to expand school-based management
and national guidelines are currently under development. In Nusa Tenggara Timur, four district
governments issued local regulations in this area benefitting over 80,000 children in 520 schools, as
part of improving quality of learning and school management. As a part of the H4+ UNICEF is working
with its partners to improve the quality of care in maternal health. UNICEF has been involved in the
design and support of the upcoming implementation of the WHO-led initiative to assess quality of care
of maternal health services. This will then be used to work with the government on corrective action.
For further details see the section on the H4+. As a result of UNICEF’s advocacy, BNPB, the National
Disaster Management Agency, has agreed to not provide BMS for babies below six months in
disasters.
Advocacy with the Government has resulted in a public pledge by the Ministry of Health to commit
Indonesia to adhere to the global Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement. Continued efforts have been
made to support the strengthening of protection of women’s right to breastfeed, through high profile
engagement with Ministers and development of media materials on workplace breastfeeding.
UNICEF is supporting the Indonesian Children Rights Institute to develop an advocacy strategy for
adoption by Parliament of the revised Justice Law, which has improved provisions for children in line
with international standards.
In response to government and public concerns over young people accessing inappropriate content
through digital media, UNICEF successfully advocated for quality research to be undertaken, ahead
of any finalising of regulations, to ensure adequate evidence on use, opportunities and potential risks
of digital media for children, including convening a professional partnership between the Ministry of
Communication and Information and the Berkman Center for Digital Safety.
Changes in Public Policy
Throughout 2011, UNICEF advocated with and supported partners and the Government at national
and sub-national level to ensure that children’s rights were considered in legislation and other policy
initiatives.
At national level, these include for example the development of a National Plan of Action on Food and
Nutrition, aiming at reducing stunting by 5 per cent by 2015, a decree from the Ministry of Home
Affairs mandating districts to allocate funds for the USI (Universal Salt Iodization) programme,
Guidelines on Community Management of Acute Malnutrition, Community-based Total Sanitation,
technical guidelines for midwives and general practitioners in primary health centres and district
hospitals on MNH, and a MNH pocket book. Examples of policy work at sub-national level include the
following: In Aceh and Sabang, a Decree on Malaria Elimination and exclusive breastfeeding was
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issued, the budget for Posyandu operations was enhanced, and a District Food and Nutrition Action
Plan was drafted. In North Maluku, District Integrated Malaria Control was introduced and in Papua,
the Bupati (regent) of Jayapura passed a Malaria regulation. Also in Papua, funding for nutrition was
enhanced while in NTB a local regulation on community-based water supply and environmental
sanitation was issued.
In both NTT and East Java, Governor’s decrees on expanding access to ECD, especially for
vulnerable children, were issued. In Aceh, an ECD access strategy was drafted following a situation
analysis and evidence-based advocacy. An ECD cluster network was established in Aceh Timur to
promote knowledge sharing and improve the quality of services.
A Governor’s Regulation was issued in Papua, making HIV/AIDS education compulsory across all
levels of education.
After years of patient advocacy by UNICEF, the GoI is now recognizing the need to modernize social
workers, changing the nature of their work from a bureaucratic role to service delivery to families and
communities.
Good progress continues to be made in the area of Justice for Children. The Constitutional Court
declared the current minimum age of criminal responsibility (eight years) to be unconstitutional,
stating 12 years as the absolute minimum and the Justice Bill entered National Parliament. The
National Police have drafted an internal SOP on the handling of cases of children in contact with the
law in line with Juvenile Justice Draft law and are also drafting pre- and in-service training modules on
child protection. UNICEF Indonesia has succeeded in integrating concerns regarding violence in
Islamic schools into the agenda of MoRA.
Leveraging Resources
Please see section on fundraising and donor relations.
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Capacity Development
The process whereby people, organizations and society as a whole unleash, strengthen, create adapt
and maintain capacity over time.
Rating
mostly met benchmarks
Capacity Development
UNICEF Indonesia has had numerous and important capacity building activities at national and subnational level in 2011. These have had a strategic focus of supporting a greater understanding as well
as the development of the skills and competencies required to address equity issues within the CPAP
more effectively. Among the trainings and workshops for UNICEF staff and counterparts were the
following:
A training on poverty reduction, child poverty, and social protection, jointly organized by SMERU,
to which notable Indonesian speakers were invited. Information and analysis pertinent to
UNICEF's CPAP were shared.
UNICEF led several emergency-related trainings for the Government's relevant agency (BNPB)
as well as Clusters. These include: BNPB Senior Management Training, Head of Provincial
BPBD Training (for 30 provinces), Field Training Exercise (Maumere NTT), WASH Cluster
Coordination Workshop, Child Protection Rapid Assessment Training and Child Protection in
Emergency Training. While the National Disaster Management Agency coordinates most areas
related to emergency management, child protection has been largely overlooked. MoSA has
developed a rapid response team of 17 members from which members will be deployed to
coordinate the child protection response during emergencies by local government and civil
society. The team was trained in an intensive week long training exercise set in a fictitious
country. Throughout the week, hands on exercises enabled the participants to apply the theory
discussed in the training. The training culminated in an intensive all-day simulation activity
mirroring a likely emergency from natural disaster in Indonesia.
The Flagship Course on equity and Health Systems was held.
A bottleneck analysis training linked to the Investment case (IC) for financing equitable progress
towards MDGs 4 and 5 was held in October. Participants came from MoH, Bappenas,
Universities from Papua, Provincial Health Office Papua as well as from Bappeda Papua,
UNICEF Jakarta and Field Office staff. It is expected that all participants will facilitate bottleneck
workshops in Papua which are planned to take place in early 2012.
Capacity building at national and sub-national levels on the Child Protection Systems-building
approach was carried out. At sub-national level government-led participatory mapping exercises
of existing Child Protection Systems components took place which has increased government
ownership and leadership and resulted in the development of action plans and increasing state
budget allocations.
A number of UNICEF sub-offices have conducted training on M&E, ECD and education data
management and justice for children to their key Government counterparts beyond and above
what is already mentioned in this section.
There have been a number of study tours as part of UNICEF's capacity building efforts between
and within provinces, e.g. between Saban (Aceh), Wonosobo (Central Java) and Jembrana (Bali)
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in the area of disease outbreaks. To support capacity building in the area of Child Friendly Cities,
a delegation from Kupang travelled to Solo.
Training on child budgeting was conducted in South Sulawesi and Papua as part of UNICEF's
efforts to build capacity of both government and UNICEF staff to integrate child rights into the
government planning and budgeting processes.
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Communication for Development
A systematic, planned, evidence based strategic process that promotes positive and measurable
behaviour and social change; is intrinsically linked to programme sectors; uses consultation with and
participation of children, families, communities and networks; privileges local contexts; and relies on a
mix of communication tools, channels and approaches.
Rating
initiating action to meet benchmarks
Communication for Development
Work in 2011 focused on supporting systems and structures to strengthen capacity and coordination
on Communication for Development (C4D) and investigate potential innovations in delivery of C4D.
National C4D coordination mechanisms were supported within the Ministry of Health and Bappenas.
These structures will become a forum for sharing and building capacity to ensure future sustainability.
Similar structures have been supported in Aceh, Papua and West Papua.
Programmatic technical support was provided to the Health Promotion Unit of the Ministry of Health
(Promkes), and Bappenas – the latter specifically to undertake an assessment of the Government’s
Conditional Cash Transfer programme in two provinces. In South Sulawesi, the capacity of the
Promkes has been strengthened to conduct a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices study on
breastfeeding, as well as the development of radio programming. In Aceh, a similar study provides the
basis to address the issue of stunting next year and religious leaders are being mobilised to support
these efforts.
Strategic support to increase knowledge and improve counselling practices amongst midwives on
antenatal and young child care practices has been provided through use of cell phone technology,
developed in collaboration with Promkes and a cell phone manufacturer. Baseline research has been
conducted and customised content for midwives has been developed.
Moving into 2012, the work on capacity strengthening of government partners will be further
consolidated at the national and provincial levels. Technical support will be provided to developing a
behavioural and social change strategy to address demand side issues in the Conditional Cash
Transfer programme in relation to nutrition. Technical support will also be provided to the water,
sanitation and hygiene sector to develop behavioural change strategies at national and sub-national
levels, and strengthen capacity of cross-sector working groups in South Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara
Timur provinces. Technical support will be provided to develop a C4D strategy to address
immunization drop-out. Work will be initiated on a research framework for C4D to address equity
issues, and advocating for adequate resources for C4D with government counterparts.
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Service Delivery
An approach based on the assumption that success is dependent upon partner satisfaction and that
UNICEF's strategies including direct services, products and processes are valuable in relation to the
extent in which they benefit the most vulnerable children.
Rating
mostly met benchmarks
Service Delivery
The CSD Cluster continued to support strengthening of technical capacity of partners on service
delivery for MNC health, nutrition and WASH services at all levels with an emphasis on priority
districts.
Ten high risk districts in Papua received both technical and operational support to provide
supplementary tetanus vaccinations to women of reproductive age. Together with promotion of clean
deliveries, this will help increase immunity against maternal and neonatal tetanus. Twenty priority
districts with the largest numbers of unvaccinated children in Central and East Java had their staff
reoriented and mentored on Reaching Every District micro-planning, mapping of unreached children,
outreach sessions planning, supervision and implementation.
UNICEF supported six districts in establishing Maternity Waiting Homes and institutionalising ongoing home visits by cadres and village midwives to support the household to hospital continuum of
care approach.
Community-based IMCI service points and mother-support groups for breastfeeding have been
established in more than 120 villages serving as models for effective community-based health
intervention strategies in scaling up core child survival interventions. A total of 929 community health
workers have been trained to promote key family practices and to identify, classify, treat and refer sick
children with diarrhoea, pneumonia and malaria. Supervisory structures and mechanisms were
established to ensure effective quality services, especially with strong collaboration and partnerships
between local governments and NGO implementing partners.
Quality assurance for malaria diagnosis training in Jayapura was attended by malaria district crosscheckers, participants from Research Centre & Development, hospitals, and the Regional Health
Laboratory. As follow-up, UNICEF will support districts that plan training for malaria microscopists in
health centres using APBD funds (District Budget for Revenue and Expenditure), e.g. Boven Digul, for
which UNICEF will support a good resource person’s attendance.
The EAD Cluster continued to support strengthening of technical capacity of partners on service
delivery for education services at all levels with an emphasis on priority districts.
In Tanah Papua, the school-based management framework was strengthened resulting in an
improved quality of education for children in almost 500 schools across six districts. Seventy “model”
schools were supported to become centres of excellence for replication purposes. Contextual earlygrade and multi-grade packages for teachers were developed to ensure that all children are able to
access quality educational services. In addition, comprehensive learning materials on HIV/AIDS and
life skills are currently being used in over 590 elementary, junior and senior high schools.
In Central and East Java Provinces, UNICEF supported 28 ECD Centres in the poor villages
benefiting more than 1,400 children age two-six. In addition, nearly 1,000 children below two years old
received the service through their parents from parental training session. Training on Holistic
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Integrative ECD was provided to more than 168 ECD cadres. Social mobilisation and advocacy were
conducted to support the implementation of pro poor ECD services, reaching over 650 stakeholders
at sub-national level.
Over 11,000 children (6,044 girls and 5,534 boys) are benefiting from improved inclusive sports,
physical education and play programme in Pasuruan, Bone, Jakarta and Subang.
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Strategic Partnerships
Voluntary and collaborative relationships be