Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel dan Kadar Perekat Terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Partikel dari Limbah Batang Kelapa Sawit dengan Perekat Urea Formaldehida

ABSTRACT
FRISKA SIMATUPANG: The Influence of Particle Size and Content Against
Adhesives Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Waste Oil Palm
Trunk with Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive. Supervised by TITO SUCIPTO and
RUDI HARTONO
The waste oil palm trunks has the potential to be used as raw material for
the manufacture particleboards as substitute the use of solid wood. Particle sizes
used were 20, 35 and 50 mesh with different levels of Urea Formaldehyde
adhesive (8%, 10% and 12%). Compression performed with temperature 130 º C
with a pressure of 25 kgf/cm2 for 10 minutes. Boards were made with size 25 x 25
x 1 cm3 with density of 0.7 gr/cm3. The study was conducted using a completely
randomized design (CRD) factorial. Research results show density of range from
0.52 to 0.59 gr/cm3, moisture content range from 9.33 to 10.43%, from 0.73 to
1.26% water absorption, development of thick 8 0.48 to 18, 93%, internal bond
strength (IB) range from 0.87 to 3.22 kg/cm2, Modulus of Repture (MOR) range
from 23.84 to 81.86 kg/cm2 and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) range from 2882.25
to 9221.32 kg/cm2. Density and moisture content meets SNI 03-2105-2006 and
thickness swelling and internal bond strength meets SNI 03-2105-2006. But the
Modulus of Repture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) not meet the
standards. Results of variance showed that the interaction between the particle
size and significant levels of gluten. While the particle size effect to the thickness

swelling, internal bond strength, courage and determination of bending and
fracture of adhesive levels significantly affected the moisture content, thickness
swelling, internal bond strength, modulus of repture and modulus of elasticity.
Optimal codition was attained byadhesive content of 8% and particle size of 35
mesh
Key words: particle size, adhesive content, oil palm trunk urea formaldehida resin
and particleboard

Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABSTRAK
FRISKA SIMATUPANG: Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel dan Kadar Perekat Terhadap
Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Partikel dari Limbah Batang Kelapa Sawit dengan
Perekat Urea Formaldehida. Dibimbing oleh TITO SUCIPTO dan RUDI
HARTONO
Limbah batang kelapa sawit berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan baku
pembuatan papan partikel untuk mensubtitusi penggunaan kayu solid. Ukuran
partikel yang digunakan yaitu 20, 35 dan 50 mesh dengan kadar perekat UF yang
berbeda (8%, 10% dan 12%). Pengempaan dilakukan dengan suhu 130 ºC dengan
tekanan 25 kgf/cm2 selama 10 menit. Papan yang dibentuk dengan ukuran 25 x 25

x 1 cm3 dengan target kerapatan 0,7 g/cm3. Penelitian dilakukan dengan
menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan kerapatan berkisar 0,52–0,59 gr/cm3, kadar air berkisar 9,3310,43%, daya serap air 0,73-1,26%, pengembangan tebal8,48-18,93%, keteguhan
rekat internal (IB) berkisar 0,87-3,22 kg/cm2, keteguhan patah (MOR) berkisar
23,84-81,86 kg/cm2 dan keteguhan lentur (MOE) berkisar 2882,25-9221,32
kg/cm2. Kerapatan dan kadar air sudah memenuhi SNI 03-2105-2006 dan
sebagian pengembangan tebal dan keteguhan rekat internal sudah memenuhi SNI
03-2105-2006. Namun keteguhan patah dan keteguhan lentur belum memenuhi
standar SNI 03-2105-2006. Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa interaksi
antara ukuran partikel dan kadar perekat tidak berpengaruh nyata. Sedangkan
ukuran partikel berpengaruh terhadap pengembangan tebal, keteguhan rekat
internal, keteguhan patah dan keteguhan lentur dan kadar perekat berpengaruh
nyata terhadap kadar air, pengembangan tebal, keteguhan rekat internal,
keteguhan patah dan keteguhan lentur. Hasil penelitian terbaik terdapat pada
ukuran partikel 35 mesh dan kadar perekat 8% .
Kata kunci: ukuran partikel, kadar perekat dan batang kelapa sawit,

Universitas Sumatera Utara