Tesis dan Disertasi Tentang Pendekatan Pendidikan Matematika Realistik - TIPS BELAJAR MATEMATIKA thesis Al Jupri

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Al Jupri (3103404)

Introduction and research questions

Mathematics is indispensable in our daily life. From waking up in the
morning to sleeping at night, we always use mathematics, be it perhaps implicitly.
It is no wonder that Freudenthal—a mathematician as well as a mathematics
educator from the Netherlands—said that mathematics should be seen as a human
activity (Freudenthal, 1991).
One of the branches of mathematics used most to solve our daily life
problems is arithmetic. Everyday we use four basic skills in arithmetic: addition,
subtraction, multiplication, or division. One calculation form which is frequently
used is computational estimation. For instance, when we are in the supermarket,
we should be able to calculate the prices—without using paper and pencil or
calculator but using mental calculation—of goods that we want to buy before
going to the supermarket’s cashier, whether our money is enough or not, whether
it is suitable with planning or not. Therefore, computational estimation should be
learned at school.
Computational estimation, as a basic skill in mathematics (Reys, Rybolt,
Bestgen, & Wyatt, 1982), is acknowledged by many educators as an essential skill
which should be mastered by students (Rubenstein, 1985). Many mathematics
educators suggested that estimation is commonly used more than exact calculation
in daily life (Rubenstein, 1985). For example, consider the following estimation
problem:
1

Rp 1,675

Rp 10,000

5

Instead of doing the exact calculation 5
example, 5

Rp 1,675, it is sufficient to do, for

Rp 2,000. Thus, we can easily conclude that the money is enough to

buy 5 kg of cabbage.
Another example of the importance of computational ability for students is
that students will be able to check reasonableness of computational results, for
instance calculation by calculators (Rubenstein, 1985). As an example, if a student
wants to enter 213

14 November 2008

15 into a calculator, the answer 325 appears on the display.

1

Al Jupri (3103404)

Introduction and research questions

Then using estimation ability, it can be shown that the answer is incorrect
because, for instance, 200 15 = 3000 is more than 325.
In addition, according to Van den Heuvel! $$

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