Institutional Repository | Satya Wacana Christian University: Children's Perception Towards an Orphanage's Activities : Case Study of Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan, Salatiga

Children’s Perception
Towards an Orphanage’s Activities

Yohanes Pintu Sandika

Satya W acana University Press
2013

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PERNYATAAN TIDAK PLAGIAT
5aya yang bertanda tangan

di bawah ini:

Nama

YOHANES PINTU SANDIKA

NIM

092012006

Email: sandikapintu@yahoo.com

Fakultas

Program Pascasarjana

Program Studi: Magister 5tudi Pembangunan

Judul Tesis

CHILDREN'5 PERCEPTION TOWARDS AN ORPHANA6E'5 ACTIVITIES
of Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan, 5alatiga)

(Case Study

Pembimbing

Prapto Yuwono, 5E.. ME.

Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa:

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Hasil karya yang saya serahkan ini adalah asli dan belum pernah diajukan untuk mendapatkan gelar
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pencabutan gelar yang lelah diperoleh karena karya saya ini, serta sanksi Iain yang
sesuai dengan

ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana.
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YOHANES PINTU SANDIKA
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PERNYATAAN PERSETUJTJAN AKSES
Saya yang bertanda tanSan

di bawah ini:

Nama

YOHANES PINTU SANDIKA

NIM

092012006

Email: sandikapintu

Fakultas

Program Pascasarjana

Program Studi: Magister Siudi Pembangunan

Judu I Tesis

CHILDREN'S PERCEPTION TOWARDS AN ORPHANA6E'5 ACTIVITIES
(Case Study of Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan, 5alatiga)

@

yahoo.com

Dengan ini saya menyerahkan hak non-ekslusif" kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Universitai Kristen
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Nama

YOHANES PINTU SANDIKA

NIM

092012006

Progdi

Magister Studi Pembangunan

Tesis

CHILDREN'S PERCEPTION TOWARDS AN
ORPHANA6E'5 ACTIVITIEs:

(Case Study of Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial
Taman Harapan. salatiga)

Menyetujui,

Pembimbing

Mengesahkan,

Pascasarjana UKSW

Dinyatakan lulus tanggal: 16 Oktober 2013

Katalog Dalam Terbitan

362.73
San
C

Sandika, Yohanes Pintu
Children’s Perception Towards an Orphanage’s Activities /
Yohanes Pintu Sandika.-- Salatiga : Satya W acana University Press,
2013.
99 p. ; 24 cm.
ISBN 978-979-8154-66-9
1. Orphanages 2. Children--Institutional care 3. Social services
4. Foster children I. Title

ISBN 978-979-8154-66-9
© Yohanes Pintu Sandika
All rights reserved. Save Exception stated by the law, no part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system of any nature, or
transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, included a complete or partial
transcription, without the prior written permission of the author, application
for which should be addressed to author.

Satya W acana University Press

Universitas Kristen Satya W acana
Diponegoro 52-60 Salatiga 50711
Telp. (0298) 321212 Ext. 229, Fax. (0298) 311995

Satya W acana Christian University

Children’s Perception
Towards an Orphanage’s Activities

THESI S

Submitted to obtain Master Degree
in Satya W acana Christian University.
This thesis has been defended
in the Post Graduate Program of Development Studies
Satya W acana Christian University,
on W ednesday, October 16, 2013
in Satya W acana Christian University
Diponegoro 52-60 Salatiga.

By :
Yohanes Pintu Sandika

Born in Salatiga, Indonesia

Supervisor

Prapto Yuwono, SE., ME

Examiner

Dr. Pamerdi Giri W iloso, M.Si
Neil S. Rupidara., M.Sc., Ph.D

Foreword
It is an honor to understand deeper the life of marginalized
people and how a nation and group of people are working towards its
betterment. It is a wonderful feeling to work with beautiful people and
also at the same time being a part in the development towards a
brighter future.
This study talks about the perception of Orphans and
Vulnerable Children (OVC) towards the activities held in Unit
Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan, Salatiga. Their perception is
important that we might be allowed to know further what they have
received through the caring this far. Chapter One is the starting point;
the introduction. It comprises among others the OVC’s reality in the
middle of the society or country, the other researches, the purpose and
significance of this research. M y research methodology and
experiences are entirely poured in Chapter Two, inclusive their life in
the perspective of parents, written based on the pillar of the research
methodology. Chapter Three to Five are the results of my research; the
OVC’s perception, Taman Harapan’s view on activities and at last the
meeting points between the two. The analysis of each chapter is
included in the respective chapter as the final analysis is tied in
Chapter Five. To conclude these chapters, conclusion with additional
suggestions is added in the closing chapter (Chapter Six).
I sincerely hope that the synthesis of this research can
influence the thoughts of every single person working in the
development fields, especially the field of children development.
Hopefully, a ‘will’ to always improve will always be attached in every
one’s point of view as we all march on to an expected brighter future.
Salatiga, October 7, 2013
Yohanes Pintu Sandika
v

Acknowledgements

I would like above all to thank God for every single thing that
all beautiful people and I have received so that this writing can be
finally completed.
In completing this research, I would also like to sincerely thank
every single person who has shared the common values of loving the
marginalized people, particularly the OVC. Through the beginning and
completion of this thesis, I would like to appreciate the support of the
beloved peoples who have helped me (and the OVC) to make this
thesis (and book) happen.
Firstly, I would not be able to go this far without my parents.
Through this beautiful moment, I would like to express my
thankfulness to my beloved parents, brothers and the whole family for
every single support and care.
Very importantly, I would not be able to even begin my thesis
without the help of my guide and supervisor. For this I would like to
show my deepest appreciation and gratitude to M r. Prapto Yuwono for
guiding me. I would like to thank him for his time and the
encouragement given to me from the beginning to the completion of
this thesis. Together with this, I would also like to sincerely thank M r.
Neil S. Rupidara and M r. Pamerdi Giri W iloso for their advice and
support so that this thesis can be completed.
M y deepest thankfulness and appreciation to the whole OVC of
Taman Harapan (and all beloved marginalized children around the
world), the helpful personnel of Dinas Sosial Propinsi Jawa Tengah
(Balai Rehsos W oro W iloso and Unit Rehsos Taman Harapan Salatiga)
for wonderful cooperation, share and every single thing given to the
completion of this thesis.
Finally, I would like to personally thank all my beloved friends
whom I believe have spent efforts and time for me in completing this
vi

book; M r. Ari, M aretha Liana Nauli, all the children in Taman Harapan
and all beloved friends from Satya W acana Christian University’s
Development Studies Post Graduate Program; Antonio, Ayu, Nilton,
Raras.
I sincerely thank everyone for every single help. M ay God bless
us all.

Yohanes Pintu Sandika

vii

Abstract
Kehidupan anak yatim piatu dan yang rentan – atau disebut OVC
(Orphans and Vulnerable Children) – merupakan salah satu fenomena
kehidupan yang layak mendapatkan perhatian dari semua pihak.
Jumlah OVC di Indonesia (sekitar lima juta orang) memberikan
gambaran akan masa depan bangsa. Secara lebih spesifik, negara
menyediakan pusat-pusat penanganan OVC untuk diberdayakan
melalui Dinas Sosial. Panti Asuhan (atau dalam segala istilah yang
digunakan, misalnya rehabilitasi sosial) menjadi salah satu rumah bagi
OVC dan Taman Harapan Salatiga adalah salah satu tempat
penampungan anak-anak (OVC) dari berbagai daerah di sekitarnya.
Dalam pembinaannya, OVC menghadapi banyak kegiatan yang
berbeda dari apa yang dihadapi di rumah, yaitu berupa aktivitasaktivitas (diselenggarakan oleh salah satu panti asuhan/rehabilitasi
sosial, dalam hal ini Rehabilitasi Sosial milik pemerintah, yaitu Unit
Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan). Apa yang OVC tangkap (persepsi)
melalui aktivitas menjadi salah satu bagian yang penting dalam proses
perkembangan anak tersebut. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa
persepsi lengkap OVC Taman Harapan secara umum tidak terjadi. Hal
ini berimbas pada perkembangan mereka dalam menyongsong masa
depan mereka masing-masing.

viii

Table of Contents
Page
Foreword .........................................................................................
Acknowledgements .........................................................................
Abstract ...........................................................................................
Table of Contents.............................................................................
List of Figures...................................................................................
List of Tables....................................................................................
List of Abbreviations........................................................................

v
vi
viii
xi
xii
xiii
xiv

Chapter One: Introduction
Background ......................................................................................
Literature Review ............................................................................
Other Research ........................................................................
Theoretical Review ..................................................................
Research Problem and Question ......................................................
Research Problem ....................................................................
Research Question ...................................................................
Research Purpose and Significance..................................................
Research Purpose .....................................................................
Research Significance ...............................................................

1
5
5
7
9
9
10
12
12
12

Chapter Two: Research Methodology and Experiences
Research Design and Method...........................................................
Sampling ..................................................................................
Data Collection ........................................................................
Data Analysis ...........................................................................
Research Limits ........................................................................
The Story ........................................................................................
Orphanage History ..........................................................................
The Changing Terms ................................................................
Balai and Rehsos .......................................................................
The Research Progress and Difficulties............................................
Personnel .................................................................................
The OVC ..................................................................................
The Parents ..............................................................................
Emotional Attachment.....................................................................
The Roads ........................................................................................
Parent’s W ill ...................................................................................

15
16
17
18
18
18
20
20
21
24
24
26
28
32
34
36
ix

Chapter Three: The OVC’s Perceptions
Introduction ....................................................................................
Research Results..............................................................................
How Children Entered Taman Harapan ..................................
External Influences: Parental and Environmental Influence ...
Expectation ..............................................................................
OVC’s Views to Taman Harapan ..............................................
Taman Harapan’s Activities .....................................................
Activity One; Activities of Physical Services ....................
Meals ..........................................................................
Boarding .....................................................................
Health ........................................................................
Activity Two; Activities of Formal Education Service ......
Activity Three; Activities of Counseling Services .............
Mental ........................................................................
Social ..........................................................................
Religion ......................................................................
Skill ............................................................................
Activity Four; Activities of Recreational Services .............

37
37
37
41
42
43
45
45
46
47
47
48
49
50
50
51
51
52

Activity Five; Activities of Non-formal Services ....... 52
Activity Six; Activities of Societal Services .......................
Analysis ..........................................................................................
Perception .................................................................................
Association ................................................................................
Final Perception ........................................................................
The Voluntary and Involuntary W ill ........................................
OVC’s Consciousness................................................................
Conclusion .......................................................................................

52
54
54
56
57
57
59
61

Chapter Four:The Activities
Introduction ....................................................................................
Research Results..............................................................................
How OVC Entered Taman Harapan ........................................
The Activities ...........................................................................
The Limitations on Activities ..........................................................
The Activities Indicators ..........................................................
More about Activities ..............................................................
The OVC and Achievements ...................................................
Analysis ..........................................................................................
Institutional Analysis................................................................
The Institutions inside Taman Harapan ....................................
Authoritative .....................................................................

63
63
63
65
68
71
72
73
74
74
78
78

x

Unanalytical Evaluation (Taken for Granted) ................... 79
Formal-Education Oriented Institution ............................ 80
Conclusion ....................................................................................... 80
Chaper Five :The Meeting Points; Activities Through OVC’s
and Taman Harapan’s Perspectives
Introduction..................................................................................... 81
The Meeting Points.......................................................................... 81
OVC’s Involvements to Activities ............................................ 81

Activities’ Frequency ....................................................... 82
The Tangible Goal ........................................................... 83
The Spirit of Activities ..................................................... 84
Analysis ...........................................................................................
The Unmeeting Points..............................................................
The ‘Triangle Of W ill’......................................................................
The Fulfillment .........................................................................
Conclusion .......................................................................................

84
85
85
88
90

Chapter Six: Conclusion and Suggestions
Conclusion ....................................................................................... 91
Suggestions ...................................................................................... 91
Bibliography ................................................................................... 95

xi

List of Figures

Page
Figure 1: Main Building of Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial Taman Harapan .......
Figure 2: Structure of Organization ..........................................................
Figure 3: The Research Map and Location ................................................
Figure 4: The Road to OVC’s House .........................................................
Figure 5: OVC’s House..............................................................................
Figure 6: The Condition of OVC’s Origin .................................................
Figure 7: Activities of Physical Services....................................................
Figure 8: Physical Services........................................................................
Figure 9: Nonscholastic Course.................................................................
Figure 10: The OVC’s House Condition ....................................................
Figure 11: Taman Harapan Personnel’s Visit ............................................
Figure 12: OVC’s Bedrooms......................................................................
Figure 13: The Provision of School Uniform to OVC by Taman Harapan
Figure 14: The Physical Services...............................................................
Figure 15: The Triangle of W ill ................................................................

xii

16
23
29
34
38
39
46
47
53
64
65
66
70
83
87

List of Tables

Page
Table 4.1: Three Pillars of Institutions ......................................... 75

xiii

List of Abbreviations

BM C
BPS
DP3
HIV/AIDS

KESBANGPOLINM AS
KEM SOS
OVC
PERGUB
PUSKESMAS
REHSOS
SETKAB
SOP
TKI
TUPOKSI
UNICEF
UUD 1945
W AJAR

xiv

Bio M ed Central
Badan Pusat Statistik
Daftar Penilaian Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
Infection / Acquired
Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
Kesatuan
Bangsa,
Politik,
dan
Perlindungan M asyarakat
Kementerian Sosial
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
Peraturan Gubernur
Pusat Kesehatan M asyarakat
Rehabilitasi Sosial
Sekretariat Kabinet
Standard Operating Procedure
Tenaga Kerja Indonesia
Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi
United Nations Children’s Fund
Undang-Undang Dasar 1945
W ajib Belajar