THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITY IN TEACHING SPEAKING VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY.

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITY
IN TEACHING SPEAKING VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’
CREATIVITY
(An Experimental Study at the Second Grade of SMA N 1 Madiun in the
Academic Year of 2013/2014)

THESIS
Written as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Obtaining
the Master Degree of English Education

SALIM SALIH IBRAHIM
S891302050

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
GRADUATE SCHOOL
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA
2014
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APPROVAL
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITY
IN TEACHING SPEAKING VIEWED FROM
STUDENTS’CREATIVITY
An Experimental Study at the Second Gradeof SMA N 1Madiun in the Academic
Year of 2013/2014

THESIS
SALIM SALIH IBRAHIM
S891302050

This thesis has been approved by the Consultants of the English Education

Department, Graduate School of SebelasMaret University, Surakarta
On: August, 23th, 2014

First Consultant

Second Consultant

Dr. Ngadiso,M.Pd
NIP. 19621231198831009

Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd
NIP. 195203071980031005

The Head of English Education DepartmentGraduate Program,
Teacher Training and EducationFaculty
SebelasMaret University

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd
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LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITY
IN TEACHING SPEAKING VIEWED FROM
STUDENTS’CREATIVITY
An Experimental Study at the Second Gradeof SMA N 1 Madiun in the Academic
Year of 2013/2014
By:
SALIM SALIH IBRAHIM
S891302050
This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of English
Education Department of Graduate School of SebelasMaret University

On11 August2014
Board of Examiners:

Signature

ChairpersonDra.DewiRochsantiningsih, M.Ed., Ph.D.
NIP.19600918 198702 2001
Secretary Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum.
NIP19740608 199903 1 002

(…………………….)

(……………………..)

Examiners 1.Dr. Ngadiso,M.Pd(……………………..)
NIP. 196212311988031009
2. Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd. (……………………..)
NIP. 195203071980031005

The Dean of Teacher Training and

Education Faculty

The Head of English Education
Department

Prof. Dr. M. FurqonHidayatullah,M.Pd
Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd.
NIP. 19600727 198702 1 001
commit to userNIP. 19520307 198003 1 005

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ABSTRACT
SALIM SALIH IBRAHIM, S891302050, 2014. The Effectiveness of
Information Gap Activity to Teach Speaking Viewed from Students’ Creativity (An
Experimental Research at the Second Gradeof SMA N 1 Madiunin the Academic

Year of 2013/2014). Thesis. Surakarta. English Education Department of
Graduate School, SebelasMaret University. 2013.
The objectives of this study are: (1) to reveal whetherInformation Gap
Activity is more effective than Direct Instruction to teach Speaking; (2) to reveal
whether students having high creativity have better speaking skill than those
having low creativity; and (3) to reveal whether there is an interaction between
teaching methods and the students’ creativityin teachingSpeaking.
The experimental research was conducted at SMA N 1 Madiun, from
May to June 2014. The sample of the research was two classes; those weresocial
science class-1 which was treated as experimental class taught by using
Information Gap Activity and social science class-3 which was treated as control
class taught by using Direct Instruction. Each of them consisted of 20 students.
The instruments of collecting data were tests.They were creativity test and
speaking test. The researcher analyzed the data using ANOVA or analysis of
variance and Tukey test.
Based on the result of data analysis, the research findings are: (1)
Information Gap Activity is more effective than Direct Instruction to teach
speaking; (2) the students having high creativity have better speaking skill than
those having low creativity; and (3) there is an interaction between teaching
methods and students’ creativity in teaching speaking.

Finally the research findingsimply that Information Gap Activity is an
effective method to teach speaking. The findings show that students who are
taught using Information Gap Activity have better speaking skill than those who
are taught using Direct Instruction Method, it recommended for English teachers
to apply Information Gap Activity in teaching speaking class
Key word: Information Gap Activity, Direct Instruction Method, Creativity,
Experimental Study.

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MOTTO

The root s of edu cat i on are bi t t er, bu t
t he f ru i t i s sweet .

Ar ist ot le.

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DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:


My beloved mother and father



My beloved brothers and sisters

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PRONOUNCEMENT

This is to certify that I myself write this thesis entitled “The Effectiveness of
Information Gap Activity in Teaching Speaking Viewed from Students’
Creativity”. It is not a plagiarism or made by others. Anything related to other’s
work is written in quotation, the source of which is listed on the references.
If then this pronouncement proves incorrect, I am ready to accept any academic
punishment, including the withdrawal or cancellation of my academic degree.

Surakarta, 2014

SalimSalih Ibrahim

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher praises to Allah Almighty, The Merciful Lord, for all the
blesses, strengths, and opportunities that this thesis can be well completed. In
doing this thesis, he has received a lot of suggestions from many people.
Therefore, he wishes to express his special deep gratitude and appreciation to the
following people:
1.

Prof. Dr. M. Furqon Hidayatullah, M.Pd, the Dean of Faculty of Teacher

Training and Education of SebelasMaret University

2.

Prof. Dr. Ir. Ahmad Yunus, MS., Director of Graduate School of Sebelas
Maret University Surakarta for the chance and facilities.

3.

Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd, Head of English Education Department of Graduate
School of Sebelas Maret University Surakartaand also as the second
consultant, for the chance, guidance, advice, suggestion, motivation, and
criticism.

4.

Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd, as the first consultant, for his support, guidance, advice,
and feedback for the researcher in finishing this thesis.

5.

All of the lecturers of English Education Department of Graduate School of
Sebelas Maret University, for the knowledge given to the researcher.

6.

The Principal of SMA N 1 Madiun, for his permission to the researcher to
conduct this research at the school.

7.

The Second Grade Students of SMA N 1 Madiun, for participating in this
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8.

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His dearest parents for their caring, love, sincerity, and every single thing
they have done.

9.

His colleagues who have given support.

10.

All of the people who always support him everytime, thanks for everything.
The researcher invites comments and suggestions from the readers for

this thesis. The researcher hopes that this thesis will give an important
contribution to the development of English education.
.

Surakarta, 2014

SalimSalih Ibrahim
NIM. S891302050

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Table of Contents
TITLE PAGE……...…..……………………………………………………i
APPROVAL SHEET .......................................................................................ii
LEGITIMATING FOR BOARD OF EXAMINERS................................ iii
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................vi
PRONOUNCEMENT ................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ x
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................ xii
LIST OF FIGURE........................................................................................ xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES ..............................................................................xiv
CHAPTER I
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 1
Background of the Study .........................................................1
Problem Identification .............................................................3
Problem Limitation ................................................................... 3
Statement of the Problem..........................................................3
The Objective of the Study .......................................................4
The significance of the Study ................................................... 4

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................... 6
A. Speaking..................................................................................... 6
1. Concept of Speaking .............................................................6
2. Aspect of Speaking ...............................................................7
3. Problems in Speaking……………...……………………..8
4. Assessing Speaking ..............................................................9
5. Principles of Teaching Speaking .......................................10
6. Types of Speaking Activity ................................................14
7. Assessing Speaking………………..………….…………19
B. Information Gap Activity........................................................22
1. Concept of Information Gap Activity................................22
2. Procedure in Applying Information Gap Activity ............23
3. The Teacher’s Role in Information Gap Activity .............26
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4. Advatages of Information Gap Activity ............................28

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5. Disadvatages of Information Gap Activity .......................28
C. Direct Istruction .......................................................................29
1. Concept of Direct Instruction .............................................29
2. Procedure of Direct Instruction ..........................................30
3. Advantages of Direct Istruction .........................................32
4. Disadvantages of Direct Istruction ....................................33
D. Creativity..................................................................................33
1. The Definition of Creativity ...............................................33
2. Aspects of Creativity ..........................................................34
3. Measuring Creativity ..........................................................36
E. Review of Related Study ........................................................38
F. Rationale ..................................................................................41
1. The Differences Between Information Gap Activity and
Direct Instruction ................................................................41
2. The Differences between Students Having High Creativity
and Students Having Low Creativity................................. 43
3. The Interaction between Teaching Methods and Creativity
in Teaching Speaking .........................................................44
G. Hypothesis ...............................................................................46
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ....................................47
A. The Method of Research .........................................................47
B. The Place and Time of Study..................................................48
C. Population, Sample, and Sampling ........................................49
D. Technique of Collecting the Data...........................................50
E. Technique of Analyzing the Data...........................................51
F. Statistical Hypothesis ..............................................................55
CHAPTER IV DATA PRESENTATION, AND DISCUSSION .............57
A. The Description of the Data ....................................................53
B. Normality and Homogeneity Test...........................................62
C. Hypothesis Test........................................................................63
D. Tukey Test ................................................................................64
E. Discussion of the Study ...........................................................67
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION.
A. Conclusion ...............................................................................76
B. Implication ...............................................................................76
C. Suggestion ................................................................................77
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................79
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APPENDIX......................................................................................................85
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Scoring Rubrics of Speaking Test ..................................................................... 14
Table 3.1. Readability of Speaking Test .............................................................................. 51
Table 3.2. Readability of Creativity Test ............................................................................. 51
Table 3.3. Factorial design 2×2 ............................................................................................ 52
Table 4.1. Frequency Distribution of A1 .............................................................................. 58
Table 4.2. Frequency Distribution of A2 .............................................................................. 59
Table. 4.3. Frequency Distribution of B1 ............................................................................. 60
Table. 4.4. Frequency Distribution of B2 ............................................................................. 61
Table. 4.5. Frequency Distribution of A1B 1 ......................................................................... 62
Table. 4.6. Frequency Distribution of A1B 2 ........................................................................ 63
Table. 4.7. Frequency Distribution of A2B 1 ......................................................................... 64
Table. 4.8. Frequency Distribution of A2B 2 ......................................................................... 65
Table. 4.9. The Result of Normality Test............................................................................. 66
Table. 4.10. Result of Homogeneity Test ........................................................................... 66
Table. 4.11. The Summary of ANOVA test ....................................................................... 67
Table. 4.12. Table of the Mean Scores of Factorial design 2×2 ......................................... 67
Table. 4.13. The Summary of Tukey Test .......................................................................... 68

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure. 4.1. Histogram and Polygon of A1 ....................................................................................... 58
Figure. 4.2. Histogram and Polygon of A2 ........................................................................................ 59
Figure. 4.3. Histogram and Polygon of B1 ........................................................................................ 60
Figure. 4.4. Histogram and Polygon of B2 ........................................................................................ 61
Figure. 4.5. Histogram and Polygon of A1B1.................................................................................... 62
Figure. 4.6. Histogram and Polygon of A1B2.................................................................................... 63
Figure. 4.7. Histogram and Polygon of A2B1.................................................................................... 64
Figure. 4.8. Histogram and Polygon of A2B2.................................................................................... 65

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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Lesson Plan for Experimental Class ...........................................................88
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan for Control Class ....................................................................107
Appendix 3 Scoring Rubrics of Speaking .................................................................... 124
Appendix 4 Blue Print of Speaking .............................................................................. 125
Appendix 5 Instrument of Speaking Test .....................................................................126
Appendix 6 Readability and Result of Speaking Test ..................................................127
Appendix 7 Instrument of Creativity Test ....................................................................128
Appendix 8 Readability and Result of Creativity Test ................................................130
Appendix 9 Tabulation of speaking and Creativity ......................................................136
Appendix 10 Frequency Distribution ............................................................................139
Appendix 11 Normality Test .........................................................................................147
Appendix 12 Homogeneity Test ....................................................................................151
Appendix 13 Anova and Tukey Test ...........................................................................153

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