A PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN AL-QURAN (AL-BAQARAH) A Pragmatics Perspective Of Figurative Language Used In Al-Quran (Al-Baqarah).
A PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE OF FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE USED IN AL-QURAN (AL-BAQARAH)
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
LAILA INDAH CAHYANINGSIH
A320100166
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
i
MOTTO
Demi waktu matahari sepenggalahan naik, dan demi malam apabila telah
sunyi, Tuhanmu tiada meninggalkankamu dan tiada pula benci kepadamu,
dan sesungguhnya akhir itu lebih baik bagimu dari permulaan.
(QS. Ad-Duha 1-4)
Kegigihan akan mendatangkan kesuksesan.
v
DEDICATION
From my deep heart and great love, this research paper is dedicated to:
ALLAH SWT
My beloved Daddy and Mommy,
My beloved brother,
My beloved Hafizh Hasbur Rachman,
All the research consultants, and
All my best friend.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikumwarahmatullahiwabarokatuh,
Alhamdulillah hirobbil ‘alamin, in the name of Allah, Most Gracious,
Most Merciful and price to Allah SWT, Lord of the world so that the writer can
finish the research paper as a partial fulfillment of requirements for the graduate
degree of education. It is because of His blessing and guidance, that the writer is
finally able to finish his research paper. It is entitled “A PRAGMATICS
PERSPECTIVE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN AL-QURAN
(AL-BAQARAH)”.
The writer fully realizes that the research paper could not be finished
without the help of other people. Therefore, on this opportunity, she would like to
express the gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno,M.Hum., as Dean of the School of Teacher
Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Drs. H. Maryadi, MA. as the first consultant for the great help, advice,
and guidance,
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Aryatmi, M.Hum. as the second consultant for the great
help and guidance,
4. Dra. Malikatul
Laila, M. Hum. as the writer’s academic advisor has
guided so far,
vii
5. All lecturers in English Department for guiding, knowledge, support and
meaningful advices, so that she can understand English better,
6. Her beloved father and mother, Mr. Sukasno and Mrs. Sulastri who have
given their energy, support, and everything,
7. Her beloved brother, Hafid Bagus Cahyasaputra, who give support,
8. Her beloved Hafizh Hasbur Rachman, who give support and suggestion,
9. Her best friend, Safika, who helps the researcher,
10. Lastly, all her friends in English Department who give support.
Finally, the researcher wants to thanks the reader who wants to give their
some criticism, suggestion, and revision to order to make this research paper
better.
Wassalammu’alaikumwarohmatullahiwabarakatuh
Surakarta,
December 2014
The writer
Laila Indah Cahyaningsih
viii
SUMMARY
Laila Indah Cahyaningsih. A320100166.A PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE
OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN AL-QURAN (AL-BAQARAH).
Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2015.
This research paper is about an analysis of figurative language used in AlQuran. The major problems in this study are to know the types of figurative
language used in Al-Quran, to know the meaning of figurative language found in
the Al-Quran and to reveal the dominant figurative language in the Al-Quran.
The primary sources of data are the research is conducted by using
descriptive qualitative research. The method of the data collection is
documentation. Based on the research, the researcher concludes that in analyzing
literary work, especially Al-Quran, the researcher uses a part of whole figures of
speech; they are simile, personification, symbol, hyperbole, and metaphor.
Based on the analysis, the study reveals that there are many meanings and
types of figurative language in Al-Quran. The dominant figurative language in AlQuran is simile and his minor figures of speech are personification, symbol,
hyperbole, and metaphor. The meaning revealed from the Al-Quran conventional
implicature and conversational implicature.
Keywords: Pragmatics, figurative language.
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Drs. H. Maryadi, MA.
NIP. 1958 03 04 1986 03 1001
Dra. SitiZuhriahAryatmi, M.Hum.
NIK. 225
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ..............................................................................................
i
APPROVAL.......................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY.....................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...................................................................................
vi
ACNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................
vii
SUMMARY .......................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT .....................................................................
x
LIST OF TABLE ...............................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
1
A. Background of Study
1
B. Problem Statement
9
C. Objective of the Study
9
D. Limitation of Study
9
E. Benefit of the Study
10
F. Research Paper Organization
10
UNDERLYING THEORY
12
A. Previous Study …………………………
B. Underlying Theory …………………….
1. Pragmatics
a. Notion of Pragmatics …….
x
12
12
b. Principles of Pragmatics
1) Deixis
14
2) Presupposition
14
3) Entailment
15
4) Speech Act
15
5) Implicature
17
C. Figurative Language
19
1. Notion of Figurative Language
19
2. Types of Figurative Language
20
a. Simile
20
b. Metaphor
21
c. Personification
21
d. Metonymy
22
e. Hyperbole
22
f. Apostrophe
23
g. Synecdoche
24
h. Symbol
24
i. Allegory
24
j. Paradox
25
k. Understatement
26
l. Irony
26
27
D. Al-Quran
xi
14
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
RESEARCH METHOD
30
A. Type of Study
30
B. Object of the Study
30
C. Data and Source of Data
30
D. Technique of Collecting Data
30
E. Technique of Analyzing Data
31
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION …
32
A. Data Analysis
32
1. Types of Figurative Language ……..
32
2. Meaning of Figurative Language ….
32
B. Discussion of the Finding
65
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...........
70
a. Conclusion
70
b. Suggestion
71
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..............................................................................
73
VIRTUAL REFERENCE ..................................................................
74
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1Types of Figurative Language in Quran .............................
65
Table 4.2Meaning of Figurative Language in Quran .........................
68
xiii
LANGUAGE USED IN AL-QURAN (AL-BAQARAH)
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
LAILA INDAH CAHYANINGSIH
A320100166
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
i
MOTTO
Demi waktu matahari sepenggalahan naik, dan demi malam apabila telah
sunyi, Tuhanmu tiada meninggalkankamu dan tiada pula benci kepadamu,
dan sesungguhnya akhir itu lebih baik bagimu dari permulaan.
(QS. Ad-Duha 1-4)
Kegigihan akan mendatangkan kesuksesan.
v
DEDICATION
From my deep heart and great love, this research paper is dedicated to:
ALLAH SWT
My beloved Daddy and Mommy,
My beloved brother,
My beloved Hafizh Hasbur Rachman,
All the research consultants, and
All my best friend.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikumwarahmatullahiwabarokatuh,
Alhamdulillah hirobbil ‘alamin, in the name of Allah, Most Gracious,
Most Merciful and price to Allah SWT, Lord of the world so that the writer can
finish the research paper as a partial fulfillment of requirements for the graduate
degree of education. It is because of His blessing and guidance, that the writer is
finally able to finish his research paper. It is entitled “A PRAGMATICS
PERSPECTIVE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN AL-QURAN
(AL-BAQARAH)”.
The writer fully realizes that the research paper could not be finished
without the help of other people. Therefore, on this opportunity, she would like to
express the gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno,M.Hum., as Dean of the School of Teacher
Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Drs. H. Maryadi, MA. as the first consultant for the great help, advice,
and guidance,
3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Aryatmi, M.Hum. as the second consultant for the great
help and guidance,
4. Dra. Malikatul
Laila, M. Hum. as the writer’s academic advisor has
guided so far,
vii
5. All lecturers in English Department for guiding, knowledge, support and
meaningful advices, so that she can understand English better,
6. Her beloved father and mother, Mr. Sukasno and Mrs. Sulastri who have
given their energy, support, and everything,
7. Her beloved brother, Hafid Bagus Cahyasaputra, who give support,
8. Her beloved Hafizh Hasbur Rachman, who give support and suggestion,
9. Her best friend, Safika, who helps the researcher,
10. Lastly, all her friends in English Department who give support.
Finally, the researcher wants to thanks the reader who wants to give their
some criticism, suggestion, and revision to order to make this research paper
better.
Wassalammu’alaikumwarohmatullahiwabarakatuh
Surakarta,
December 2014
The writer
Laila Indah Cahyaningsih
viii
SUMMARY
Laila Indah Cahyaningsih. A320100166.A PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE
OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN AL-QURAN (AL-BAQARAH).
Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2015.
This research paper is about an analysis of figurative language used in AlQuran. The major problems in this study are to know the types of figurative
language used in Al-Quran, to know the meaning of figurative language found in
the Al-Quran and to reveal the dominant figurative language in the Al-Quran.
The primary sources of data are the research is conducted by using
descriptive qualitative research. The method of the data collection is
documentation. Based on the research, the researcher concludes that in analyzing
literary work, especially Al-Quran, the researcher uses a part of whole figures of
speech; they are simile, personification, symbol, hyperbole, and metaphor.
Based on the analysis, the study reveals that there are many meanings and
types of figurative language in Al-Quran. The dominant figurative language in AlQuran is simile and his minor figures of speech are personification, symbol,
hyperbole, and metaphor. The meaning revealed from the Al-Quran conventional
implicature and conversational implicature.
Keywords: Pragmatics, figurative language.
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Drs. H. Maryadi, MA.
NIP. 1958 03 04 1986 03 1001
Dra. SitiZuhriahAryatmi, M.Hum.
NIK. 225
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ..............................................................................................
i
APPROVAL.......................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY.....................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...................................................................................
vi
ACNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................
vii
SUMMARY .......................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT .....................................................................
x
LIST OF TABLE ...............................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
1
A. Background of Study
1
B. Problem Statement
9
C. Objective of the Study
9
D. Limitation of Study
9
E. Benefit of the Study
10
F. Research Paper Organization
10
UNDERLYING THEORY
12
A. Previous Study …………………………
B. Underlying Theory …………………….
1. Pragmatics
a. Notion of Pragmatics …….
x
12
12
b. Principles of Pragmatics
1) Deixis
14
2) Presupposition
14
3) Entailment
15
4) Speech Act
15
5) Implicature
17
C. Figurative Language
19
1. Notion of Figurative Language
19
2. Types of Figurative Language
20
a. Simile
20
b. Metaphor
21
c. Personification
21
d. Metonymy
22
e. Hyperbole
22
f. Apostrophe
23
g. Synecdoche
24
h. Symbol
24
i. Allegory
24
j. Paradox
25
k. Understatement
26
l. Irony
26
27
D. Al-Quran
xi
14
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
RESEARCH METHOD
30
A. Type of Study
30
B. Object of the Study
30
C. Data and Source of Data
30
D. Technique of Collecting Data
30
E. Technique of Analyzing Data
31
DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION …
32
A. Data Analysis
32
1. Types of Figurative Language ……..
32
2. Meaning of Figurative Language ….
32
B. Discussion of the Finding
65
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...........
70
a. Conclusion
70
b. Suggestion
71
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..............................................................................
73
VIRTUAL REFERENCE ..................................................................
74
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1Types of Figurative Language in Quran .............................
65
Table 4.2Meaning of Figurative Language in Quran .........................
68
xiii