DESIGN OF AFA HOTEL 8 STORIES WITH STEEL CONSTRUCTION IN SURAKARTA Design of Afa Hotel 8 Stories with Steel Construction in Surakarta.
DESIGN OF AFA HOTEL 8 STORIES WITH STEEL CONSTRUCTION
IN SURAKARTA
Final Project
In partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering Degree in Civil Engineering
Prepared by :
Dwi Prasetyo Utomo
NIM : D 100 112 011
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2015
MOTTO
“The only way to have the greatest work in your life
is love what you do first”
(Anonim)
“And whenever you give your word, say the truth”
(al-An`aam 6:152)
“You are creator for your own future “
(Anonim)
“Idza shodaqol ‘azmu wadhohas sabil”
(Mahfudzot)
“Do your own thingking independently
Be the chess player, not the chess piece”
(Anonim)
“Make up one idea. Make that idea on your life
– think of it, dream of it, live on that idea.
Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part
of your body, be full of that idea,
and just leave every other idea alone.
This is the way to success.
(Swami Vivekananda)
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PREFACE
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah azza wa jalla who has given blessing
and mercies until this Final Project can be completed. This Final Project to
complete most the requirement to achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil
Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta. The author also says thanks for all parties who give any support for
arrangement this Final Project until it can be completed.
The accomplishment this Final Project the author will say thanks to other
parties :
1) Sri Sunarjono, PhD. as the Dean of Engineering Faculty of Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
2) Mochamad Solikin, PhD. as Head of Civil Engineering Department of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
3) Anto Budi Listyawan, S.T, M.Sc. as author’s academic advisor who has given
many suggestion for author’s academic.
4) Ir. Abdul Rochman, MT. as major advisor who has guided and taught the
author.
5) Basuki, ST., MT. as secondary advisor who has guided and taught the author.
6) Muhammad Ujianto, ST., MT. as examiner who has given some advices to
make this final project better.
7) All lecturers in Civil Engineering Department of Engineering Faculty of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta thanks for your guidance and
knowledge.
8) Dad, mom and my beloved family who always give me support. Thanks for
your praise and wish a long this time, may Allah give you a reward as well as
you give to me.
9) All my friends for Civil Engineering International Program, thanks for your
time as my partner and for Civil Engineering period 2011, you are the best for
me.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Pages
CERTIFICATION’S SHEET ................................................................
DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP ..................................................
MOTTO ...................................................................................................
PREFACE...............................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENT ..........................................................................
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................
LIST OF NOTATION ............................................................................
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................
I.
INTRODUCTION .........................................................................
A. Background ...............................................................................
B. Problem Formulations........................................................................
C. Purpose and Planning Advantage .....................................................
D. Limitation Problem...................................................................
II. LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................
A. General.......................................................................................
B. Loads .........................................................................................
C. Load Combinations.............................................................................
III. BASICS TEORY.............................................................................
A. Generally ...................................................................................
B. Non-SMF Beam..................................................................................
1.
2.
Flexure design ............................................................................
Shear design ...............................................................................
C. Composite beam........................................................................
D. Non-SMF Column.....................................................................
E. SMF beam..................................................................................
1. Trial reduction design..........................................................
2. Check beam element slenderness........................................
3. Spacing of Lateral Bracing..................................................
4. Available Flexural Strength.................................................
5. Available Shear Strength.....................................................
6. Lateral Bracing....................................................................
F. SMF column..............................................................................
G. RBS connection.........................................................................
1. Check beam limitations.......................................................
2. Check column limitations....................................................
3. Beam flange-to-column flange weld limitations………….
4. Beam web-to-column flange connection limitations……...
5. Design procedure.................................................................
H. Base Plate....................................................................................
I. Connection.................................................................................
1. Classification of connection .................................................
2. Bolt connection.....................................................................
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3. Weld connection....................................................................
4. Connecting element...............................................................
J. Foundation..................................................................................
1. Point bearing capacity............................................................
2. Friction resistance..................................................................
3. Allowable load, Qall................................................................
4. Group efficiency....................................................................
5. Control of maximum load per pile...........................................
K. Pile Cap...............................................................................................
IV. RESEARCH METHODS ..............................................................
A. Planning Data..............................................................................
B. Planning Tools.............................................................................
C. The Stages of Planning.................................................................
V.
SECONDARY STRUCTURE ................................................................
A. Stairs Design.......................................................................................
1. Data of Stairs.........................................................................
2. Design rise and tread of stairs..................................................
3. Design of tread plate...............................................................
4. Design support of tread plate...................................................
5. Planning of landing plate.......................................................
6. Planning of supported landing plate........................................
7. Planning of stairs member......................................................
8. Planning Support beam...........................................................
9. Planning connection of stairs...................................................
B. Planning Floor Deck……………………………………….........
1. Planning Data........................................................................
2. Planning Deck Composite Before Cure....................................
3. Planning Deck Composite After Cure......................................
4. Shear strength........................................................................
5. Planning Studs.......................................................................
6. Planning shrinkage reinforcement...........................................
7. Planning transversal girder reinforcement................................
C. Planning Secondary Beam............................................................
1. Planning Data........................................................................
2. Secondary Beam Before Cure.................................................
3. Secondary Beam After Cure...................................................
D. Planning of Non-SMF Beam.........................................................
1. Planning Data........................................................................
2. Secondary Beam Before Cure.................................................
3. Non-SMF Beam After Cure....................................................
E. Connection Design of Secondary Beam to Non-SMF Beam............
1. Planning Connection at the secondary beam.............................
2. Planning Connection at the Non-SMF beam.............................
F. Planning Beam Lift......................................................................
1. Planning Data........................................................................
2. Planning Traction Machine Beam (TMB) ...............................
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3. Beam Support Traction Machine Beam (BSTMB) ...................
LOADS AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS.......................................
A. Generally.....................................................................................
B. Loads..........................................................................................
1. Dead Loads...........................................................................
2. Live Loads............................................................................
3. Notional Load.......................................................................
4. Earthquake Loads..................................................................
C. Structural Analysis.......................................................................
VII. PRIMARY STRUCTURE DESIGN..................................................
A. Planning of SMF Column.............................................................
1. Determine amplified factor....................................................
2. Calculated amplified moment................................................
3. Calculated amplified axial load..............................................
4. Determine Column Strength..................................................
B. Planning of SMF Beam................................................................
C. Planning Connection of Reduction Beam Section...........................
D. SMF Column Splice Design..........................................................
E. Planning Non-SMF Column..........................................................
1. Calculate Required Strength...................................................
2. Determine Column Strength...................................................
F. Beam-Column Joint (Non-SMF) ..................................................
1. Planning Connection at the Beam...........................................
2. Planning Connection at the Column Flange.............................
G. Base Plate Design.........................................................................
VIII. FOUNDATION DESIGN..................................................................
A. Planning Driven Pile.....................................................................
1. Reinforcement of driven pile..................................................
2. Soil resistance.......................................................................
B. Planning Pile Cap........................................................................
1. Shear Stress Control.............................................................
2. Pile Cap Reinforcement........................................................
C. Development Length (Hooks 90o) ................................................
D. Anchor to Concrete......................................................................
E. Planning sloof..............................................................................
VI.
1. Longitudinal reinforcement.................................................
2. Shear reinforcement.............................................................
IX.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .....................................
A. Conclusion ................................................................................
B. Recommendation ......................................................................
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
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LIST OF TABLES
Table II.1
Table II.2
Table II.3
Table III.1
Table V.1
Table V.2
Table V.3
Table VI.1
Table VI.2
Table VI.3
Table VI.4
Table VI.5
Table VI.6
Table VI.7
Table VI.7
Table VII.1
Table VII.2
Table VII.3
Table VII.4
Table VII.5
Table VII.6
Table VII.7
Table VII.8
Table VIII.1
Importance factor for any loads
Coefficient for upper limit on calculated period
Values of approximate period parameters Ct and x in SI units
Deflection limits
Deck composite before cure
Deck composite after cure
Reinforcement of deck composite
The weight of each story of the building
Equivalent lateral force distribution X direction each story
Equivalent lateral force distribution Y direction each story
Torsional irregularity
Story drift control in X direction
Story drift control in Y direction
Stability control in X direction
Stability control in Y direction
Deflection and drift story in X direction
Deflection and drift story in Y direction
B1 factor direction X
B2 factor direction X
B1 factor direction Y
B2 factor direction Y
Column force of C4 in X direction
Column force of C4 in Y direction
N-SPT data
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228
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure II.1
Figure II.2
Figure II.3
Figure II.4
Figure III.1
Figure III.2
Figure III.3
Figure III.4
Figure III.5
Figure III.6
Figure III.7
Figure III.8
Figure III.9
Figure III.10
Figure III.11
Figure III.12
Figure III.13
Figure III.14
Figure III.15
Figure III.16
Figure III.17
Figure III.18
Figure III.19
Figure III.20
Figure IV.1
Figure V.1
Figure V.2
Figure V.3
Figure V.4
Figure V.5
Figure V.6
Figure V.7
Figure V.8
Figure V.9
Figure V.10
Figure V.11
Figure V.12
Figure V.13
Figure V.14
Figure V.15
Figure V.16
Figure V.17
Procedure for determine type of earthquake loads
analysis
Torsional amplification factor
Story drift determination
Procedure for determine earthquake loads
Procedure for determine shear strength
Plastic stress distribution PNA in the concrete
Steel deck limits
Steel anchor arrangements
Lower-bound moment of inertia
Reduced beam section connection
Beam dimensions
Free-body diagram of the between RBS cuts
Free-body diagram between center of RBS and face of
column
Procedure for design RBS connection
Geometry base plate
Base plate with small moment
Base plate with large moment
Procedure design base plate
Moment connection behavior
Ultimate load-carriying capacity of pile
Soil stress of pile group
Procedure for determine driven pile capacity
Shear control of pile cap
Reinforcement of pile cap
The Stage of the planning
Stairs plan
Section A – A
Tread plate and supported plate
Section I – I
Load distribution of tread plate
Bending moment diagram of tread plate
Load sketch of supported tread plate
Section I – I
Load distribution of tread plate support
Bending moment diagram of tread plate support
Load distribution of point load
Bending moment diagram of point load
Load sketch of landing stairs
Section I – I
Load distribution of landing plate
Bending moment diagram of landing plate
Sketch of supported landing plate loads
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Figure V.18
Figure V.19
Figure V.20
Figure V.21
Figure V.22
Figure V.23
Figure V.24
Figure V.25
Figure V.26
Figure V.27
Figure V.28
Figure V.29
Figure V.30
Figure V.31
Figure V.32
Figure V.33
Figure V.34
Figure V.35
Figure V.36
Figure V.37
Figure V.38
Figure V.39
Figure V.40
Figure V.41
Figure V.42
Figure V.43
Figure V.44
Figure V.45
Figure V.46
Figure V.47
Figure V.48
Figure V.49
Figure V.50
Figure V.51
Figure V.52
Figure V.53
Figure V.54
Figure V.55
Figure V.56
Figure V.57
Figure V.58
Figure V.59
Section I – I
Load distribution of supported landing plate
Bending moment diagram of supported landing plate
Point loads of supported landing plate
Bending moment diagram of supported landing plate
Member shape C8x18,75
Sketch of member loads
Section A - A
Sketch of stairs member
Bending moment diagram of stairs member
Shear force diagram of stairs member
Axial force diagram of stairs member
Deflection of stairs member
Member sketch W12 x 35
Load distribution of support beam
Bending moment diagram of support beam
Shear force diagram of support beam
Connection of landing member to support beam
Connection between member stairs
Sketch welding connection with stairs member
Sketch of weld dimension
Deck composite plan
Section of deck composite
Sketch of Deck Composite
Sketch cracked section
Sketch un-cracked section
Sketch of shear capacity of deck composite
Secondary beam plan
Section secondary beam
Load distribution of secondary beam before cure
Bending moment diagram of secondary beam before
cure
Stress distribution
Sketch force on the composite cross-section
Sketch the cross-section of composite after
transformation
Non-SMF beam plan
Section Non-SMF beam
Load distribution of beam before cure
Bending moment diagram of beam before cure
Load distribution of beam after cure
Bending moment diagram of beam after cure
Stress distribution
Sketch the cross-section of composite after
transformation
xii
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Figure V.60
Figure V.61
Figure V.62
Figure V.63
Figure V.64
Figure V.65
Figure V.66
Figure V.67
Figure V.68
Figure V.69
Figure V.70
Figure V.71
Figure V.72
Figure V.73
Figure VI.1
Figure VI.2
Figure VI.3
Figure VI.4
Figure VI.5
Figure VI.6
Figure VI.7
Figure VI.8
Figure VI.9
Figure VI.10
Figure VI.11
Figure VI.12
Figure VI.13
Figure VI.14
Figure VI.15
Figure VI.16
Figure VI.17
Figure VI.18
Figure VI.19
Figure VI.20
Figure VI.21
Figure VI.22
Figure VI.23
Figure VI.24
Figure VI.25
The force on the connection of beams
The details of the connection secondary beam to NonSMF beam
Flexural local buckling of beam coped at top flange
only
Block shear rupture of beam coped at top flange only
Block shear rupture of angle
The details of the connection secondary beam to NonSMF beam
Block shear rupture of angle
Detail load on the bolt detail can make resultant of
force
Compressive force because moment
Hoistway Plan
Machine room plan
Hoistway elevation
Distribution load and point load
Distribution load and point load
SMF configuration frame plan
Modeled structure using 3D
SMF As 1
Non-SMF AS 2
SMF AS A
SMF AS B
Non-SMF AS C
Reaction of stairs roof because dead load
Reaction of lift roof because dead load
Reaction of stairs roof because live load
Reaction of lift roof because live load
SMF Frame at The Perimeter building
Menu File
New Model Inialitation
New Model Quick Templates
Grid System Data
Story Data
Model Structure
Material Properties
Define Material
Material Property Data For Concrete
Material Property Data
Material Property Data for Metal Deck
Add New Material Properties for Non-SMF Structural
Steel
Define Materials
xiii
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Figure VI.26
Figure VI.27
Figure VI.28
Figure VI.29
Figure VI.30
Figure VI.31
Figure VI.32
Figure VI.33
Figure VI.34
Figure VI.35
Figure VI.36
Figure VI.37
Figure VI.38
Figure VI.39
Figure VI.40
Figure VI.41
Figure VI.42
Figure VI.43
Figure VI.44
Figure VI.45
Figure VI.46
Figure VI.47
Figure VI.48
Figure VII.1
Figure VII.2
Figure VII.3
Figure VII.4
Figure VII.5
Figure VII.6
Figure VII.7
Figure VII.8
Figure VII.9
Figure VII.10
Figure VII.11
Figure VII.12
Figure VII.13
Figure VII.14
Figure VII.15
Figure VII.16
Figure VII.17
Figure VII.18
Menu Define Section Properties
Frame Property Shape Import Data
Frame Property
Menu Define Deck Sections
Deck Property Data
Menu Define Load Patterns
Define Load Patterns
Auto Notional Load Generation
Dead Loads
Dead weight on the 1st floor
Live load
Live load on the 1st floor
Menu define Mass Source
Mass Source Data
Equivalent lateral force each story in X direction
Equivalent lateral force each story in Y direction
Equivalent lateral force each story in X direction
Equivalent lateral force each story in Y direction
Reduced Stiffness
Un-deformed Shape and Member Name
Axial Force Diagram Frame AS 1 Load Combinations
13
Shear Force 2-2 Diagram Frame AS 1 Load
Combinations 13
Moment 3-3 Diagram Frame AS 1 Load Combinations
13
Labeling of SMF AS 1
Frame labeling of SMF AS 1
Reduced beam section connection
Bracing configuration
Special Moment Frame AS 1
Reduced beam section connection
Beam dimensions
Free-body diagram of the between RBS cuts
Free-body diagram between center of RBS and face of
column
Dimension for access hole geometry
Final connection design and geometry side view
Final connection design and geometry top view
SMF column splice design
Dimension for access hole geometry
SMF splice final design
Frame labeling of SMF AS 1
Frame labeling of Non-SMF AS C
Beam-column connection
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Figure VII.19
Figure VII.20
Figure VII.21
Figure VII.22
Figure VII.23
Figure VII.24
Figure VII.25
Figure VII.26
Figure VII.27
Figure VII.28
Figure VIII.1
Figure VIII.2
Figure VIII.3
Figure VIII.4
Figure VIII.5
Figure VIII.6
Figure VIII.7
Figure VIII.8
Figure VIII.9
Figure VIII.10
Figure VIII.11
Figure VIII.12
Figure VIII.13
Figure VIII.14
Figure VIII.15
Figure VIII.16
Figure VIII.17
Figure VIII.18
Figure VIII.19
Figure VIII.20
Figure VIII.21
Figure VIII.22
Figure VIII.23
The details of the connection beam to column
Block shear rupture of angle
The details of the connection beam to column flange
Block shear rupture of angle
Detail load on the bolt detail can make resultant of
force
Compressive force because moment
Label of SMF AS 1
Assume bending lines and dimensions
Base plate with small moment
Final connection base plate detail
Driven pile foundation
Pull up the pile use two point
(a) Bending force diagram, (b) shear force diagram
Pull up with one point
(a) Bending force diagram, (b) shear force diagram
Longitudinal reinforcement of pile
Shear reinforcement of pile
Configuration of group pile
Pile cap geometry
One-way shear stress
Two-way shear stress
Analysis of pile cap as a cantilever beam
Development length (Hooks 90o) for pile cap
reinforcement
Anchor geometry
Calculation of Avco
Shear anchor are located in narrow members of
limiting thickness
Definition of ev’ for a group anchor
Concrete pry-out failure
Calculation of ANCO and ANC for single anchors and
group of anchors
Definition of eN’ for a group anchor
Longitudinal reinforcement of sloof
Shear reinforcement of sloof
Final design of foundation and pile cap
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LIST OF NOTATION
a
ABM
Agv
Ant
Anv
Asa
Ax
Aw
Awe
b
bbf
bf,RBS
B1
B2
c
Cd
Cm
Cs
Ct
Cu
Cv
Cvx
d
D
e
ecrit
E
Ec
Fa
Fv
Fcr
Fe
FnBM
Fnv
Fnw
FS
Fu
Fx
fp(max)
h
hi, hx
Hr
hsx
I
Ie
k
K
kv
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
depth of compressive block, mm
cross-sectional area of the base metal, mm2
gross area subject to shear, mm2
net area subject to tension, mm2
net area subject to shear, mm2
cross-sectional area of steel headed stud anchor, mm2
torsional amplification factor
area of the web, mm2
effective area of the weld, mm2
length of an RBS cut, mm
width of beam flange, mm
width of RBS beam flange, mm
multiplier to account for P-δ effects
multiplier to account for P-Δ effects
depth of cut at center of the reduced beam section, mm
the deflection amplification factor
coefficient assuming no lateral translation of the frame
The seismic response coefficient
Values of approximate period parameters
the coefficient for upper limit on calculated period
Web shear coefficient
vertical distribution factor
overall depth of the beam, mm
dead load, kN
equivalent eccentricity, mm
critical eccentricity, mm
earthquake load, kN
modulus of elasticity of concrete, Mpa
short-period site coefficient
long-period site coefficient
Critical stress, Mpa
elastic buckling stress, Mpa
nominal stress of the base metal, Mpa
nominal shear strength, Mpa
nominal stress of the weld metal, Mpa
factor of safety
specified minimum tensile strength, Mpa
lateral seismic force, kN
maximum concrete bearing stress, Mpa
high of web, mm
the height from the base to level i or x, m
nominal rib height, mm
the story height below level x, m
moment of inertia, cm4
Seismic importance factor
distribution exponent
The effective length factor
the web plate shear buckling coefficient
xvi
L
Lb
le
Lh
Lp
Lr
=
=
=
=
=
=
Mc
MCER
Mf
Mlt
Mn
Mnt
=
=
=
=
=
=
Mpe
Mpr
Mr
Mu
Mx
My
n
Ni
n1
n2
N60
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Pa
Pc
Plt
Pn
Pnt
=
=
=
=
=
Pmax
Pmf
=
=
Pr
Prb
=
=
Pstory
Px
Pe story
=
=
=
Qall
Qn
Qp
Qs
Qu
r
R
R
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
live load, kN
distance between braces, mm
Bolt edge-distance, mm
distance between plastic hinges, mm
Limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of yielding, mm
Limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of inelastic lateral-torsional
buckling, mm
available flexural strength, N-mm
Risk-adjusted maximum considered earthquake
moment at the face of the column, N-mm
first-order moment using LRFD, due to lateral translation of the structure only
Nominal moment, N-mm
first-order moment using LRFD, with the structure restrained against lateral
translation, N-mm
expected plastic moment of the beam, N-mm
probable plastic moment at the center of the reduced beam section, N-mm
required flexural strength, N-mm
required moment strength, N-mm
moment in the X direction, N-mm
moment in the Y direction, N-mm
number of bolt
notional load applied at level i, kN
number of pile in row
number of pile in column
the average value of the standard penetration number near the pile point (about 10D
above and 4D below the pile point)
atmospheric pressure, kN/m2
axial strength design, kN
first-order axial force using LRFD, due to lateral translation of the structure only, kN
nominal compressive strength, kN
first-order axial force using LRFD, with the structure restrained against lateral
translation, kN
equivalent of vertical load for pile, kN
total vertical load in columns in the story that are part of moment frames,if any, in
the direction of translation being considered, kN
required axial strength, kN
required strength of nodal lateral bracing away from an ecpected plastic hinge
location, kN
total vertical load supported by the story, kN
the total vertical design load at and above Level x, kN
elastic critical buckling strength for the story in the direction of translation being
considered, kN
allowable load-carrying capacity for each pile, kN
shear capacity of a single stud, kN
point bearing capacity, kN
friction resistance (skin friction) derived from the soil-pile interface, kN
ultimate load-carrying capacity, kN
radius of gyration, mm
The appropriate response modification coefficient
RBS radius of cut, mm
xvii
S
S1
Sd1
SdS
Sh
SMS
SM1
S1
SS
T
tcf
TL
tp(req)
tw
VRBS
Vs
Vu
Vx
W
wi, wx
Wr
x
Xmax
Σx2
y
Ymax
Y
Yi
Σy2
ZRBS
Zx
Ωo
δxe
Δ
β
br
ρ
λ
λp
λr
ϕ
ϕb
ϕv
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Spacing between bolt, mm
Pile edge-distance, mm
The design spectral response acceleration at 1 second period
The design spectral response acceleration at short period
distance from face of the column to the plastic hinge, mm
The mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter for short periods
The mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter for 1 s periods
the mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 s
The mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods
the fundamental period of the structure, s
thickness column flange, mm
long-period transition period, s
minimum plate thickness, mm
thickness of web, mm
shear forces at RBS, kN
The seismic base shear, kN
required shear strength, kN
the seismic shear force acting between Levels x and x – 1, kN
the effective seismic weight, kN
the portion of the total effective seismic weight (W) located, kN
average width of concrete rib, mm
subscript relating symbol to strong axis bending, mm
the longest distance of pile in X direction, mm
total of absis quadratic X each pile based neutral line of group pile, mm
subscript relating symbol to weak axis bending, mm
the longest distance of pile in Y direction, mm
the bearing length, mm
gravity load applied at level i, kN
total of absis quadratic Y each pile based neutral line of group pile
plastic section modulus at center of the reduced beam section, cm3
plastic section modulus about the x-axis, for full beam cross section, cm3
overstrength factor
the deflection at the location required determined by an elastic analysis
the design story drift occurring simultaneously with Vx
the ratio of shear demand to shear capacity for the story between levels x and x–1
minimum stiffness for lateral bracing
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
stability coefficient
a redundancy factor
pile group efficiency
width-to-thickness ratio
upper limit for compact category
upper limit for non-compact category
resistance factor
resistance factor for bending
resistance factor for shear
xviii
ABSTRACT
Surakarta is a town of tourism in Indonesia. The tourists who come to the city
of Surakarta, need a place to stay in order to enjoy the beauty of Javanese culture
and historic places in Surakarta. The hotel is a building that is used for the
residence for tourists. This final project will be to design the hotel AFA 8 stories in
Surakarta with steel construction. In the analysis using direct analysis method. This
method is a new method in planning of steel structure. Special moment frame
(SMF) are system choose, because special moment frame is a common seismic
lateral force resisting system use in steel structure. The special moment frame is the
best system in building because the beam can develop the seismic force in the
plastic hinge. The reduction beam section (RBS) is the best connection in the
special moment frame because the plastic hinge occur in the expected point of
beam. This final project explains the design special moment frame and details the
seismic specification used in design.. The standard code use for design building are
American Standard Codes (ASCE, AISC and ACI). Analysis structure in the design
calculation use software ETABS 2015. The pile foundation will use in the building
to support the load from column and then transfer it to stiffness soil with 11 m in
depth. The result in design dimension of SMF column W14x370, SMF beam W21x132,
Non-SMF column W14x257, and Non-SMF beam W21x68 are satisfied to use in the
building. Dimension base plate 80 cm x 75 cm x 5 cm is satisfied. The pile
foundation with 30 cm x 30 cm diameter are satisfied to resist the load. Sloof use
dimension 30 cm x 50 cm. Longitudinal reinforcement use 8D16 and shear
reinforcement Ф10-200 mm.
Key words: Surakarta, special moment frame, reduction beam section, hotel.
xix
IN SURAKARTA
Final Project
In partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering Degree in Civil Engineering
Prepared by :
Dwi Prasetyo Utomo
NIM : D 100 112 011
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2015
MOTTO
“The only way to have the greatest work in your life
is love what you do first”
(Anonim)
“And whenever you give your word, say the truth”
(al-An`aam 6:152)
“You are creator for your own future “
(Anonim)
“Idza shodaqol ‘azmu wadhohas sabil”
(Mahfudzot)
“Do your own thingking independently
Be the chess player, not the chess piece”
(Anonim)
“Make up one idea. Make that idea on your life
– think of it, dream of it, live on that idea.
Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part
of your body, be full of that idea,
and just leave every other idea alone.
This is the way to success.
(Swami Vivekananda)
iv
PREFACE
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah azza wa jalla who has given blessing
and mercies until this Final Project can be completed. This Final Project to
complete most the requirement to achieve S-1 graduate degree in Civil
Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta. The author also says thanks for all parties who give any support for
arrangement this Final Project until it can be completed.
The accomplishment this Final Project the author will say thanks to other
parties :
1) Sri Sunarjono, PhD. as the Dean of Engineering Faculty of Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
2) Mochamad Solikin, PhD. as Head of Civil Engineering Department of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
3) Anto Budi Listyawan, S.T, M.Sc. as author’s academic advisor who has given
many suggestion for author’s academic.
4) Ir. Abdul Rochman, MT. as major advisor who has guided and taught the
author.
5) Basuki, ST., MT. as secondary advisor who has guided and taught the author.
6) Muhammad Ujianto, ST., MT. as examiner who has given some advices to
make this final project better.
7) All lecturers in Civil Engineering Department of Engineering Faculty of
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta thanks for your guidance and
knowledge.
8) Dad, mom and my beloved family who always give me support. Thanks for
your praise and wish a long this time, may Allah give you a reward as well as
you give to me.
9) All my friends for Civil Engineering International Program, thanks for your
time as my partner and for Civil Engineering period 2011, you are the best for
me.
v
TABLE OF CONTENT
Pages
CERTIFICATION’S SHEET ................................................................
DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP ..................................................
MOTTO ...................................................................................................
PREFACE...............................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENT ..........................................................................
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................
LIST OF NOTATION ............................................................................
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................
I.
INTRODUCTION .........................................................................
A. Background ...............................................................................
B. Problem Formulations........................................................................
C. Purpose and Planning Advantage .....................................................
D. Limitation Problem...................................................................
II. LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................
A. General.......................................................................................
B. Loads .........................................................................................
C. Load Combinations.............................................................................
III. BASICS TEORY.............................................................................
A. Generally ...................................................................................
B. Non-SMF Beam..................................................................................
1.
2.
Flexure design ............................................................................
Shear design ...............................................................................
C. Composite beam........................................................................
D. Non-SMF Column.....................................................................
E. SMF beam..................................................................................
1. Trial reduction design..........................................................
2. Check beam element slenderness........................................
3. Spacing of Lateral Bracing..................................................
4. Available Flexural Strength.................................................
5. Available Shear Strength.....................................................
6. Lateral Bracing....................................................................
F. SMF column..............................................................................
G. RBS connection.........................................................................
1. Check beam limitations.......................................................
2. Check column limitations....................................................
3. Beam flange-to-column flange weld limitations………….
4. Beam web-to-column flange connection limitations……...
5. Design procedure.................................................................
H. Base Plate....................................................................................
I. Connection.................................................................................
1. Classification of connection .................................................
2. Bolt connection.....................................................................
vii
ii
iii
iv
v
vii
x
xi
xvi
xix
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
12
13
13
14
14
16
18
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
26
27
30
30
30
30
31
31
38
42
42
43
3. Weld connection....................................................................
4. Connecting element...............................................................
J. Foundation..................................................................................
1. Point bearing capacity............................................................
2. Friction resistance..................................................................
3. Allowable load, Qall................................................................
4. Group efficiency....................................................................
5. Control of maximum load per pile...........................................
K. Pile Cap...............................................................................................
IV. RESEARCH METHODS ..............................................................
A. Planning Data..............................................................................
B. Planning Tools.............................................................................
C. The Stages of Planning.................................................................
V.
SECONDARY STRUCTURE ................................................................
A. Stairs Design.......................................................................................
1. Data of Stairs.........................................................................
2. Design rise and tread of stairs..................................................
3. Design of tread plate...............................................................
4. Design support of tread plate...................................................
5. Planning of landing plate.......................................................
6. Planning of supported landing plate........................................
7. Planning of stairs member......................................................
8. Planning Support beam...........................................................
9. Planning connection of stairs...................................................
B. Planning Floor Deck……………………………………….........
1. Planning Data........................................................................
2. Planning Deck Composite Before Cure....................................
3. Planning Deck Composite After Cure......................................
4. Shear strength........................................................................
5. Planning Studs.......................................................................
6. Planning shrinkage reinforcement...........................................
7. Planning transversal girder reinforcement................................
C. Planning Secondary Beam............................................................
1. Planning Data........................................................................
2. Secondary Beam Before Cure.................................................
3. Secondary Beam After Cure...................................................
D. Planning of Non-SMF Beam.........................................................
1. Planning Data........................................................................
2. Secondary Beam Before Cure.................................................
3. Non-SMF Beam After Cure....................................................
E. Connection Design of Secondary Beam to Non-SMF Beam............
1. Planning Connection at the secondary beam.............................
2. Planning Connection at the Non-SMF beam.............................
F. Planning Beam Lift......................................................................
1. Planning Data........................................................................
2. Planning Traction Machine Beam (TMB) ...............................
viii
43
44
45
45
45
46
46
47
49
51
51
51
51
53
53
53
53
54
57
60
62
66
72
76
79
80
80
82
85
85
86
87
90
90
92
94
98
98
100
104
108
108
115
120
120
122
3. Beam Support Traction Machine Beam (BSTMB) ...................
LOADS AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS.......................................
A. Generally.....................................................................................
B. Loads..........................................................................................
1. Dead Loads...........................................................................
2. Live Loads............................................................................
3. Notional Load.......................................................................
4. Earthquake Loads..................................................................
C. Structural Analysis.......................................................................
VII. PRIMARY STRUCTURE DESIGN..................................................
A. Planning of SMF Column.............................................................
1. Determine amplified factor....................................................
2. Calculated amplified moment................................................
3. Calculated amplified axial load..............................................
4. Determine Column Strength..................................................
B. Planning of SMF Beam................................................................
C. Planning Connection of Reduction Beam Section...........................
D. SMF Column Splice Design..........................................................
E. Planning Non-SMF Column..........................................................
1. Calculate Required Strength...................................................
2. Determine Column Strength...................................................
F. Beam-Column Joint (Non-SMF) ..................................................
1. Planning Connection at the Beam...........................................
2. Planning Connection at the Column Flange.............................
G. Base Plate Design.........................................................................
VIII. FOUNDATION DESIGN..................................................................
A. Planning Driven Pile.....................................................................
1. Reinforcement of driven pile..................................................
2. Soil resistance.......................................................................
B. Planning Pile Cap........................................................................
1. Shear Stress Control.............................................................
2. Pile Cap Reinforcement........................................................
C. Development Length (Hooks 90o) ................................................
D. Anchor to Concrete......................................................................
E. Planning sloof..............................................................................
VI.
1. Longitudinal reinforcement.................................................
2. Shear reinforcement.............................................................
IX.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .....................................
A. Conclusion ................................................................................
B. Recommendation ......................................................................
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
ix
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128
128
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206
211
219
219
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232
232
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240
241
249
249
251
252
252
252
LIST OF TABLES
Table II.1
Table II.2
Table II.3
Table III.1
Table V.1
Table V.2
Table V.3
Table VI.1
Table VI.2
Table VI.3
Table VI.4
Table VI.5
Table VI.6
Table VI.7
Table VI.7
Table VII.1
Table VII.2
Table VII.3
Table VII.4
Table VII.5
Table VII.6
Table VII.7
Table VII.8
Table VIII.1
Importance factor for any loads
Coefficient for upper limit on calculated period
Values of approximate period parameters Ct and x in SI units
Deflection limits
Deck composite before cure
Deck composite after cure
Reinforcement of deck composite
The weight of each story of the building
Equivalent lateral force distribution X direction each story
Equivalent lateral force distribution Y direction each story
Torsional irregularity
Story drift control in X direction
Story drift control in Y direction
Stability control in X direction
Stability control in Y direction
Deflection and drift story in X direction
Deflection and drift story in Y direction
B1 factor direction X
B2 factor direction X
B1 factor direction Y
B2 factor direction Y
Column force of C4 in X direction
Column force of C4 in Y direction
N-SPT data
x
Pages
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6
6
22
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149
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154
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163
163
164
164
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165
166
166
228
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure II.1
Figure II.2
Figure II.3
Figure II.4
Figure III.1
Figure III.2
Figure III.3
Figure III.4
Figure III.5
Figure III.6
Figure III.7
Figure III.8
Figure III.9
Figure III.10
Figure III.11
Figure III.12
Figure III.13
Figure III.14
Figure III.15
Figure III.16
Figure III.17
Figure III.18
Figure III.19
Figure III.20
Figure IV.1
Figure V.1
Figure V.2
Figure V.3
Figure V.4
Figure V.5
Figure V.6
Figure V.7
Figure V.8
Figure V.9
Figure V.10
Figure V.11
Figure V.12
Figure V.13
Figure V.14
Figure V.15
Figure V.16
Figure V.17
Procedure for determine type of earthquake loads
analysis
Torsional amplification factor
Story drift determination
Procedure for determine earthquake loads
Procedure for determine shear strength
Plastic stress distribution PNA in the concrete
Steel deck limits
Steel anchor arrangements
Lower-bound moment of inertia
Reduced beam section connection
Beam dimensions
Free-body diagram of the between RBS cuts
Free-body diagram between center of RBS and face of
column
Procedure for design RBS connection
Geometry base plate
Base plate with small moment
Base plate with large moment
Procedure design base plate
Moment connection behavior
Ultimate load-carriying capacity of pile
Soil stress of pile group
Procedure for determine driven pile capacity
Shear control of pile cap
Reinforcement of pile cap
The Stage of the planning
Stairs plan
Section A – A
Tread plate and supported plate
Section I – I
Load distribution of tread plate
Bending moment diagram of tread plate
Load sketch of supported tread plate
Section I – I
Load distribution of tread plate support
Bending moment diagram of tread plate support
Load distribution of point load
Bending moment diagram of point load
Load sketch of landing stairs
Section I – I
Load distribution of landing plate
Bending moment diagram of landing plate
Sketch of supported landing plate loads
xi
Pages
8
9
10
11
17
19
21
21
22
30
31
32
33
37
38
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48
49
50
52
53
54
54
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55
55
57
57
57
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58
58
60
60
60
60
62
Figure V.18
Figure V.19
Figure V.20
Figure V.21
Figure V.22
Figure V.23
Figure V.24
Figure V.25
Figure V.26
Figure V.27
Figure V.28
Figure V.29
Figure V.30
Figure V.31
Figure V.32
Figure V.33
Figure V.34
Figure V.35
Figure V.36
Figure V.37
Figure V.38
Figure V.39
Figure V.40
Figure V.41
Figure V.42
Figure V.43
Figure V.44
Figure V.45
Figure V.46
Figure V.47
Figure V.48
Figure V.49
Figure V.50
Figure V.51
Figure V.52
Figure V.53
Figure V.54
Figure V.55
Figure V.56
Figure V.57
Figure V.58
Figure V.59
Section I – I
Load distribution of supported landing plate
Bending moment diagram of supported landing plate
Point loads of supported landing plate
Bending moment diagram of supported landing plate
Member shape C8x18,75
Sketch of member loads
Section A - A
Sketch of stairs member
Bending moment diagram of stairs member
Shear force diagram of stairs member
Axial force diagram of stairs member
Deflection of stairs member
Member sketch W12 x 35
Load distribution of support beam
Bending moment diagram of support beam
Shear force diagram of support beam
Connection of landing member to support beam
Connection between member stairs
Sketch welding connection with stairs member
Sketch of weld dimension
Deck composite plan
Section of deck composite
Sketch of Deck Composite
Sketch cracked section
Sketch un-cracked section
Sketch of shear capacity of deck composite
Secondary beam plan
Section secondary beam
Load distribution of secondary beam before cure
Bending moment diagram of secondary beam before
cure
Stress distribution
Sketch force on the composite cross-section
Sketch the cross-section of composite after
transformation
Non-SMF beam plan
Section Non-SMF beam
Load distribution of beam before cure
Bending moment diagram of beam before cure
Load distribution of beam after cure
Bending moment diagram of beam after cure
Stress distribution
Sketch the cross-section of composite after
transformation
xii
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91
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97
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100
100
104
104
105
106
Figure V.60
Figure V.61
Figure V.62
Figure V.63
Figure V.64
Figure V.65
Figure V.66
Figure V.67
Figure V.68
Figure V.69
Figure V.70
Figure V.71
Figure V.72
Figure V.73
Figure VI.1
Figure VI.2
Figure VI.3
Figure VI.4
Figure VI.5
Figure VI.6
Figure VI.7
Figure VI.8
Figure VI.9
Figure VI.10
Figure VI.11
Figure VI.12
Figure VI.13
Figure VI.14
Figure VI.15
Figure VI.16
Figure VI.17
Figure VI.18
Figure VI.19
Figure VI.20
Figure VI.21
Figure VI.22
Figure VI.23
Figure VI.24
Figure VI.25
The force on the connection of beams
The details of the connection secondary beam to NonSMF beam
Flexural local buckling of beam coped at top flange
only
Block shear rupture of beam coped at top flange only
Block shear rupture of angle
The details of the connection secondary beam to NonSMF beam
Block shear rupture of angle
Detail load on the bolt detail can make resultant of
force
Compressive force because moment
Hoistway Plan
Machine room plan
Hoistway elevation
Distribution load and point load
Distribution load and point load
SMF configuration frame plan
Modeled structure using 3D
SMF As 1
Non-SMF AS 2
SMF AS A
SMF AS B
Non-SMF AS C
Reaction of stairs roof because dead load
Reaction of lift roof because dead load
Reaction of stairs roof because live load
Reaction of lift roof because live load
SMF Frame at The Perimeter building
Menu File
New Model Inialitation
New Model Quick Templates
Grid System Data
Story Data
Model Structure
Material Properties
Define Material
Material Property Data For Concrete
Material Property Data
Material Property Data for Metal Deck
Add New Material Properties for Non-SMF Structural
Steel
Define Materials
xiii
Pages
108
109
111
113
113
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118
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123
126
129
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133
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137
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140
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142
142
Figure VI.26
Figure VI.27
Figure VI.28
Figure VI.29
Figure VI.30
Figure VI.31
Figure VI.32
Figure VI.33
Figure VI.34
Figure VI.35
Figure VI.36
Figure VI.37
Figure VI.38
Figure VI.39
Figure VI.40
Figure VI.41
Figure VI.42
Figure VI.43
Figure VI.44
Figure VI.45
Figure VI.46
Figure VI.47
Figure VI.48
Figure VII.1
Figure VII.2
Figure VII.3
Figure VII.4
Figure VII.5
Figure VII.6
Figure VII.7
Figure VII.8
Figure VII.9
Figure VII.10
Figure VII.11
Figure VII.12
Figure VII.13
Figure VII.14
Figure VII.15
Figure VII.16
Figure VII.17
Figure VII.18
Menu Define Section Properties
Frame Property Shape Import Data
Frame Property
Menu Define Deck Sections
Deck Property Data
Menu Define Load Patterns
Define Load Patterns
Auto Notional Load Generation
Dead Loads
Dead weight on the 1st floor
Live load
Live load on the 1st floor
Menu define Mass Source
Mass Source Data
Equivalent lateral force each story in X direction
Equivalent lateral force each story in Y direction
Equivalent lateral force each story in X direction
Equivalent lateral force each story in Y direction
Reduced Stiffness
Un-deformed Shape and Member Name
Axial Force Diagram Frame AS 1 Load Combinations
13
Shear Force 2-2 Diagram Frame AS 1 Load
Combinations 13
Moment 3-3 Diagram Frame AS 1 Load Combinations
13
Labeling of SMF AS 1
Frame labeling of SMF AS 1
Reduced beam section connection
Bracing configuration
Special Moment Frame AS 1
Reduced beam section connection
Beam dimensions
Free-body diagram of the between RBS cuts
Free-body diagram between center of RBS and face of
column
Dimension for access hole geometry
Final connection design and geometry side view
Final connection design and geometry top view
SMF column splice design
Dimension for access hole geometry
SMF splice final design
Frame labeling of SMF AS 1
Frame labeling of Non-SMF AS C
Beam-column connection
xiv
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184
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Figure VII.19
Figure VII.20
Figure VII.21
Figure VII.22
Figure VII.23
Figure VII.24
Figure VII.25
Figure VII.26
Figure VII.27
Figure VII.28
Figure VIII.1
Figure VIII.2
Figure VIII.3
Figure VIII.4
Figure VIII.5
Figure VIII.6
Figure VIII.7
Figure VIII.8
Figure VIII.9
Figure VIII.10
Figure VIII.11
Figure VIII.12
Figure VIII.13
Figure VIII.14
Figure VIII.15
Figure VIII.16
Figure VIII.17
Figure VIII.18
Figure VIII.19
Figure VIII.20
Figure VIII.21
Figure VIII.22
Figure VIII.23
The details of the connection beam to column
Block shear rupture of angle
The details of the connection beam to column flange
Block shear rupture of angle
Detail load on the bolt detail can make resultant of
force
Compressive force because moment
Label of SMF AS 1
Assume bending lines and dimensions
Base plate with small moment
Final connection base plate detail
Driven pile foundation
Pull up the pile use two point
(a) Bending force diagram, (b) shear force diagram
Pull up with one point
(a) Bending force diagram, (b) shear force diagram
Longitudinal reinforcement of pile
Shear reinforcement of pile
Configuration of group pile
Pile cap geometry
One-way shear stress
Two-way shear stress
Analysis of pile cap as a cantilever beam
Development length (Hooks 90o) for pile cap
reinforcement
Anchor geometry
Calculation of Avco
Shear anchor are located in narrow members of
limiting thickness
Definition of ev’ for a group anchor
Concrete pry-out failure
Calculation of ANCO and ANC for single anchors and
group of anchors
Definition of eN’ for a group anchor
Longitudinal reinforcement of sloof
Shear reinforcement of sloof
Final design of foundation and pile cap
xv
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244
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251
LIST OF NOTATION
a
ABM
Agv
Ant
Anv
Asa
Ax
Aw
Awe
b
bbf
bf,RBS
B1
B2
c
Cd
Cm
Cs
Ct
Cu
Cv
Cvx
d
D
e
ecrit
E
Ec
Fa
Fv
Fcr
Fe
FnBM
Fnv
Fnw
FS
Fu
Fx
fp(max)
h
hi, hx
Hr
hsx
I
Ie
k
K
kv
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
depth of compressive block, mm
cross-sectional area of the base metal, mm2
gross area subject to shear, mm2
net area subject to tension, mm2
net area subject to shear, mm2
cross-sectional area of steel headed stud anchor, mm2
torsional amplification factor
area of the web, mm2
effective area of the weld, mm2
length of an RBS cut, mm
width of beam flange, mm
width of RBS beam flange, mm
multiplier to account for P-δ effects
multiplier to account for P-Δ effects
depth of cut at center of the reduced beam section, mm
the deflection amplification factor
coefficient assuming no lateral translation of the frame
The seismic response coefficient
Values of approximate period parameters
the coefficient for upper limit on calculated period
Web shear coefficient
vertical distribution factor
overall depth of the beam, mm
dead load, kN
equivalent eccentricity, mm
critical eccentricity, mm
earthquake load, kN
modulus of elasticity of concrete, Mpa
short-period site coefficient
long-period site coefficient
Critical stress, Mpa
elastic buckling stress, Mpa
nominal stress of the base metal, Mpa
nominal shear strength, Mpa
nominal stress of the weld metal, Mpa
factor of safety
specified minimum tensile strength, Mpa
lateral seismic force, kN
maximum concrete bearing stress, Mpa
high of web, mm
the height from the base to level i or x, m
nominal rib height, mm
the story height below level x, m
moment of inertia, cm4
Seismic importance factor
distribution exponent
The effective length factor
the web plate shear buckling coefficient
xvi
L
Lb
le
Lh
Lp
Lr
=
=
=
=
=
=
Mc
MCER
Mf
Mlt
Mn
Mnt
=
=
=
=
=
=
Mpe
Mpr
Mr
Mu
Mx
My
n
Ni
n1
n2
N60
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Pa
Pc
Plt
Pn
Pnt
=
=
=
=
=
Pmax
Pmf
=
=
Pr
Prb
=
=
Pstory
Px
Pe story
=
=
=
Qall
Qn
Qp
Qs
Qu
r
R
R
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
live load, kN
distance between braces, mm
Bolt edge-distance, mm
distance between plastic hinges, mm
Limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of yielding, mm
Limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of inelastic lateral-torsional
buckling, mm
available flexural strength, N-mm
Risk-adjusted maximum considered earthquake
moment at the face of the column, N-mm
first-order moment using LRFD, due to lateral translation of the structure only
Nominal moment, N-mm
first-order moment using LRFD, with the structure restrained against lateral
translation, N-mm
expected plastic moment of the beam, N-mm
probable plastic moment at the center of the reduced beam section, N-mm
required flexural strength, N-mm
required moment strength, N-mm
moment in the X direction, N-mm
moment in the Y direction, N-mm
number of bolt
notional load applied at level i, kN
number of pile in row
number of pile in column
the average value of the standard penetration number near the pile point (about 10D
above and 4D below the pile point)
atmospheric pressure, kN/m2
axial strength design, kN
first-order axial force using LRFD, due to lateral translation of the structure only, kN
nominal compressive strength, kN
first-order axial force using LRFD, with the structure restrained against lateral
translation, kN
equivalent of vertical load for pile, kN
total vertical load in columns in the story that are part of moment frames,if any, in
the direction of translation being considered, kN
required axial strength, kN
required strength of nodal lateral bracing away from an ecpected plastic hinge
location, kN
total vertical load supported by the story, kN
the total vertical design load at and above Level x, kN
elastic critical buckling strength for the story in the direction of translation being
considered, kN
allowable load-carrying capacity for each pile, kN
shear capacity of a single stud, kN
point bearing capacity, kN
friction resistance (skin friction) derived from the soil-pile interface, kN
ultimate load-carrying capacity, kN
radius of gyration, mm
The appropriate response modification coefficient
RBS radius of cut, mm
xvii
S
S1
Sd1
SdS
Sh
SMS
SM1
S1
SS
T
tcf
TL
tp(req)
tw
VRBS
Vs
Vu
Vx
W
wi, wx
Wr
x
Xmax
Σx2
y
Ymax
Y
Yi
Σy2
ZRBS
Zx
Ωo
δxe
Δ
β
br
ρ
λ
λp
λr
ϕ
ϕb
ϕv
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Spacing between bolt, mm
Pile edge-distance, mm
The design spectral response acceleration at 1 second period
The design spectral response acceleration at short period
distance from face of the column to the plastic hinge, mm
The mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter for short periods
The mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter for 1 s periods
the mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1 s
The mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods
the fundamental period of the structure, s
thickness column flange, mm
long-period transition period, s
minimum plate thickness, mm
thickness of web, mm
shear forces at RBS, kN
The seismic base shear, kN
required shear strength, kN
the seismic shear force acting between Levels x and x – 1, kN
the effective seismic weight, kN
the portion of the total effective seismic weight (W) located, kN
average width of concrete rib, mm
subscript relating symbol to strong axis bending, mm
the longest distance of pile in X direction, mm
total of absis quadratic X each pile based neutral line of group pile, mm
subscript relating symbol to weak axis bending, mm
the longest distance of pile in Y direction, mm
the bearing length, mm
gravity load applied at level i, kN
total of absis quadratic Y each pile based neutral line of group pile
plastic section modulus at center of the reduced beam section, cm3
plastic section modulus about the x-axis, for full beam cross section, cm3
overstrength factor
the deflection at the location required determined by an elastic analysis
the design story drift occurring simultaneously with Vx
the ratio of shear demand to shear capacity for the story between levels x and x–1
minimum stiffness for lateral bracing
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
stability coefficient
a redundancy factor
pile group efficiency
width-to-thickness ratio
upper limit for compact category
upper limit for non-compact category
resistance factor
resistance factor for bending
resistance factor for shear
xviii
ABSTRACT
Surakarta is a town of tourism in Indonesia. The tourists who come to the city
of Surakarta, need a place to stay in order to enjoy the beauty of Javanese culture
and historic places in Surakarta. The hotel is a building that is used for the
residence for tourists. This final project will be to design the hotel AFA 8 stories in
Surakarta with steel construction. In the analysis using direct analysis method. This
method is a new method in planning of steel structure. Special moment frame
(SMF) are system choose, because special moment frame is a common seismic
lateral force resisting system use in steel structure. The special moment frame is the
best system in building because the beam can develop the seismic force in the
plastic hinge. The reduction beam section (RBS) is the best connection in the
special moment frame because the plastic hinge occur in the expected point of
beam. This final project explains the design special moment frame and details the
seismic specification used in design.. The standard code use for design building are
American Standard Codes (ASCE, AISC and ACI). Analysis structure in the design
calculation use software ETABS 2015. The pile foundation will use in the building
to support the load from column and then transfer it to stiffness soil with 11 m in
depth. The result in design dimension of SMF column W14x370, SMF beam W21x132,
Non-SMF column W14x257, and Non-SMF beam W21x68 are satisfied to use in the
building. Dimension base plate 80 cm x 75 cm x 5 cm is satisfied. The pile
foundation with 30 cm x 30 cm diameter are satisfied to resist the load. Sloof use
dimension 30 cm x 50 cm. Longitudinal reinforcement use 8D16 and shear
reinforcement Ф10-200 mm.
Key words: Surakarta, special moment frame, reduction beam section, hotel.
xix