Department of Mechanical Engineering
VERB TENSES
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
University of Riau
2010
REVIEW :
NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVES
PREPOSITIONS
VERB
ARTICLES
What is Tense?
When we are talking about the English
language, tense is all about time.
Tense is used to show the relation between
the action or state described by the verb
and the time, which is reflected in the form
of the verb.
NOW
PAST
FUTURE
1. We deliver the goods now
2. We delivered the goods last month
3. We shall deliver the goods next month
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Use 1
USE 1: Repeated Actions
Use the Present Simple to express the idea
that an action is repeated or usual. The
action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event,
a scheduled event or something that often
happens. It can also be something a person
often forgets or usually does not do.
I go to school everyday (habit);
He usually eats an egg for
breakfast (habbit);
He drinks tea at breakfast
.
They watch television regularly
Adverb of Frequency/Time:
Sometimes
Often
Everyday
Seldom
Once a week
Usually
Never
Every Morning
Once in a while
Always
USE 2: Facts or Generalizations
The Present Simple can also indicate the
speaker believes that a fact was true
before, is true now, and will be true in the
future. It is not important if the speaker is
correct about the fact. It is also used to
make generalizations about people or
things.
examples:
Snow falls in the December in Minnesota.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius
USE 3: to give instructions or directions
You walk for two hundred metres, then you
turn left.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the
No.10 to Bedford.
Open the packet and pour the contents into hot w
SE 4: to express fixed arrangements, present or futu
-Your exam starts at 09:00.
-The bell rings at 8:00.
The bus arrives at
7:00
USE 5: to express future time, after some
conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon
as, until:
- He'll give it to you when you come next
Saturday
- Our holiday starts on the 26th
March.
- She'll see you before she
leaves.
Pattern:
Kalimat Verbal:
I/We/You/They + Infinitive
He/She/It + Infinitive +s/es
Kalimat Non Verbal
Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Object
Pattern
(+) S + V1 (-s/-ss)
e.g.
She works every day
I take a bus to go to school
(-) S + do/does + not + V1
e.g.
She does not work every day
I do not take a bus to go to school
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 ?
e.g. Does she work every day?
Do I take a bus to go to school?
Subject + (Verb) + (s, es) +
Object
- I play tennis.
- Shedoes not play tennis.
- The train
every morning at 8
leaves
am.
does not
- The train
leave at 9 am.
- She goes to work everyday
- They always eat lunch together
Grammatical View
Present Simple, third person
singular
Note:
he, she, it
A: in the third person singular the verb, always ends in :
he want s
she needs
s
B. Add es
to verbs ending in:
sh
ss
it pushes
he passes
x
he fixes
ch
es
she catch
o
He goes
C:
Verbs ending in
fly
y
;the third person changes the
flies
cry
Exception:
If there is a vowel before the
play
plays
:
y
to
ies
cries
y
pray
prays
Negative and question forms use DOES
(=the third person of the auxiliary'DO') + the
infinitive of the verb.
He wants. Does he want? He does not want.
Examples:
1.Third person singular with
s or
es
a. He goes to school every morning.
b. She understands English.
c. It mixes the sand and the water.
d. He tries very hard.
e. She enjoys playing the piano.
2. Present Simple, form:
Example: to think, present simple
Affirmative
Interrogative
Negative
I think
? Do I think
. I do not think
You think
? Do you think
. You don't think
? Does he, she, it
think
? Do we think
. He, she, it doesn't
think
. We don't think
? Do you think
. You don't think
he, she, it
think(s)
We think
You think
They go to school every morning
They do not go to school every morning
Do they go to school every morning
How do they go to schol every morning?
Do not they go to school every morning?
Why do not they go to school every morning?
He goes to school every morning
He does not go to school every morning
Does he go to school every morning
How does he go to school every morning?
Does not he go to school every morning?
Why does not he go to school every morning?
He is lazy
Budi and Andi are not lazy
Is not he lazy?
Are they lazy?
Customs- True/False
_____ People in Thailand always takes their
shoes off before entering a house.
_____ A woman usually covers her face in
Saudi Arabia.
_____ In the U.S., a student don’t stand
up when a teacher enters the room.
Put verbs into Present Simple.
1. They ………[swim] every evening.
2. Nancy ………[fly] to London every year.
3. The sun …………[rise] in the east and
………. [set] in the west.
4. I ……..[go] to the park on Sundays.
5. They ………[be] good police.
6. There ……[be] some water in this jug.
Put verbs into Present Simple.
7. My parents always……[drive] to Pekanbaru.
8. Their father often ……..[fix] his car.
9. Mother …….[fry] fish today.
10. Sue and I …….[do] projects every night.
11. I …….[be] a good student.
12. That baby always …..[cry] at night.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The Present Progressive
This tense is used to describe an action that is occurring right
now (at this moment, today, this year, etc.). The action has
begun and is still in progress.
She is typing a paper for her class.
He can’t talk. He is fixing the sink right now.
They are studying English now
The Present Progressive
The present progressive can also be used to describe an
action that is occurring in the present, but is temporary.
John is living in Modesto, but he might move soon.
She is reading now but she will write soon
Pattern:
Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Present Participle (Ing-Form)
Time Markers :
- Now
- At the moment
- At present
- This time
They are studying english now
(+)Ali and Andy are playing badminton now
They are not studying english now(-)Ali and Andy are not playing badminton n
Are they studying english now? (?)Are Ali and Andy playing badminton now?
Where are they studying english now?
Are not they studying english now?
Note: We may note use these verb to indicate present continuous tense:
-Need
- Wish
- Like
Know
- Hear
- Sound
- Seem
Understand
- Love
- Own
- Smell
Have
- Appear
- Want
Believe
- See
- Taste
Hate
The wrong usage:
X : we are understanding now
X: They are having a car now
X: I am liking you now
Note: We may note use these verb to indicate present continuous tense:
Verbs of emotion ; like, dislike, refuse, want
Verbs of senses ; feel, hear, see, smell
Verbs of thought or opinion ; believe, expect,
forget, know, prefer, realize, think
Verbs of posession ; own, belong, owe
Example:
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The Present Perfect
The present perfect is used to talk about an event that began
in the past and continues up to the present.
He has lived in Pekanbaru for two years.
(He began living in Pekanbaru two years ago and he still lives there.)
The Present Perfect
The present perfect is also used to talk about an event that
was completed in the past, but the specific time of the event
is not important.
I have seen that movie before.
He has already visited Vietnam.
(Specific dates and times are not mentioned.)
What do you need
the Present Perfect for ?
to tell what you have done recently/ lately.
to tell what you have just or already done.
to tell what you have never/ ever done.
to tell what you have done so far/ up to
now.
to tell what you have done today/ this
week/ this month/ this year.
39
Pattern:
1. Kalimat Nominal
Subject + has/have + been + complement
ex; He has been in Surabaya before
He has not been in Surabaya before
Has he been in Surabaya before?
2. Kalimat Verbal
Subject + has/have + V3 + Object/Complement
How can you form the Present Perfect?
P osi ti ve I , you, we , they,
have done
sentence he, she, i t,
has worked
N egati ve I , you, we , they, haven’t done
sentence he, she, i t,
hasn’t worked
Questi on H ave I , you,we, they,
done?
H as he, she, i t
worked?
41
Time marker:
- Since ..... : since last week, since
1912
- For ...........: for three months, for
two days
- Already , Just, not yet, three times,
so far
- Up to present time
- Recently
Why don’t you try some exercises?
43
Choose the correct answer.
Peter ........never watched „Si
Bolang”.
Peter
........ has
never watched
A) had
„Si Bolang”.
B) have
C) has
Congratulations!
D) none of these
44
How about this?
None of these
Lidka hasn’t ........to Majorka yet.
Lidka hasn’t
A) had
been to
Majorka .
B) seen
Precisely!
C) drove
D) none of these
45
Try the next question.
....you ever smoked?
A) has
B) do
C) have
D) none of these
Have you ever
smoked?
Good!
46
Choose the correct answer again.
She
hasn’t ..........the
dinner already.
A) cooks
B) cooked
C) make
D) none of these
She hasn’t
cooked the
dinner already
Very well!
47
Can you do this one ?
None of these
He hasn’t ........ a shower today.
He hasn’t taken
A) take
a shower today.
B) took
Well done!
C) taked
D) none of these
48
Try this one !
...........Joan ever...........a shark?
Has Joan ever
eaten a shark?
A) has J. eat
B) does J. eaten
C) has J. eaten
Not bad! Keep on
D) none of these
trying
49
Choose the correct answer.
..........you ever .........
your head ?
A) have..........lost
B) do............lose
C) did...........lose
D) none of these
Have you ever
lost your head ?
Right again!
50
Choose the best answer again !
Tom and
Arthur ....................
....a dog so far.
A) don’t buy
B) hasn’t bought
C) haven’t bought
D) didn’t buy
Tom and Arthur
haven’t bought a
dog so far.
Excellent!
51
What’s the right answer now?
.................Peter and
Mat ............... abroad
before?
Has..............been
Have............seen
Have............been
None of these
Have Peter and
Mat been abroad
before ?
You are
absolutely
right !
52
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present Perfect
Progressive
This tense is used to describe the duration of an action that
began in the past and continues into the present.
He has been studying grammar for an hour.
She has been cooking all day.
(He is still studying and she is still cooking.)
Present Perfect
Progressive
This tense is also used to describe events that have been in
progress recently and are rather temporary.
She has been living in Taiwan for the last two months, but she plans
to move soon.
Pattern:
I/We/You/They + Have + Been + Present
Participle
He/She/It + Has + Been + Present Participle
Example:
We have been learning english for ten years
The baby has been sleeping for two hours
They have been sleeping since eight o’clock
Time marker:
Since .....: since I was a child, since five years
ago
For....... : for three years, for the last five years
EXERCISES
Present perfect simple.
Present perfect continuous.
Present perfect simple and
present perfect
continuous.
Put the verbs into the correct form
(present perfect simple).
1.
Since classes began, I (have, not)_____ much free time. I (have)____
several big tests to study for.
2.
The science of medicine (advance)______ a great deal in the 19 th century.
3.
We (have)_____ three major snowstorms so far this winter. I wonder how
many more we will have.
4.
I (write)______ them three times, but I haven’t received a reply.
5.
The telephone (ring)_________ four times in the last hours, and each time it
has been for my office mate.
6.
A: What are you going to order for dinner?
B: Well, I (have, never)________ vegeterian pizza, so I think I’ll order that.
7.
Bill (be)_________ here since 22nd.
8.
So far this week, I (have)_________ two tests and a quiz.
9.
Alex is an artist. He (draw)______ many beautiful pictures in his lifetime.
10.
Fatima (see, never)_________ snow in her entire lifetime.
Put the verbs into the correct form (present
perfect progressive).
1. He (work)___________ in this company since 1985.
2. I (wait)_____ for you since two o'clock.
3. Mary (live)_________ in Germany since 1992.
4. Why is he so tired? He (play)_____ tennis for five hours.
5. How long (learn / you)______ English?
6. We (look for)_______ the motorway for more than an hour.
7. I (live)____________ without electricity for two weeks.
8. The film (run / not)_________ for ten minutes yet, but there's a
commercial break already.
9. How long (work / she)_________ in the garden?
10. She (not / be)_________ in the garden for more than an hour.
Put the verbs into the correct tense. (present perfect
simple or present perfect progressive)
1.
I (play)_________ football for five years.
2.
My team (win / only)_________ two matches so far.
3.
The others (be / always)________ better.
4.
Are we not there yet? We (walk)________ for hours.
5.
But we (cover / only)__________ an area of five miles so far.
6.
I (finish/just)_______ my homework.
7.
I (work)________ on this essay since two o'clock.
8.
Jane (go out)______ with Bob for seven years.
9.
Martin (date)________ three girls this week.
10.
How long (wait / you)_________ for us?
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The Simple Past
We use the simple past to indicate exactly when an action or
event took place in the past.
I visited my sister yesterday.
We went out to dinner last night.
The Simple Past
The simple past is used to describe actions and/or events that
are now completed and no longer true in the present.
I attended MJC in 1998. (I no longer attend MJC.)
I saw a movie every weekend when I was a teenager. (I don’t see
movies very much anymore.)
You form the simple past of a verb by adding -ed onto the end
of a regular verb but, irregular verb forms have to be learned.
To be
To be
Statements
Statements
+
-
Questions ?
I was.
I wasn't.
Was I?
He was.
He wasn't.
Was he?
She was.
She wasn't.
Was she?
It was.
It wasn't.
Was it?
You were.
You weren't.
Were you?
We were.
We weren't.
Were we?
They were.
They weren't.
Were they?
Regular Verb (to
work) Statements
+
Regular Verb (to
work)
Statements
-
I worked.
Questions
Short
answer
+
Short
answer
-
I didn't work.
Did I work?
Yes, I did.
No, I
didn't.
He worked.
He didn't work.
Did he work?
Yes, he
did.
No, he
didn't.
She worked.
She didn't work.
Did she work?
Yes, she
did.
No, she
didn't.
It worked.
It didn't work.
Did it work?
Yes, it
did.
No, it
didn't.
You worked.
You didn't work.
Did you work?
Yes you
did.
No, you
didn't.
We worked.
We didn't work.
Did we work?
Yes we
did.
No, we
didn't.
They worked.
They didn't work.
Did they work?
Yes they
did.
No, they
didn't.
Simple past
timeline
For example:
"Last year I took my exams."
"I got married in 1992."
It can be used to describe events that
happened over a period of time in the past
but not now.
For example:
"I lived in South Africa for two years."
The simple past tense is also used to talk
about habitual or repeated actions that
took place in the past.
For example:
"When I was a child we always went to the
Pre-Test (Affirmative Sentences)
Select the best answer.
__ 1. My family and I ___ in Mexico last summer.
(A) were
(B) are
(C) was
__ 2. The office door ___ closed this morning.
(A) is
(B) were
(C) was
__ 3. Teresa ___ absent to work yesterday.
(A) is
(B) was
(C) were
__ 4. We ___ very tired after our long walk in the country.
(A) are
(B) was
(C) were
__ 5. Pedro and Susan ___ at the cinema last night.
(A) was
(B) were
(C) are
Pre-Test (Negative Sentences)
__ 6. The weather ___ pleasant yesterday. It was raining all day.
(A) wasn’t
(B) isn’t
(C) weren’t
__ 7. You ___ at the meeting this morning. What happened?
(A) aren’t
(B) weren’t
(C) wasn’t
__ 8. Endangered animals ___ as important many years ago as
they are today.
(A) wasn’t
(B) aren’t
(C) weren’t
__ 9. E-mail communication ___ common ten years ago.
(A) aren’t
(B) weren’t
(C) wasn’t
__10. I ___ at home this past weekend. I was visiting my family.
(A) am not
(B) wasn’t
(C) weren’t
Pre-Test (Yes/No Questions)
__ 11. ___ Kenneth sick two days ago?
(A) Is
(B) Were
(C) Was
__ 12. ___ Alex and Joseph on a basketball team last year?
(A) Were
(B) Are
(C) Was
__ 13. ___ your car at the mechanic last week?
(A) Was
(B) Is
(C) Were
__ 14. ___ the Taíno Indians intelligent and hardworking?
(A) Was
(B) Were
(C) Are
__ 15. ___you born in the United States?
(A) Are
(B) Was
(C) Were
Pre-Test (Information Questions)
__ 16. Why ___ the policemen at your house last night?
(A) was
(B) are
(C) were
__ 17. When ___ your grandfather in the US Army?
(A) were
(B) was
(C) is
__ 18. Where ___ the boys last weekend?
(A) are
(B) were
(C) was
__ 19. Who ___ Martin Luther King, Jr.?
(A) was
(B) is
(C) were
__ 20. What ___ your favorite game when you were a child?
(A) is
(B) were
(C) was
Pre-Test Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A
C
B
C
B
A
B
C
C
B
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
C
A
A
B
C
C
B
B
A
C
Verb To BE Past Tense
The Verb To BE is used to express:
state of being→
location
→
feelings
→
descriptions →
health
→
conditions
→
weather
→
time
→
nationality →
colors
→
sizes
→
dates
→
moods
→
prices
→
etc…
( I was an excellent student in high school.)
( We were in Costa Rica last summer.)
( The child was sad when he lost his toy.)
( The flowers were fresh and vivid a week ago.)
( Danny was sick with the flu last month.)
( The buildings were modern, now they are old.)
( Yesterday was a windy day.)
( It was 3:00 AM when the party ended.)
( Celia Cruz was a great Cuban singer.)
( My hair was blonde when I was a child.)
( Ten years ago, I was size 10, now I’m size 16.)
( Puerto Rico was discovered on November 19,1493.)
( Laura was angry when her friends played a trick on her.)
( Lands and houses were less expensive ten years ago.)
Verb To BE Past Tense
The Verb To BE has two forms in
the Past Tense:
was
were
Verb To BE Past Tense Time Expressions
this morning
yesterday ► morning
► afternoon
► evening
► night
the day before yesterday
► last night
► last Monday…
► last week
► last weekend
► last month
► last May
► last year
► last semester
► last summer
Verb To BE Past Tense Time Expressions
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
five seconds ago
ten minutes ago
two hours ago
two days ago
four weeks ago
two weekends ago
one month ago
two summers ago
a few years ago
many years ago
five years ago
a little while ago
in 1990…
Affirmative Sentences
More Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Mary was nine years old when she moved to the USA.
We were at the airport yesterday morning.
Last summer, Fred and Gina were in Italy.
The concert was cancelled because of bad weather.
The phone was busy when I called you last night.
The children were sick last week.
I was very shy when I was a teenager.
Record players were popular thirty years ago.
My dog was trained to protect the house.
Years ago, carbon and wood were used for cooking.
Negative
Sentences
More Examples:
1. Mary was not nine years old when she moved to the
USA,
she was five.
2. We were not at the airport yesterday morning.
3. Last Summer, Fred and Gina were not in Italy.
4. The concert was not cancelled because of bad
weather.
5. The phone was not in service when I called you last
night.
6. The children were not sick last week.
7. I was not very talkative when I was a teenager.
8. CD players were not popular thirty years ago.
9. My dog was not trained to save lives.
10. Years ago, stoves were not used for cooking because
they
weren’t invented.
Verb To BE Contractions in the Past Tense
Contractions: A contraction is the
combination
of two words into one. In contractions,
letters are
replaced with an apostrophe (’).
Verb To BE Contractions in the Past Tense
Important:
You cannot make contractions in
Affirmative Sentences in the Past Tense,
but you can make contractions in Negative
Sentences.
Language Notes
We cannot make a contraction with the
subject pronoun + was or were.
Examples:
No Contraction→ He was at the Mall yesterday.
No Contraction→ They were silent during class.
We cannot make a contraction with
there + was or there + were.
Examples:
No Contraction→ There was a fire in the store last month.
No Contraction→ There were two great movies on TV last night.
Language Notes
We can make a contraction with the negative form
of was and were.
Examples:
(1) I was not a hyperactive child. (was not)
I wasn’t a hyperactive child.
(contraction→ wasn’t)
(2) We were not nervous at the job interview. (were not)
We weren’t nervous at the job interview. (contraction→
weren’t)
Verb To BE Contractions in Negative Sentences
Complete Form
I was not
You were not
He was not
She was not
It was not
You were not
We were not
They were not
Contraction
I wasn’t
You weren’t
He wasn’t
She wasn’t
It wasn’t
You weren’t
We weren’t
They weren’t
Verb To BE Contractions in Negative Sentences
1.
1.
I was not nervous on
the first day of class.
I wasn’t nervous on the first day of class.
2. You (usted) were not
2.
You
dressed
wellweren’t
dressedwell
for the
job
for
the jobyesterday.
interview yesterday.
interview
3.3. Janet
in in
thethe
same school as her brother last year.
Janetwasn’t
was not
same school as her
brother
last year.
4. Joseph
wasn’t
ready for his oral report last Tuesday.
4.
Joseph was not ready
for his oral report last
Tuesday.
Verb To BE Contractions in Negative Sentences
5. The
TheAutomatic
AutomaticTeller
TellerMachine
Machine(ATM)
(ATM)in
inthe
theuniversity
university was
wasn’t
not in service
in service
yesterday
yesterday
afternoon.
afternoon.
6. You
Youweren’t
(ustedes)
inwere
the not in the library when I went by this
morning.
library when I went by
this morning.
7.
Ralph and I were not satisfied with the final decision.
7. Ralph and I weren’t satisfied
8. The
in the last English lesson were not difficult.
with exercises
the final decision.
8.
The exercises in the last
English lesson weren’t difficult.
Wh-Questions (Information Questions)
Question Word
Questions
Answers
Who (person)
Who was the first woman
pilot?
Amelia Earhart was the first
woman pilot.
What (thing)
What were yesterday’s
workshops about?
They were about new
computer software and
programs .
When (time)
When was the flight to Boston
cancelled?
It was cancelled fifteen
minutes ago.
Why (reason)
Why were the children sad at
the park?
They were sad because it was
time to leave.
Where (place)
Where were David and Elaine
last night?
They were at the gym.
How (description/health)
How was your day at work this
morning?
It was very busy but
interesting.
Whose (possession)
Whose historical house was
this years ago?
It was poet Luis Palés Matos’
house.
Wh-Questions (Information Questions)
More Examples:
1. (Q) When was Daniel promoted to sales manager?
(A) He was promoted last month.
2. (Q) Where were you and your friends last Saturday?
(A) We were in Old San Juan taking photos for our History
class.
3. (Q) Who were you with at the jazz festival?
(A) I was with my nephews and nieces.
Wh-Questions (Information Questions)
4. (Q) How was the English exam yesterday?
(A) It was easy but too long.
5. (Q) Why were the airports in Chicago and New York
closed last
week?
(A) They were closed because of the snow storms and the
terrible
weather.
6. (Q) What was the problem with your car?
(A) It was a problem with the air conditioning system.
Practice Exercises
(Affirmative Sentences)
Select the best answer.
__ 1. Francine and Jacob ___ in Italy last Christmas.
(A) are
(B) were
(C) was
__ 2. My mother ___ a model when she was young.
(A) were
(B) is
(C) was
__ 3. We ___ very busy at home this past weekend.
(A) were
(B) was
(C) are
__ 4. Our dog ___ at the veterinarian yesterday afternoon.
(A) was
(B) is
(C) were
__ 5. Many homes ___ destroyed when the hurricane passed through the
city.
(A) are
(B) was
(C) were
Practice Exercises
(Negative Sentences)
__ 6. Cell phones ____ invented when my parents were teenagers.
(A) aren’t
(B) weren’t
(C) wasn’t
__ 7. The hotel we stayed in ____ near public transportation.
(A) isn’t
(B) wasn’t
(C) weren’t
__ 8. Mr. Huertas ____ alone when the accident occurred.
(A) isn’t
(B) aren’t
(C) wasn’t
__ 9. Years ago, women ____ permitted to vote until the 1950s.
(A) weren’t
(B) wasn’t
(C) aren’t
__10. The Internet service ____ available last night.
(A) wasn’t
(B) isn’t
(C) aren’t
Practice Exercises
(Yes/No Questions)
__ 11. ____ the certified letter received on time?
(A) Is
(B) Was
(C) Were
__ 12. ____ the toll way costs in Puerto Rico raised last year?
(A) Were
(B) Are
(C) Was
__ 13. ____ your first grade teacher nice?
(A) Is
(B) Was
(C) Were
__ 14. ____ your old friends in the past class reunion?
(A) Was
(B) Are
(C) Were
__ 15. ____ a college education difficult to obtain fifty years ago?
(A) Were
(B) Is
(C) Was
Practice Exercises
(Information Questions)
__ 16. A: How ____ your past weekend?
B: It was wonderful.
(A) were
(B) is
(C) was
__ 17. A: What ____ the conference about ? B: It was about “Studying
Habits”.
(A) is
(B) was
(C) were
__ 18. A: Where ____ the criminals captured?
park.
(A) are
(B) were
(C) was
__ 19. A: Who ____ Elvis Presley?
(A) was
(B) is
B: They were captured in the
B: He was the king of Rock and Roll.
(C) are
__ 20. A: Why ____ Paul and Patricia in trouble with the police?
B: They were in trouble because they didn’t have a driver’s license.
(A) are
(B) were
(C) was
Practice Exercise Answer Key
B
11. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. A
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. C
16. C
17. B
18. B
19. A
20. B
1.
Post Test (Affirmative Sentences)
Select the best answer.
__ 1. My family and I ___ in Mexico last summer.
(A) were
(B) are
(C) was
__ 2. The office door ___ closed this morning.
(A) is
(B) were
(C) was
__ 3. Teresa ___ absent to work yesterday.
(A) is
(B) was
(C) were
__ 4. We ___ very tired after our long walk in the country.
(A) are
(B) was
(C) were
__ 5. Pedro and Susan ___ at the cinema last night.
(A) was
(B) were
(C) are
Post Test (Negative Sentences)
__ 6. The weather ___ pleasant yesterday. It was raining all day.
(A) wasn’t
(B) isn’t
(C) weren’t
__ 7. You ___ at the meeting this morning. What happened?
(A) aren’t
(B) weren’t
(C) wasn’t
__ 8. Endangered animals ___ as important many years ago as they are
today.
(A) wasn’t
(B) aren’t
(C) weren’t
__ 9. E-mail communication ___ common ten years ago.
(A) aren’t
(B) weren’t
(C) wasn’t
__10. I ___ at home this past weekend. I was visiting my family.
(A) am not
(B) wasn’t
(C) weren’t
Post Test (Yes/No Questions)
__ 11. ___ Kenneth sick two days ago?
(A) Is
(B) Were
(C) Was
__ 12. ___ Alex and Joseph on a basketball team last year?
(A) Were
(B) Are
(C) Was
__ 13. ___ your car at the mechanic last week?
(A) Was
(B) Is
(C) Were
__ 14. ___ the Taíno Indians intelligent and hardworking?
(A) Was
(B) Were
(C) Are
__ 15. ___you born in the United States?
(A) Are
(B) Was
(C) Were
Post Test (Information Questions)
__ 16. Why ___ the policemen at your house last night?
(A) was
(B) are
(C) were
__ 17. When ___ your grandfather in the US Army?
(A) were
(B) was
(C) is
__ 18. Where ___ the boys last weekend?
(A) are
(B) were
(C) was
__ 19. Who ___ Martin Luther King Jr.?
(A) was
(B) is
(C) were
__ 20. What ___ your favorite game when you were a child?
(A) is
(B) were
(C) was
Post Test Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A
C
B
C
B
A
B
C
C
B
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
C
A
A
B
C
C
B
B
A
C
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
The Past Progressive
The past progressive is used to talk about an activity that was
in progress at a specific point of time in the past. The
emphasis is on the duration of the activity in the past.
I was studying for an exam while my mother was cooking dinner.
We were walking in the park around 7 p.m. last night.
The Past Progressive
The past progressive is often used with the simple past to
show that one action was in progress when another action
occurred.
I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.
They were eating dinner when the neighbors stopped by for a visit.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The Past Perfect
This tense describes completed events that took place in the
past before another past event.
had received
it hit
had eaten
my friend stopped by
The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg.
I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to visit.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past Perfect Progressive
This tense is used to emphasize the duration of an action that
was completed before another action or event in the past.
had been
driving
she found the right office
She had been driving around the city for three hours before she
finally found the right office.
The Future
Will and be + going + to are often used to describe future
actions.
Thomas will graduate in June.
Maria is going to go to Mexico next week.
The Future
The simple present and present progressive are also used to
express future time. These are often used used in connection
with schedules.
She is meeting a new client at eleven o’clock.
The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.
The Future Progressive
This tense is used to describe an event or action that will
occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future.
at 10 a.m. tomorrow
by the time you arrive
I will be teaching ESL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
They will be moving their furniture out of the house by the time you
arrive tomorrow.
The Future Perfect
This tense is used to describe an event or action that will be
completed before another event or time in the future.
will have finished the exam
class ends
We will have finished the exam by the time class ends tomorrow.
Future Perfect Progressive
This tense describes an action that has been in progress for a
duration of time before another event or time in the future.
finishes law school
will have been living in the
U.S. for eight years
By the time he finishes law school, we will have been living in the
U.S. for eight years.
Singular and Plural Verb Forms of Have
for First, Second and Third Person
Singular
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
Plural
I (have) (had)
we (had) (have)
you (have) (had)
you (have) (had)
he, she, it (has)
(had)
They (have)
(had)
Mary (has)
(had)
Mary and Tom
(have) (had)
PP 10-5
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
University of Riau
2010
REVIEW :
NOUN
ADVERB
ADJECTIVES
PREPOSITIONS
VERB
ARTICLES
What is Tense?
When we are talking about the English
language, tense is all about time.
Tense is used to show the relation between
the action or state described by the verb
and the time, which is reflected in the form
of the verb.
NOW
PAST
FUTURE
1. We deliver the goods now
2. We delivered the goods last month
3. We shall deliver the goods next month
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Use 1
USE 1: Repeated Actions
Use the Present Simple to express the idea
that an action is repeated or usual. The
action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event,
a scheduled event or something that often
happens. It can also be something a person
often forgets or usually does not do.
I go to school everyday (habit);
He usually eats an egg for
breakfast (habbit);
He drinks tea at breakfast
.
They watch television regularly
Adverb of Frequency/Time:
Sometimes
Often
Everyday
Seldom
Once a week
Usually
Never
Every Morning
Once in a while
Always
USE 2: Facts or Generalizations
The Present Simple can also indicate the
speaker believes that a fact was true
before, is true now, and will be true in the
future. It is not important if the speaker is
correct about the fact. It is also used to
make generalizations about people or
things.
examples:
Snow falls in the December in Minnesota.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius
USE 3: to give instructions or directions
You walk for two hundred metres, then you
turn left.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the
No.10 to Bedford.
Open the packet and pour the contents into hot w
SE 4: to express fixed arrangements, present or futu
-Your exam starts at 09:00.
-The bell rings at 8:00.
The bus arrives at
7:00
USE 5: to express future time, after some
conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon
as, until:
- He'll give it to you when you come next
Saturday
- Our holiday starts on the 26th
March.
- She'll see you before she
leaves.
Pattern:
Kalimat Verbal:
I/We/You/They + Infinitive
He/She/It + Infinitive +s/es
Kalimat Non Verbal
Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Object
Pattern
(+) S + V1 (-s/-ss)
e.g.
She works every day
I take a bus to go to school
(-) S + do/does + not + V1
e.g.
She does not work every day
I do not take a bus to go to school
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 ?
e.g. Does she work every day?
Do I take a bus to go to school?
Subject + (Verb) + (s, es) +
Object
- I play tennis.
- Shedoes not play tennis.
- The train
every morning at 8
leaves
am.
does not
- The train
leave at 9 am.
- She goes to work everyday
- They always eat lunch together
Grammatical View
Present Simple, third person
singular
Note:
he, she, it
A: in the third person singular the verb, always ends in :
he want s
she needs
s
B. Add es
to verbs ending in:
sh
ss
it pushes
he passes
x
he fixes
ch
es
she catch
o
He goes
C:
Verbs ending in
fly
y
;the third person changes the
flies
cry
Exception:
If there is a vowel before the
play
plays
:
y
to
ies
cries
y
pray
prays
Negative and question forms use DOES
(=the third person of the auxiliary'DO') + the
infinitive of the verb.
He wants. Does he want? He does not want.
Examples:
1.Third person singular with
s or
es
a. He goes to school every morning.
b. She understands English.
c. It mixes the sand and the water.
d. He tries very hard.
e. She enjoys playing the piano.
2. Present Simple, form:
Example: to think, present simple
Affirmative
Interrogative
Negative
I think
? Do I think
. I do not think
You think
? Do you think
. You don't think
? Does he, she, it
think
? Do we think
. He, she, it doesn't
think
. We don't think
? Do you think
. You don't think
he, she, it
think(s)
We think
You think
They go to school every morning
They do not go to school every morning
Do they go to school every morning
How do they go to schol every morning?
Do not they go to school every morning?
Why do not they go to school every morning?
He goes to school every morning
He does not go to school every morning
Does he go to school every morning
How does he go to school every morning?
Does not he go to school every morning?
Why does not he go to school every morning?
He is lazy
Budi and Andi are not lazy
Is not he lazy?
Are they lazy?
Customs- True/False
_____ People in Thailand always takes their
shoes off before entering a house.
_____ A woman usually covers her face in
Saudi Arabia.
_____ In the U.S., a student don’t stand
up when a teacher enters the room.
Put verbs into Present Simple.
1. They ………[swim] every evening.
2. Nancy ………[fly] to London every year.
3. The sun …………[rise] in the east and
………. [set] in the west.
4. I ……..[go] to the park on Sundays.
5. They ………[be] good police.
6. There ……[be] some water in this jug.
Put verbs into Present Simple.
7. My parents always……[drive] to Pekanbaru.
8. Their father often ……..[fix] his car.
9. Mother …….[fry] fish today.
10. Sue and I …….[do] projects every night.
11. I …….[be] a good student.
12. That baby always …..[cry] at night.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
The Present Progressive
This tense is used to describe an action that is occurring right
now (at this moment, today, this year, etc.). The action has
begun and is still in progress.
She is typing a paper for her class.
He can’t talk. He is fixing the sink right now.
They are studying English now
The Present Progressive
The present progressive can also be used to describe an
action that is occurring in the present, but is temporary.
John is living in Modesto, but he might move soon.
She is reading now but she will write soon
Pattern:
Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Present Participle (Ing-Form)
Time Markers :
- Now
- At the moment
- At present
- This time
They are studying english now
(+)Ali and Andy are playing badminton now
They are not studying english now(-)Ali and Andy are not playing badminton n
Are they studying english now? (?)Are Ali and Andy playing badminton now?
Where are they studying english now?
Are not they studying english now?
Note: We may note use these verb to indicate present continuous tense:
-Need
- Wish
- Like
Know
- Hear
- Sound
- Seem
Understand
- Love
- Own
- Smell
Have
- Appear
- Want
Believe
- See
- Taste
Hate
The wrong usage:
X : we are understanding now
X: They are having a car now
X: I am liking you now
Note: We may note use these verb to indicate present continuous tense:
Verbs of emotion ; like, dislike, refuse, want
Verbs of senses ; feel, hear, see, smell
Verbs of thought or opinion ; believe, expect,
forget, know, prefer, realize, think
Verbs of posession ; own, belong, owe
Example:
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The Present Perfect
The present perfect is used to talk about an event that began
in the past and continues up to the present.
He has lived in Pekanbaru for two years.
(He began living in Pekanbaru two years ago and he still lives there.)
The Present Perfect
The present perfect is also used to talk about an event that
was completed in the past, but the specific time of the event
is not important.
I have seen that movie before.
He has already visited Vietnam.
(Specific dates and times are not mentioned.)
What do you need
the Present Perfect for ?
to tell what you have done recently/ lately.
to tell what you have just or already done.
to tell what you have never/ ever done.
to tell what you have done so far/ up to
now.
to tell what you have done today/ this
week/ this month/ this year.
39
Pattern:
1. Kalimat Nominal
Subject + has/have + been + complement
ex; He has been in Surabaya before
He has not been in Surabaya before
Has he been in Surabaya before?
2. Kalimat Verbal
Subject + has/have + V3 + Object/Complement
How can you form the Present Perfect?
P osi ti ve I , you, we , they,
have done
sentence he, she, i t,
has worked
N egati ve I , you, we , they, haven’t done
sentence he, she, i t,
hasn’t worked
Questi on H ave I , you,we, they,
done?
H as he, she, i t
worked?
41
Time marker:
- Since ..... : since last week, since
1912
- For ...........: for three months, for
two days
- Already , Just, not yet, three times,
so far
- Up to present time
- Recently
Why don’t you try some exercises?
43
Choose the correct answer.
Peter ........never watched „Si
Bolang”.
Peter
........ has
never watched
A) had
„Si Bolang”.
B) have
C) has
Congratulations!
D) none of these
44
How about this?
None of these
Lidka hasn’t ........to Majorka yet.
Lidka hasn’t
A) had
been to
Majorka .
B) seen
Precisely!
C) drove
D) none of these
45
Try the next question.
....you ever smoked?
A) has
B) do
C) have
D) none of these
Have you ever
smoked?
Good!
46
Choose the correct answer again.
She
hasn’t ..........the
dinner already.
A) cooks
B) cooked
C) make
D) none of these
She hasn’t
cooked the
dinner already
Very well!
47
Can you do this one ?
None of these
He hasn’t ........ a shower today.
He hasn’t taken
A) take
a shower today.
B) took
Well done!
C) taked
D) none of these
48
Try this one !
...........Joan ever...........a shark?
Has Joan ever
eaten a shark?
A) has J. eat
B) does J. eaten
C) has J. eaten
Not bad! Keep on
D) none of these
trying
49
Choose the correct answer.
..........you ever .........
your head ?
A) have..........lost
B) do............lose
C) did...........lose
D) none of these
Have you ever
lost your head ?
Right again!
50
Choose the best answer again !
Tom and
Arthur ....................
....a dog so far.
A) don’t buy
B) hasn’t bought
C) haven’t bought
D) didn’t buy
Tom and Arthur
haven’t bought a
dog so far.
Excellent!
51
What’s the right answer now?
.................Peter and
Mat ............... abroad
before?
Has..............been
Have............seen
Have............been
None of these
Have Peter and
Mat been abroad
before ?
You are
absolutely
right !
52
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present Perfect
Progressive
This tense is used to describe the duration of an action that
began in the past and continues into the present.
He has been studying grammar for an hour.
She has been cooking all day.
(He is still studying and she is still cooking.)
Present Perfect
Progressive
This tense is also used to describe events that have been in
progress recently and are rather temporary.
She has been living in Taiwan for the last two months, but she plans
to move soon.
Pattern:
I/We/You/They + Have + Been + Present
Participle
He/She/It + Has + Been + Present Participle
Example:
We have been learning english for ten years
The baby has been sleeping for two hours
They have been sleeping since eight o’clock
Time marker:
Since .....: since I was a child, since five years
ago
For....... : for three years, for the last five years
EXERCISES
Present perfect simple.
Present perfect continuous.
Present perfect simple and
present perfect
continuous.
Put the verbs into the correct form
(present perfect simple).
1.
Since classes began, I (have, not)_____ much free time. I (have)____
several big tests to study for.
2.
The science of medicine (advance)______ a great deal in the 19 th century.
3.
We (have)_____ three major snowstorms so far this winter. I wonder how
many more we will have.
4.
I (write)______ them three times, but I haven’t received a reply.
5.
The telephone (ring)_________ four times in the last hours, and each time it
has been for my office mate.
6.
A: What are you going to order for dinner?
B: Well, I (have, never)________ vegeterian pizza, so I think I’ll order that.
7.
Bill (be)_________ here since 22nd.
8.
So far this week, I (have)_________ two tests and a quiz.
9.
Alex is an artist. He (draw)______ many beautiful pictures in his lifetime.
10.
Fatima (see, never)_________ snow in her entire lifetime.
Put the verbs into the correct form (present
perfect progressive).
1. He (work)___________ in this company since 1985.
2. I (wait)_____ for you since two o'clock.
3. Mary (live)_________ in Germany since 1992.
4. Why is he so tired? He (play)_____ tennis for five hours.
5. How long (learn / you)______ English?
6. We (look for)_______ the motorway for more than an hour.
7. I (live)____________ without electricity for two weeks.
8. The film (run / not)_________ for ten minutes yet, but there's a
commercial break already.
9. How long (work / she)_________ in the garden?
10. She (not / be)_________ in the garden for more than an hour.
Put the verbs into the correct tense. (present perfect
simple or present perfect progressive)
1.
I (play)_________ football for five years.
2.
My team (win / only)_________ two matches so far.
3.
The others (be / always)________ better.
4.
Are we not there yet? We (walk)________ for hours.
5.
But we (cover / only)__________ an area of five miles so far.
6.
I (finish/just)_______ my homework.
7.
I (work)________ on this essay since two o'clock.
8.
Jane (go out)______ with Bob for seven years.
9.
Martin (date)________ three girls this week.
10.
How long (wait / you)_________ for us?
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The Simple Past
We use the simple past to indicate exactly when an action or
event took place in the past.
I visited my sister yesterday.
We went out to dinner last night.
The Simple Past
The simple past is used to describe actions and/or events that
are now completed and no longer true in the present.
I attended MJC in 1998. (I no longer attend MJC.)
I saw a movie every weekend when I was a teenager. (I don’t see
movies very much anymore.)
You form the simple past of a verb by adding -ed onto the end
of a regular verb but, irregular verb forms have to be learned.
To be
To be
Statements
Statements
+
-
Questions ?
I was.
I wasn't.
Was I?
He was.
He wasn't.
Was he?
She was.
She wasn't.
Was she?
It was.
It wasn't.
Was it?
You were.
You weren't.
Were you?
We were.
We weren't.
Were we?
They were.
They weren't.
Were they?
Regular Verb (to
work) Statements
+
Regular Verb (to
work)
Statements
-
I worked.
Questions
Short
answer
+
Short
answer
-
I didn't work.
Did I work?
Yes, I did.
No, I
didn't.
He worked.
He didn't work.
Did he work?
Yes, he
did.
No, he
didn't.
She worked.
She didn't work.
Did she work?
Yes, she
did.
No, she
didn't.
It worked.
It didn't work.
Did it work?
Yes, it
did.
No, it
didn't.
You worked.
You didn't work.
Did you work?
Yes you
did.
No, you
didn't.
We worked.
We didn't work.
Did we work?
Yes we
did.
No, we
didn't.
They worked.
They didn't work.
Did they work?
Yes they
did.
No, they
didn't.
Simple past
timeline
For example:
"Last year I took my exams."
"I got married in 1992."
It can be used to describe events that
happened over a period of time in the past
but not now.
For example:
"I lived in South Africa for two years."
The simple past tense is also used to talk
about habitual or repeated actions that
took place in the past.
For example:
"When I was a child we always went to the
Pre-Test (Affirmative Sentences)
Select the best answer.
__ 1. My family and I ___ in Mexico last summer.
(A) were
(B) are
(C) was
__ 2. The office door ___ closed this morning.
(A) is
(B) were
(C) was
__ 3. Teresa ___ absent to work yesterday.
(A) is
(B) was
(C) were
__ 4. We ___ very tired after our long walk in the country.
(A) are
(B) was
(C) were
__ 5. Pedro and Susan ___ at the cinema last night.
(A) was
(B) were
(C) are
Pre-Test (Negative Sentences)
__ 6. The weather ___ pleasant yesterday. It was raining all day.
(A) wasn’t
(B) isn’t
(C) weren’t
__ 7. You ___ at the meeting this morning. What happened?
(A) aren’t
(B) weren’t
(C) wasn’t
__ 8. Endangered animals ___ as important many years ago as
they are today.
(A) wasn’t
(B) aren’t
(C) weren’t
__ 9. E-mail communication ___ common ten years ago.
(A) aren’t
(B) weren’t
(C) wasn’t
__10. I ___ at home this past weekend. I was visiting my family.
(A) am not
(B) wasn’t
(C) weren’t
Pre-Test (Yes/No Questions)
__ 11. ___ Kenneth sick two days ago?
(A) Is
(B) Were
(C) Was
__ 12. ___ Alex and Joseph on a basketball team last year?
(A) Were
(B) Are
(C) Was
__ 13. ___ your car at the mechanic last week?
(A) Was
(B) Is
(C) Were
__ 14. ___ the Taíno Indians intelligent and hardworking?
(A) Was
(B) Were
(C) Are
__ 15. ___you born in the United States?
(A) Are
(B) Was
(C) Were
Pre-Test (Information Questions)
__ 16. Why ___ the policemen at your house last night?
(A) was
(B) are
(C) were
__ 17. When ___ your grandfather in the US Army?
(A) were
(B) was
(C) is
__ 18. Where ___ the boys last weekend?
(A) are
(B) were
(C) was
__ 19. Who ___ Martin Luther King, Jr.?
(A) was
(B) is
(C) were
__ 20. What ___ your favorite game when you were a child?
(A) is
(B) were
(C) was
Pre-Test Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A
C
B
C
B
A
B
C
C
B
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
C
A
A
B
C
C
B
B
A
C
Verb To BE Past Tense
The Verb To BE is used to express:
state of being→
location
→
feelings
→
descriptions →
health
→
conditions
→
weather
→
time
→
nationality →
colors
→
sizes
→
dates
→
moods
→
prices
→
etc…
( I was an excellent student in high school.)
( We were in Costa Rica last summer.)
( The child was sad when he lost his toy.)
( The flowers were fresh and vivid a week ago.)
( Danny was sick with the flu last month.)
( The buildings were modern, now they are old.)
( Yesterday was a windy day.)
( It was 3:00 AM when the party ended.)
( Celia Cruz was a great Cuban singer.)
( My hair was blonde when I was a child.)
( Ten years ago, I was size 10, now I’m size 16.)
( Puerto Rico was discovered on November 19,1493.)
( Laura was angry when her friends played a trick on her.)
( Lands and houses were less expensive ten years ago.)
Verb To BE Past Tense
The Verb To BE has two forms in
the Past Tense:
was
were
Verb To BE Past Tense Time Expressions
this morning
yesterday ► morning
► afternoon
► evening
► night
the day before yesterday
► last night
► last Monday…
► last week
► last weekend
► last month
► last May
► last year
► last semester
► last summer
Verb To BE Past Tense Time Expressions
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
five seconds ago
ten minutes ago
two hours ago
two days ago
four weeks ago
two weekends ago
one month ago
two summers ago
a few years ago
many years ago
five years ago
a little while ago
in 1990…
Affirmative Sentences
More Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Mary was nine years old when she moved to the USA.
We were at the airport yesterday morning.
Last summer, Fred and Gina were in Italy.
The concert was cancelled because of bad weather.
The phone was busy when I called you last night.
The children were sick last week.
I was very shy when I was a teenager.
Record players were popular thirty years ago.
My dog was trained to protect the house.
Years ago, carbon and wood were used for cooking.
Negative
Sentences
More Examples:
1. Mary was not nine years old when she moved to the
USA,
she was five.
2. We were not at the airport yesterday morning.
3. Last Summer, Fred and Gina were not in Italy.
4. The concert was not cancelled because of bad
weather.
5. The phone was not in service when I called you last
night.
6. The children were not sick last week.
7. I was not very talkative when I was a teenager.
8. CD players were not popular thirty years ago.
9. My dog was not trained to save lives.
10. Years ago, stoves were not used for cooking because
they
weren’t invented.
Verb To BE Contractions in the Past Tense
Contractions: A contraction is the
combination
of two words into one. In contractions,
letters are
replaced with an apostrophe (’).
Verb To BE Contractions in the Past Tense
Important:
You cannot make contractions in
Affirmative Sentences in the Past Tense,
but you can make contractions in Negative
Sentences.
Language Notes
We cannot make a contraction with the
subject pronoun + was or were.
Examples:
No Contraction→ He was at the Mall yesterday.
No Contraction→ They were silent during class.
We cannot make a contraction with
there + was or there + were.
Examples:
No Contraction→ There was a fire in the store last month.
No Contraction→ There were two great movies on TV last night.
Language Notes
We can make a contraction with the negative form
of was and were.
Examples:
(1) I was not a hyperactive child. (was not)
I wasn’t a hyperactive child.
(contraction→ wasn’t)
(2) We were not nervous at the job interview. (were not)
We weren’t nervous at the job interview. (contraction→
weren’t)
Verb To BE Contractions in Negative Sentences
Complete Form
I was not
You were not
He was not
She was not
It was not
You were not
We were not
They were not
Contraction
I wasn’t
You weren’t
He wasn’t
She wasn’t
It wasn’t
You weren’t
We weren’t
They weren’t
Verb To BE Contractions in Negative Sentences
1.
1.
I was not nervous on
the first day of class.
I wasn’t nervous on the first day of class.
2. You (usted) were not
2.
You
dressed
wellweren’t
dressedwell
for the
job
for
the jobyesterday.
interview yesterday.
interview
3.3. Janet
in in
thethe
same school as her brother last year.
Janetwasn’t
was not
same school as her
brother
last year.
4. Joseph
wasn’t
ready for his oral report last Tuesday.
4.
Joseph was not ready
for his oral report last
Tuesday.
Verb To BE Contractions in Negative Sentences
5. The
TheAutomatic
AutomaticTeller
TellerMachine
Machine(ATM)
(ATM)in
inthe
theuniversity
university was
wasn’t
not in service
in service
yesterday
yesterday
afternoon.
afternoon.
6. You
Youweren’t
(ustedes)
inwere
the not in the library when I went by this
morning.
library when I went by
this morning.
7.
Ralph and I were not satisfied with the final decision.
7. Ralph and I weren’t satisfied
8. The
in the last English lesson were not difficult.
with exercises
the final decision.
8.
The exercises in the last
English lesson weren’t difficult.
Wh-Questions (Information Questions)
Question Word
Questions
Answers
Who (person)
Who was the first woman
pilot?
Amelia Earhart was the first
woman pilot.
What (thing)
What were yesterday’s
workshops about?
They were about new
computer software and
programs .
When (time)
When was the flight to Boston
cancelled?
It was cancelled fifteen
minutes ago.
Why (reason)
Why were the children sad at
the park?
They were sad because it was
time to leave.
Where (place)
Where were David and Elaine
last night?
They were at the gym.
How (description/health)
How was your day at work this
morning?
It was very busy but
interesting.
Whose (possession)
Whose historical house was
this years ago?
It was poet Luis Palés Matos’
house.
Wh-Questions (Information Questions)
More Examples:
1. (Q) When was Daniel promoted to sales manager?
(A) He was promoted last month.
2. (Q) Where were you and your friends last Saturday?
(A) We were in Old San Juan taking photos for our History
class.
3. (Q) Who were you with at the jazz festival?
(A) I was with my nephews and nieces.
Wh-Questions (Information Questions)
4. (Q) How was the English exam yesterday?
(A) It was easy but too long.
5. (Q) Why were the airports in Chicago and New York
closed last
week?
(A) They were closed because of the snow storms and the
terrible
weather.
6. (Q) What was the problem with your car?
(A) It was a problem with the air conditioning system.
Practice Exercises
(Affirmative Sentences)
Select the best answer.
__ 1. Francine and Jacob ___ in Italy last Christmas.
(A) are
(B) were
(C) was
__ 2. My mother ___ a model when she was young.
(A) were
(B) is
(C) was
__ 3. We ___ very busy at home this past weekend.
(A) were
(B) was
(C) are
__ 4. Our dog ___ at the veterinarian yesterday afternoon.
(A) was
(B) is
(C) were
__ 5. Many homes ___ destroyed when the hurricane passed through the
city.
(A) are
(B) was
(C) were
Practice Exercises
(Negative Sentences)
__ 6. Cell phones ____ invented when my parents were teenagers.
(A) aren’t
(B) weren’t
(C) wasn’t
__ 7. The hotel we stayed in ____ near public transportation.
(A) isn’t
(B) wasn’t
(C) weren’t
__ 8. Mr. Huertas ____ alone when the accident occurred.
(A) isn’t
(B) aren’t
(C) wasn’t
__ 9. Years ago, women ____ permitted to vote until the 1950s.
(A) weren’t
(B) wasn’t
(C) aren’t
__10. The Internet service ____ available last night.
(A) wasn’t
(B) isn’t
(C) aren’t
Practice Exercises
(Yes/No Questions)
__ 11. ____ the certified letter received on time?
(A) Is
(B) Was
(C) Were
__ 12. ____ the toll way costs in Puerto Rico raised last year?
(A) Were
(B) Are
(C) Was
__ 13. ____ your first grade teacher nice?
(A) Is
(B) Was
(C) Were
__ 14. ____ your old friends in the past class reunion?
(A) Was
(B) Are
(C) Were
__ 15. ____ a college education difficult to obtain fifty years ago?
(A) Were
(B) Is
(C) Was
Practice Exercises
(Information Questions)
__ 16. A: How ____ your past weekend?
B: It was wonderful.
(A) were
(B) is
(C) was
__ 17. A: What ____ the conference about ? B: It was about “Studying
Habits”.
(A) is
(B) was
(C) were
__ 18. A: Where ____ the criminals captured?
park.
(A) are
(B) were
(C) was
__ 19. A: Who ____ Elvis Presley?
(A) was
(B) is
B: They were captured in the
B: He was the king of Rock and Roll.
(C) are
__ 20. A: Why ____ Paul and Patricia in trouble with the police?
B: They were in trouble because they didn’t have a driver’s license.
(A) are
(B) were
(C) was
Practice Exercise Answer Key
B
11. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. A
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. C
16. C
17. B
18. B
19. A
20. B
1.
Post Test (Affirmative Sentences)
Select the best answer.
__ 1. My family and I ___ in Mexico last summer.
(A) were
(B) are
(C) was
__ 2. The office door ___ closed this morning.
(A) is
(B) were
(C) was
__ 3. Teresa ___ absent to work yesterday.
(A) is
(B) was
(C) were
__ 4. We ___ very tired after our long walk in the country.
(A) are
(B) was
(C) were
__ 5. Pedro and Susan ___ at the cinema last night.
(A) was
(B) were
(C) are
Post Test (Negative Sentences)
__ 6. The weather ___ pleasant yesterday. It was raining all day.
(A) wasn’t
(B) isn’t
(C) weren’t
__ 7. You ___ at the meeting this morning. What happened?
(A) aren’t
(B) weren’t
(C) wasn’t
__ 8. Endangered animals ___ as important many years ago as they are
today.
(A) wasn’t
(B) aren’t
(C) weren’t
__ 9. E-mail communication ___ common ten years ago.
(A) aren’t
(B) weren’t
(C) wasn’t
__10. I ___ at home this past weekend. I was visiting my family.
(A) am not
(B) wasn’t
(C) weren’t
Post Test (Yes/No Questions)
__ 11. ___ Kenneth sick two days ago?
(A) Is
(B) Were
(C) Was
__ 12. ___ Alex and Joseph on a basketball team last year?
(A) Were
(B) Are
(C) Was
__ 13. ___ your car at the mechanic last week?
(A) Was
(B) Is
(C) Were
__ 14. ___ the Taíno Indians intelligent and hardworking?
(A) Was
(B) Were
(C) Are
__ 15. ___you born in the United States?
(A) Are
(B) Was
(C) Were
Post Test (Information Questions)
__ 16. Why ___ the policemen at your house last night?
(A) was
(B) are
(C) were
__ 17. When ___ your grandfather in the US Army?
(A) were
(B) was
(C) is
__ 18. Where ___ the boys last weekend?
(A) are
(B) were
(C) was
__ 19. Who ___ Martin Luther King Jr.?
(A) was
(B) is
(C) were
__ 20. What ___ your favorite game when you were a child?
(A) is
(B) were
(C) was
Post Test Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A
C
B
C
B
A
B
C
C
B
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
C
A
A
B
C
C
B
B
A
C
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
The Past Progressive
The past progressive is used to talk about an activity that was
in progress at a specific point of time in the past. The
emphasis is on the duration of the activity in the past.
I was studying for an exam while my mother was cooking dinner.
We were walking in the park around 7 p.m. last night.
The Past Progressive
The past progressive is often used with the simple past to
show that one action was in progress when another action
occurred.
I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.
They were eating dinner when the neighbors stopped by for a visit.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
The Past Perfect
This tense describes completed events that took place in the
past before another past event.
had received
it hit
had eaten
my friend stopped by
The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg.
I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to visit.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past Perfect Progressive
This tense is used to emphasize the duration of an action that
was completed before another action or event in the past.
had been
driving
she found the right office
She had been driving around the city for three hours before she
finally found the right office.
The Future
Will and be + going + to are often used to describe future
actions.
Thomas will graduate in June.
Maria is going to go to Mexico next week.
The Future
The simple present and present progressive are also used to
express future time. These are often used used in connection
with schedules.
She is meeting a new client at eleven o’clock.
The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.
The Future Progressive
This tense is used to describe an event or action that will
occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future.
at 10 a.m. tomorrow
by the time you arrive
I will be teaching ESL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
They will be moving their furniture out of the house by the time you
arrive tomorrow.
The Future Perfect
This tense is used to describe an event or action that will be
completed before another event or time in the future.
will have finished the exam
class ends
We will have finished the exam by the time class ends tomorrow.
Future Perfect Progressive
This tense describes an action that has been in progress for a
duration of time before another event or time in the future.
finishes law school
will have been living in the
U.S. for eight years
By the time he finishes law school, we will have been living in the
U.S. for eight years.
Singular and Plural Verb Forms of Have
for First, Second and Third Person
Singular
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
Plural
I (have) (had)
we (had) (have)
you (have) (had)
you (have) (had)
he, she, it (has)
(had)
They (have)
(had)
Mary (has)
(had)
Mary and Tom
(have) (had)
PP 10-5