PORSEC 2014 Studi on seasonal variability in internal wave signatures in the lombok strait area using sar and optical sensor.

12th Biennial Conference of
Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference
(PORSEC)
2014

"Ocean Remote Sensing for
Sustainable Resources"
04 – 07 November 2014, Bali-Indonesia

ISBN 978-602-72335-0-8

12th Biennial Conference of
Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC)
2014

"Ocean Remote Sensing for
Sustainable Resources"

04 – 07 November 2014, Bali-Indonesia
Scientific Committee:
Prof. Dr. Dan Ling Tang

Prof. Dr. Bonar P. Pasaribu
Prof. Dr. Made Sudiana Mahendra
Dr. Orbita Roswintiarti
Dr. Kristina Katsaros
Dr. Antony Liu
Dr. Masahisa Kubota

Editors:
Prof. Dr. Tasuku Tanaka
Dr. Gad Levy
Dr. James Gower
Dr. Ir. I Wayan Nuarsa
Dr. Wikanti Asriningrum
Ir. Wawan K. Harsanugraha, M.Si

YAMAGUCHI Univ. – Japan
NWRA – USA
DFO – Canada
UDAYANA Univ. – Indonesia
LAPAN – Indonesia

LAPAN – Indonesia

ISBN 978-602-72335-0-8
JAKARTA, March 2015

ii

12th Biennial Conference of
Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC)
2014

"Ocean Remote Sensing for
Sustainable Resources"

04 – 07 November 2014, Bali-Indonesia

All papers in this book have been selected by the scientific committee.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, downloaded,
disseminated, published, or transferred in any form or by any means, except
with the prior written permission of, and with express attribution to the

author.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the
accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot any legal
responsibility or liability for any errors that may be made.

ISBN 978-602-72335-0-8
JAKARTA, March 2015

iii

Preface
Since its establishment in 1990, the Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference
(PORSEC) has rapidly gained global status as one of the most prestigious
Remote Sensing Conference in the world, with a scope covering all world
oceans. PORSEC is an organization dedicated to helping developing nations
stimulate their science programs with focus on the applications of remote
sensing technology in Ocean Sciences. PORSEC has provided over a decade of
effort with scientists from over thirty countries participating in conferences
once every two years.
The Indonesian National University of Udayana, together with National

Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), are privileged to host PORSEC
4, the Twelfth Bie ial Co fere e with the the e O ea Re ote “e si g
for “ustai a le Resour es i De pasar – Bali, Indonesia during November 4th7th, 2014.
The conference reviewed and discussed the state of ocean remote sensing and
will help scientists and students involved in ocean-atmosphere studies using
remote sensing techniques to benefit from interactions with the experts
participating from all over the globe. The conference also provide an
opportunity to showcase the research work carried out using remote sensing
techniques from various satellite missions and the applications of ocean
remote sensing for societal benefits.
The successful completion of the PORSEC 2014 Proceedings is the result of the
cooperation, confidence, and endurance of many people. All contributions are
greatly appreciated. It is impossible to overestimate the importance of their
efforts in helping us meet deadlines, their insights in editing, and their donation
of time.

Jakarta, March 2015
Editors

iv

Local Organizing Committee
PORSEC 2014
Steering:
Orbita Roswintiarti
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

A.A. Raka Sudewi
Udayana University, Indonesia

I Made Suastra
Udayana University, Indonesia
Responsible Person:
Rokhis Khomarudin
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

Made Budiarsa
Udayana University, Indonesia

Chair Person:
Made Sudiana Mahendra
Udayana University, Indonesia

Syarif Budhiman
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

Co-Chair Person:
Maryani Hartuti
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Takahiro Osawa
Udayana University, Indonesia

Budiarsa Suyasa
Udayana University, Indonesia
Hamidah Yunus
Udayana University, Indonesia

Members:
Winanto
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

Noer Syamsu
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

Ketut Budiartawan
Udayana University, Indonesia

Gathot Winarso
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
v

I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang
Udayana University, Indonesia

Nyoman Arto Suprapto
Udayana University, Indonesia
Teguh Prayogo
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Hanggar Prasetyo Kadarisman
Udayana University, Indonesia
Ety Parwati
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

Anang Dwi Purwanto
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Ahcmad Supriyono
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
I Made Sukawijaya
Udayana University, Indonesia
Komang Arya Purwanto

Udayana University, Indonesia
I Wayan Budiada
Udayana University, Indonesia

Rossi Hamzah
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

Yennie Marini
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

I Gede Nyoman Konsumajaya
Udayana University, Indonesia

Anneke K.S. Manoppo
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

Abd.Rahman As-Syakur

Udayana University, Indonesia
I Ketut Budiartawan
Udayana University, Indonesia
Kuncoro Teguh Setiawan
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Ketut Sukadana
Udayana University, Indonesia

vi

Paper and Proceeding
Coordinator:
Wawan K. Harsanugraha
National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)
Members:
I Wayan Nuarsa
Udayana University, Indonesia
Wikanti Asriningrum
National Institute of Aeronautics

and Space (LAPAN)
Sartono Marpaung
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Emiyati
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Kuncoro Teguh Setiawan
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Yennie Marini
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

Nanin Anggraini
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Syifa Wismayati Adawiah
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Hamdi Eko Putranto
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Udhi Catur Nugroho
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
I Made Karsika
Udayana University, Indonesia
Putu Ari Ardiswana
Udayana University, Indonesia

Anneke K.S. Manoppo
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

vii

Paper and Proceeding
Coordinator:
Wawan K. Harsanugraha
National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN)
Members:
I Wayan Nuarsa
Udayana University, Indonesia
Wikanti Asriningrum
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Sartono Marpaung
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Emiyati
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Kuncoro Teguh Setiawan
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Yennie Marini
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

Nanin Anggraini
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Syifa Wismayati Adawiah
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Hamdi Eko Putranto
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
Udhi Catur Nugroho
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)
I Made Karsika
Udayana University, Indonesia
Putu Ari Ardiswana
Udayana University, Indonesia

Anneke K.S. Manoppo
National Institute of Aeronautics
and Space (LAPAN)

vii

CONTENTS
A. ORAL PRESENTATIONS
1 Habitat Model Development of Pacific Saury (Cololabis Saira) Using Satellite Remotely
Sensed Data in the Northwestern North Pacific

1-12

Achmad Fachruddin Syah, Sei-Ichi Saitoh, Irene Alabia, and Toru Hirawake

2 Cost-Effective Approach to Estimate Unreported Data: Rebuilding History of Lift-Net Fishing
in Kwandang Waters

13-20

Andhika Prima Prasetyo, Duto Nugroho, Lilis Sadiyah, and Rudy Masuswo Purwoko

3 The Use of Image Rotations on Multispectral-Based Benthic Habitats Mapping

21-30

Pramaditya Wicaksono

4 The Utilization of Landsat-8 for Mapping the Surface Waters Temperature of Grupuk Bay West Nusa Tenggara: with Implications for Seaweeds Cultivation

31-40

Bidawi Hasyim, Syarif Budiman, Arlina Ratnasari, Emiyati, and Anneke Manoppo

5 Multispectral Satellite Data for Mapping of Coral Reef Death Due to El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) in Western Sumatra

41-46

Munawaroh and Nurul Ihsan Fawzi

6 Spatial-Temporal Variability of Satellite-Derived Phytoplankton Size Classes in the South
China Sea

47-58

Hai Jun YE, Dan Ling TANG, and R.P.P.K. Jayasinghe

7 Morphological Characteristics of Antarctic Coast Based on the Laser Altimetry

59-62

Jieun Kim and Jaehyung Yu

8 Investigation of Coastal Sediment Spectrums Behavior Based on Moisture Content and
Mineralogy; a Case Study of South Korea

63-66

Haein Shin and Jaehyung Yu

9 40 Year Record of Antarctic Coastal Change from 1960s to 2000s Based on the Remote
Sensing Monitoring

67-70

Jaehyung Yu and Yongshik Jeon

10 Performance Multimodel Climate-Sytem Historical Forecast Project (CHFP) in
Characterize Feature and Impact of El Nino Modoki

71-78

Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika and Nurjanna Joko Trilaksono

11 Shallow Sounding Bathymetric Using Multibeam Echosounder and Topographic Laser
Scanner

79-86

Nursugi, Tri Patmasari, dan Khafid

12 Impacts of Human Activities on the Evolution of Estuarine Wetland in the Yangtze Delta from
2000 to 2010

87-102

Lei Zhang Bingfang Wu Kai Yin ·Xiaosong Li· Kun Kia· Liang Zhu

13 New Land Accretion from 2000-2003 at Segara Anakan Lagoon, Southcoast of West and
Central Java

103-114

I Wayan Lugra, Deny Setyady, I.N. Astawa, G.M. Hermansyah, and P.H. Wijaya

14 Spatial Dynamics and Distribution of Live Coral, in Outer Zone, Spermonde Archipelago,
Indonesia

115-126

Nurjannah Nurdin, Khaerul Amri, Abd. Rasyid Djalil, Ilham Jaya, Agus, and M. Akbar
A.S.

15 The European Atlas of the Seas: Combining Conventional and Satellite Data for

127-136
viii

ApplicationsIn Fisheries and Aquaculture Management
Vittorio Barale, Jean Dusart, Michael Assouline, and Alberto Lorenzo-Alonso

16 Influence of the Asia Monsoon on the Red Sea Basic Ecosystem Dynamics

137-150

Vittorio Barale and Martin Gade

17 Three Dimensional Reconstruction of Rain Rates from X – SAR Measurements Using
Tomography

151-162

Marco Moscatelli and Gad Levy

18 Application of Multibeam Data for Characterizing Seabed Geology at Morotai Strait

163-170

Taufan Wiguna and Muhammad Irfan

19 Wave Characteristics of Indonesian Waters for Sea Transport Safety and Planning

171-186

Mia Khusnul Khotimah and Roni Kurniawan

20 Remote Sensing Applied to the Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Dengue
Incidence Based on Ecological and Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors in Sri Lanka

187-194

Sumiko Anno, Keiji Imaoka, Takeo Tadono, Tamotsu Igarashi, Subramaniam
Sivaganesh, Selvam Kannathasan, Vaithehi Kumaran, and Sinnathamby Noble
Surendran

21 Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus Obesus) Hotspots in the Eastern Indian Ocean Off Java

195-200

Mega Syamsuddin, Sei-Ichi Saitoh, and Toru Hirawake

22

Comparison of Sun Glint Correction Methods for Casi-1500 Data in Shallow Waters

201-208

Joo-Young Jeon, Sun-Hwa Kim, Chan-Su Yang, and Kazuo Ouchi

23 The Study on the Development of Satellite Data Processing System

209-216

Chen Yuanwei

24 Comparative Study of Phytoplankton Bloom in Indonesian Waters Using Aqua-Modis
Satellite Data
Rion S. Salman dan Ayufitriya

217-224

)

25 Spaceborne SAR Imaging of Coastal Ocean Phenomena in the China Seas

225-228

Xiaofeng Li and Feng Sha

26 Monthly Sea Surface Salinity Variation in Aru and Arafura Sea By Using Aquarius Satellite
Image Data

229-234

Yuwana Setiabudi Sriraharjo and Susanna Nurdjaman

27 Business Process Analysis for High Resolution Remote Sensing Data Acquisition and
Distribution

235-240

Andie Setiyoko and Rubini Jusuf

28 Using Satellite Remote Sensing and Catch Data to Characterize Potential Fishing Zones for
Skipjack Tuna in Bone Bay-Flores Sea During Northwest Monsoon

241-250

Mukti Zainuddin, Safruddin, M. Banda Selamat, Adam Malik, and Sei-Ichi Saitoh

29 Analysis of Total Suspended Solid Using Landsat 8 Imagery (Study of Case: Sampit Bay,
Indonesia)

251-256

Anang Dwi Purwanto and Syarif Budhiman

30 Monitoring Volcanic Activity of the Nishinoshima Island from Spaceborne SAR

257-260

Tadashi Sasagawa

31 Modeling Sensor Proton Magnetometer in Small Satellite

261-266

Sofian Rizal

32 Variability of Chlorophyll-a Distribution and Its Relation to the Wind Patterns in Lombok
Waters

267-272

Anneke K.S. Manoppo, Muhammad Riandy, Emiyati, Bidawi Hasyim, and Syarif
Budhiman

ix

33 An Evaluation of Theuse of SRTM Data to the Accuracy of Local Geoid Determination: A
Case Study of Yogyakarta Region, Indonesia

273-280

Bagas Triarahmadhana and Leni S. Heliani

34 Ocean Front Application on Fishing Ground Identification in the Sourthern Taiwan Strait

281-286

Yi Chang, Ming-An Lee, Tzu-Huang Chang, and Cheng-Hsin Liao

35 The Effect of Different DEM Accuracyon the Orthoimage Generation

287-292

Jali Octariady, Djurdjani, and Heri Sutanta

36 Blue Carbon Stock of Mangrove Ecosystem in Nusa Penida, Bali

293-300

Mariska A. Kusumaningtyas, August Daulat, Devi D. Suryono, Restu Nur Afi Ati, Terry
L., Kepel, Agustin Rustam, Yusmiana P. Rahayu, Peter Mangindaan, Nasir Sudirman,
and Andreas A. Hutahaean

37 Distribution and Sources of Oil Slicks in the Middle Adriatic Sea

301-308

Mira Morović, Andrei Ivanov, Marinko Oluić, Žarko Kovač, and Nadezhda Terleeva

38 New Mangrove Index as Degradation/Health Indicator Using Remote Sensing Data: Segara
Anakan and Alas Purwo Case Study

309-316

Gathot Winarso, Anang D. Purwanto, and Doddy M. Yuwono

39 The Improvement of the Sustainable Aquaculture Model for Kelp and Scallop in Southern
Hokkaido, Japan Using Satellite Remote Sensing, GIS and OGCM

317-322

Yang Liu, Sei-Ichi Saitoh, I. Nyoman Radiarta, and Toru Hirawake

40 Satellite Detection of Giant Colonies of PhaeocystisGlobosa in Coastal Waters off Viet Nam

323-328

Montes-Hugo M.A., Doan-Nhu H., and Nguyen-Ngoc L.

41 MCS Detection Using Lightning Recording and Satellite Imagery

329-336

I Putu Dedy Pratama, Pande Komang Gede Arta Negara, Pande Made, and Rony
Kurniawan
C

42 Analysis of Cloud Removal Method on Sea Area Using Landsat-8 Multi-Temporal

337-340

Danang Surya and Candra Yudi Prabowo

43 Accuracy Estimation and Validation of Offshore Wind Speed by Using Terra SAR-X

341-344

RyotaroAbo, Katsutoshi Kozai, Teruo Ohsawa, and Koji Kawaguchi

44 Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Satellite Data Processing System to Produce Sea
Surface Temperature

345-354

Budhi Gustiandi and Andy Indradjad

45 Bio-Physical Coupling in the Bay of Bengal – A Remote Sensing Perspective

355-362

Benny N. Peter, Mridula K.R., Mazlan Hashim, and Nadzri Reba

46 Analysis of Monthly Mean Surface Currents for Bali Waters Using OSCAR

363-372

Subekti Mujiasih and A. Rita Tisiana Dwi Kuswardani

47 Sea Surface Chlorophyll Fronts in the Taiwan Strait

372-376

Yi-Sin Fang, Tzu-Huang Chang, and Yi Chang

48

Shoreline Change Analysis of Gulf of Cambay Using GIS

377-380

Vivek Gouda and Robinu Rose Mathew

49 Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variability of the Coccolithophore Blooms in the Barents and the
Black Seas from Satellite Data

381-390

Oleg Kopelevich, Sergey Sheberstov, Vladimir Burenkov, and Svetlana Vazyulya

50 Observed the Indian Ocean Dipole 2011 from Satellite and In-Situ In West Java Sea Waters

391-394

Jonson Lumban-Gaol, Bonar P. Pasaribu, Djisman Manurung, Risti Endriani Arhatin,
Sripujiati, and Marisa Meiling

51 Satellite Altimetry and Hydrologic Modeling of Poorly-Gauged Tropical Watershed

395-404

Y. Budi Sulistioadi, Kuo-Hsin Tseng, C.K. Shum, Michael F. Jasinski, and Hidayat

x

52 Harmful Algal Bloom Phenomenon in Lampung Bay Base on Red Tide Analysis Using
SPOT-4 Image

405-408

Emiyati, Ety Parwati, and Syarif Budhiman

53 Acoustic Emission and Laser Breakdown of Water with Different Salinity

409-414

Alexey V. Bulanov

54 Squid Habitat Hotspots in Pelagic Waters of Western and Central North Pacific: Roles of
Eddies and Sub-Surface Features

415-420

Sei-Ichi Saitoh, Irene Alabia, Robinson Mugo, Hiromichi Igarashi, Yoichi Ishikawa,
Norihisa Usui, Masafumi Kamachi, Toshiyuki Awaji, and Masaki Seito

55 Extraction Method Development in Land and Ocean Salinity

421-428

Wiweka

56 Indonesian Multi-Scale Grid System for Environmental and Oceanic Data
Akhmad Riqqi and Ivonne M. Radjawan

429-434

57 Mapping of Total Suspended Matter Using Landsat 8 in Coastal Areas of Lombok Island

435-438

Emiyati, Anneke K.S. Manoppo, and Syarif Budhiman

58 Trend Analysis of Mean Sea Level at South China Sea Using Mann-Kendall Method

439-446

Moehammad Ediyan Raza Karmel

59 Visualization System of Monthly Average Sea Surface Temperature Modis Using KML in
Google Earth

447-452

Andy Indradjad and Yennie Marini

60 On the Use of Satellite-Measured Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Monitoring Coastal and
Ocean Waters

453-460

Jim Gower

61 Global Sea Level Rise: the Case for a Dam onCthe Strait of Gibraltar

461-468

Jim Gower

62 Compatibility Test of Windsat Data over Indonesian Monsoon Path

469-476

I Ketut Swardika

63 Extraction Model of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Using Landsat Remote Sensing
Satelite Data. Case Study: Ringgung Coastal Waters

477-488

Muchlisin Arief

64 Oceanographic Characteristics Studies in North of Papua Waters Between 2010 to 2012
Using Modis Imagery

489-496

Amalia Hadiyanti and Retnadi Heru Jatmiko

65 Spatial Distribution and Interaction of Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Fish Biomass at the
North of Papua

497-504

A. Hartoko and Subiyanto

66 Temporal and Spatial Changes of the Coastline and Coastal Wetlands in the Red River
Estuary, Vietnam from 1986 to 2013

505-514

Nguyen Tien Cong, Ngo DucAnh, and Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy

67 Development of Ocean Wave Spectrum Estimation from HF Radar

515-520

Yukiharu Hisaki Syah

68 A Numerical Simulation of Wave and Sediment Transport in the Balikpapan Bay, East
Kalimantan, Indonseia

521-526

Idris Mandang, Ashadi A. Nur, and Arya M. Fitroh

69 Numerical Simulations in Coastal Hydraulics and Sediment Transport: Application to
Mahakam Estuary, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

527-532

Ansorullah Jamal, Idris Mandang, and Pariwate Varnakovida

xi

70 The Effect of Different Atmospheric Correction on Bathymetry Extraction Using Landsat
Satellite Imagery

533-538

Kuncoro Teguh Setiawan, Yennie Marini, Achmad Supriyono, and Syarif Budhiman

71 Spatial Data Analysis and Remote Sensing for Observing Tsunami-Inundated Area

539-548

Abu Bakar Sambah and Fusanori Miura

72 Development of Method for Extracting Low-Level Tropospheric Moisture Content from
Ground Based GPS Derived Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV)

549-558

Aries Kristianto, Tri Wahyu Hadi, and Dudy Darmawan Wijaya

73 VIIRS Detection of Lit Fishing Boats

559-562

Christopher D. Elvidge, Mikhail Zhizhin, Kimberly Baugh, and Feng-Chi Hsu

74 The Assessment of Mangrove Ecosystem for Capture Fisheries Product

563-568

Dewayany Sutrisno, Yatin Suwarno, and Irmadi Nahib

75 Utilization of Satellite Remote Sensing Data for the Determination of Potential Fishing Areas
and Its Validation in the Strait of Bali

569-574

Nyoman Dati Pertami and Komang Iwan Suniada

76 Spatial Distribution Analysis of Albacore Tuna (Thunnus Alalunga) Using Argo Float SubSurface Temperature Related to Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) Impact in South Java Indian
Ocean

575-582

Bambang Sukresno, Agus Hartoko, Budi Sulistyo, and Subiyanto

77 Sea Surface Temperature Measurement from TMI and Modis Data

583-588

Yennie Marini, Gathot Winarso, and Anneke K.S. Manoppo

78 Prediction of Coral Reef Damage Using Cellular Automata-Markov

589-596

Agus Aris, Nurjannah Nurdin, Vincentius P. Siregar, and Ibnu Sofian

79 Estimation of Sea Surface Temperature Distribution in Ekas Bay Using Landsat-8 Satellite
Imagery

597-604

Muhammad Ramdhan

80 Coastal Characteristics of Indonesia and Its Relation to the Tsunami Hazard

605-614

M. Priyatna, M. Rokhis Khomarudin, and Dini Ambarwati

81 Evaluation of Multitemporal Landsat Satellite Images to Identify Total Suspended Solid
(TSS) Alteration in Saguling Reservoir, West Bandung, Indonesia

615-622

Anjar Dimara Sakti, Soni Darmawan, and Ketut Wikantika

82 Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Southern Part of Java Island and the Lesser
Sunda: Corresponding to the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM)

623-630

I Gede Hendrawan, I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang, I Made Kertayasa, and I G.A. Diah
Valentina Lestari

83 Laboratory Study of Cross-Polarized Radar Return at Gale-force Winds

631-636

Yu. Troitskaya, V. Abramov, A. Ermoshkin, E. Zuikova, V. Kazakov, D. Sergeev, and A.
Kandaurov

84

Satellite Observation of Large-Scale Coastal Change: A Case Study from Cigu Lagoon,
Taiwan

637-642

Tzu-Huang Chang, Yi Chang, Laurence Zsu-Hsin Chuang, and Ming-An Lee

85

Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Surface Chlorophyll in Relation to Bigeye Tuna
Fishery in the Southern Waters Off Java and Bali

643-654

Martiwi Diah Setiawati and Fusanori Miura

86 Mode 2 Internal Solitary Waves: Measurements of Surface Currents from Laboratory
Experiments and Numerical Simulations, and the Results of a SAR Simulator

655-662

Donald P. Delisi, Jinsong Chong, Xiangzhen Yu, Thomas S. Lund, and David Y. Lai

xii

87 The Climate Change Impact on Coralin Weh Island and Aceh Island Indonesia

663-670

A. Besse Rimba, Joseph Maina, and Fusanori Miura

88 Investigating the Effect of Rainstorm on Coastal Coral Reef Water -- A Case Study in Xuwen
Coral Reef Coast Region, South China

671-682

Weiqi Chen, Xuelian Meng, Shuisen Chen, Liusheng Han, and Siyu Huang

89 Satellite Remote Sensing in Fishery Forecast in India: Past, Present, and Challenges

683-690

Aishwarya Narain

90 Identifying of Change of Mangrove Forest and Mining Areas at the Coastal of Karimun Besar
Island

691-696

Tatik Kartika and Silvia Anwar

91 Basin Configuration Identification by Airborne Gravity in WesternTanjung, South Borneo

697-704

Ermin Retnowati, Dyah Pangastuti, Boko Nurdiyanto S., Arisauna M. Pahlevi, Gonata
Pranajaya and Thomas Cafreza Atarita

92 A DASH7 Based Monitoring System for Mariculture Environment

705-712

Yuvin Ha, Sang-Hwa Chung, Yun-Sung Lee, Ik Joo Jeong, Sung-Jun Lee, Jung-hoon Cha,
and Hyong-ki Yoon

93 Assessment and Mapping of Coastal Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise (Case Study at
Semarang Coastal Area, Central Java)

713-722

Husnayaen, Takahiro Osawa, and Ida Ayu Astarini

94 Detecting the Affected Areas of Mount Sinabung Eruption Using Landsat-8 Based on
Reflectance Change

723-734

Suwarsono, Hidayat, Jalu Tejo Nugroho, Wiweka, Parwati, and M. Rokhis Khomarudin

95 Detection of Seabed in Seribu Islands Seawaters

735-738

Sri Pujiyati, Kaisar Akhir, and Risti E. Arhatin

96 The Creation of Forest Base Probability ImageC in Coastal Area of East Kalimantan Indonesia
Using Canonical Variate Analysis

739-744

Ita Carolita and Tatik Kartika

97 Satellite Data for Water Clarity Mapping in Indonesia Lake Water

745-752

Bambang Trisakti, Nana Suwargana and I Made Parsa

98 Study on Seasonal Variability in Internal Wave Signatures in the Lombok Strait Area
Using SAR and Optical Sensor

753-766

I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang, Takahiro Osawa, Leonid Mitnik, and I Made Satria
Wibawa

B. POSTER PRESENTATIONS
01 Bathymetric Mapping of Shallow Water Surrounding Dongsha Island Using Quickbird Image

769-774

Li Dongling, Zhang Huaguo, and Lou Xiulin

02 Impacts of Typhoons on Hypoxia Off the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary: Estimations
from Satellite Data

775-782

Jianyu Chen, Zhihua Mao, Fang Gong, and Kui Wang

03 Investigation of Whitening Event Using Hyperspectral Data in the Coastal Region of Jeju
Island, South Korea

783-788

Sun-Hwa Kim, Joo-Young Jeon, and Chan-SuYang

04 Vertical Structure in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Based on the Wind-Driven Circulation
Theory

789-796

Rina Tajima, KunioKutsuwada, and Kunihiro Aoki

xiii

05 Design and Construction of a Remote Sensing-Based Harmful Algal Blooms Monitoring
System

797-802

Qiankun Zhu, Bangyi Tao, Hui Lei, and Jianyu Chen

06 The Propagation and Sources Analysis of the Internal Waves in the Northwestern South
China Sea Based an Satellite Remote Sensing

803-808

Juan Wang, Jingsong Yang, Huaguo Zhang, Dongling Li, Lin Ren, and Gang Zheng

07 Acceleration Development Region Capture Fisheries Economy Oriented (A Case at Coast
Southern District Garut West Java Province)

809-816

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821-828

Suguru Kameda and Kunio Kutsuwada

10 Evaluation of Offshore Wind Energy Resources by Using Scatterometer and RadiometerDerived Wind Speeds and WRF

829-832

Katsutoshi Kozai, Tsuguhiro Morita, and Teruo Ohsawa

11 Monitoring the Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Increase on Coral Bleaching in
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12 Spectral Unmixing Applied to Meris Images of Berau Estuary Waters to Separate the Effects
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839-848

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C

13 Spatial Multi Criteria Land Evaluation and Remote Sensing for Area Delineation of Shrimp
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849-856

Wiwin Ambarwulan, W. Verhoef, and C. Mannaerts

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Suhana, Aninda W. Rudiastuti, and Gatot Rudiyono

16 Monitoring Changes on Mangroves Coasts Using High Resolution Satellite Images. A Case
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xiv

12th Biennial Conference of Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC 2014)
04 – 07 November 2014, Bali-Indonesia

STUDY ON SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN INTERNAL
WAVESIGNATURES IN THE LOMBOK STRAIT AREA
USING SARAND OPTICAL SENSOR
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang1,2,*), Takahiro Osawa2),
Leonid Mitnik3), and I Made Satria Wibawa4)
1)

Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Udayana
University, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran 80361 Bali, Indonesia
2)
Center for Remote Sensing and Ocean Scince (CReSOS), Udayana University,
PB Sudirman Street Denpasar 80232 Bali, Indonesia
3)
V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
4)
Department of Physics, Udayana University
*)E-mail: gedekarang@unud.ac.id
ABSTRACT

The distribution of internal waves in the Lombok Strait area has been studied by screening
Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS

PALSAR) images and Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) images for se a surface
signatures of internal waves. This paper describes the use of satellite imagery for internal wave
frequency detection and presents the results from a survey that detected 322 internal wave
occurrences with combined ALOS PALSAR and SPOT imagery over the period January 1996 to
December 2011. The occurrence of internal wave signatures is correlated with the phase of the
spring neap tidal cycle. The paper also discusses the spatial and temporal distribution of internal
wave occurrences in the Lombok Strait area.
Keywords: ALOS PALSAR , internal waves, Lombok Strait, SPOT

1.
INTRODUCTION
Internal wave is one of the oceanic
phenomena
that
lead
interest
to
oceanographers because its implications and
impact for the surrounding environment. In
terms of physical, internal waves can cause
vertical mixing that would change the
structure of the sea water locally and globally.
Indonesia seas consist of complex bathymetry
and are located between two continents and
two oceans. From previous research,
Indonesian seas can be regarded as a mixer of
Pacific Ocean water before the exit to the
Indian Ocean trough Indonesian Throughflow
(ITF) (Wyrtki, 1987; Miyama et al., 1995;
Godfrey, 1996; Gordon, 2005). Lombok Strait
is one of the most important exit flows of

Indonesian Throughflow, where twenty
percent amount of the water mass of the
Pacific Ocean into Indian Ocean transferred by
this strait (Murray and Arief, 1988). The
importance of the Lombok Strait extends far
beyond of its regional role. There is a large
body of research work dealing with different
aspects of Lombok Strait circulation and
dynamics (Murray and Arief, 1988; Arief,
1992; Arief et al., 1996; Gordon, 2005;
Hautala et al., 2001; Potemra et al., 2002;
Atmadipoera et al., 2009) Satellite sensor
imaging and numerical study have been
revealed that the Lombok Strait is a narrow
channel where the energetic internal waves
occurred frequently (Jakson et al, 2004;
Jackson, 2007; Mitnik et al. 2000; Susanto et
al, 2005; Ningsih et al, 2008; Mathews et al.
2011; Karang et al, 2011). Satellite Synthetic
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Aperture Radar (SAR) and visible images
show that the wave crests
1

line may reach 100 km or more (Mitnik et al.,
2000; Susanto et al., 2005; Karang et al.,
2011). By using numerical experiment
indicates that the two dimensional internal
wave structure can well be described by the
solitary wave solutions to the Kartoweg-de
Vries (KdV) equation (Korteweg and de Vries,
1985). The characteristics amplitude of
internal solitary wave is about 39.45 m
(Jaharrudin, 2004).
Of the study of the internal wave in the
Lombok Strait, there are various results.
Mitnik et al (2000) and Susanto et al. (2005)
suggested that the internal wave occurrence
were generated by the interaction of
successive tidal flows with the sill south of the
Lombok Strait. Visser (2004) has initiated the
study using a mathematical approach that links
theory of relationship instability KelvinHelmholzt with internal wave generation. He
made observations on internal waves with a
two layer approach of sea water and search the
values of frequency, wavelength and velocity
of flow dispersion relation equation with the
basic principle of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
approach, which values the amplitude of the
waves causes the price to be increased or
decreases exponentially both spatially and
temporally. Jaharrudin (2004) applied the
asymptotic method to obtain solutions of
higher-order KdV equation is done by
modified the equations of motion of internal
waves by using two methods, namely
Lagrange and Hamilton methods. Assuming
internal wave soliton characteristics, obtained
estimates of wave amplitude solitons in
northern Lombok Strait of 39.45 m at a depth
of 1500 m. Pujiana (2004) and Ningsih et al.
(2008) concluded that the interaction of
barotropic tidal currents with sill generating
internal waves in the Lombok Strait. Recently,
Matthews et al (2011) analyzed the statistics
of satellite SAR images gathered over the

Lombok Strait region, and suggest that it is
necessary to recognize two main classes of
high-frequency nonlinear internal waves in the
Lombok Strait region; Arc-like internal wave
and irregular internal wave.
All the hypotheses have their own bases
and
reasonableness.
However,
these
hypotheses must face to the same challenge,
i.e., how to explain the seasonal variability of
internal waves occurrence? It is the primary
motivation for this study to look for other
seasonal mechanisms, which are best suitable
for description of internal wave behavior
observed in the Lombok Strait, and give
proper explanations to the seasonal variability
of internal wave generation in the Lombok
Strait. The main aim of this study is to
comprehensively describe the seasonal
variability of the internal wave occurrence in
the Lombok Strait.
2. REASEARCH METODOLOGY
2.1 Study Area
The Lombok Strait is located between the
islands of Bali and Lombok (Figure 2.1),
within the center of the strait are 8 S latitude
and 116 E longitude. It connects with Flores
Sea from the north and East
Indian Ocean from the south. As one of the
outflow channels of ITF, the study area is vital
to climate change, as a transit area of warm
water from western Pacific Ocean and cold
water from the eastern Indian Ocean. The zone
of satellite data observation to be investigated
is rectangular: from 7.260 to
9.830 S and 115.060 to 1160 E. The isobaths are
also shown in Figure 2.1. One can see that the
depth of satellite data locations range from 300
to 3300 m with sallow sill lies between small
islands of Nusa Penida and Lombok.
Physical and biological oceanography of
the area was investigated by several
expeditions. One of the big and complex
investigations was done during ITF project
from 1993 to 2006 related to the mixing and
water circulation in the Indonesian seas. The
aspects of physical oceanography relative to
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12th Biennial Conference of Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC 2014)
04 – 07 November 2014, Bali-Indonesia

the interpretation of satellite images are
briefly introduced as follows.

lower layer with a temperature of 16oC. There
is a thermocline or interface area between 50
and 150 m in depth, which is the decisive area
for internal wave existence. Of course, the
ocean water density is dependent not only the
temperature but also the salinity.
2.2.2 Surface Circulation

Figure 1. Map of the study area, with location of the sill
in the south of part of channel is marked. The
rectangular show the coverage area of the satellite
images used in this study. The star mark shows the
CTD location for the vertical structures used in this
study. The white and black dot shows the INSTANT
velocity observation and Lembar tide gauge station,
respectively.

2.2 General Circulation Features of the
Lombok trait
2.2.1 Vertical Structures
The vertical density structures of the upper
ocean are an important factor for dynamics of
internal waves. In order to determine the
representative values of the parameters, which
are used to describe such structures in the
study area, we consulted the historical field
measurement from nearest station. The
temperature and salinity data measured in the
upper 1500 m of depth for both of monsoons
(Southeast monsoon and Northwest monsoon)
by using Conductivity Temperature and Depth
(CTD) instrument. The data were collected on
a huge project by Arlindo Mixing Cruises in
1993 and 1994 (Arlindo Mixing Report, 1999)
are shown in Figure 2. Based on temperature
distribution, one can see that the upper ocean
can roughly be divided into two layers; the
upper layer with a temperature 29oC and the

The surface circulation in the study area is
subjected to the influence of the
AsianAustralian monsoon system that is
characterized by six month reversals in the
winds associated with the southeast and
northwest monsoon (Figure 3). The peak of
the southeast monsoon is in June-JulyAugust
while the northwest monsoon peak is in
December-January-February. Figure 3
shows the condition of the sea surface slope
during the southeast monsoon (September)
and northwest monsoon (January). The sign
and strength of the geostrophic current of the
North-South direction are directly linked to
the sea surface slope. For example, if the sea
surface slope at Lombok higher than Bali
(during southeast monsoon), then the flow is
to the south. The effect of monsoon on the
transport through the study area can be
clearly found on research done by Susanto et
al. (2007).
The monsoon signal of sea surface
circulation in the study area can be seen on
the velocity data from 3 year deployment of
in situ data during International Nusantara
Stratification and Transport (INSTANT)
program (Figure 4). INSTANT program is
carried out in the year of 2004 to 2006. The
aim of this program is to directly measure
the leakage of warm and fresh water from
the western equatorial Pacific into the South
Indian Ocean via the Indonesian passages
(Sprintall et al., 2009). One can see that, the
current through the strait particularly 50 m
depth is bi-directional and varies seasonally.

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12th Biennial Conference of Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC 2014)
04 – 07 November 2014, Bali-Indonesia

Figure 2. Observed data of temperature (black line)
and salinity (gray line) distribution in the o
o
Lombok Strait area (7.8 S, 115.6 E). The data
derived from Arlindo Mixing Project: CTD station
no 102 for southeast monsoon cruise (September,
1993) and CTD station no 105 Northwest Monsoon
Cruise (January, 1994).

dynamics of tides. The tides in the Indonesian
seas are largely produced by tidal wave
propagation from the Pacific and Indian Ocean
(Schiler et al., 2004; Karang et al., 2010). The
barotropic M2 (semi diurnal tide with a period
12.4 hours) and K1 (diurnal tide with period
24.8 hours) tidal currents are relatively strong
in Lombok Strait. The northern part of the
Lombok Strait has mixed tides that have a pre
dominantly diurnal cycle (Chong et al., 2000).
However, the tide at the sill region is
predominantly semi diurnal; tidal velocity
there can exceed 3.5 m/s (Murray and Arief,
1988; Murray et al., 1990).
Nonlinear interactions between the semi
diurnal and diurnal tidal components induce
a strong tide with a period close to 14 days
(Ffield and Gordon, 1996; Susanto et al.,
2000; Susanto et al., 2005).
2.3. Multi Sensor Techniques

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the water circulation within
the Lombok Strait during the southeast monsoon (left)
and northwest monsoon (right) (adapted from Susanto
et al., 2007).

Figure 4. Seasonal and interannual variability of the
velocity in the Lombok Strait area derived from
INSTANT program

2.2.3 Tides
Apart from the net current velocity, for the
local oceanography characteristics of great
decisive for the ocean circulation are the

During 1996-2011, a satellite monitoring of
the Lombok Strait area was conducted
annually during the months of January to
December. Over this period, images taken by
SAR and visible images on all passes of ALOS
PALSAR and SPOT satellites over the
Lombok Strait area were obtained and
processed. The basic satellites data for internal
wave survey are complemented by other
climatological data on the condition of the
water properties such as wind speed, vertical
temperature distribution, tides information,
and sea surface high anomaly. This allows us
to systematize the data and draw some
conclusions on dynamics processes in the
Lombok Strait area. Our approach to internal
wave dynamics study is based on the
following:
a. Satellite Data
Every SAR image from ALOS PALSAR
and visible images from SPOT satellite are
visually analyzed in order to detect dynamical
structures belonging classes of internal wave
manifestations. 322 internal wave images from
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12th Biennial Conference of Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC 2014)
04 – 07 November 2014, Bali-Indonesia

ALOS PALSAR and SPOT archived data
from 1996 to 2011 in the
Lombok Strait area (115.06o-116.32oE, 7.26o9.83oS) were used for this study. The PALSAR
images, covering a period of five years, from
May 2006 to April 2011, were collected by the
Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency
(JAXA,
https://auig.eoc.
jaxa.jp/auigs/top/TOP1000 lnit.do) and the
Japanese Earth Remote Sensing and Data
Acquisition Center (ERSDAC, http://www.
ersdac.or.jp). A total of 1013 scenes with
different Granule ID were examined, of which
673 images were obtained by the Fine Mode
and 340 images by the widerswath Scan SAR
mode. A total of 90 images taken on different
days with visible internal wave imagery were
collected.
Table 1. PALSAR Characteristic

Table 2. Information and Parameters Relative to the
SPOT data used in this study

image on different days was examined, and
232 images with visible internal wave
imagery were collected. Example's images
of internal wave signatures observed by SAR
and SPOT in the Lombok Strait area are
shown in the Figures 5 and 6. The parameters
relative to the ALOS PALSAR is shown in
Table 1. The information relative to the
SPOT images used in this study are listed in
the Table 2.
b. Climatological Data
• Near-surface Wind Speed (WS) is retrieved
using data observed by the Special Sensor
Microwave Imager (SSM/I) on the Defense
Meteorological Satellites Program (DMSP)
and Sea Winds on the Quick Scatterometer
(QuickSCAT) satellite are used (Wentz
1997, Dunbar et al., 2006).
• Sea Surface High Anomaly (SSHA) is
retrieved using data observed by the
topography experiment/poseidon (T/P) and
Jason are used. The information and
parameters relative to the WS and SSHA
data used in this study are listed in Table
3.
• Thermal stratification at the north and
south of the Lombok Strait is retrieved
using data output from the SODA
assimilation
model
(http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.du/SOURCES/.
CARTON-GIESE/.SODA/).
Table 3. Detail of WS and SSHA data [Swardika et al.,
2011]

Further data were derived from archives
of visible band SPOT browse through data
archived, from 1996 to 2011, maintained by
the Center for Remote Imaging, Sensing and
Processing.
(CRISP,
http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg) of the National
University of Singapore. A total 485 SPOT
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12th Biennial Conference of Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC 2014)
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c. Data Analysis of the Satellite Observed
Internal Waves Dependency on the
External Boundary Condition
The previous study (Mitnik et al, 2000;
Susanto et al., 2005; Jackson, 2007; Karang et
al., 2011) suggested that the mechanisms of
internal wave activity associate with changing
times and environmental conditions. In the
present study, a data analysis of the internal
wave occurrence and external boundary
condition was performed to determine the
relationship between internal wave parameter
and external boundary condition. Seasonal
internal wave occurrence and characteristic of
internal wave propagation that classified in
two types (Mathews et al., 2011);
circularinternal wave and irregular internal
wave are the main aspects of internal wave
distribution evaluated in this study. These
parameters can be monitored from the satellite
images using SAR and visible sensors. A
question arises how the dependency between
satelliteobserved internal wave parameter and
external boundary condition. To address this
question, we calculated the relationship
between internal wave occurrence with the
SSHA and WS by using Pearson Correlation.
The correlation coefficient (r) and significant
value (p