CODE-MIXING OF TRANS-GENDER LANGUAGE AMONG TRANS-GENDER INTO INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN MEDAN.
CODE-MIXING OF TRANS-GENDER LANGUAGE AMONG TRANSGENDER INTO INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN MEDAN
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
BAMBANG NUR ALAMSYAH LUBIS
Registration Number: 8126 112 005
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
CODE-MIXING OF TRANS-GENDER LANGUAGE AMONG TRANSGENDER INTO INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN MEDAN
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
BAMBANG NUR ALAMSYAH LUBIS
Registration Number: 8126 112 005
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
ABSTRACT
Lubis, Bambang Nur Alamsyah. Registration Number: 8126112005. CodeMixing of Trans-Gender Language among Trans-Gender into Indonesia
Language in Medan. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program.
State university of Medan. 2014.
This study deals to find out code-mixing of Trans-Gender language among TransGender into Indonesia language in Medan. The objectives of this research were to
find out: 1) the functions of code-mixing for Trans-Gender in Medan. 2) types of
insertion of code-mixing occur in Trans-Gender language into Indonesian
language in Medan. 3) the factors of Trans-Gender mix Trans-Gender language
into Indonesian language in communication with their own community in Medan.
The source of this research is Trans-Gender community in Medan especially in
Kelurahan Indra Kasih, Kecamatan Medan Tembung, Medan. The data of this
research are the utterances of Trans-Gender in Medan. The research design was
qualitative research design. The instruments of data collection used tape recorder
to interview and observe the subject, and camera is used to take photograph to
show real situation in conducting as part of field research method. The result
reveals that (1) The function of code-mixing in Trans-Gender language is
communication strategy, expression of community and personality and style, (2)
the occurrences of the code-mixing in the insertion of words, phrase, reduplication
and clause. It shows the most frequent insertion is word which is 131 times or
70%, then clause 29 times or 16%, then phrase 12 times or 10%, and the last is
reduplication 6 times or 3%, (3) The factors of Trans-Gender mix Trans-Gender
language into Indonesia language because speaker partner and situation. The
recommendation of this thesis, the next researchers are able to develop the aspect
of Trans-Gender language, such as find out the morphological system of TransGender language words.
iii
ABSTRAK
Lubis, Bambang Nur Alamsyah. Nomor Registrasi: 8126112005. Campur Kode
Bahasa Trans-Gender diantara Trans-Gender kedalam Bahasa Indonesia di
Medan. Tesis. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Universitas
Negeri Medan. 2014.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui campur kode bahasa Trans-Gender
antara Trans-Gender kedalam bahasa Indonesia di Medan. Tujuan dari penelitian
ini adalah untuk menemukan: 1) fungsi dari campur kode untuk Trans-Gender di
Medan. 2) Jenis-jenis sisipan campur kode yang muncul dalam bahasa TransGender kedalam bahsa Indonesia di Medan. 3) faktor-faktor Trans-Gender
mencampur bahasa Trans-Gender kedalam bahasa Indonesia dalam kimunikasi
dengan komunitas mereka sendiri di Medan. Sumber penelitian ini adalah
komunitas Trans-Gender di Medan, khususnya di Kelurahan Indra Kasih,
Kecamatan Medan Tembung, Medan. Data penelitian adalah ungkapan yang
diucapkan oleh Trans-Gender di Medan. Desain penelitian adalah penelitian
kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan perekam suara untuk
mewawancarai dan mengamati sabjek penelitian dan kamera digunakan untuk
mengambil foto untuk menunjukkan situasi nyata ini dilakukan sebagai bagian
dari metode penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) fungsi
dari campur kode dalam bahasa Trans-Gender adalah communication strategy,
expression of community and personality dan style, (2) kemunculan dari campur
kode sisipan words, phrase, reduplication, dan clause. Menunjukkan sisipan yang
paling sering muncul adalah word sebanyak 131 kali muncul atau 70%,
selanjutnya clause sebanyak 29 kali muncul atau 16%, kemudian phrase sebanyak
12 kali muncul atau 10% dan yang terakhir adalah reduplication sebanayk 6 kali
muncul atau 3%, (3) factor Trans-Gender mencampur bahasa Trans-Gender
kedalam bahasa Indonesia karena speaker partner dan situation. Rekomendasi dari
tesis ini, peneliti selanjutnya mampu mengembangkan aspek dari bahasa TransGender, seperti menemukan system morpologi dari kata-kata dalam bahasa TransGender.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to thank to God Allah the Al-mighty who
has given her blessing and merciful until he was able to finish writing this thesis.
In the process of writing this thesis, the writer has to confess that many
people have given him much help, advice and supports, a very special gratitude
would be addressed to some distinguished people as below:
First gratitude belongs to the first adviser of mine is Prof. Dr. Busmin
Gurning, M.Pd., the second is Dr. Zainuddin, M. Hum who advised him to
correct and gave some comments and suggestions.
Third gratitude, the writer likes to express his thanks to the head and
secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Prof. Dr. Busmin
Gurning, M.Pd and Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S. who also became his reviewers.
The director advice of postgraduate school of state university of Medan, and great
thanks also to the experienced lectures who taught and educated him along three
semesters.
Fourth, thanks are due to the three reviewers of his, namely: Prof. Amrin
Saragih, M.A, Ph.D., Dr. Siti Aisyah, M.Pd., and Dr. Rahmad Husain, M.Ed. who
provided him with the most useful critics and constructive suggestions.
Fifth, the writer likes to express his special thanks and appreciation to
Kelurah Indra Kasih, Medan Tembung, Medan. Also to all of Trans-Gender that
help him to complete this thesis.
i
Sixth gratitude belongs to his beloved mother Hj. Mastinah who always
supports him by giving motivation, suggestion and loves that never ending. His
loving brother: Citra Robbi Simamora for all spirits and suggestion.
Last thanks but not the least, the writer’s classmate LTBI B-1 especially:
Balqis Wandira, S.Pd., Irma Khoirat Daulay, S.S., Fandy Zulmi, S.Pd., Citra
Latiffani, S.Pd., Syafrina Panjaitan, S.Pd., Yulie Ayu Utari, S.Pd. for their sincere,
comfort, love and patience.
Medan,
May 2014
The researcher,
BAMBANG NUR ALAMSYAH LUBIS
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................i
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................iv
LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ....................................................................1
1.1 The Background of Study ......................................................1
1.2 The Problem of Study ............................................................3
1.3 The Objective of Study ..........................................................4
1.4 The Scope of study ................................................................4
1.5 The Significance of Study ......................................................4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................6
2.1 Trans-Gender Language .........................................................6
2.2 Language ................................................................................7
2.3 Trans-Gender ..........................................................................8
2.4 Code-mixing ...........................................................................15
2.4.1 Factor of Code-mixing ....................................................19
2.4.2 Function of Code-mixing .................................................20
2.4.3 Type of Code-mixing ......................................................21
2.5 Medan ....................................................................................23
2.5.1 Trans-Gender in Medan ...................................................23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..........................................25
3.1 Research Design ...................................................................25
iv
3.2 Data and Source of Data .......................................................26
3.3 Instrument of Data Collection ...............................................26
3.4 Procedure of Data Collection ................................................26
3.4.1 Interview .......................................................................27
3.4.2 Observation ...................................................................27
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ..................................................28
3.6. Trustworthiness of the Study ................................................29
CHAPTER IV DATA, DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIO .........32
4.1 Data ......................................................................................32
4.2 Data Analysis .......................................................................33
4.2.1 Function of Code-mixing .................................................33
4.2.2 Type of Insertion .............................................................34
4.2.2.1 Word Insertion ...........................................................35
4.2.2.2 Phrase Insertion ..........................................................35
4.2.2.3 Hybrid Clause Insertion ..............................................36
4.2.2.4 Reduplication Insertion ..............................................36
4.2.2.5 Idiom Insertion ...........................................................37
4.2.2.6 Clause Insertion ..........................................................37
4.2.3 Factor of Code-Mixing ....................................................39
4.3 Finding .................................................................................41
4.4 Discussion ............................................................................41
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..........................................43
5.1 Conclusion ...........................................................................43
v
5.2 Suggestion ............................................................................43
REFERENCE
APPENDIXES
vi
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 Function of Code-Mixing ...................................................................34
Table 4.2 Type of Insertion ...............................................................................37
Table 4.3 Factor of Code-Mixing ......................................................................40
vii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 Function of Code-Mixing ...................................................................34
Table 4.2 Type of Insertion ...............................................................................37
Table 4.3 Factor of Code-Mixing ......................................................................40
iv
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of Study
Language is human phenomena, because language is basic thing to
communicate one to other. Language also builds one culture in a specific areas, it
means that one area has their own language to interact each other as one society.
For instance, every area in Indonesia has its own language. Such as Jakarta uses
Betawi language, Surabaya uses Java language, Bandung uses Sunda language
and Medan also uses Batak Language. Beside of specific place has specific
language, specific group also builds their own language, such as “Anak Gaul” ,
they have language that understood by their own member, “Alayer” or oftentime
said as “Anak Alay” they also have specific language. Not only them, let us see in
around of our society, there is a special group that rises up with their own
language and only them that understan with their language. Many people do not
understand about their language because they make it as simple as possible for
them, and it is rather difficult for us to understand. The community is Transgender or in Indonesia language we called it as “Bencong”, “Banci” or “Bences”.
Solmonese and Keisling (2010: 25) explained that trans-gender ia an umbrella
term that applies to a broad range of people who experience and/or express their
gender differently from what most people expect. Trans-Gender language is
different from national language or regional language, because Trans-Gender
language is only understand by their own members. The language is unique and
1
2
this is a big phenomena in our society. Trans-Gender does not speak fully with
their language, but they mix the vocabulary to Indonesian language. They replace
Indonesian language words with Trans-Gender language words. For example:
“sudah gilingan mungkin pacarnya ” the translation of the sentences in Bahasa
Indonesia is “sudah gila mungkin pacarnya .” another example: “cocoknya
mataram saja dia.” the translation is “cocoknya mati saja dia”. From two of
example, we can see, Trans-Gender language word mixes into Indonesian
language. Gilingan word replace ‘gila’ and mataram word replace ‘mati’.
Beside that Trans-Gender language also one of the ways to interact among
Trans-Gender member, the interaction is talking about something that they do not
want someone or everyone to know what they talking about. They change
Indonesian language words into Trans-Gender language words. They mix the
words to make the communication different from other. They hide the real
meaning to make another people do not understand about the meaning of the
words. For instance, they mock people beside them but the subject does not
understand about the meaning what did they say. This is real phenomena in our
society and this is also real situation between normal society and Trans-Gender
society.
Some reasons why the reseacher decides to research this community. First,
the language of Trans-Gender is unique, and difficult to understand. And second,
Trans-Gender is one community that rise up every where, especially in Medan.
For example:
Trans-Gender 1
: liat mak pere disampingmu. (word insertion)
3
Jelong kali mukadimanya. (word insertion)
mawar muntah akike liatnya.(word insertion)
Trans-Gender 2
: ih…… betul mak.
Seperti ditabrak becak mukadimanya. (word insertion)
Akike fikir itu bukan pere. (word insertion)
Tapi seperti kanua, bences. (word insertion)
Trans-Gender 1
: hahaha….. Jahara kali kanua mak. (word insertion)
From above example, we can see the deviation of the language. The
language actually gives the meaning to the listener, but here the language itself
hides the meaning. So, people around of Trans-Gender do not know the meaning
of the language itself because they use special code that mix to the language that
actually only member of the community understand about it.
Medan is one of bigger cities in Indonesia. In this city, there are found
group of Trans-Gender that has their own language. And their language is difficult
to understand by another people that is not Trans-Gender group society. And the
language called as Bahasa Banci. This language is unique and difficult to take the
meaning from interaction among of them. That is the way Trans-Gender language
always became something interesting to be object research.
1.2 The Problems of Study
In relationship to the background of study, the problem are formulated as
follows:
1. What is the function of code-mixing for Trans-Gender in Medan?
4
2. How many types of insertion of code-mixing occur in Trans-Gender
language into Indonesian Language in Medan?
3. Why does Trans-Gender use Code-Mixing into Indonesian language in
communication with their own community in Medan?
1.3 The Objectives of Study
Based on background of study, the objectives are intended:
1. to describe the function of code-mixing for Trans-Gender in Medan.
2. to describe types of insertion of code-mixing occur in Trans-Gender
language into Indonesian Language in Medan?
3. to describe Trans-Gender use Code-Mixing into Indonesia language in
communication with their own community in Medan.
1.4 The Scope of Study
The scope of study is intended to discuss about the function of codemixing for Trans-Gender in Medan, types of code-mixing occur in Trans-Gender
language into Indonesian Language in Medan and factor Trans-Gender use CodeMixing into Indonesia language in communication with their own community in
Medan.
1.5 The Significance of Study
The findings of this research are expected to be useful for relevant and
valuable inputs that can enrich the study on the development of sociolinguistics. It
5
is expected that the finding can show significant relevancy to the theoretical and
practical aspects.
Theoretically, the research findings can provide a basis for a further
research on different stages of the sociolinguistics, especially in language for
specific community. Practically, this research can be guidelines for every students
of University who are interested in sociolinguistics. It will be very useful for
references in assisting or facilitating them to more understanding about language
for specific community.
The findings of this research also will be expected to give answer to some
of the embitterment of society about Trans-Gender itself and their language. Whle
for the future researcher, this research will be useful for them as guidelines in
conducting more in-depth studies.
43
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusions
Based on the analysis of the data, there are some important points are
concluded, as the following:
1.
The function of code-mixing in Trans-Gender language in Medan is
communication strategy, expression of community and personality and style.
Identity marketing and clarification are not found in the data.
2.
The type insertion of code-mixing for Trans-Gender language in Medan is
four from six type insertions. They are word, phrase, reduplication and clause
insertion. Hybrid clause and idiom insertions are not occur in the data.
3.
The factors of Trans-Gender in Medan mix the language because speaker
partner and situation. The other factors, such as bilingual or multilingual
prestige, absence of vocabulary and quoting are not found in Trans-Gender
language in Medan.
5.2 Suggestions
In accordance with this research, some important suggestions are required
as the following:
1.
Since the study was conducted in 60 days, the longitudinal research dealing
with code-mixing used in Trans-Gender language is significantly conducted.
43
44
2.
Code-mixing is sociolinguistics phenomenon. Which is naturally occur in
every communication. Speakers should not frequently used code-mixing to
avoid misunderstanding in communication.
3.
Sociolinguistics is a really large aspect, find out new phenomena to add
sociolinguistics aspect and rise up newest finding.
REFERENCES
Beemyn, Brett Genny. 2006. Transgender Resource Guide. Ohio: Ohio State
University
Boellstroff, T. 2004. Authentic, of Course!: Gay Language in Indonesia and
Culture Belonging. In Leap, W.L and Boellostroff, T. (eds.), Speaking in
Queer Tongues. Globalization and Gay Language, pp. 288Chicago:
University of Illinois Press
Bogdan, Robert C. And Sari Knopp Biklen. 1992. Qualitative Research for
Education. USA: Allyn and Bacon
Brown, H. Douglas. 2004. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. San
Fransisco: Longman
Chaer, Abdul and Leonie Agustina. 2004. Sosiolinguistik: Perkenalan Awal.
Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
Currah, Paisley and Shannon Minter. 1999. Transgender Equality a Handbook for
Activists and Policymakers. New York: NGLTF
Fernandez, Eva M. and Helen Smith Cairms. 2010. Fundamental of
Psycholinguistics. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell
Linconl, Yvonna S. and Egon G. Guba. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. California:
Sage
Miles, Matthew B. and A. Michael Huberman. 1984. Qualitative Data Analysis: A
Source Book of New Methods. Beverly Hills, California: Sage
Nababan, P. W. J. 1993. Sociolinguistics: ‘Sebuah Pengantar’. Jakarta: Gramedia
Pustaka
Rotch, Amy, James Morton and Graham Richie. 2010. Out of Sight, Out of Mind?
Transgender People’s Experiences of Domestic Abuse. Scotland: LGBT
Youth Scotland
Salmonese, Joe and Mara Keisling. 2010. Coming Out as Transgender. USA:
Right Campaign
Suwito. 1984. Sosiolinguistik Pengantar Awal. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas
Maret
Trudgill, P. and Fishman, W. 1968. Sociolinguistics:An introduction to language
and society. New York: Penguin Book
Wardhaugh, R. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics(5th). United Kingdom:
Blackwell
Wardhaugh, R. 1986. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Mouton
Whittle, Stephen, Leuis Turner and Maryam Al-Alami. 2007. Engendered
Penalties: Transgender and Transsexual people’s Experiences of
Inequality and Discrimination. London: Manchester Metropolitan
University
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
BAMBANG NUR ALAMSYAH LUBIS
Registration Number: 8126 112 005
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
CODE-MIXING OF TRANS-GENDER LANGUAGE AMONG TRANSGENDER INTO INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN MEDAN
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
BAMBANG NUR ALAMSYAH LUBIS
Registration Number: 8126 112 005
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2014
ABSTRACT
Lubis, Bambang Nur Alamsyah. Registration Number: 8126112005. CodeMixing of Trans-Gender Language among Trans-Gender into Indonesia
Language in Medan. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program.
State university of Medan. 2014.
This study deals to find out code-mixing of Trans-Gender language among TransGender into Indonesia language in Medan. The objectives of this research were to
find out: 1) the functions of code-mixing for Trans-Gender in Medan. 2) types of
insertion of code-mixing occur in Trans-Gender language into Indonesian
language in Medan. 3) the factors of Trans-Gender mix Trans-Gender language
into Indonesian language in communication with their own community in Medan.
The source of this research is Trans-Gender community in Medan especially in
Kelurahan Indra Kasih, Kecamatan Medan Tembung, Medan. The data of this
research are the utterances of Trans-Gender in Medan. The research design was
qualitative research design. The instruments of data collection used tape recorder
to interview and observe the subject, and camera is used to take photograph to
show real situation in conducting as part of field research method. The result
reveals that (1) The function of code-mixing in Trans-Gender language is
communication strategy, expression of community and personality and style, (2)
the occurrences of the code-mixing in the insertion of words, phrase, reduplication
and clause. It shows the most frequent insertion is word which is 131 times or
70%, then clause 29 times or 16%, then phrase 12 times or 10%, and the last is
reduplication 6 times or 3%, (3) The factors of Trans-Gender mix Trans-Gender
language into Indonesia language because speaker partner and situation. The
recommendation of this thesis, the next researchers are able to develop the aspect
of Trans-Gender language, such as find out the morphological system of TransGender language words.
iii
ABSTRAK
Lubis, Bambang Nur Alamsyah. Nomor Registrasi: 8126112005. Campur Kode
Bahasa Trans-Gender diantara Trans-Gender kedalam Bahasa Indonesia di
Medan. Tesis. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Universitas
Negeri Medan. 2014.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui campur kode bahasa Trans-Gender
antara Trans-Gender kedalam bahasa Indonesia di Medan. Tujuan dari penelitian
ini adalah untuk menemukan: 1) fungsi dari campur kode untuk Trans-Gender di
Medan. 2) Jenis-jenis sisipan campur kode yang muncul dalam bahasa TransGender kedalam bahsa Indonesia di Medan. 3) faktor-faktor Trans-Gender
mencampur bahasa Trans-Gender kedalam bahasa Indonesia dalam kimunikasi
dengan komunitas mereka sendiri di Medan. Sumber penelitian ini adalah
komunitas Trans-Gender di Medan, khususnya di Kelurahan Indra Kasih,
Kecamatan Medan Tembung, Medan. Data penelitian adalah ungkapan yang
diucapkan oleh Trans-Gender di Medan. Desain penelitian adalah penelitian
kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan perekam suara untuk
mewawancarai dan mengamati sabjek penelitian dan kamera digunakan untuk
mengambil foto untuk menunjukkan situasi nyata ini dilakukan sebagai bagian
dari metode penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) fungsi
dari campur kode dalam bahasa Trans-Gender adalah communication strategy,
expression of community and personality dan style, (2) kemunculan dari campur
kode sisipan words, phrase, reduplication, dan clause. Menunjukkan sisipan yang
paling sering muncul adalah word sebanyak 131 kali muncul atau 70%,
selanjutnya clause sebanyak 29 kali muncul atau 16%, kemudian phrase sebanyak
12 kali muncul atau 10% dan yang terakhir adalah reduplication sebanayk 6 kali
muncul atau 3%, (3) factor Trans-Gender mencampur bahasa Trans-Gender
kedalam bahasa Indonesia karena speaker partner dan situation. Rekomendasi dari
tesis ini, peneliti selanjutnya mampu mengembangkan aspek dari bahasa TransGender, seperti menemukan system morpologi dari kata-kata dalam bahasa TransGender.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to thank to God Allah the Al-mighty who
has given her blessing and merciful until he was able to finish writing this thesis.
In the process of writing this thesis, the writer has to confess that many
people have given him much help, advice and supports, a very special gratitude
would be addressed to some distinguished people as below:
First gratitude belongs to the first adviser of mine is Prof. Dr. Busmin
Gurning, M.Pd., the second is Dr. Zainuddin, M. Hum who advised him to
correct and gave some comments and suggestions.
Third gratitude, the writer likes to express his thanks to the head and
secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Prof. Dr. Busmin
Gurning, M.Pd and Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S. who also became his reviewers.
The director advice of postgraduate school of state university of Medan, and great
thanks also to the experienced lectures who taught and educated him along three
semesters.
Fourth, thanks are due to the three reviewers of his, namely: Prof. Amrin
Saragih, M.A, Ph.D., Dr. Siti Aisyah, M.Pd., and Dr. Rahmad Husain, M.Ed. who
provided him with the most useful critics and constructive suggestions.
Fifth, the writer likes to express his special thanks and appreciation to
Kelurah Indra Kasih, Medan Tembung, Medan. Also to all of Trans-Gender that
help him to complete this thesis.
i
Sixth gratitude belongs to his beloved mother Hj. Mastinah who always
supports him by giving motivation, suggestion and loves that never ending. His
loving brother: Citra Robbi Simamora for all spirits and suggestion.
Last thanks but not the least, the writer’s classmate LTBI B-1 especially:
Balqis Wandira, S.Pd., Irma Khoirat Daulay, S.S., Fandy Zulmi, S.Pd., Citra
Latiffani, S.Pd., Syafrina Panjaitan, S.Pd., Yulie Ayu Utari, S.Pd. for their sincere,
comfort, love and patience.
Medan,
May 2014
The researcher,
BAMBANG NUR ALAMSYAH LUBIS
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................i
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................iv
LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ....................................................................1
1.1 The Background of Study ......................................................1
1.2 The Problem of Study ............................................................3
1.3 The Objective of Study ..........................................................4
1.4 The Scope of study ................................................................4
1.5 The Significance of Study ......................................................4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................6
2.1 Trans-Gender Language .........................................................6
2.2 Language ................................................................................7
2.3 Trans-Gender ..........................................................................8
2.4 Code-mixing ...........................................................................15
2.4.1 Factor of Code-mixing ....................................................19
2.4.2 Function of Code-mixing .................................................20
2.4.3 Type of Code-mixing ......................................................21
2.5 Medan ....................................................................................23
2.5.1 Trans-Gender in Medan ...................................................23
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..........................................25
3.1 Research Design ...................................................................25
iv
3.2 Data and Source of Data .......................................................26
3.3 Instrument of Data Collection ...............................................26
3.4 Procedure of Data Collection ................................................26
3.4.1 Interview .......................................................................27
3.4.2 Observation ...................................................................27
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ..................................................28
3.6. Trustworthiness of the Study ................................................29
CHAPTER IV DATA, DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIO .........32
4.1 Data ......................................................................................32
4.2 Data Analysis .......................................................................33
4.2.1 Function of Code-mixing .................................................33
4.2.2 Type of Insertion .............................................................34
4.2.2.1 Word Insertion ...........................................................35
4.2.2.2 Phrase Insertion ..........................................................35
4.2.2.3 Hybrid Clause Insertion ..............................................36
4.2.2.4 Reduplication Insertion ..............................................36
4.2.2.5 Idiom Insertion ...........................................................37
4.2.2.6 Clause Insertion ..........................................................37
4.2.3 Factor of Code-Mixing ....................................................39
4.3 Finding .................................................................................41
4.4 Discussion ............................................................................41
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..........................................43
5.1 Conclusion ...........................................................................43
v
5.2 Suggestion ............................................................................43
REFERENCE
APPENDIXES
vi
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 Function of Code-Mixing ...................................................................34
Table 4.2 Type of Insertion ...............................................................................37
Table 4.3 Factor of Code-Mixing ......................................................................40
vii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 Function of Code-Mixing ...................................................................34
Table 4.2 Type of Insertion ...............................................................................37
Table 4.3 Factor of Code-Mixing ......................................................................40
iv
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of Study
Language is human phenomena, because language is basic thing to
communicate one to other. Language also builds one culture in a specific areas, it
means that one area has their own language to interact each other as one society.
For instance, every area in Indonesia has its own language. Such as Jakarta uses
Betawi language, Surabaya uses Java language, Bandung uses Sunda language
and Medan also uses Batak Language. Beside of specific place has specific
language, specific group also builds their own language, such as “Anak Gaul” ,
they have language that understood by their own member, “Alayer” or oftentime
said as “Anak Alay” they also have specific language. Not only them, let us see in
around of our society, there is a special group that rises up with their own
language and only them that understan with their language. Many people do not
understand about their language because they make it as simple as possible for
them, and it is rather difficult for us to understand. The community is Transgender or in Indonesia language we called it as “Bencong”, “Banci” or “Bences”.
Solmonese and Keisling (2010: 25) explained that trans-gender ia an umbrella
term that applies to a broad range of people who experience and/or express their
gender differently from what most people expect. Trans-Gender language is
different from national language or regional language, because Trans-Gender
language is only understand by their own members. The language is unique and
1
2
this is a big phenomena in our society. Trans-Gender does not speak fully with
their language, but they mix the vocabulary to Indonesian language. They replace
Indonesian language words with Trans-Gender language words. For example:
“sudah gilingan mungkin pacarnya ” the translation of the sentences in Bahasa
Indonesia is “sudah gila mungkin pacarnya .” another example: “cocoknya
mataram saja dia.” the translation is “cocoknya mati saja dia”. From two of
example, we can see, Trans-Gender language word mixes into Indonesian
language. Gilingan word replace ‘gila’ and mataram word replace ‘mati’.
Beside that Trans-Gender language also one of the ways to interact among
Trans-Gender member, the interaction is talking about something that they do not
want someone or everyone to know what they talking about. They change
Indonesian language words into Trans-Gender language words. They mix the
words to make the communication different from other. They hide the real
meaning to make another people do not understand about the meaning of the
words. For instance, they mock people beside them but the subject does not
understand about the meaning what did they say. This is real phenomena in our
society and this is also real situation between normal society and Trans-Gender
society.
Some reasons why the reseacher decides to research this community. First,
the language of Trans-Gender is unique, and difficult to understand. And second,
Trans-Gender is one community that rise up every where, especially in Medan.
For example:
Trans-Gender 1
: liat mak pere disampingmu. (word insertion)
3
Jelong kali mukadimanya. (word insertion)
mawar muntah akike liatnya.(word insertion)
Trans-Gender 2
: ih…… betul mak.
Seperti ditabrak becak mukadimanya. (word insertion)
Akike fikir itu bukan pere. (word insertion)
Tapi seperti kanua, bences. (word insertion)
Trans-Gender 1
: hahaha….. Jahara kali kanua mak. (word insertion)
From above example, we can see the deviation of the language. The
language actually gives the meaning to the listener, but here the language itself
hides the meaning. So, people around of Trans-Gender do not know the meaning
of the language itself because they use special code that mix to the language that
actually only member of the community understand about it.
Medan is one of bigger cities in Indonesia. In this city, there are found
group of Trans-Gender that has their own language. And their language is difficult
to understand by another people that is not Trans-Gender group society. And the
language called as Bahasa Banci. This language is unique and difficult to take the
meaning from interaction among of them. That is the way Trans-Gender language
always became something interesting to be object research.
1.2 The Problems of Study
In relationship to the background of study, the problem are formulated as
follows:
1. What is the function of code-mixing for Trans-Gender in Medan?
4
2. How many types of insertion of code-mixing occur in Trans-Gender
language into Indonesian Language in Medan?
3. Why does Trans-Gender use Code-Mixing into Indonesian language in
communication with their own community in Medan?
1.3 The Objectives of Study
Based on background of study, the objectives are intended:
1. to describe the function of code-mixing for Trans-Gender in Medan.
2. to describe types of insertion of code-mixing occur in Trans-Gender
language into Indonesian Language in Medan?
3. to describe Trans-Gender use Code-Mixing into Indonesia language in
communication with their own community in Medan.
1.4 The Scope of Study
The scope of study is intended to discuss about the function of codemixing for Trans-Gender in Medan, types of code-mixing occur in Trans-Gender
language into Indonesian Language in Medan and factor Trans-Gender use CodeMixing into Indonesia language in communication with their own community in
Medan.
1.5 The Significance of Study
The findings of this research are expected to be useful for relevant and
valuable inputs that can enrich the study on the development of sociolinguistics. It
5
is expected that the finding can show significant relevancy to the theoretical and
practical aspects.
Theoretically, the research findings can provide a basis for a further
research on different stages of the sociolinguistics, especially in language for
specific community. Practically, this research can be guidelines for every students
of University who are interested in sociolinguistics. It will be very useful for
references in assisting or facilitating them to more understanding about language
for specific community.
The findings of this research also will be expected to give answer to some
of the embitterment of society about Trans-Gender itself and their language. Whle
for the future researcher, this research will be useful for them as guidelines in
conducting more in-depth studies.
43
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusions
Based on the analysis of the data, there are some important points are
concluded, as the following:
1.
The function of code-mixing in Trans-Gender language in Medan is
communication strategy, expression of community and personality and style.
Identity marketing and clarification are not found in the data.
2.
The type insertion of code-mixing for Trans-Gender language in Medan is
four from six type insertions. They are word, phrase, reduplication and clause
insertion. Hybrid clause and idiom insertions are not occur in the data.
3.
The factors of Trans-Gender in Medan mix the language because speaker
partner and situation. The other factors, such as bilingual or multilingual
prestige, absence of vocabulary and quoting are not found in Trans-Gender
language in Medan.
5.2 Suggestions
In accordance with this research, some important suggestions are required
as the following:
1.
Since the study was conducted in 60 days, the longitudinal research dealing
with code-mixing used in Trans-Gender language is significantly conducted.
43
44
2.
Code-mixing is sociolinguistics phenomenon. Which is naturally occur in
every communication. Speakers should not frequently used code-mixing to
avoid misunderstanding in communication.
3.
Sociolinguistics is a really large aspect, find out new phenomena to add
sociolinguistics aspect and rise up newest finding.
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