6ISI 3 The screening of petroleum797608213
Proceeding of
an lnternational
Seminar-Workshop on Inteyoted l-owlond Development Artld ldarngement 2O1O
Palembang March 18 - 20,2A1O
i*
.il
THE SCREENING OF PETROLEUiT HYDROCARBONS DEGRADING BACTERIA
AS A BIORET EDIATIHG AGENTS FROi't MANGROVE AREAS
1
Hary \Vidjajantil, tswandi Anas2, Nuni Gofart, Itloh.Rasyid Ridho3
Student af Dcr;tarat Program at the Agricultural Scrence of the Graduate Program
zBogoror,,*f{":l,Yii#!,i!t*ft#tayauniversity
ffi
ffi
The screening
of the
ABSTRACT
petroteum hydrocarbons degrading bacteria as
a
fi
s
bioremediating agent from rnangrove areas of Sungsang in Banyuasin Regency of
South Sumatra has been carried out. The aims of this research is to obtain the
a
taken from the mangrove area which is pottuted by petroteum and the area which is
not pottuted by petroleum. The screening is carried out through the stages of
isolation, first selection , second setection, characterization and identification. The
isolation is carried out by using the Bushnell Hass llinera{ Saft (BHlvlSl medium. The
first setection is done by using Zobett sotid medium to obtain the bacteria which can
tive in the environment which contains petroleum. The second setection is carried
out to obtain the bacteria which can use petroteum as a sote the carbon source. The
characterization covers the morphotogy of the colony, the morphotogy of the cet[,
and biochemical testing. From the mangrove area of Sungsang t6 species of bacteria
are capabte of degrading the petroleum hydrocarbons. Those six teen species are
Alcaligenes eutropus, Baciltus cereus, Bacitlus firmus, Eacillus licheniformis, Bacillus
Wfy yxa, Enterobacter agglomerens, Flavobacterium thatpophilum, Pseudomonas
alcaligenes, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas
diminuta, Pseudamonos mendocina, Pseudomonas pseudaalcaligenes, Pseudomonas
pseudomaltei, Pseudomonas saccharophfla, and Pseudamonas syringae.
It
frt
ff
i#
i$,
rt'
it
It
it'
petroteum hydrocarbons degrading bacteria which can be turned into a
bioremediating agent for the petroteum-pottuted environment. The samples are
Keywords: screening, isolation, selection, characterization, petroleum
hydrocarbon degrading bacteria
INTRODUCTION
The mangrove area has muttipte benefits viewed from the aspects of sociateconomy and ecotogy, among others, it has physicat fuction to protect beaches and
river banks from erosion; biotogical function as a nursery ground and spawning
grounds for fish, shrimp and lobster, and other aquatic organism; economic function
to be made as a ptace for fish embankment, wood producing region, and as a place
for recreation.
The width of mangrove forest in lndonesia is decreasing from time to time. ln
1980 lndonesia stilt had the largest mangrove forest in the wortd with 4.13 mitlion
hectares of mangrove forest, but in 1990 the width of mangrove forest in lndonesia
decreased about 60?6 to become 2.5 mittion hectares. The decrease of mangrove
forest was caused by various factors, among others are land convertion for industry,
housing, and transportation (Noor, 19941. ln addition to decreasing quantitatively in
width, lndonesian mangrove forest also decreases qualitatively in terms of
environmental quatity due to the pottution. This atso happens to the mangrove areas
in South Sumatra especiatty the areas of Tanjung Api-api, Sungsang and Upang. The
three areas are the areas of River Basin of Musi River and that of Dawas which are
Widjajanti,
Anas, Gofor, and Ridho- The kreening of ...-....'.-.-...-..
c7-1
Proceeding af
on lftternatianal
Seminar-Warkshop on lntegrated Lawland Oeveiopment And *lsnagement
Patembcng tiarc* 18 - 24,
rnade into the primary shippi*g route of petroleum transportation'f,cm the oil
of Sekayu (MUBA Regency) and the oit fietd of Patembang. Petroleum paltution frl
this area can be caused by oit spills and scattered oil during the activities of dril.tirg,
production, refinery and transportation, oozing from the oil reservoir; the activitb
of loading and untoading at the harbor; and tanker's/ship's waste {Ridho et aI-,
2005). Sungsang region is a region of rnangrove ecosystem with the worst degree d
destruction. This is mainty due to the fact that this region is the busiest route of sea
transportation especially the transportation of ships supptying the oit tankers {Ridho
et at.,2006).
Bioremediation is management which reties on degradation by utitizirg
degrader microorganfsm af hydrocarbons which is an environmentatty friendty,
effective, efficient, economicat, and acceptabte wa!, to the environmert
{Mangkoedihardjo, 2005 Bioremediation is the development of the fiel.d of
biotecnology of environment and is petroteum yraste processing by rneans of
degradation by microorganism which results in an end resutt which is a stabte arxC
non-toxic compound {Zam, 2006}.
The existence of hydrocarbons degrading microorganism (bacteria, fungi, arxC
yeast) is widety spread in nature. Bacterial group is a bioremediation agent which is
more commonly used in comparison with the other bioremediation agen8 because
bacteria have faster reproduction rate (Koswara, 2003). Desai and Vyas {2006}
reported that the bacterial groups which were capabte of degrading hydrocarbons
were Arthrabacter sp., Acinetofucter sp., Pseudomoncs sp., Rhodacoccus sp.,
Bacillus sp., Vibria sp., Nocardia sp., ConJnebecterium sP., A{caliEenes, and
llycobacterium. Whereas the resutt of the isotation of Souza et.al., (20t)6) showed
that the bacteria which were capable of degrading petroteum hydrocarbons from
mangrove areas were from the genus Bacillus, Pseudomoncs, and Acinetobacter.
The bacteria which are capabte of degrading hydrocarbons from petroleum
processing are obtained by means of isotating them from petroteum waste which
contains hydrocarbons or an ecosystem receiving hydrocarbon waste whose spread is
very wide especiatty in a petroteum-pollr.Ited environment {Atlas & Bartha, 1998). ln
the waters which is not petroteum-pottuted, the poputation of microbes which are
potentiatly capabte of degrading petroleum is onty about 1 %, but in the waters which
is pottuted by petroteurn the population of microbes witt increase to become 10 % of
the tota[ poputation of heterotrophic rnicroorganisms (Venosa et a!-,1992].
The mangrove region is considered as a life-supporting region which has
economic and ecological function, therefore it is necessary to make an effort to
protect the mangrcve region, such as specified in the lndonesian Act No. 5 of the
year 1990 which states that mangrove is inctuded as a life-supporting region which
has economic and ecological function, therefore the preservation of mangrove
forests shoutd be taken care of both which regards the width and the quatity. As an
effort to recover the quatity of mangrove forests from the existing poltution, it is
necessary to appty the bioremediation technology which utitizes indigenous degrader
bacteria for petroleum hydrocarbons. As an initiat step for apptying the
bioremediation technology, the screening of the bacteria which are capabte of
degrading hydrocarbons originating from the mangrove region which is pottuted by
petroleum is carried out.
The airns of this research is to obtain the species of petroleum hydrocarbons
degrading bacteria which are indigeneous to the mangrove region as a bioremediating
agent for the mangrove region which is pottuted by petroteum hydrocarbons.
WiCiaia*ti, A*as, Gafar, snd Ridho. The Screening of
.-.-.--."--.---.--.
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an lnternational
Seminar-Workshop on Inteyoted l-owlond Development Artld ldarngement 2O1O
Palembang March 18 - 20,2A1O
i*
.il
THE SCREENING OF PETROLEUiT HYDROCARBONS DEGRADING BACTERIA
AS A BIORET EDIATIHG AGENTS FROi't MANGROVE AREAS
1
Hary \Vidjajantil, tswandi Anas2, Nuni Gofart, Itloh.Rasyid Ridho3
Student af Dcr;tarat Program at the Agricultural Scrence of the Graduate Program
zBogoror,,*f{":l,Yii#!,i!t*ft#tayauniversity
ffi
ffi
The screening
of the
ABSTRACT
petroteum hydrocarbons degrading bacteria as
a
fi
s
bioremediating agent from rnangrove areas of Sungsang in Banyuasin Regency of
South Sumatra has been carried out. The aims of this research is to obtain the
a
taken from the mangrove area which is pottuted by petroteum and the area which is
not pottuted by petroleum. The screening is carried out through the stages of
isolation, first selection , second setection, characterization and identification. The
isolation is carried out by using the Bushnell Hass llinera{ Saft (BHlvlSl medium. The
first setection is done by using Zobett sotid medium to obtain the bacteria which can
tive in the environment which contains petroleum. The second setection is carried
out to obtain the bacteria which can use petroteum as a sote the carbon source. The
characterization covers the morphotogy of the colony, the morphotogy of the cet[,
and biochemical testing. From the mangrove area of Sungsang t6 species of bacteria
are capabte of degrading the petroleum hydrocarbons. Those six teen species are
Alcaligenes eutropus, Baciltus cereus, Bacitlus firmus, Eacillus licheniformis, Bacillus
Wfy yxa, Enterobacter agglomerens, Flavobacterium thatpophilum, Pseudomonas
alcaligenes, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas
diminuta, Pseudamonos mendocina, Pseudomonas pseudaalcaligenes, Pseudomonas
pseudomaltei, Pseudomonas saccharophfla, and Pseudamonas syringae.
It
frt
ff
i#
i$,
rt'
it
It
it'
petroteum hydrocarbons degrading bacteria which can be turned into a
bioremediating agent for the petroteum-pottuted environment. The samples are
Keywords: screening, isolation, selection, characterization, petroleum
hydrocarbon degrading bacteria
INTRODUCTION
The mangrove area has muttipte benefits viewed from the aspects of sociateconomy and ecotogy, among others, it has physicat fuction to protect beaches and
river banks from erosion; biotogical function as a nursery ground and spawning
grounds for fish, shrimp and lobster, and other aquatic organism; economic function
to be made as a ptace for fish embankment, wood producing region, and as a place
for recreation.
The width of mangrove forest in lndonesia is decreasing from time to time. ln
1980 lndonesia stilt had the largest mangrove forest in the wortd with 4.13 mitlion
hectares of mangrove forest, but in 1990 the width of mangrove forest in lndonesia
decreased about 60?6 to become 2.5 mittion hectares. The decrease of mangrove
forest was caused by various factors, among others are land convertion for industry,
housing, and transportation (Noor, 19941. ln addition to decreasing quantitatively in
width, lndonesian mangrove forest also decreases qualitatively in terms of
environmental quatity due to the pottution. This atso happens to the mangrove areas
in South Sumatra especiatty the areas of Tanjung Api-api, Sungsang and Upang. The
three areas are the areas of River Basin of Musi River and that of Dawas which are
Widjajanti,
Anas, Gofor, and Ridho- The kreening of ...-....'.-.-...-..
c7-1
Proceeding af
on lftternatianal
Seminar-Warkshop on lntegrated Lawland Oeveiopment And *lsnagement
Patembcng tiarc* 18 - 24,
rnade into the primary shippi*g route of petroleum transportation'f,cm the oil
of Sekayu (MUBA Regency) and the oit fietd of Patembang. Petroleum paltution frl
this area can be caused by oit spills and scattered oil during the activities of dril.tirg,
production, refinery and transportation, oozing from the oil reservoir; the activitb
of loading and untoading at the harbor; and tanker's/ship's waste {Ridho et aI-,
2005). Sungsang region is a region of rnangrove ecosystem with the worst degree d
destruction. This is mainty due to the fact that this region is the busiest route of sea
transportation especially the transportation of ships supptying the oit tankers {Ridho
et at.,2006).
Bioremediation is management which reties on degradation by utitizirg
degrader microorganfsm af hydrocarbons which is an environmentatty friendty,
effective, efficient, economicat, and acceptabte wa!, to the environmert
{Mangkoedihardjo, 2005 Bioremediation is the development of the fiel.d of
biotecnology of environment and is petroteum yraste processing by rneans of
degradation by microorganism which results in an end resutt which is a stabte arxC
non-toxic compound {Zam, 2006}.
The existence of hydrocarbons degrading microorganism (bacteria, fungi, arxC
yeast) is widety spread in nature. Bacterial group is a bioremediation agent which is
more commonly used in comparison with the other bioremediation agen8 because
bacteria have faster reproduction rate (Koswara, 2003). Desai and Vyas {2006}
reported that the bacterial groups which were capabte of degrading hydrocarbons
were Arthrabacter sp., Acinetofucter sp., Pseudomoncs sp., Rhodacoccus sp.,
Bacillus sp., Vibria sp., Nocardia sp., ConJnebecterium sP., A{caliEenes, and
llycobacterium. Whereas the resutt of the isotation of Souza et.al., (20t)6) showed
that the bacteria which were capable of degrading petroteum hydrocarbons from
mangrove areas were from the genus Bacillus, Pseudomoncs, and Acinetobacter.
The bacteria which are capabte of degrading hydrocarbons from petroleum
processing are obtained by means of isotating them from petroteum waste which
contains hydrocarbons or an ecosystem receiving hydrocarbon waste whose spread is
very wide especiatty in a petroteum-pollr.Ited environment {Atlas & Bartha, 1998). ln
the waters which is not petroteum-pottuted, the poputation of microbes which are
potentiatly capabte of degrading petroleum is onty about 1 %, but in the waters which
is pottuted by petroteurn the population of microbes witt increase to become 10 % of
the tota[ poputation of heterotrophic rnicroorganisms (Venosa et a!-,1992].
The mangrove region is considered as a life-supporting region which has
economic and ecological function, therefore it is necessary to make an effort to
protect the mangrcve region, such as specified in the lndonesian Act No. 5 of the
year 1990 which states that mangrove is inctuded as a life-supporting region which
has economic and ecological function, therefore the preservation of mangrove
forests shoutd be taken care of both which regards the width and the quatity. As an
effort to recover the quatity of mangrove forests from the existing poltution, it is
necessary to appty the bioremediation technology which utitizes indigenous degrader
bacteria for petroleum hydrocarbons. As an initiat step for apptying the
bioremediation technology, the screening of the bacteria which are capabte of
degrading hydrocarbons originating from the mangrove region which is pottuted by
petroleum is carried out.
The airns of this research is to obtain the species of petroleum hydrocarbons
degrading bacteria which are indigeneous to the mangrove region as a bioremediating
agent for the mangrove region which is pottuted by petroteum hydrocarbons.
WiCiaia*ti, A*as, Gafar, snd Ridho. The Screening of
.-.-.--."--.---.--.
c7-2
Proceeding af
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Lawrand Deveropnent
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