PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BERAS PRATANAK TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS Repository - UNAIR REPOSITORY

SKRIPSI PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BERAS PRATANAK TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS PENELITIAN

  Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Keperawatan (S.Kep) Pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Airlangga Oleh: ROSANNA AGUSTINE NIM. 1311123054 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA 2015

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH

  Puji syukur saya panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT karena atas segala rahmat dan ka runiaNya p enyusunan s kripsi i ni da pat t erselesaikan. S kripsi i ni di susun untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana keperawatan (S.Kep) pada p rogram s tudi P endidikan N ers F akultas K eperawatan U niversitas Airlangga S urabaya t ahun 2015 de ngan j udul ” PENGARUH PEMBERIAN

  BERAS PRATANAK TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS”.

  Penyusunan Skripsi ini tidak mungkin terwujud tanpa bantuan bimbingan dan dor ongan da ri b erbagia pi hak, unt uk i tu p erkenankan s aya m engucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada:

  1. Seluruh r esponden d alam pe nelitian i ni yang t elah ba nyak m embantu sehingga penelitian dapat terlaksana

  2. Ibu P urwaningsih, S .Kep, M .Kep s elaku D ekan F akultas K eperawatan Universitas A irlangga yang t elah m emberikan kesempatan d an fasilitas kepada ka mi unt uk m engikuti da n m enyelesaikan pe ndidikan P rogram Studi Ilmu Keperawatan

  3. Ibu Mira T riharini, S .Kp.,M.Kep selaku W akil D ekan I F akultas Keperawatan Universitas A irlangga yang t elah memberikan k esempatan dan fasilitas kepada kami untuk mengikuti dan menyelesaikan pendidikan Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan

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  6. Ibu Ira S uarilah. S .Kp.,M.Sc selaku p enguji y ang t elah m eMberikan masukan dan arahan untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini

  7. Dosen F akultas K eperawatan U niversitas A irlangga, t erima k asih at as bantuan dan peran sertanya dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini

  8. Direktur R S P etrokimia G resik yang te lah memberikan ijin d alam pengambilan data untuk penelitian

  9. Ayah, ibu, adik-adikku dan keluargaku, yang slalu memberikan perhatian, semangat, inspirasi, doa restu serta dukungan, baik moril maupun materil dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Kalian sangat berarti dalam hidupku

  10. Teman-teman rumah s akit yang s elalu m emberikan w aktu d alam p roses menyelesaikan Skripsi ini.

  11. Teman-teman s eperjuangan B16 yang s elama i ni s elalu m emberikan dukungan untuk mengerjakan Skripsi ini.

  Semoga Allh SWT memberikan rahmat dan hidayahNya bagi semua pihak yang m emberikan k esempatan, dukunga n, da n ba ntuan da lam m enyelasikan skripsi ini.

  Surabaya, Februari 2015 Penulis

  MOTTO “ MAN JADDA WAJADA “

  “MAN SHOBARU ZHAFIRA” “MAN YASRO’ YAHSUD” Untuk kedua orang tuaku Ibu dan Bapak yang telah membesarkanku dengan ketulusan cinta, semangat dan kerja keras. Semoga Allah SWT membalas dengan yang lebih baik lebih mulia dari kebaikan di dunia dan seisin

  ya.

  ABSTRACT EFFECT OF PARBOILED RICE ON BLOOD GLUCOSE REDUCTION

  IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS Rosanna Agustine Diet r egulation is a ma in p illar in th e ma nagement o f d iabetes me llitus.

  One of di et r egulation i s t he s election of carbohydrates s ource t hat h as a l ow glycemic i ndex. P arboiled r ice i s a d iet w ith a low g lycemic i ndex t hat can b e expected to lower blood sugar levels of patients with diabetes mellitus. This was a quasi-experimental s tudy to r eveal cau sal r elationships involving c ontrol a nd experimental g roups. P opulation i n this study c omprised pa tients w ith diabetes mellitus hospitalized in Petrokimia Hospital, Gresik, from December 25, 2014 to January 20, 2015 a s m any as 37 pa tients. S ampling t echnique us ed was non - probability purposive sampling, i n which 20 respondents were di vided i nto t wo groups. The intervention group was provided with diet of parboiled rice. Control group was subjected t o diet with pl ain rice. Diet regulation i n bot h groups was performed fo r 3 c onsecutive d ays. B efore an d af ter t he d iet, f asting an d 2 -hour post-prandial bl ood s ugar l evels w ere m easured i n e ach group. S tatistical t ests used were paired t test and independent t test. This study showed no s ignificant difference b etween p re-test a nd po st-test f asting bl ood s ugar l evels i n t he intervention group (p = 0.083), there was a significant difference between pre-test and pos t-test 2 hour s p ost-prandial bl ood s ugar i n t he i ntervention g roup ( p = 0.014) and there was no significant difference between fasting and 2 -hour post- prandial blood glucose level in intervention and control groups (p = 0.0493 and p = 0.0392) . In c onclusion, t he a dministration of pa rboiled r ice do es not a ffect blood sugar levels decrease in patients with diabetes mellitus. For further studies, the r esearcher c an m inimize c onfounding va riable. People w ith d iabetes ca n consume r egular r ice a ccording t o s chedule, t ype and a mount unt il f urther research p roves t hat p arboiled r ice affects b lood s ugar l evels i n p atients w ith diabetes mellitus.

  Keywords:

  parboiled rice, blood sugar, diabetes mellitus

  DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul dan Prasyarat Gelar

  2.1.2 Etiologi .............................................................................. 8

  1.4.1 Tujuan umum ................................................................... 7

  1.4.2 Tujuan khusus .................................................................. 7

  1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................... 8

  1.5.1 Manfaat teoritis ................................................................ 8

  1.5.2 Peneliti .............................................................................. 8

  1.5.3 Tenaga kesehatan/ Rumah Sakit ...................................... 8

  1.5.4 Responden ........................................................................ 8

  BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

  .................................................................... 8

  2.1 Diabetes Mellitus ......................................................................... 8

  2.1.1 Definisi .............................................................................. 8

  2.1.3 Patofisiologi ....................................................................... 11

  1.3 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................... 7

  2.1.4 Klasifikasi .......................................................................... 17

  2.1.5 Gejala Klinik ...................................................................... 18

  2.1.6 Diagnosis ............................................................................ 18

  2.1.7 Komplikasi ......................................................................... 19

  2.1.8 Manajemen DM ................................................................. 21

  2.1.9 Pemeriksaan Gula Darah Pada Penderita DM ................... 26

  2.2 Beras Pratanak................................... ............................................ 30

  2.2.1 Pengertian.................................... ....................................... 30

  2.2.2 Komposisi Kimia Beras Pratanak................ ...................... 31

  2.2.3 Sifat Fungsional Beras Pratanak ....................................... 34

  2.2.4 Metode Pembuatan ................................................ ............ 38

  1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................ 7

  1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .................................................................... 7

  ............................................................ . i

  ...... ..................................................................................................... viii

  Lembar Pernyataan

  ....................................................................................... ii

  Lembar Persetujuan

  ...................................................................................... iii

  Lembar Penetapan Panitia Penguji

  .............................................................. iv

  Ucapan Terima Kasih

  .................................................................................... v

  Motto

  .. ....... ..................................................................................................... vii

  Abstract

  Daftar Isi

  1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................ 1

  ......................................................................................................... ix

  Daftar Gambar

  .. ........................................................................................... .. xi

  Daftar Tabel

  ..................................................................................................... xii

  Daftar Lampiran

  ............................................................................................ xiii

  Daftar Singkatan

  ............................................................................................ xiv

  BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN

  .............................................................................. 1

  2.3 Keaslian Penelitian ........................................................................ 42

  

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN

  45

  3.1 Kerangka Konseptual .................................................................. 45

  3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................................................... 47

  BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN

  ................................................................. 48

  4.1 Desain Penelitian ......................................................................... 48

  4.2 Populasi, Sampel, Besar Sampel dan Teknik Sampling ............ 49

  4.2.1 Populasi ............................................................................. 49

  4.2.2 Sampel ............................................................................... 49

  4.2.3 Besar Sampel ..................................................................... 50

  4.2.4 Teknik sampling ................................................................. 51

  4.3 Variabel Penelitian ........................... .......................................... 52 4.4 .Definisi Operasional ................................................................... 52 4.5 .Instrumen Penelitian.................................................................... 53

  4.6 Lokasi dan Waktu Pengambilan data .......................................... 53

  4.7 Prosedur Pengumpulan data ........................................................ 54

  4.8 Cara Analisis Data....................................................................... 56

  4.9 Kerangka Operasional ................................................................. 60

  4.10 Etika Penelitian .......................................................................... 61

  4.10 Keterbatasan ............................................................................... 64

  BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

  ............................... 65

  5.1 Gambaran umum lokasi pengambilan data ................................. 65

  5.2 Hasil penelitian .......................................................................... 66

  5.2.1 Karakteristik responden .................................................... 66

  5.2.2 Data Khusus ...................................................................... 68

  5.2.3 Pembahasan ....................................................................... 73

  BAB 6 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN

  ............................................................... 80

  6.1 Simpulan .................................................................................... 80

  6.2 Saran .......................................................................................... 81

  Daftar Pustaka

  ...................................................................................... .......... 82

  DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Identifikasi m asalah p engaruh p emberian b eras p ratanak terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pasien Diabtes Mellitus . 7Gambar 2.1 Insulin berikatan dengan reseptor insulin menginduksi kaskade sinyal t ransduksi t ransporter glukosa ( GLUT4) unt uk

  transportasi glukosa ke dalam sel ............................................... 14

Gambar 2.2 Penampilan beras pratanak dan beras biasa ................................ 31Gambar 2.3 Graphical depiction of nutrition transfer ................................... 42Gambar 3.1 Kerangka k oneptual p engaruh p emberian b eras p ratanak terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pasien Diabtes Mellitus . 45Gambar 4.1 Desain penelitian pengaruh pemberian beras pratanak terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pasien Diabetes Mellitus ............... 48Gambar 4.2 Kerangka o perasional p enelitian p engaruh p emberian b eras pratanak terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pasien Diabetes

  Mellitus ....................................................................................... 60

  DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Klasifikasi etiologis DM ............................................................... 10Tabel 2.2 Kriteria Diagnosis DM .................................................................. 19Tabel 2.3 Keaslian penelitian ........................................................................ 42Tabel 4.1 Definisi ope rasional penelitian pengaruh pe mberian be ras pratanak t erhadap penurunan kadar gula da rah p asien D iabetes

  Mellitus.......................................................................................... 52