Cohesion in Hans Christian Andersen's Short Story Thumbelina - UDiNus Repository

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the StudY
In our life, we need a means to communicate with others. That means is
language.By language,human can expressand show their message,idea and others.
Ramelan(1991:8) saysthat languagecanhelp a man to expresshis ideas and wishes
to otherssuchas when he needssomehelps,so that closerelationshipamongmember
of the group can be carriedout.
According to Wardhaugh(1972:3-8),the functibn of languageis as human
communicationinstrument.lt meansthx the function of languageis not only for oral
talk but also can use to create literary work such as a novels and short story.
Language has five basic functions, they are expression,information, exploration,
persuasion,andentertainment(Michael'|967.51}'
From the explanation above, it can be concluded that language is very
important in our life. People will get difficulties in communication without any
language.In addition, Priestly (1990:9) points out that languageare a method of
conveyingour ideasto the minds of other persons.Therefore,languagehas becomea
very important communicationtool in the human'slife' .
According to Sperberand Wilson (1995:173),languageand communication
are often seen like two sides of a single coin that cannot be separatedeach other.

Communication is referred as a processin which information is exchangedbetween

and signor behavior-communication
individualthougha commonsystemof symbol
canbeSeenasaprocessofthetransmissionofinformationgovernedbythreelevels
is
Communicationdevelopment
of semioticrules:Syntactic,PragmaticandSemantic'
(or sign or
enablingpersonto understandwhat othersays
a developmentof processes
into meaning'as well as learnsthe
write) and speaks,translatessoundand symbol
has systematization'It shows an order'
syntax of language.Languagein a text
coinpositiol,andthe unity of all its material'
of shortfictional
Shortstoryis oneof kindsof text in the form

narrativeprose'

to the point than the longerwork of fiction'
Shortstorytendsto be moreconciseand
than novels' short story is an enjoyable
such as novellasor novels less complex
the unified form of a text is important'It
readingmaterial.To understandit, knowing
comprehendthe meaningof a text easily'
is usedso that the teaderwill be able to
is funny, and containsa unified form
Thum*elinsprovidesthe readersa story,which
andutterances'
andmeaningrelationamongthe sentences
use that is useful to exploreis
A further discourselevel aspectof language
refers to the grammatical and lexical
that of pattem of cohesion. cohesion
a text (Richard et al' t992)' Cohesion
relationshipamong different elementsof
an individual's

beinga text featwe.is decisivewith regardto
(lexicalor referential),
in a text rvill
cohesiveness
particularlyto non-natives'
of a passage,
comprehension
of a short story' The function of
help the readerto understandthe whole topic
cohesionistorelateonepartofatexttoanotherpartinthesametext.

The writer is interestedin presentingcohesiveness
analysisin HansChristian
Andersen'sShort Story Thumbelina.The writer wants to find the grammatical
cohesivedevices,which are involvesin a text then connectthem to find whethera
text has cohesiveness
or not. Therefore,the writer chooses,"Cohesion in Hans
ChristianAndersen'sShortStoryThumbelina"asthe title of this research.

1.2Statementof the Problem

'

The statementof the problems in this researchcan be statedas follows:

1 . What kinds of grammatical cohesive devices are found in the Hans Christian
Andersen'! Short Story Thumbelina?

2 . How do the grammaticalcohesivedevicesrelatethe meaningof text in the Hans
Christian Andersen's Short Storv T'humbefina?

1.3Scopeof the Study
This analysisfocuseson the discussionof, grammaticalcohesivedevices
found in the HansChristianAndersen'sShort StoryThumbelina.

1.4Objectiveof the Study
The objectivesof the studycanbe statedasfollows:
1. To find the kinds of grammaticalcohesivedevicesfound in the Hans Christian
Andersen'sShortStoryThurnbel
ina.

in
2. To explainthe relationsof grammaticalcohesivedevicesto the meaningof text
Short StoryThumbelina'
the HansChristianAndersen's

1.5Significanceof the StudY
It is hopedthatthe resultof this researchcanbe a valuablecontributionfor:
1 . The writer
a

To get more knowledge, especiallyin the cohesionanalysis.

b

To provide an input for anybody interestedin conducting further researchon
cohesionanalYsis.

2 . Dian NuswantoroUniversitY
The give a valuable contribution to the university and Language and Letter
for the

Faculty, particularly to the English Study Proglam in giving the references
students.

3 . The common readers
in
To enlargetheir knowledgeaboutcohesion,cohesivddevicesand their relation
a text.

1.6 Thesis Organization
This thesisconsistsof five chaptersas follow:
of
Chapter I is Introduction. It consistsof Background of the Study, Statement
the Problem, Scopeof the Study, Objective of the Study, and Thesis Organization'

the Previewof Related
ChapterII is Reviewof RelatedLiterature.It discusses
Literature, such as text, sentenceand utterance,discourseanalysis, semantics,
devices.
cohesionandcohesive
ChapterIII is ResearchMethod. It providesof ResearchDesign, Unit of

Analysis, Sourceof Data, Techniqueof Data Collection, and Techniqueof Data
Analysis.
Chapteris IV DataAnalysis.It revealsthefinding of the research.
',

Chapteris V Conclusionand Suggestion.It presentsthe Conclusionof the

for furtherresearch.
Researchandthe Suggestions