AN ANALYSIS OF USING PHONOLOGICAL TRANSLATION
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010 Proceedings ISIT 2010 : Page : 211
AN ANALYSIS OF USING PHONOLOGICAL TRANSLATION (A CASE STUDY BETWEEN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN SUZANNE
COLLINS’ NOVEL; THE HUNGER GAMES)
Baiatunnisa, Atini ABA BSI
Jl. Kramat Raya No. 25 Jakarta Pusat
ABSTRACT Translation is a process of transferring or replacing the Source Language into the Target Language. A translation can be said successful or not depends on the methods used by translator. The writer tries to find out what approaches used by the translator in translating The Hunger Games. In translating the novel The Hunger Games, the translator used phonological translation and transferred word translation. Phonological translation means
translating a word from the Sources Language into the closest sound in the Target Language. Meanwhile,
transferred word translation means transferring a word in Sources Language into Target Language. In this paper,the writer analyzes how the translator uses the methods of phonological translation and transferred word
translation. The data is taken from the novel of Suzanne Collins: The Hunger Games from both the English and Indonesian version. The goal of this paper is to find out whether or not translating using the method of phonological translation and transferred word translation into Indonesian would better be understood by the reader than thestandard one. From the discussion, it can be concluded that phonological translation is also commonly used
nowadays in translating. Using phonological translation could sound better and could deliver the meaning of the words itself with the play sound, since many words from phonological translation are commonly used in daily life and society.Keyword: Phonological Translation, the Hunger Games
I. INTRODUCTION
In this paper, the writer will analyze the novels The Hunger Games written by Suzanne Collins in translation point of view. The writer finds this matter would be interesting to be analyzed because there are many words that are not translated based on dictionary, but they are transferred directly or if they are translated, the translator only translated them in the same sound as the Source Language (English). Although the words that are not translated sound common and familiar, but they are not the standard form as written in dictionary.
The topic, to be analyzed by the writer, is interesting and important because there are many translations done in daily life. Commonly, translation done in our country is a translation from English into Bahasa, like the novel that the writer analyzes, The Hunger Games which was translated by Hetih Rusli. Therefore, a good translator should be able to translate the source in English into a good translation in Indonesian. The fact that there are still translators that cannot produce a good translation bothers the writer very much. One of them is the translation of the novel where the translator translated the words with his or her personal interpretation.
Based on the writer opinion, the translator should consider the reader expectation and the purpose of the novel written. The writer takes the title: “AN
ANALYSIS OF USING PHONOLOGICAL TRANSLATION ( A CASE STUDY BETWEEN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN SUZANNE COLLINS’ NOVEL; THE HUNGER GAMES)”,
because the novel is very interesting to read and the writer finds some message from this novel, like : how must survive in our life and how to be useful for everybody around us.
The writer has some assumptions about the reason why the translator translated the novel in that way. First, the translator thought by not translating the words as in the dictionary, the target reader can easily understand the words and sentences. Second, the translator might be influenced by her cultural background in translating the words and sentences. Third, the translator did not understand how to translate the work in a good way.
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010 Theoretical Review Definition of Translation
1. The basis for translation equivalence in phonological translation is relationship of Source Language (SL) and Target Language (TL) phonological units to ‘the same’ phonic substance.
From point of view of phonology translation, the writer assumes, it may be regarded as translation from Target Language into Source Language at the phonology level only, since it is replacement of Target Language phonology by equivalent Source Language phonology (lexis and grammar remaining unchanged).
6. Phonological translation is practiced deliberately by actors and mimics when they assume a foreign, or dialectal, pronunciation.
5. Another example of the reorganization of phonic substance into Target Language (TL) phonological units which may occur in phonological translation is provided by the following true story.
4. Phonological translation, like total translation, may involve change of rank, or regrouping and reorganizing of features of substance into the formal units of the Target Language (TL).
3. Phonological translation is thus seen to parallel ‘total translation’ quite closely; for any one Source Language (SL) phonological item there may be more than one Target Language (TL) phonological translation equivalent.
2. In phonological translation, as in translation at other levels, one must distinguish between formal correspondence and translation equivalence.
From the statement above, the meaning of phonological translation divided into six main types, as following:
According to Bassnett as quoted by Wills (2006:3) stated that ‘’Translation is a procedure which leads from the written source language text to an optimally equivalent target language text and requires the syntactic, semantic, stylistic and text pragmatic comprehension by the translator of the original text”. That means translation is important procedure that transfers source language into target language optimally in the syntactic, semantic, stylistic and pragmatic comprehension text.
In the same book, according to Catford (1995:56), phonological translation is “Restricted translation in which the Source Language (SL) phonology of a text is replaced by equivalent Target Language (TL) phonology”. The writer assumes, that limited of translation in Source Language (SL) phonology text restored by equivalent Target Language (TL) phonology.
Catford (1995:23) stated about phonological translation. He stated that in phonological translation, “The Source Language (SL) phonology is replaced by equivalent Target Language (TL) phonology. The replacements are done only in grammatical or lexical changes as the result from phonological translation”. That means is the phonology Source Language changes by equivalent Target Language phonology, only done in grammatical or lexical.
Newmark (2001:157) stated the description about phonological translation. “Phonological translation is usually accepted that the phoneme cluster ‘fl-‘ has a certain common meaning in, at least, flame, flicker, flare, flitter, flash, flee, flit but not in ’flat’ or ‘flank’. Whether such sounds can be translated is an open question”. The statement above means that phonological translation has a category of the phoneme words.
Definition of Phonological Translation
From several definitions about translation as mentioned above, the writer draws a conclusion that the main idea of translation is a replacement or transfer of Source Language (SL) into Target Language (TL) in the same or the closest equivalent with the Source Language.
Shuttleworth and Cowin (1997:181) expressed that, “Translation is the first of these two senses relates to translation as a process, the second to the product. This immediately means that the term translation encompasses very distinct perspectives. The first sense focuses on the role of the translation in taking the original as source text and turning it into a text in another language. The second sense centers on the concrete translation product produced by the translator”. It can be drawn that Translation has two meanings. The first is related to a process of translation that focuses on the uses of translation which transfers the source language into a target language. The second is related to the result of translation. It focuses on the result that has been transferred by the translator.
Based on Hatim (2004:58) said that “Translation is a phenomenon that has a huge effect on everyday life”. It means that the act or a phenomenon of translating usually happens in a written or spoken language everyday in human life.
According to Nida (1994:193) mentioned about phonological correspondences. There are three
2. Plays on words which are phonologically similar.
The writer assumes, it is obvious that at certain points the conflict between content and form (meaning and manner) will be acute, and that one or the other must give way.
3. Having a natural and easy form of expression.
Berry, Lynx, Monster, Caesar, etc.
The example words in the novels that conveying the spirit and manner of the original, such as:
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010 Proceedings ISIT 2010 : Page : 213
Hunger Games that making sense, like: Primrose, Dandelion, Sweetheart, etc.
For the example word in the novels of The
According to Nida (1994:164), stated that there are four basic requirements of translation written on page that are: 1. Making sense.
The SL and TL items rarely have ‘the same meaning’ in the linguistic sense; but they can function in the same situation. The TL text must be connected to at least some of the situational features in the SL text. The greater the number of situational features common to the contextual meanings of both SL and TL text, the ‘better’ the translation. That means that a translation is a substitution of Source Language into Target Language; where the situational words of Source Language can not be deleted but have to be found the common words in Target Language.
The words that producing a similar response in the novels are: Wig, Eyeliner,
etc.
2. Conveying the spirit and manner of the original.
4. Producing a similar response.
English is translated into kom in Indonesian and the syllable of –sive in English is translated into
kompulsif in Indonesian. The syllable of com in
3. Patterns of form-sound style, involving (a) alliteration (the beginning of two or more stressed syllables of a word group by the same sound or combination of sounds), (b) rhyme, and (c) acrostic arrangements. The three of them are almost the same as in play on words. The differences are only in the beginning sound of the words, the rhyme, and the same sound in the beginning or the end of the words. For example, the word compulsive in English is translated into
same; the differences only in the consonant ‘c’ and ‘k’.
Kanvas in Target Language Indonesian. It sounds
It means that a translator translates a word in Source Language into Target Language that has same sound. For example, the word Canvas in Source Language English that is translated into
Mouse becomes Miki Mouse. The sounds same like the Source Language but in written different.
Indonesian. In Indonesian, the name of Micky
Mouse in Source Language English into
1. Transliteration of borrowed lexical units. It is used when the translator meet the proper names to translate. The translator would borrow it since there are no languages that exactly have same sounds. So, the translator would adjust the sound of the borrowed word into Target Language. For example is in translating the name of Mickey
main types of phonological correspondences between source and receptor language, as following:
The words that having a natural and easy form of expression in the novels as following: Pink, Zigzag, Shock, etc.
- –sif in Indonesian.
said to ‘”have the same meaning as the original (the Source Language). He said meaning is a property of a language. An SL text has an SL meaning, and a TL text has a TL meaning”. In translation, there is substitution of TL meanings for SL meanings but there is no transference of SL meanings into the TL.
Catford (1995:35) stated that a translation is
From all the definition about phonological translation as mentioned above, the writer concluded, phonological translation as a process of translation from the Source Language (SL) phonology replaced by equivalent Target Language (TL) phonology, it only done in grammatical or lexical. And phonological translation is done if the translator cannot finds the suitable word in Target Language.
Based on Savory (1998:50), stated that there are eight points principles of translation:
1. A translation must give the words of the original.
2. A translation must give the ideas of the original.
3. A translation should read like an original work.
4. A translation should read like a translation.
5. A translation should reflect the style of the original.
6. A translation should possess the style of the translator.
7. A translation should read as a contemporary of the original.
8. A translation should read as a contemporary of the translator.
From eight points above, principles of translation is the translation words of Target Language must closest with the original words or Source Language.
The writer finds a conclusion from several statement above, the principles translation is the way
From the several theory about phonological translation, the writer conclude phonological translation is the way in translated words without changes the sound but can be differences in written.
2.1 Principles of Translation
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010 to translate from Source Language words or sentences with some determiner to the Target Language.
Method
In this paper, the approaches used are the phonological translation and transferred words from English into Bahasa. The writer then reads the Sources text (English) and read the Target text (Indonesian). After reading both version, the writer lists all the words to be analyzed that function as the writer’s data. Then, the writer finds the definition of the words in dictionary. The writer then will compare between the definition written in dictionary and the words that have been translated.
Procedure
In analyzing the translation of novel The
Hunger Games written by Suzanne Collins, first the
writer reads both the novels that are written in English as the Source Language and in Indonesian as the Target Language. Second, the writer collects the data from both novels. Last, the writer analyzes the data based on the theory on chapter two.
Beside that the writer collects some books from the library in Jakarta and finds the theory from authors to support this paper. From the theory in chapter two, the writer finds some words as a group from phonological translation in the novel Hunger Games to be analyzes in chapter three. After that, the writer makes a table of the sentence and words to be analyzes.
To make it easier, the writer would use the word SL for Source Language (English) and the word TL for Target Language (Indonesian). The way is done, because the translation in using phonological translation approach is rarely to use, but it doesn’t mean cannot uses. As for the purpose from this paper is how to know the phonological translation approach to make the readers understand the contents of the novel Hunger Games.
Result and Findings
Translation can be done in many ways. The writer describes them into three ways. First, translation can be done by looking at the term of equivalents (Natural equivalents, Linguistic equivalents, Functional equivalents). Second, translation can be done by looking at the term of the product of translation that identifies the target reader. Third, translation also can be done by looking at the term of context where the translator has to identify the target reader, the situation and the purpose of the context. Therefore, the translator cannot translate perfunctorily because there are many considerations to do it. The translator should know whether it is suitable to the context or not. Besides the ways stated above, there is another way to translate, that is by using phonological words. In phonological translation, the translator not only has to know how to use it but also he/she must to see whether it is suitable to the text or not. If it is not suitable to the text, it will make a mistake. The process is by translating the words in the Source Language where the translator simply changes some consonant or vowel into the closest sound of the Target Language. Therefore, the writer thinks that the phonological translation is better done when the words are commonly used in daily life and society.
Translation is also commonly used nowadays in translating. Using phonological translation could sound better and could deliver the meaning of the words itself with the play sound, since many words from phonological translation are commonly used in daily life and society.
DISCUSSION Analysis of Phonological Translation
In analyzing this novel, the translator uses phonological translation because the translator of the novel uses the same sound in translating the Source Language (SL) into the Target Language (TL) for example: the word eyeliner in English is translated into eyeliner. It is done because those two words have the same sound. This below the writer will describe the phonological translation used in the novel.
In this following, the writer would describe the analysis of phonology translation into fourth classifications: Kinds of Plants, Kinds of Animals, Kinds of Places and Borrowed Words.
a. Phonological Translation Used in Kinds of Plants
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010
Example 1:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Prim’s face is as fresh as a Wajah Prim sesegar tetesan Primrose : raindrop, as lovely as the hujan, semanis bunga primrose, Pohon yang berbunga kecil dan
primrose for which she was seperti namanya. (p.9) menyerupai tabung dengan
named. (p.3) warna yang bermacam-macam, warna kuning muda.
In the example above, the word ‘primrose’ is not ‘primrose’ is nothing, so the translator still use the translated because the word ‘primrose’ can be said as word ‘primrose’ directly to make the sentence have a proper name of plants. In Indonesia, the plants of making a sense. Example 2:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Prim named him Buttercup, Prim menamainya Buttercup,
Buttercup :
insisting that his muddy yellow berkeras menyatakan bahwa Sejenis bunga berwarna kuning coat matched the bright flower. warna bulunya yang berwarna yang berbentuk mangkok. (p.3) kuning lumpur mirip seperti warna bunga yang cerah. (p.9-
10) In the example above, the word ‘buttercup’ is not incorrect and can make the reader confuse. And the translated into Indonesian but the translator keeps it translator knows the flower of ‘buttercup’ not found the same as the English. Translated the word in Indonesia. ‘buttercup’ like the definition above will sound Example 3:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
On the table, under a wooden Di atas meja, di bawah Basil : bowl to protect it from hungry mangkuk kayu, untuk Daun kemangi, selasih. rats and cats alike, sits a perfect melindunginya dari tikus dan little goat cheese wrapped in kucing kelaparan, tersembunyi
basil leaves. (p.4) sepotong kecil keju kambing yang terbungkus daun basil.
(p.10) In the example above, it can be seemed that the word the sense and the meaning of sentences cannot be ‘basil’ is not translated. The translator keeps it in the gotten because the word ‘basil’ is proper name of a same as the Source Language, English. If the word flower. ‘basil’ translated based on the dictionary given above, Example 4:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
A thicket of berry bushes Semak-semak berry yang tebal
Berry:
protects it from unwanted eyes. melindunginya dari mata orang- Buah berry, biji kering dari (p.6) orang yang tak diinginkan. bermacam-macam tanaman (p.13) misalnya biji kopi.
In the example above, the word ‘berry’ is a loan word cannot be translated like the definition given because form English. There is definition about word, but it the word ‘berry’ is proper name of fruits. The fruit of
Proceedings ISIT 2010 : Page : 215
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010 ‘berry’ in Indonesia may be different with ‘berry’ in the novel of Hunger Games.
Example 5:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
I dropped my gaze, Aku menunduk, malu dan saat
Dandelion:
embarrassed, and that’s when I itulah aku melihatnya. Bunga Sejenis bunga berwarna kuning, saw it. The first dandelion of dandelion pertama tahun ini. pohon bunga ini. the year. (p.32) (p.41) In the example above, the word ‘dandelion’ is to the definition above, it will lose the sense of the adopted into ‘dandelion’ in Indonesian. If the sentence. In Indonesia, the flower of ‘dandelion’ translator translated the word ‘dandelion’ according doesn’t found.
Example 6:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
A willow, not terribly tall but set Pohon willow yang tidak terlalu
Willow:
in a clump of other willows, tinggi tapi berada di antara Pohon yang daunnya sempit dan offering concealment in those pohon-pohon willow lain, bunganya panjang, hutan yang long, flowing tresses. (p.155) memberikan tempat penuh dengan pohon-pohon. persembunyian di antara deretan pepohonan. (p.173-174)
In the example above, the word ‘willow’ in English is sempit dan bunganya panjang’ that might cause the directly translated into ‘willow’ in Indonesian. The sentence become meaningless. The ‘willow’ trees not translator used the phonological translation because it found in Indonesian country. is easier than translated into ‘pohon yang daunnya
b. Phonological Translation Used in Kinds of Animals
Example 1:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Then when this crazy lynx Kemudian ketika ada lynx – Lynx: started following me around the kucing liar berukuran sedang – Binatang buas sejenis harimau woods looking for handouts, it yang sinting dan mulai yang terdapat di Amerika Utara, became his official nickname mengikutiku selama di hutan mempunyai kaki yang panjang, for me. (p.7) menunggu sisa buruanku, maka berekor pendek, berbulu nama Catnip resmi jadi nama panjang dan berwarna kuning. julukanku. (p.14)
In the example above, it can be seen that the proper name of an animal. The animal of ‘lynx’ definition is too long if it must be translated into doesn’t found in Indonesia, it’s just found in North Bahasa Indonesia. Therefore, the translator just America. adopted directly from the English ‘lynx’ since it is Example 2:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Instead, the jabberjays mated Malahan, burung-burung
Mockingbird:
with female mockingbirds, jabberjay itu kawin dengan Burung Amerika yang pandai
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010 Proceedings ISIT 2010 : Page : 217
creating a whole new species that could replicate both bird whistles and human melodies. (p.43)
mockingbird betina
menciptakan spesies baru yang bisa meniru siulan burung dan melodi manusia. (p.53) meniru suara burung lain. In the example above, the word
‘mockingbirds’ in English is loaned without any changes. There is definition for the word ‘mockingbirds’, but the definition is too long. While the translator will know the word ‘mockingbirds’ better than the definition given above. Another reason why the translator still uses the word ‘mockingbird’, cause in Indonesia the bird of ‘mockingbird’ is doesn’t found and only found in America.
Example 3:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
But of…of what? Some sort of animal? It looks about the size of a raccoon, but it hangs from the bottom of a branch, swaying ever so slightly. (p.185)
Tapi…benda apa itu? Semacam binatang? Ukurannya sebesar
raccoon, tapi tergantung pada
bagian bawah dahan pohon, berayun-ayun pelan. (p.206)
Raccoon:
Sejenis binatang mamalia kecil di Amerika Utara dan Selatan yang tinggal di pohon, bulu raccoon.
In the example above, it can be seen that the definition is too long if it must be translated into Indonesian. Therefore, the translator just adopted directly from the English ‘raccoon’ since it is the proper name of an animals. The translator keeps the word ‘raccoon’, cause this animal only found in North America and South America.
c. Phonological Translation Used in Kinds of Places
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
In the example above, the word ‘mansion’ in Indonesian is loaned from the English ‘mansion’. There is definition for ‘mansion’ that is ‘rumah yang besar dan indah’. The translator still uses the word ‘mansion’, because like the definition above
Gedung untuk bersenam (berasal dari bahasa Latin).
Gymnasium:
Sarapan dan makan malam disajikan di lantai kami, tapi saat makan siang dua puluh
Breakfast and dinner are served on our floor, but at lunch the twenty-four of us eat in a dining
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Example 3:
‘mansion’ is ‘rumah yang besar dan indah’ physicly there is different between Indonesia and America house. So, the translator still uses the original word to get the meaning from the novel story.
Mansion: Rumah yang besar dan indah.
It holds three chairs, a podium, and two large glass balls, one for the boys and one for the girls. (p.17)
(p.71) Kuda-kuda berhenti tepat di depan mansion milik Presiden Snow, dan kami semua berhenti berjalan. (p.83)
mansion, and we come to a halt.
Our horses pull our chariot right up to President Snow’s
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Example 2:
In the example above, the word ‘podium’ is not translated because the word ‘podium’ common uses in daily conversation. So, the translator still uses the original words being translated and has the familiar sound.
Podium: Panggung, mimbar, podium.
Example 1:
Di sana ada tiga kursi, podium, dan dua bola kaca ukuran besar, satu bola untuk nama anak lelaki dan satu lagi untuk anak perempuan. (p.25)
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010
I don’t know how long it has been, maybe an hour or so, when Cato hits the ground and we hear the mutts dragging him, dragging him back into the
Wig: Rambut palsu.
Effie Trinket yang selalu cerah ceria menjejakkan kaki ke podium dan menyampaikan salamnya yang terkenal, “Selamat mengikuti Hunger Games! Semoga keberuntungan menyertaimu selalu! Rambutnya yang berwarna merah jambu pasti cuma wig karena ikalnya
Bright and bubbly as ever, Effie Trinket trots to the podium and gives her signature, “Happy Hunger Games! And may the odds be ever in your favor” Her pink hair must be a wig because her curls have shifted slightly off center since her encounter with Haymitch. (p.19-20)
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Example 1:
In the example above, the word ‘cornucopia’ is not translated into Indonesian but translator keeps it the same as the English. Translated the word ‘cornucopia’ like the definition above will sound incorrect and could make the reader confuse. If the translator uses the definition above in the sentence, it will loses the meaning from the novels it self.
Lukisan atau ukiran tanduk yang ditaburi atau dihiasi dengan buah-buahan atau bunga-bunga, tanduk kemakmuran, tempat atau wadah yang berbentuk kerucut.
Cornucopia:
Aku tidak tahu sudah lewat berapa lama, mungkin sekitar satu jam, ketika Cato terjatuh ke tanah dan kami mendengar para mutt menyeretnya, menyeretnya kembali ke Cornucopia. (p.369)
Cornucopia . (p.337)
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
room off the gymnasium. (p.97) empat peserta makan di ruang makan tidak jauh dari
Example 5:
‘arena’ is adopted directly from the Source Language, English. Indonesian people usually uses the word ‘arena’ in daily conversation.
In the example above, the definition given in dictionary was not used by the translator since the word ‘arena’ is proper name for place. The word
Gelanggang, tempat pertandingan atau pertarungan.
Arena:
Aku membungkuk untuk mengambilnya, ketika suara Claudius Templesmith membahana di arena. (p.374)
As I stoop to pick it up, Claudius Templesmith’s voice booms into the arena. (p.342)
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Example 4:
In the example above, the word ‘gymnasium’ is borrowed from the Source Language, English. The definition for ‘gymnasium’ is ‘gedung untuk bersenam’ but in sentence will sound improper. To avoid loses the meaning from the novel it self, so the translator still uses the word ‘gymnasium’.
gymnasium. (p.110-111)
d. Phonological Translation Used in Borrowed Words
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010
agak berubah letak sejak dia ditabrak Haymitch. (p.27-28) In the example above, the word ‘wig’ is translated improper in the sentence. And the word ‘wig’ usually directly into ‘wig’ in Bahasa Indonesia. If the uses with the woman who have a hobby to changing translator translated the word ‘wig’ according to the the new hair. definition above, it will have sound unfamiliar and Example 2:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary “Your pin?” I say. Wearing a “Pin milikmu?” tanyaku.
Pin: token from my district is about Memakai tanda mata dari Peniti, perhiasan peniti, bros.
the last thing on my mind. distrikku nyaris tak terlintas (p.38) dalam benakku. (p.48) In the example above, the word ‘pin’ is borrowed stated above. A translator keeps uses the word ‘pin’, directly from the Source Language, English ‘pin’ cause in daily conversation the Indonesian people still though there is definition for the word ‘pin’ that is uses the word ‘pin’.
Example 3:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
The only concession to self- Satu-satunya tampilan yang Eyeliner: alteration seems to be metallic ditambahkan tampaknya cuma Alat rias untuk membuat garis gold eyeliner that has been berwarna emas metalik di atas bulu mata.
eyeliner applied with a light hand. (p.63) yang dipulas dengan halus.
(p.75) In the example above, the word ‘eyeliner’ is adopted will miss the meaning of the sentence. Beside that, from the English. There is definition for the word the word ‘eyeliner’ bring conveying the spirit and ‘eyeliner’ itself, but if it translated like the definition manner of the original word it self. in the dictionary, the sentence will be too long and Example 4:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
I hate her, too, with her Aku membencinya juga,
Monster:
knowing reproachful eyes that membenci matanya yang penuh Tanaman atau binatang yang call me a coward, a monster, a tuduhan, yang menyebutku ganjil bentuknya, makhluk puppet of Capitol, both now and pengecut, monster, boneka khayalan dalam cerita, benda then. (p.118-119) Capitol. (p.134) atau binatang yang sangat besar.
In the example above, the word ‘monster’ is not above, it would be too long and did not match with translated based on the definition in dictionary. The the sentence. The word ‘monster’ usually uses in translator only replaces the word ‘monster’ into daily conversation in Indonesian people. Bahasa Indonesia, because if it used the definition Example 5:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
“When the gong sounds, get the “Ketika
gong berbunyi, Gong: hell out of there. You’re neither langsung lari dari sana. Kecuali Gong, canang.
Proceedings ISIT 2010 : Page : 219
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010
of you to the blood bath at the kalian siap menghadapi banjir Cornucopia. Just…”. (p.138) darah di Cornucopia.
Segera…”. (p.155) In the example above, the word ‘gong’ is also Language and Target Language have the same sound translate into ‘gong’ though there is definition for and same meaning. That’s way the translator keeps it ‘gong’ that is ‘gong’ or ‘canang’. Between Source similar like in Source Language, English. Example 6:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
All the general fear I’ve been Segala ketakutan yang Predator: feeling condenses into an kurasakan kini memadat Orang atau binatang yang immediate fear of this girl, this menjadi ketakutan terhadap membunuh sesamanya untuk predator who might kill me in gadis ini, predator yang bisa dimakan. seconds. (p.150-151) membunuhku dalam waktu beberapa detik. (p.168) In the example above. The word ‘predator’ is not same as the English one. It is done because ‘predator’ translated based on the definition given in dictionary. is proper name of wild animals and the ‘predator’ in The translator only transferred the word ‘predator’ the America and ‘predator’ in Indonesia are different.
Example 7:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
A pack of crackers. A pack of Sebungkus biskuit, sebungkus Iodine: dried beef strips. A bottle of dendeng sapi kering. Sebotol Yodium, obat merah.
iodine. (p.154) iodine. (p.172)
In the example above, the word ‘iodine’ is again word ‘iodine’ which is ‘yodium’ or ‘obat merah’. The transferred to ‘iodine’ without any changes. translator still uses the word ‘iodine’ do not avoid the Meanwhile, in dictionary there is definition for the meaning from the sentence it self.
Example 8:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
I’m reminded of those last few Aku jadi teringat pada biji-biji
Pop corn:
kernels that burst when Prim jagung terakhir yang meledak Jagung yang dipanasi atau and I pop corn over the fire at ketika aku dan Prim membuat dimasak hingga mekar, butir home. (p.223) pop corn di atas api. (p.247) atau biji yang dimekarkan.
In the example above, the word ‘pop corn’ is not translated the word ‘pop corn’ according to the translated based on the definition given in dictionary. definition above, it will sound unfamiliar and The translator only transferred the word ‘pop corn’ improper in the sentence. The word ‘pop corn’ has the same as the English one. If the translator familiar sound in Indonesia.
Example 9:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Our part of District 12, Bagian wilayah kami di Distrik
Shift :
nicknamed the Seam, is usually 12 ini dijuluki Seam, pada jam Perubahan, kelompok pekerja
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010 crawling with coal miners sepagi ini biasanya disesaki para giliran.
heading out to the morning shift penambang batu bara yang at this hour. (p.4) sedang menuju tempat kerja memulai shift pagi. (p.10-11)
In the example above, the word ‘shift’ is not translated, the word ‘shift’ is too long. In Indonesia translated. The translator keeps the word ‘shift’ the word ‘shift’ usually uses in daily life, especially similar like in English because if the word ‘shift’ is in the company.
Example 10:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
“Your mentor has a lot to learn “Mentor kalian harus belajar Mentor: about presentation. A lot about banyak tentang penampilan. Penasehat yang bijaksana. televised behavior.” (p.46) Juga banyak belajar tentang bagaimana bersikap saat disorot televisi.” (p.56)
In the example above, the translator again did not yang bijaksana’. Therefore, the translator still uses the translate the word ‘mentor’. The translator should word ‘mentor’, it’s usually uses with Indonesian consider the other definition given in dictionary. people in daily conversation. There is definition for ‘mentor’ that is ‘penasehat Example 11:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
The one who advises you, lines Orang yang memberi kalian Sponsor: up your sponsors, and dictates saran, mencarikan sponsor, dan Penanggung jawab, orang atau the presentation of any gifts. menentukan hadiah-hadiah apa perusahaan yang membiayai (p.46) yang diberikan. (p.57) penyelenggaraan siaran radio, acara televisi, partai politik, dsb.
In the example above, the word ‘sponsors’ is sentence lose the meaning of the word because the translated directly into ‘sponsor’ because it sounds definition given in the dictionary is too long. In daily same. If the translator used the definition as written in conversation, the word ‘sponsor’ has familiar sound English-Indonesian dictionary, it will make the in Indonesia people.
Example 12:
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
“You’re golden, sweetheart. “Kau hebat, sweetheart. Sweetheart: You’re going to have sponsors Sponsor akan mengantre Kekasih, (slang) orang yang lined up around the block,” says panjang untuk sangat baik atau sesuatu yang Haymitch. (p.137) mendapatkanmu,” kata sangat indah.
Haymitch. (p.153) In the example above, the word ‘sweetheart’ is not definition for ‘sweetheart’ which is ‘kekasih’ that translated but taken as loan word ‘sweetheart’ in most Indonesian people would understand better than Target Language, Indonesian. Meanwhile, there is the word ‘sweetheart’ itself. Example 13:
Proceedings ISIT 2010 : Page : 221
- – it must be Effie, it has to be Effie coming to my rescue – when the needle jabs me from behind. (p.348)
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Shock:
“Katnis, aku tahu kau shock, tapi aku harus bertanya. Pada saat kau mengeluarkan buah- buah berry itu. Apa yang…”. (p.402)
moment when you pulled out those berries. What was…”. (p.369)
shock, but I’ve got to ask. The
“Katnis, I know you’ve had a
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Example 16:
In the example above, the word ‘caesar’ is adopted from the English. There is the definition for the word ‘caesar’ itself, but if it translated like the definition in the dictionary, the sentence did not match. The translator knows the leader in Indonesia name is President not Caesar.
Pemimpin dan gubernur kerajaan Romawi, kaisar, diktator, raja lalim.
Caesar:
(p.400)
Thank you, Caesar! I think, and then go with his idea. (p.368) Terima kasih, Caesar! pikirku, lalu aku meneruskan idenya.
Example 15:
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010 Source Language Target Language Dictionary
In the example above, the translator again did not translate the word ‘pink’. The translator only translated directly the word ‘pink’ into Bahasa Indonesia. The word ‘pink’ having a natural and easy form of expression in the sentence and Indonesian people are familiar with this word. Therefore, the word ‘pink’ has a definition in dictionary ‘merah muda’, but the translator still uses the word ‘pink’.
Pink: Merah muda.
Kubenturkan tubuhku ke kaca sambil menjerit-jerit dan kupikir sekilas aku melihat bayangan rambut pink – pasti rambut Effie, pasti Effie datang menyelamatkanku – ketika jarum suntik menusukku dari belakang. (p.380)
I start hurling myself against the glass, shrieking and I think I just catch a glimpse of pink hair
Source Language Target Language Dictionary
Example 14:
In the example above, the word ‘zigzag’ is translated into ‘zigzag’ in Indonesian. It can be said the translator just transferred the word although there is definition in dictionary that can be understood better by Indonesian reader. The word ‘zigzag’ having a natural and easy form of expression from both the novels.
Berbelok-belok tajam, ditandai dengan belokan-belokan tajam.
Zigzag:
melompat menghindari bola- bola api. (p.196)
zigzag, menyuruk, dan
Apapun rencana samar yang kupikirkan tentang kembali ke kolam langsung terhapus dari benakku ketika aku berlari
Whatever vague plan I had conceived regarding returning to my pond is wiped from my mind as I zigzag and dive and leap to avoid fireballs. (p.175)
Goncangan yang tiba-tiba, sesuatu yang mengejutkan.
International Seminar Of Information Technology (ISIT) 2010 Proceedings ISIT 2010 : Page : 223
(5 September 2010)
London: Prentice Hall. Shuttleworth, M and M. Cowie. 1997. Dictionary of
Newmark, Peter. 2001. A Textbook of Translation.
Dictionary of Current English. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hornby, AS. 1974. Oxford Advanced Learner’s
an Advanced Resource Book. New York: Routledge.
Hatim, Basil and Jeremy Munday. 2004. Translation
ed.). Jakarta: Modern English Press. http://transbahasa.wordpress.com/articles/definition- and-kinds-of-translation/. (May 28, 2010). Collins, David. 2010. The Meaning of Article. Taken From: http://www.ardictionary.com/article.