Wiley Publishing Photoshop CS All in One Desk Reference fo
Photoshop CS
®
ALL-IN-ONE DESK REFERENCE
FOR
DUMmIES
‰
by Barbara Obermeier
Photoshop CS
®
ALL-IN-ONE DESK REFERENCE
FOR
DUMmIES
‰
Photoshop CS
®
ALL-IN-ONE DESK REFERENCE
FOR
DUMmIES
‰
by Barbara Obermeier
Photoshop® CS All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies®
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
9111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774
www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2003115008
ISBN: 0-7645-4239-7
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1O/SQ/RR/QT/IN
About the Author
Barbara Obermeier is principal of Obermeier Design, a graphic design studio in
Ventura, California. She’s the author of Photoshop Album For Dummies, coauthor
of Adobe Master Class: Illustrator Illuminated, Photoshop 7 For Dummies, and
Illustrator 10 For Dummies. She has contributed as coauthor, technical editor, or
layout designer for numerous books. Barb also teaches computer graphics at the
University of California, Santa Barbara, and at Ventura College.
Dedication
I would like to dedicate this book to Gary, Kylie, and Lucky, who constantly
remind me of what’s really important in life.
Author’s Acknowledgments
I would like to thank my excellent project editor, Becky Huehls, who kept me and this
book on track; Bob Woerner, the world’s best Acquisitions Editor; Andy Cummings,
who gives Dummies a good name; David Busch, for his great contribution to the first
edition; David Herman, Technical Editor Extraordinaire; Barbara Terry, who made
everything I wrote sound better; and all the hard-working, dedicated production folks
at Wiley. A special thanks to Ted Padova, colleague, fellow author, and friend, who
always reminds me there is eventually an end to 40 chapters.
Publisher’s Acknowledgments
We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our online registration form located at
www.dummies.com/register/.
Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following:
Acquisitions, Editorial, and Media Development
Production
Associate Project Editor: Rebecca Huehls
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(Previous Edition: Nicole Haims)
(Previous Edition: Kim Darosett)
Layout and Graphics: Joyce Haughey,
Kristin McMullan, Barry Offringa,
Lynsey Osborn, Brent Savage,
Jacque Schneider, Mary Gillot Virgin,
Erin Zeltner
Technical Editor: David Herman
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Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Acquisitions Editor: Bob Woerner
Copy Editor: Barbara Terry
Media Development Manager: Laura VanWinkle
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Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com)
Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies
Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher
Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher
Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director
Publishing for Consumer Dummies
Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher
Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director
Composition Services
Gerry Fahey, Vice President of Production Services
Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services
Contents at a Glance
Introduction......................................................................1
Book I: Photoshop Fundamentals ........................................7
Chapter 1: Examining the Photoshop Environment .............................................................9
Chapter 2: Getting to Know the Tools Palette .....................................................................31
Chapter 3: Getting Started and Finishing Up .......................................................................51
Chapter 4: Getting It on Paper ...............................................................................................65
Chapter 5: Viewing and Navigating Images .........................................................................73
Chapter 6: Customizing Your Workspace and Preferences ...............................................99
Book II: Image Essentials...............................................117
Chapter 1: Specifying Size and Resolution ........................................................................119
Chapter 2: Choosing Color Modes and File Formats ........................................................139
Chapter 3: Using and Managing Color ................................................................................161
Chapter 4: Time Travel — Undoing in Photoshop ...........................................................187
Chapter 5: Applying Annotations and Notes .....................................................................199
Chapter 6: Creating Actions for Productivity and Fun .....................................................203
Book III: Selections .......................................................217
Chapter 1: Making Selections ..............................................................................................219
Chapter 2: Creating and Working with Paths ....................................................................237
Chapter 3: Modifying and Transforming Selections and Paths ......................................261
Book IV: Painting, Drawing, and Typing .........................283
Chapter 1: Exploring with the Painting Tools ...................................................................285
Chapter 2: Creating Vector Shapes .....................................................................................307
Chapter 3: Filling and Stroking ............................................................................................319
Chapter 4: Creating and Editing Type ................................................................................339
Chapter 5: Masking, Shaping, and Warping Type .............................................................355
Book V: Working with Layers .........................................369
Chapter 1: Creating Layers ..................................................................................................371
Chapter 2: Managing Layers ................................................................................................393
Chapter 3: Playing with Opacity and Blend Modes ..........................................................417
Chapter 4: Getting Jazzy with Layer Styles and Clipping Groups ..................................433
Book VI: Channels and Masks ........................................457
Chapter 1: Using Channels ..................................................................................................459
Chapter 2: Quick and Dirty Masking ..................................................................................479
Chapter 3: Getting Exact with Advanced Masking Techniques ......................................497
Book VII: Filters and Distortions.....................................513
Chapter 1: Making Corrections with Daily Filters .............................................................515
Chapter 2: Applying Filters for Special Occasions ...........................................................533
Chapter 3: Distorting with the Liquify Command .............................................................567
Book VIII: Retouching and Restoration ...........................579
Chapter 1: Enhancing Images with Adjustments ..............................................................581
Chapter 2: Repairing with the Focus and Toning Tools ...................................................619
Chapter 3: Fixing Flaws and Imperfections .......................................................................631
Book IX: Photoshop and the Web ....................................643
Chapter 1: Prepping Web Graphics ....................................................................................645
Chapter 2: Optimizing Images with Save for Web .............................................................661
Chapter 3: Slicing Your Image .............................................................................................675
Chapter 4: Creating a Web Photo Gallery ..........................................................................691
Chapter 5: Looking to ImageReady .....................................................................................697
Book X: Photoshop and Print ..........................................705
Chapter 1: Working with Other Programs .........................................................................707
Chapter 2: Prepping Graphics for Print .............................................................................721
Chapter 3: Creating Contact Sheets, Picture Packages, and More .................................737
Appendix A: Working with Digital Cameras
and Scanners ...............................................................749
Appendix B: A Visual Reference of Photoshop Tools .........759
Index............................................................................775
Table of Contents
Introduction ......................................................................1
About This Book .....................................................................................................1
Numbered steps ............................................................................................2
Putting It Together ........................................................................................2
What’s in This Book ...............................................................................................2
Book I: Photoshop Fundamentals ...............................................................3
Book II: Image Essentials .............................................................................3
Book III: Selections .......................................................................................3
Book IV: Painting, Drawing, and Typing .....................................................3
Book V: Working with Layers ......................................................................3
Book VI: Channels and Masks .....................................................................4
Book VII: Filters and Distortions .................................................................4
Book VIII: Retouching and Restoration ......................................................4
Book IX: Photoshop and the Web ...............................................................4
Book X: Photoshop and Print ......................................................................4
Appendix A: Working with Digital Cameras and Scanners ......................5
Appendix B: A Visual Reference of Photoshop Tools ...............................5
Color Insert ....................................................................................................5
Conventions Used in This Book ...........................................................................5
Icons Used in This Book ........................................................................................6
Where to Go from Here ..........................................................................................6
Book I: Photoshop Fundamentals.........................................7
Chapter 1: Examining the Photoshop Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Getting a Warm Welcome .......................................................................................9
Launching Photoshop and Customizing the Desktop .....................................10
Setting display settings with the Window menu .....................................12
Setting up the status bar ............................................................................14
Dissecting Dialog Box Jargon ..............................................................................15
Playing with Palettes ............................................................................................16
Working with Your First Photoshop File ............................................................18
Opening and saving files ............................................................................18
Making selections .......................................................................................20
Making simple image edits ........................................................................21
Making changes by using the Image menu ..............................................22
Creating layers ............................................................................................23
Applying filters ............................................................................................24
Simplifying your edits with the Options bar ...........................................26
Proofing and finalizing the image .............................................................27
Accessing Help When You Need It .....................................................................28
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Photoshop CS All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies
Chapter 2: Getting to Know the Tools Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Turning On the Tools Palette ..............................................................................31
Selecting tools .............................................................................................31
Getting to know your tools ........................................................................33
Introducing the Photoshop Tools ......................................................................34
Using selection tools ..................................................................................34
Creating and modifying paths ...................................................................36
Using painting tools ....................................................................................38
Using tools for cloning and retouching ....................................................39
Creating effects with typographical tools ...............................................41
Using focus and toning tools .....................................................................42
Creating shapes ..........................................................................................44
Viewing, navigating, sampling, and annotating tools .............................45
Using tools for the Web ..............................................................................47
Saving Time with Tool Presets ............................................................................48
Creating custom tool presets ....................................................................48
Managing your presets ...............................................................................49
Chapter 3: Getting Started and Finishing Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Browsing for Files .................................................................................................51
Opening an Image .................................................................................................52
Opening special files ..................................................................................54
Opening a Photo CD image ........................................................................55
Placing Files ...........................................................................................................56
Creating a New Image ...........................................................................................58
Saving a File ...........................................................................................................60
Applying Digital Copyrights ................................................................................62
Closing and Quitting .............................................................................................63
Chapter 4: Getting It on Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Taking a Look at Printers .....................................................................................65
Printing an Image ..................................................................................................66
Page Setup in Microsoft Windows ............................................................67
Page Setup in the Mac OS ..........................................................................67
Setting Printing Options ......................................................................................68
Chapter 5: Viewing and Navigating Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Looking at the Image Window .............................................................................73
Zooming In and Out of Image Windows .............................................................75
Zooming tricks ............................................................................................77
Handling the Hand tool ..............................................................................77
Cruising with the Navigator Palette ...................................................................78
Choosing a Screen Mode .....................................................................................79
Getting Precise Layout Results ...........................................................................81
Creating guides ...........................................................................................81
Using guides ................................................................................................83
Using grids ...................................................................................................83
Measuring On-Screen ...........................................................................................84
Table of Contents
Using the Info Palette ...........................................................................................86
Working with Extras .............................................................................................87
Managing Images with the File Browser ............................................................88
Brief Anatomy of the File Browser ............................................................89
Configuring the File Browser Window .....................................................90
Using the menu bar and buttons ..............................................................90
Working with Metadata ..............................................................................95
Using Keywords ..........................................................................................97
Chapter 6: Customizing Your Workspace and Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Creating Workspace Presets ...............................................................................99
Saving and Deleting Presets ..............................................................................100
Setting Your Preferences ...................................................................................100
Setting general preferences .....................................................................101
Deciding how you want files handled ....................................................104
Adjusting your display and cursors .......................................................106
Adjusting transparency and gamut ........................................................107
Setting measurement preferences ..........................................................108
Setting up guides, grids, and slices ........................................................109
Plug-Ins and Scratch Disks ................................................................................111
Plug-ins .......................................................................................................111
Scratch disks .............................................................................................112
Changing Memory and Cache Settings ............................................................112
Managing memory ....................................................................................113
Setting aside memory for storing screen images .................................113
Setting File Browser Preferences ......................................................................114
Using the Preset Manager ..................................................................................114
Customizing Keyboard Shortcuts ....................................................................115
Book II: Image Essentials ...............................................117
Chapter 1: Specifying Size and Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Putting Images under the Microscope .............................................................119
Vector images ............................................................................................120
Raster images ............................................................................................121
Viewing Raster Images On-Screen ....................................................................122
Using the Image Size Command ........................................................................124
Resampling Images .............................................................................................126
Adding pixels to an image .......................................................................127
Taking pixels out of an image ..................................................................128
Resizing Images with the Resize Image Wizard ..............................................130
Changing the Canvas Size ..................................................................................130
Cropping an Image .............................................................................................132
Using the Crop tool ...................................................................................133
Cropping with the Marquee tool .............................................................135
Using the Trim command ........................................................................135
Using the Crop and Straighten Photo Command ..................................137
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Chapter 2: Choosing Color Modes and File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Understanding Color Theory ............................................................................139
Knowing RGB basics .................................................................................139
Knowing CMYK basics .............................................................................140
Selecting a Color Mode in Photoshop .............................................................141
RGB Color ..................................................................................................141
CMYK Color ...............................................................................................142
Grayscale ...................................................................................................142
Monotone, Duotone, Tritone, and Quadtone ........................................142
Indexed Color ............................................................................................143
Lab Color ...................................................................................................143
Bitmap ........................................................................................................143
Multichannel ..............................................................................................145
Converting to a Different Color Mode ..............................................................145
Converting from RGB to CMYK ...............................................................145
Converting to Grayscale ..........................................................................146
Converting to Indexed Color .............................................................................147
Using the Conditional Mode Change Command .............................................147
Choosing the Right File Format ........................................................................148
TIFF .............................................................................................................148
JPEG ............................................................................................................151
JPEG 2000 ...................................................................................................151
GIF ...............................................................................................................152
EPS ..............................................................................................................152
PDF: The Universal Donor .......................................................................153
Photoshop .................................................................................................155
Photoshop Raw .........................................................................................155
Camera Raw ...............................................................................................156
PICT ............................................................................................................157
BMP ............................................................................................................158
Large Document Format (PSB) ...............................................................158
The others .................................................................................................158
Chapter 3: Using and Managing Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
Dealing with Foreground and Background Colors .........................................161
Defining Color .....................................................................................................163
Poking around the Color Picker ..............................................................163
Mixing with the Color palette ..................................................................164
Grabbing color from the Swatches palette ............................................167
Lifting and sampling color ......................................................................168
Using the Color Sampler tool to measure color ...................................169
Color Management Essentials ...........................................................................171
Setting up your work environment .........................................................172
Calibrating your monitor .........................................................................173
Establishing Your Settings .................................................................................175
Handling Photoshop’s predefined settings ...........................................176
Indicating your working spaces ..............................................................177
After You Define Your Settings ..........................................................................179
Setting Color Management Policies .................................................................180
Table of Contents
Getting Consistent Color Among Adobe Applications ..................................183
Reassigning, Removing, or Converting Color Profiles ...................................184
Soft Proofing Colors ...........................................................................................185
Chapter 4: Time Travel — Undoing in Photoshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
Undoing What’s Done .........................................................................................187
Using the Undo command .......................................................................187
Reverting to what’s saved .......................................................................188
Working with the Almighty History Palette ....................................................189
Understanding states and snapshots .....................................................189
Changing the default number of steps that
the History palette displays ................................................................189
Introducing History palette options and tools .....................................190
Viewing an Image’s Various States ...................................................................191
Going back to a particular state .............................................................191
Reviewing your image at different states ..............................................191
Removing a state ......................................................................................191
Clearing all states .....................................................................................191
Navigating the history list .......................................................................192
Looking at the History Options Dialog Box .....................................................192
Taking Snapshots ................................................................................................193
Restoring Part of an Image ................................................................................194
Using the Eraser with the Erase to History option ..............................195
Using the History Brush tool ...................................................................195
Using the Fill to History feature ..............................................................196
Using the Art History Brush tool ............................................................197
Chapter 5: Applying Annotations and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
Having Your Say with Notes and Audio Annotations .....................................199
Creating a text annotation .......................................................................200
Creating an audio note .............................................................................201
Importing and Exporting PDF Files with Annotations ...................................202
Chapter 6: Creating Actions for Productivity and Fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
Using the Actions Palette ..................................................................................203
Getting to know List mode ......................................................................204
Examining an action in List mode ...........................................................205
Introducing Preset Actions ................................................................................206
Preset action options ...............................................................................207
Loading preset actions .............................................................................207
Playing a preset action .............................................................................208
Creating a New Action .......................................................................................208
Editing and Managing Actions ..........................................................................209
Re-recording an action .............................................................................210
Editing an action .......................................................................................211
Saving actions ...........................................................................................211
Batch Processing Actions ..................................................................................212
Creating Droplets ................................................................................................215
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Book III: Selections........................................................217
Chapter 1: Making Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Defining Selections .............................................................................................219
Marqueeing When You Can ...............................................................................220
Using the Rectangular Marquee tool ......................................................220
Using the Elliptical Marquee tool ...........................................................221
Using the Single Column and Single Row Marquee tools ....................222
Using the marquee options .....................................................................223
Lassoing When You Can’t ..................................................................................226
Selecting straight sides with the Polygon Lasso tool ..........................229
Attracting with the Magnetic Lasso tool ...............................................230
Adjusting the Magnetic Lasso options ...................................................231
Performing Wand Wizardry ...............................................................................233
Selecting with the Magic Wand tool .......................................................233
Setting your Tolerance .............................................................................234
Using the Magic Wand Options bar ........................................................236
Chapter 2: Creating and Working with Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Introducing Paths ...............................................................................................237
Creating a Path with the Pen Tool ....................................................................239
Knowing your Pen tool options ..............................................................239
Creating your first work path ..................................................................239
Drawing curves .........................................................................................241
Connecting a straight segment to a curve segment .............................243
Connecting curve segments with cusp points ......................................244
Closing a path ............................................................................................245
Creating subpaths .....................................................................................245
Working with the Paths Palette ........................................................................246
Creating a path ..........................................................................................247
Creating a new path ..................................................................................247
Saving a work path ...................................................................................247
Deleting, duplicating, and renaming a path ..........................................247
Stroking a path ..........................................................................................248
Filling a path ..............................................................................................248
Loading Paths as Selections ..............................................................................249
Making a Selection into a Path ..........................................................................251
Using the Kinder Freeform Pen .........................................................................251
Curve Fit .....................................................................................................252
Magnetic ....................................................................................................253
Width, Contrast, Frequency, and Pen Pressure ....................................253
Creating Paths without the Pen ........................................................................253
Editing Paths .......................................................................................................255
Using the Options Bar ........................................................................................258
Clipping Out the Unwanted ...............................................................................259
Table of Contents
Chapter 3: Modifying and Transforming Selections and Paths . . . . . . .261
Achieving Selection Perfection .........................................................................261
Adding to a selection ................................................................................262
Subtracting from a selection ...................................................................263
Intersecting two selections .....................................................................264
Getting the Keys to Behave ...............................................................................265
Adding a perfectly square or circular selection ...................................266
Deleting from an existing selection while drawing from
the center out ........................................................................................266
Using the Select Menu ........................................................................................267
Selecting All or Nothing .....................................................................................268
Reselecting a selection .............................................................................268
Swapping a selection ................................................................................268
Feathering a selection ..............................................................................269
Using the Modify commands ...................................................................270
Applying the Grow and Similar commands ...........................................272
Moving and Cloning Selections .........................................................................273
Cloning .......................................................................................................274
Moving the selection outline, but not the pixels ..................................274
Transforming Pixels ...........................................................................................274
Transforming Selection Marquees ...................................................................277
Transforming Paths ............................................................................................278
All paths .....................................................................................................278
Single path .................................................................................................278
Part of a path .............................................................................................279
Putting It Together: Removing a Person
(Without Getting in Trouble with the Law) .................................................280
Book IV: Painting, Drawing, and Typing ..........................283
Chapter 1: Exploring with the Painting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285
Discovering the Brush Tool ...............................................................................285
Introducing the Pencil and Brush Tools ..........................................................286
Finding out what the Pencil tool does ...................................................286
Using the Pencil tool ................................................................................288
Painting with the Brush tool ...................................................................289
Working with the Brushes Palette ....................................................................290
Choosing a Brush Tip Shape .............................................................................292
Putting It Together: Colorizing Black-and-White Images ..............................294
Creating Your Own Brush Preset ......................................................................297
Putting It Together: A Fast Way to Colorize Skin ...........................................299
Saving a New Brush Tip .....................................................................................300
Using the Preset Brushes ..................................................................................300
Managing Preset Brushes ..................................................................................302
Putting It Together: Getting the Red Out Without Eyedrops .......................304
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Chapter 2: Creating Vector Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307
Pixel and Vector Basics ......................................................................................307
Making Basic Shapes ..........................................................................................309
Choosing a preset shape to create .........................................................309
Choosing a shape mode ...........................................................................310
Drawing a preset shape ...........................................................................310
Drawing multiple shapes in a shapes layer ...........................................311
Setting Geometry Options .................................................................................312
Rectangular shape geometry options ....................................................312
Elliptical shape geometry options ..........................................................313
Polygon shape geometry options ...........................................................313
Line geometry options .............................................................................314
Creating Custom Shapes ....................................................................................315
Using preset custom shapes ...................................................................315
Creating your own custom shape ...........................................................316
Using vector masks ..................................................................................317
Manipulating Shapes ..........................................................................................318
Chapter 3: Filling and Stroking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319
Filling a Selection with the Foreground or Background Color ......................320
Filling Options and Tips .....................................................................................321
Pouring with the Paint Bucket Tool .................................................................322
Stroking a Selection ............................................................................................323
Knowing Your Stroking Options .......................................................................324
Filling and Stroking Paths ..................................................................................324
Filling a path ..............................................................................................324
Stroking a path ..........................................................................................325
Working with Gradients .....................................................................................327
Applying a preset gradient to a selection ..............................................328
Creating and editing gradients ................................................................329
Adding transparency to a gradient .........................................................332
Managing and Saving Gradients .......................................................................333
Working with Patterns .......................................................................................333
Applying a preset pattern ........................................................................334
Creating a new pattern .............................................................................335
Using the Pattern Maker filter .................................................................335
Generating a pattern ................................................................................337
Chapter 4: Creating and Editing Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339
Selecting a Type Mode .......................................................................................339
Understanding Different Kinds of Type ...........................................................340
Exploring the Type Tools ..................................................................................341
Entering Text in Point Type Mode ....................................................................341
Entering Text in Paragraph Type Mode ...........................................................343
Creating Type on or in a Path ...........................................................................344
Using the Options Bar ........................................................................................345
Table of Contents
Working with the Character Palette .................................................................346
Leading .......................................................................................................347
Tracking .....................................................................................................348
Kerning .......................................................................................................348
Vertical and Horizontal scale ..................................................................348
Baseline shift and text attributes ...........................................................349
Working with the Paragraph Palette ................................................................351
Changing paragraph alignment ...............................................................351
Changing paragraph justification ...........................................................352
Changing paragraph indentation ............................................................352
Changing spacing between paragraphs .................................................352
Breaking long words across two lines ....................................................352
Editing Text .........................................................................................................353
Finding and replacing text .......................................................................353
Checking your spelling .............................................................................354
Chapter 5: Masking, Shaping, and Warping Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355
Playing with Type Layer Opacity .....................................................................355
Creating Fade Effects ..................................................................................
®
ALL-IN-ONE DESK REFERENCE
FOR
DUMmIES
‰
by Barbara Obermeier
Photoshop CS
®
ALL-IN-ONE DESK REFERENCE
FOR
DUMmIES
‰
Photoshop CS
®
ALL-IN-ONE DESK REFERENCE
FOR
DUMmIES
‰
by Barbara Obermeier
Photoshop® CS All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies®
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
9111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774
www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2003115008
ISBN: 0-7645-4239-7
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1O/SQ/RR/QT/IN
About the Author
Barbara Obermeier is principal of Obermeier Design, a graphic design studio in
Ventura, California. She’s the author of Photoshop Album For Dummies, coauthor
of Adobe Master Class: Illustrator Illuminated, Photoshop 7 For Dummies, and
Illustrator 10 For Dummies. She has contributed as coauthor, technical editor, or
layout designer for numerous books. Barb also teaches computer graphics at the
University of California, Santa Barbara, and at Ventura College.
Dedication
I would like to dedicate this book to Gary, Kylie, and Lucky, who constantly
remind me of what’s really important in life.
Author’s Acknowledgments
I would like to thank my excellent project editor, Becky Huehls, who kept me and this
book on track; Bob Woerner, the world’s best Acquisitions Editor; Andy Cummings,
who gives Dummies a good name; David Busch, for his great contribution to the first
edition; David Herman, Technical Editor Extraordinaire; Barbara Terry, who made
everything I wrote sound better; and all the hard-working, dedicated production folks
at Wiley. A special thanks to Ted Padova, colleague, fellow author, and friend, who
always reminds me there is eventually an end to 40 chapters.
Publisher’s Acknowledgments
We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our online registration form located at
www.dummies.com/register/.
Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following:
Acquisitions, Editorial, and Media Development
Production
Associate Project Editor: Rebecca Huehls
Project Coordinator: Maridee Ennis
(Previous Edition: Nicole Haims)
(Previous Edition: Kim Darosett)
Layout and Graphics: Joyce Haughey,
Kristin McMullan, Barry Offringa,
Lynsey Osborn, Brent Savage,
Jacque Schneider, Mary Gillot Virgin,
Erin Zeltner
Technical Editor: David Herman
Proofreaders: Laura Albert, Debbye Butler
Editorial Manager: Leah Cameron
Indexer: Infodex Indexing Services Inc.
Permissions Editor: Carmen Krikorian
Special Help:
Daniela Richardson, Art Direction Manager,
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Acquisitions Editor: Bob Woerner
Copy Editor: Barbara Terry
Media Development Manager: Laura VanWinkle
Media Development Supervisor: Richard Graves
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Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com)
Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies
Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher
Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher
Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director
Publishing for Consumer Dummies
Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher
Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director
Composition Services
Gerry Fahey, Vice President of Production Services
Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services
Contents at a Glance
Introduction......................................................................1
Book I: Photoshop Fundamentals ........................................7
Chapter 1: Examining the Photoshop Environment .............................................................9
Chapter 2: Getting to Know the Tools Palette .....................................................................31
Chapter 3: Getting Started and Finishing Up .......................................................................51
Chapter 4: Getting It on Paper ...............................................................................................65
Chapter 5: Viewing and Navigating Images .........................................................................73
Chapter 6: Customizing Your Workspace and Preferences ...............................................99
Book II: Image Essentials...............................................117
Chapter 1: Specifying Size and Resolution ........................................................................119
Chapter 2: Choosing Color Modes and File Formats ........................................................139
Chapter 3: Using and Managing Color ................................................................................161
Chapter 4: Time Travel — Undoing in Photoshop ...........................................................187
Chapter 5: Applying Annotations and Notes .....................................................................199
Chapter 6: Creating Actions for Productivity and Fun .....................................................203
Book III: Selections .......................................................217
Chapter 1: Making Selections ..............................................................................................219
Chapter 2: Creating and Working with Paths ....................................................................237
Chapter 3: Modifying and Transforming Selections and Paths ......................................261
Book IV: Painting, Drawing, and Typing .........................283
Chapter 1: Exploring with the Painting Tools ...................................................................285
Chapter 2: Creating Vector Shapes .....................................................................................307
Chapter 3: Filling and Stroking ............................................................................................319
Chapter 4: Creating and Editing Type ................................................................................339
Chapter 5: Masking, Shaping, and Warping Type .............................................................355
Book V: Working with Layers .........................................369
Chapter 1: Creating Layers ..................................................................................................371
Chapter 2: Managing Layers ................................................................................................393
Chapter 3: Playing with Opacity and Blend Modes ..........................................................417
Chapter 4: Getting Jazzy with Layer Styles and Clipping Groups ..................................433
Book VI: Channels and Masks ........................................457
Chapter 1: Using Channels ..................................................................................................459
Chapter 2: Quick and Dirty Masking ..................................................................................479
Chapter 3: Getting Exact with Advanced Masking Techniques ......................................497
Book VII: Filters and Distortions.....................................513
Chapter 1: Making Corrections with Daily Filters .............................................................515
Chapter 2: Applying Filters for Special Occasions ...........................................................533
Chapter 3: Distorting with the Liquify Command .............................................................567
Book VIII: Retouching and Restoration ...........................579
Chapter 1: Enhancing Images with Adjustments ..............................................................581
Chapter 2: Repairing with the Focus and Toning Tools ...................................................619
Chapter 3: Fixing Flaws and Imperfections .......................................................................631
Book IX: Photoshop and the Web ....................................643
Chapter 1: Prepping Web Graphics ....................................................................................645
Chapter 2: Optimizing Images with Save for Web .............................................................661
Chapter 3: Slicing Your Image .............................................................................................675
Chapter 4: Creating a Web Photo Gallery ..........................................................................691
Chapter 5: Looking to ImageReady .....................................................................................697
Book X: Photoshop and Print ..........................................705
Chapter 1: Working with Other Programs .........................................................................707
Chapter 2: Prepping Graphics for Print .............................................................................721
Chapter 3: Creating Contact Sheets, Picture Packages, and More .................................737
Appendix A: Working with Digital Cameras
and Scanners ...............................................................749
Appendix B: A Visual Reference of Photoshop Tools .........759
Index............................................................................775
Table of Contents
Introduction ......................................................................1
About This Book .....................................................................................................1
Numbered steps ............................................................................................2
Putting It Together ........................................................................................2
What’s in This Book ...............................................................................................2
Book I: Photoshop Fundamentals ...............................................................3
Book II: Image Essentials .............................................................................3
Book III: Selections .......................................................................................3
Book IV: Painting, Drawing, and Typing .....................................................3
Book V: Working with Layers ......................................................................3
Book VI: Channels and Masks .....................................................................4
Book VII: Filters and Distortions .................................................................4
Book VIII: Retouching and Restoration ......................................................4
Book IX: Photoshop and the Web ...............................................................4
Book X: Photoshop and Print ......................................................................4
Appendix A: Working with Digital Cameras and Scanners ......................5
Appendix B: A Visual Reference of Photoshop Tools ...............................5
Color Insert ....................................................................................................5
Conventions Used in This Book ...........................................................................5
Icons Used in This Book ........................................................................................6
Where to Go from Here ..........................................................................................6
Book I: Photoshop Fundamentals.........................................7
Chapter 1: Examining the Photoshop Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Getting a Warm Welcome .......................................................................................9
Launching Photoshop and Customizing the Desktop .....................................10
Setting display settings with the Window menu .....................................12
Setting up the status bar ............................................................................14
Dissecting Dialog Box Jargon ..............................................................................15
Playing with Palettes ............................................................................................16
Working with Your First Photoshop File ............................................................18
Opening and saving files ............................................................................18
Making selections .......................................................................................20
Making simple image edits ........................................................................21
Making changes by using the Image menu ..............................................22
Creating layers ............................................................................................23
Applying filters ............................................................................................24
Simplifying your edits with the Options bar ...........................................26
Proofing and finalizing the image .............................................................27
Accessing Help When You Need It .....................................................................28
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Chapter 2: Getting to Know the Tools Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Turning On the Tools Palette ..............................................................................31
Selecting tools .............................................................................................31
Getting to know your tools ........................................................................33
Introducing the Photoshop Tools ......................................................................34
Using selection tools ..................................................................................34
Creating and modifying paths ...................................................................36
Using painting tools ....................................................................................38
Using tools for cloning and retouching ....................................................39
Creating effects with typographical tools ...............................................41
Using focus and toning tools .....................................................................42
Creating shapes ..........................................................................................44
Viewing, navigating, sampling, and annotating tools .............................45
Using tools for the Web ..............................................................................47
Saving Time with Tool Presets ............................................................................48
Creating custom tool presets ....................................................................48
Managing your presets ...............................................................................49
Chapter 3: Getting Started and Finishing Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Browsing for Files .................................................................................................51
Opening an Image .................................................................................................52
Opening special files ..................................................................................54
Opening a Photo CD image ........................................................................55
Placing Files ...........................................................................................................56
Creating a New Image ...........................................................................................58
Saving a File ...........................................................................................................60
Applying Digital Copyrights ................................................................................62
Closing and Quitting .............................................................................................63
Chapter 4: Getting It on Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Taking a Look at Printers .....................................................................................65
Printing an Image ..................................................................................................66
Page Setup in Microsoft Windows ............................................................67
Page Setup in the Mac OS ..........................................................................67
Setting Printing Options ......................................................................................68
Chapter 5: Viewing and Navigating Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Looking at the Image Window .............................................................................73
Zooming In and Out of Image Windows .............................................................75
Zooming tricks ............................................................................................77
Handling the Hand tool ..............................................................................77
Cruising with the Navigator Palette ...................................................................78
Choosing a Screen Mode .....................................................................................79
Getting Precise Layout Results ...........................................................................81
Creating guides ...........................................................................................81
Using guides ................................................................................................83
Using grids ...................................................................................................83
Measuring On-Screen ...........................................................................................84
Table of Contents
Using the Info Palette ...........................................................................................86
Working with Extras .............................................................................................87
Managing Images with the File Browser ............................................................88
Brief Anatomy of the File Browser ............................................................89
Configuring the File Browser Window .....................................................90
Using the menu bar and buttons ..............................................................90
Working with Metadata ..............................................................................95
Using Keywords ..........................................................................................97
Chapter 6: Customizing Your Workspace and Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Creating Workspace Presets ...............................................................................99
Saving and Deleting Presets ..............................................................................100
Setting Your Preferences ...................................................................................100
Setting general preferences .....................................................................101
Deciding how you want files handled ....................................................104
Adjusting your display and cursors .......................................................106
Adjusting transparency and gamut ........................................................107
Setting measurement preferences ..........................................................108
Setting up guides, grids, and slices ........................................................109
Plug-Ins and Scratch Disks ................................................................................111
Plug-ins .......................................................................................................111
Scratch disks .............................................................................................112
Changing Memory and Cache Settings ............................................................112
Managing memory ....................................................................................113
Setting aside memory for storing screen images .................................113
Setting File Browser Preferences ......................................................................114
Using the Preset Manager ..................................................................................114
Customizing Keyboard Shortcuts ....................................................................115
Book II: Image Essentials ...............................................117
Chapter 1: Specifying Size and Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Putting Images under the Microscope .............................................................119
Vector images ............................................................................................120
Raster images ............................................................................................121
Viewing Raster Images On-Screen ....................................................................122
Using the Image Size Command ........................................................................124
Resampling Images .............................................................................................126
Adding pixels to an image .......................................................................127
Taking pixels out of an image ..................................................................128
Resizing Images with the Resize Image Wizard ..............................................130
Changing the Canvas Size ..................................................................................130
Cropping an Image .............................................................................................132
Using the Crop tool ...................................................................................133
Cropping with the Marquee tool .............................................................135
Using the Trim command ........................................................................135
Using the Crop and Straighten Photo Command ..................................137
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Chapter 2: Choosing Color Modes and File Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
Understanding Color Theory ............................................................................139
Knowing RGB basics .................................................................................139
Knowing CMYK basics .............................................................................140
Selecting a Color Mode in Photoshop .............................................................141
RGB Color ..................................................................................................141
CMYK Color ...............................................................................................142
Grayscale ...................................................................................................142
Monotone, Duotone, Tritone, and Quadtone ........................................142
Indexed Color ............................................................................................143
Lab Color ...................................................................................................143
Bitmap ........................................................................................................143
Multichannel ..............................................................................................145
Converting to a Different Color Mode ..............................................................145
Converting from RGB to CMYK ...............................................................145
Converting to Grayscale ..........................................................................146
Converting to Indexed Color .............................................................................147
Using the Conditional Mode Change Command .............................................147
Choosing the Right File Format ........................................................................148
TIFF .............................................................................................................148
JPEG ............................................................................................................151
JPEG 2000 ...................................................................................................151
GIF ...............................................................................................................152
EPS ..............................................................................................................152
PDF: The Universal Donor .......................................................................153
Photoshop .................................................................................................155
Photoshop Raw .........................................................................................155
Camera Raw ...............................................................................................156
PICT ............................................................................................................157
BMP ............................................................................................................158
Large Document Format (PSB) ...............................................................158
The others .................................................................................................158
Chapter 3: Using and Managing Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
Dealing with Foreground and Background Colors .........................................161
Defining Color .....................................................................................................163
Poking around the Color Picker ..............................................................163
Mixing with the Color palette ..................................................................164
Grabbing color from the Swatches palette ............................................167
Lifting and sampling color ......................................................................168
Using the Color Sampler tool to measure color ...................................169
Color Management Essentials ...........................................................................171
Setting up your work environment .........................................................172
Calibrating your monitor .........................................................................173
Establishing Your Settings .................................................................................175
Handling Photoshop’s predefined settings ...........................................176
Indicating your working spaces ..............................................................177
After You Define Your Settings ..........................................................................179
Setting Color Management Policies .................................................................180
Table of Contents
Getting Consistent Color Among Adobe Applications ..................................183
Reassigning, Removing, or Converting Color Profiles ...................................184
Soft Proofing Colors ...........................................................................................185
Chapter 4: Time Travel — Undoing in Photoshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
Undoing What’s Done .........................................................................................187
Using the Undo command .......................................................................187
Reverting to what’s saved .......................................................................188
Working with the Almighty History Palette ....................................................189
Understanding states and snapshots .....................................................189
Changing the default number of steps that
the History palette displays ................................................................189
Introducing History palette options and tools .....................................190
Viewing an Image’s Various States ...................................................................191
Going back to a particular state .............................................................191
Reviewing your image at different states ..............................................191
Removing a state ......................................................................................191
Clearing all states .....................................................................................191
Navigating the history list .......................................................................192
Looking at the History Options Dialog Box .....................................................192
Taking Snapshots ................................................................................................193
Restoring Part of an Image ................................................................................194
Using the Eraser with the Erase to History option ..............................195
Using the History Brush tool ...................................................................195
Using the Fill to History feature ..............................................................196
Using the Art History Brush tool ............................................................197
Chapter 5: Applying Annotations and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
Having Your Say with Notes and Audio Annotations .....................................199
Creating a text annotation .......................................................................200
Creating an audio note .............................................................................201
Importing and Exporting PDF Files with Annotations ...................................202
Chapter 6: Creating Actions for Productivity and Fun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
Using the Actions Palette ..................................................................................203
Getting to know List mode ......................................................................204
Examining an action in List mode ...........................................................205
Introducing Preset Actions ................................................................................206
Preset action options ...............................................................................207
Loading preset actions .............................................................................207
Playing a preset action .............................................................................208
Creating a New Action .......................................................................................208
Editing and Managing Actions ..........................................................................209
Re-recording an action .............................................................................210
Editing an action .......................................................................................211
Saving actions ...........................................................................................211
Batch Processing Actions ..................................................................................212
Creating Droplets ................................................................................................215
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Book III: Selections........................................................217
Chapter 1: Making Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219
Defining Selections .............................................................................................219
Marqueeing When You Can ...............................................................................220
Using the Rectangular Marquee tool ......................................................220
Using the Elliptical Marquee tool ...........................................................221
Using the Single Column and Single Row Marquee tools ....................222
Using the marquee options .....................................................................223
Lassoing When You Can’t ..................................................................................226
Selecting straight sides with the Polygon Lasso tool ..........................229
Attracting with the Magnetic Lasso tool ...............................................230
Adjusting the Magnetic Lasso options ...................................................231
Performing Wand Wizardry ...............................................................................233
Selecting with the Magic Wand tool .......................................................233
Setting your Tolerance .............................................................................234
Using the Magic Wand Options bar ........................................................236
Chapter 2: Creating and Working with Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Introducing Paths ...............................................................................................237
Creating a Path with the Pen Tool ....................................................................239
Knowing your Pen tool options ..............................................................239
Creating your first work path ..................................................................239
Drawing curves .........................................................................................241
Connecting a straight segment to a curve segment .............................243
Connecting curve segments with cusp points ......................................244
Closing a path ............................................................................................245
Creating subpaths .....................................................................................245
Working with the Paths Palette ........................................................................246
Creating a path ..........................................................................................247
Creating a new path ..................................................................................247
Saving a work path ...................................................................................247
Deleting, duplicating, and renaming a path ..........................................247
Stroking a path ..........................................................................................248
Filling a path ..............................................................................................248
Loading Paths as Selections ..............................................................................249
Making a Selection into a Path ..........................................................................251
Using the Kinder Freeform Pen .........................................................................251
Curve Fit .....................................................................................................252
Magnetic ....................................................................................................253
Width, Contrast, Frequency, and Pen Pressure ....................................253
Creating Paths without the Pen ........................................................................253
Editing Paths .......................................................................................................255
Using the Options Bar ........................................................................................258
Clipping Out the Unwanted ...............................................................................259
Table of Contents
Chapter 3: Modifying and Transforming Selections and Paths . . . . . . .261
Achieving Selection Perfection .........................................................................261
Adding to a selection ................................................................................262
Subtracting from a selection ...................................................................263
Intersecting two selections .....................................................................264
Getting the Keys to Behave ...............................................................................265
Adding a perfectly square or circular selection ...................................266
Deleting from an existing selection while drawing from
the center out ........................................................................................266
Using the Select Menu ........................................................................................267
Selecting All or Nothing .....................................................................................268
Reselecting a selection .............................................................................268
Swapping a selection ................................................................................268
Feathering a selection ..............................................................................269
Using the Modify commands ...................................................................270
Applying the Grow and Similar commands ...........................................272
Moving and Cloning Selections .........................................................................273
Cloning .......................................................................................................274
Moving the selection outline, but not the pixels ..................................274
Transforming Pixels ...........................................................................................274
Transforming Selection Marquees ...................................................................277
Transforming Paths ............................................................................................278
All paths .....................................................................................................278
Single path .................................................................................................278
Part of a path .............................................................................................279
Putting It Together: Removing a Person
(Without Getting in Trouble with the Law) .................................................280
Book IV: Painting, Drawing, and Typing ..........................283
Chapter 1: Exploring with the Painting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285
Discovering the Brush Tool ...............................................................................285
Introducing the Pencil and Brush Tools ..........................................................286
Finding out what the Pencil tool does ...................................................286
Using the Pencil tool ................................................................................288
Painting with the Brush tool ...................................................................289
Working with the Brushes Palette ....................................................................290
Choosing a Brush Tip Shape .............................................................................292
Putting It Together: Colorizing Black-and-White Images ..............................294
Creating Your Own Brush Preset ......................................................................297
Putting It Together: A Fast Way to Colorize Skin ...........................................299
Saving a New Brush Tip .....................................................................................300
Using the Preset Brushes ..................................................................................300
Managing Preset Brushes ..................................................................................302
Putting It Together: Getting the Red Out Without Eyedrops .......................304
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Chapter 2: Creating Vector Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307
Pixel and Vector Basics ......................................................................................307
Making Basic Shapes ..........................................................................................309
Choosing a preset shape to create .........................................................309
Choosing a shape mode ...........................................................................310
Drawing a preset shape ...........................................................................310
Drawing multiple shapes in a shapes layer ...........................................311
Setting Geometry Options .................................................................................312
Rectangular shape geometry options ....................................................312
Elliptical shape geometry options ..........................................................313
Polygon shape geometry options ...........................................................313
Line geometry options .............................................................................314
Creating Custom Shapes ....................................................................................315
Using preset custom shapes ...................................................................315
Creating your own custom shape ...........................................................316
Using vector masks ..................................................................................317
Manipulating Shapes ..........................................................................................318
Chapter 3: Filling and Stroking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319
Filling a Selection with the Foreground or Background Color ......................320
Filling Options and Tips .....................................................................................321
Pouring with the Paint Bucket Tool .................................................................322
Stroking a Selection ............................................................................................323
Knowing Your Stroking Options .......................................................................324
Filling and Stroking Paths ..................................................................................324
Filling a path ..............................................................................................324
Stroking a path ..........................................................................................325
Working with Gradients .....................................................................................327
Applying a preset gradient to a selection ..............................................328
Creating and editing gradients ................................................................329
Adding transparency to a gradient .........................................................332
Managing and Saving Gradients .......................................................................333
Working with Patterns .......................................................................................333
Applying a preset pattern ........................................................................334
Creating a new pattern .............................................................................335
Using the Pattern Maker filter .................................................................335
Generating a pattern ................................................................................337
Chapter 4: Creating and Editing Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339
Selecting a Type Mode .......................................................................................339
Understanding Different Kinds of Type ...........................................................340
Exploring the Type Tools ..................................................................................341
Entering Text in Point Type Mode ....................................................................341
Entering Text in Paragraph Type Mode ...........................................................343
Creating Type on or in a Path ...........................................................................344
Using the Options Bar ........................................................................................345
Table of Contents
Working with the Character Palette .................................................................346
Leading .......................................................................................................347
Tracking .....................................................................................................348
Kerning .......................................................................................................348
Vertical and Horizontal scale ..................................................................348
Baseline shift and text attributes ...........................................................349
Working with the Paragraph Palette ................................................................351
Changing paragraph alignment ...............................................................351
Changing paragraph justification ...........................................................352
Changing paragraph indentation ............................................................352
Changing spacing between paragraphs .................................................352
Breaking long words across two lines ....................................................352
Editing Text .........................................................................................................353
Finding and replacing text .......................................................................353
Checking your spelling .............................................................................354
Chapter 5: Masking, Shaping, and Warping Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355
Playing with Type Layer Opacity .....................................................................355
Creating Fade Effects ..................................................................................