Teachers Guidance in Building the Independence
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
Teachers Guidance in Building the Independence of Early Childhoods
Abstract
Sri Sumarni
Yik59unsri@yahoo.co.id
Early childhood education is the foundation for further education. The role of
educators is essential in helping children grow and develop optimally. Since
teachers faced various situations that occur either inside or outside of
classroom, the lack of the children independences seems on the first day of
school such as they cry because they do not want to part with their parents
and do not want to socialize with their new friends. For specific example in
kindergarten, its teachers have two roles which are as a educator and a
supervisor. Implementation of the guidance on kindergarten children are
unique process since it is done through playing. This is different from
counselling teacher in High school, the guidance are not only given to
problematic students but also given to those who have good potential and
talent. For that reason, the kindergarten teachers should especially have
knowledge about the guidance. The success of the guidance is also
determined by the roles of parents who do not provide overload protections, do
not ban them much, and give freedom to them to develop in accordance with
the stage of their development. Next generation is expected to come into the
generation that is strong, independent, smart thinking, smart sports, smart
social, and emotional and spiritual. Thus it can help them find their identity, so
that it can adapt early and will see their potential, interests and talents.
Finding their right learning patterns will anticipate and diagnose problematic
behaviour.
Keywords: independence, play, guidance for kindergartner1.
A. Introduction
children's life. At this time, the
children can quickly accept what is
heard or seen. Unlike proposed by
Bredekamp (1987), he categorized
early period of birth to eight years.
In Indonesia, early childhood
is defined from birth to six years
since the ages are unique for
1 Lecturer
Early Childhoods of FKIP UNSRI
1
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
This age is called golden age in
human life. The children will not
grow and develop on themselves
without the help of adults especially
from educators (teachers and
parents), they need help, and
deliberately
created
a
fertile
environment
to
develop
their
potential.
To
allow
an
optimal
development potential as stated in
Law of Indonesia Republic Number
20 of 2003 on National Education
System notes that the National
Education serves to develop skills
and form the character and
civilization. Aiming at developing
students' potentials in order to
become a human being faithful and
devoted to God Almighty, noble,
healthy, knowledgeable, skilled,
creative,
independent
and
democratic
citizenship
and
responsible.
The fact that there is now in
kindergarten observations X on
October 12, 2012, most educators
instead of Strata 1 of Early
Childhood Education (ECD), there
are still high school graduates or
equivalent. Upgrading or training in
early childhood education is very
rarely followed by the agency, due
to the limitations of the information
obtained, there is still proximity to
happen from the top down, so there
are
rarely
early
childhood
institutions of training conducted by
the
Education
Department
of
Province and Palembang City. In
Junior high school (SMP) and senior
high school (SMA), there are
counseling teacher (BK) specifically
address the problems that occurred,
while there is none in kindergarten.
2
The lack of knowledge about
the guidance of teachers made the
teacher let the problems in class so
protracted and did not know how to
solve them. All this will impede and
influence
subsequent
child
development. Teachers have limited
knowledge of Counseling Guidance
(BK) so that the implementations of
kindergarten teachers do not have
guidelines in performing their daily
duties because there is no visible
difference between guidance with
their lessons (Source: kindergarten
teacher X).
Teachers must have a broad
knowledge guidance, to understand
the stages of child development
through training, so that they can
use the right approach in handling
the child's independence. The same
thing is suggested by Sukardi
(2008) stated that guidance of a
process of providing sustainable
assistance to individuals in order to
understand himself, so he could
drive
himself
and
can
act
appropriately, according to the
school, family and society in
general. It was due to the lack of a
partnership between the school and
parents. Sometimes the relationship
is often mischaracterized as a
relationship-oriented
to
the
interests of the child not only to the
quality of a child's development.
To
achieve
the
above,
especially for Kindergarten and
Playgroup
required
counsellor
teachers (BK) for children who go to
the school. Dariyo (2007) told that
in major cities such as Surabaya,
Jakarta, it had found cases of
autism, stress, ADHD (Attention
Deficit Disorder and Hyper active
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
and dependent children. For the
existence of guidance teachers,
counselors will help responsive child
psychological problems, both nonacademic and academic one. If it
had been handled better from the
kindergarten to the high school
level, the above problem will be
easily overcome.
Teachers in developing the
child's independence sometimes
are often not supported by the
parents; it seems habits when it
comes to school children to take off
their own shoes have always helped
their parents or caregivers. Children
do not want to eat because they
have to be fed by their parents,
hand washing was assisted. In
terms of kindergarten children
should be given independence
slowly so that they will have the
ability to be expected. The attitude
of the parents is too dear to their
children;
it
always
provides
overload protection preventing the
development of them.
From the reality of the above,
kindergarten teachers should have
knowledge of the guidance, giving
motivation,
self-confidence
to
children to conduct their own
activities. Thus the children are
accustomed to do at home or school
and teachers watched, so that
children can develop well in
accordance with the potential. Selfreliance is the ability to perform
activities of daily alone or as little
guidance in accordance with the
stage of development and capacity.
(Retrieved October 27 2012 from
http
/
/
repository.upi.edu/operator/upload/s
/pls/capter2.pdf).
3
Dependence on others would
undermine the development of the
children. They are given the
opportunity to choose among a
variety of learning through play
activities planned teachers well. By
playing,
they
can
develop
independent attitude: for example
finished playing children will put
back the tools that are used to play
in place, if this is done constantly
then the learning activities will be
settled in the child that made an
impression on the child, for that, in
kindergarten teachers need a
special counsellor teachers in
helping
children
develop
the
independence, according to the
stage
of
the
children’s
development.
B. Problems
The problem of this paper is: how
do teachers provide guidance in
developing
independence
early
childhood?
C. Purpose
Providing knowledge to educators
regarding the provision of guidance
in
early
childhood
develop
independence.
D. Discussion
1. Definition of Play and SelfIndependence
In kindergarten teachers help
children
in
managing
the
development dimension, of course,
there are ways that teachers can do
so that the child can grow optimally
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
4
is through play. According Santroc
(2003) play is a fun activity that is
involved for its own sake. This
means that children do fun without
seeing results. Agreed that put
forward by Hurlock (2008) play is
any activity that is obtained for the
pleasure
caused
without
considering the end result. So he
wanted to have fun after the kids
play without expecting the final
results. Unlike, adults play to
achieve the final result. Meanwhile,
according to Froberg in Dockett &
Fleer (2000), playing for children is
a symbolic meaning, active, fun,
voluntary, limited regulation, and
episodic or in fragments. It is clear
by Fleer that children do on their
own play activities, children were
active laughing with her friend and
obtained
pleasure
and
can
eliminate frustrating. As stated by
M. Jefree (1994) said the play is also
a safety valve that prevents
frustration. Of course we are talking
about children who continue to
passionate play.
individual's ability to think and act
in a way capable of taking
decisions. Develop them and adapt
constructively with environmental
norms
performed.
Retrieved
October 27 2012 from http / /
repository.upi.edu/operator/upload/s
/pls/capter2.pdf.
From the above opinion may
be said to play is an activity
performed
by
the
delightful
children, without coercion did not
expect the end result: by playing
children learn to be independent,
responsible, honest, sporty, so it
can grow the good of all aspects of
the development of cognitive,
language, social, emotional and
spiritual.
Each
child
has
characteristics, the
Self-Independence
According
to
Yusuf,
independence is a characteristic of
a healthy personality. Reflected the
Self-reliance is closely related
to the self concept, self-appreciation
and self-regulating. Children will
understand the demands of the
environment against them and
adjust their behavior, Retrieved
October 27 2012 from http / /
repository.upi.edu/operator/upload/s
/pls/capter2.pdf.
Clearly
the
meaning of independence is the
ability to do its job on its own
without the help of others is closely
related to how to organize, and to
understand them so that they can
adjust to their environment.
2. How to Develop
independence
Children
its
own
child with others differ both
potential
and
growth
rhythm
owned. The development of each
dimension does not stand alone, but
interact with each kind of cognitive,
physical, social, emotional and
language. Language development
in children is a tool to express
something to others. Through
language children can understand
what is desired by others. For
example, teachers expressed after
2 (two) weeks of school children
learn on their own and no longer
waiting for a parent or caregiver
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
and doing activities with friends and
teachers, children are expected to
start showing courage, socialize and
independence. This is in line with
the statement Musbikin (2012) that
the competition is getting skin fold
and increasingly strong competition,
expected more independence and
courage to be different from the
others should appear.
From the above as educators
should provide motivation and
freedom to children to conduct their
own activities, so children are
trained to be independent, and
daring to express themselves.
Children are expected to learn, who
have mental health, quality of
character and later qualified as a
contribution to the nation. The
development of children's language
has
a
close
context
with
independence
as
a
language
children
can
understand
the
message expected by educators. If
the child's language development is
hampered, the development of
intellectual, social and emotional
are not honed. In kindergarten
teachers help children improve all
dimensions of development are
optimally by playing. For example,
when children are playing blocks in
groups to create a form home,
according to the child's ability. Here
will be an interaction among
children and dare to express
opinions, the opinions of friends,
help each other, and give each
other. Through the play, they can
develop
aspects
of
language,
cognitive, social, emotional, and art.
Language Barriers in effect
on the developmental aspects have
been programmed by the teacher,
5
because not all children are
expected
to
understand
the
message in order to cause barriers
in developing the physical functions
of motor, intellectual, social, and
language. This will be a barrier for a
kindergarten teacher who has no
knowledge of counselling. The
problems faced by the child's
independence would leave without
any attempt to address it. So the
problem will be more complicated
and would interfere with the child's
development.
For
that
kindergarten
teachers should have the ability to
provide tutoring services. Guidance
in kindergarten has characteristics
tailored to the child's development.
So, the pattern of assistance
provided should be tailored to the
child's mindset. Teachers have
flexibility in solving the case at
hand. According Semiawan (2009)
stated that flexibility can change
things in a way or a different
approach. So do children's flexibility
would require the courage to
change the way in solving the
problem at hand. The goal is that
the problem can be solved quickly
and accurately. In addition, teachers
must also have the creativity that
can think creatively, quickly and
appropriately in helping children.
Agreed to say Csikszentmihlyai
(1996) are some measures of
creativity, ideas, or products that
change from the old domain to the
new domain. So people are saying if
capable of creative thinking or
acting experience changes from one
domain to a new one.
and
Implementation of programs
counseling
services
in
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
kindergarten is different from the
implementation
in
the
higher
schools.
Officers’
guidance
in
kindergarten is still very rare for
that educators should be able to
carry out learning activities in the
form of guidance and training.
During this time many kindergarten
teachers are stuck on an erroneous
concept
of
guidance.
Where
teachers are able to take over the
problems faced by children, but
forget the function just help to solve
the problems of children. The error
has been sufficiently widespread
concept
that
was
considered
normal. For example: the child does
not want to take the books and
teachers do not get the book.
However, to help children that they
take themselves by providing a
comparison of other children who
took their own books. In accordance
with the statement Syaodih (2005)
conceived
through
several
phenomena
following
the
implementation guidance:
1. Learning in kindergarten should
be basically implemented in shades
play. Counseling services as part of
the learning process can be
separated from the need to use
shades to play;
2. Role of peers in helping tackle
their problems in kindergarten is
dominant because of its high
association
with
peers;
3. Children depend on the person,
for it limits the child's parents in
problem
solving.
According to Campbell (1996)
at the time the child is experiencing
rapid growth process. Children have
6
a lot of convenience in receiving
various stimuli that will affect brain
function. In connection with the
development of brain function,
especially
women
are
more
dominant role in influencing the
child in the womb. According
Fatmah (2006) the family is the first
and foremost place for children to
get an education. Psychological
satisfaction derived from the family
will determine how the child reacts
to the environment. The family is
where children get the love; care
and protection of children here are
also getting positive habits so that
children
become
independent.
Families
should
provide
opportunities for children to develop
through play optimally.
Guidance
is
given
in
kindergarten through play. Kids
have fun without any element of
coercion from others, regardless of
the end result so as to develop all
aspects. By doing play activities
kids can have a positive selfconcept so that he can adjust.
According
Symond
cited
by
Muntholi'ah (2002), self-concept
includes four aspects, namely: (1)
how people observe in the image
itself is stored as a part of itself, (2)
how people will think of himself, (3)
how people judge themselves, and
(4) how people tried in various ways
to refine and defend itself.
From above opinion, the child
will understand him very well so it
can fit in, have a positive selfconcept is embedded in the family
at an early age so that children are
ready to enter school age as stated
by Piaget in Semiawan (2002),
children aged 2-5 years said to be
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
the first critical period in the life
chart can be passed as well, the
social development is characterized
by its own desire and fantasy world,
which will develop a healthy fantasy
life that is finally ready to enter
school
age.
Adjustment
child
naturally begins in the womb
because it has been functioning
sense of hearing during the
contraction.
Line proposed by Samples
(2002) that children aged 0-2 years,
the first five senses function is
Hearing. Hearing of children has
been working since 4 months in the
womb. After hearing functioning
senses, it causes the child to
interact with his mother through
cues kick which resulted in a
contraction. Children have learned
to understand their environment,
especially what is perceived by the
mother when the child was born has
been blessed with the brain and the
brain has to work to control human
activities, recognize, and interpret
all the natural phenomena of this
complex world. So the brain works
by regulating the activity of all
human organs.
Each part of the brain is not
independent, but the brain works
related to each other and made up
of billions of brain cells (neurons)
that develop up to 2 years ago
when stopped and formed nerve
cells
(nerve
sell
connection).
According to Campbell (2001), the
brain
development
of
young
children aged 0-2 years old child
has about 100 billion neurons at
birth.
7
Children are able to say the
word over and over again with an
expression. Repeated actions are
useful to develop the ability to
coordinate between the mind and
the ability to speak. So educators
should
continue
to
actively
stimulate the development of
children's language by saying the
appropriate vocabulary and context
in which it is clear that the full
understanding of the language
proficiency level will accelerate
child's language skills. According
Samples (2002) brain development
of children aged 3-4 years had
formed lines with strong brain
connections
with
associative
network. So it can be said that it is
through language that children can
understand
better
what
was
ordered brain. Teachers in this case
it would be easier to give the
message to the child so that the
child would be easy to do with such
independence can be developed
properly. For example, the teacher
said that until the school opened its
own shoe and put it in a shoe rack.
Clothes completed home school put
in place. Put the dishes after dinner
in place. Children this age can do
two at once two commands
properly. Because neurons are
connected to it need stimulation of
educators would be very helpful, as
raised by these experts.
According to Hale (2004) at
the age of 3-4 years is happening is
the child's basic neuron system has
been connected properly. Then the
neural network if the child has
begun
to
spread
stimulated
according
to
the
stage
of
development and needs of children.
For that family plays an important
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
role in protecting children as stated
by Meliala (2012) each parent has
the instinct to protect children from
harm
for
the
child
to
live
comfortably. Child's desire to be
independent from an early age to
be supported by the right way, what
do we do when he needs help?
What do we do when the result is
less good? So it is clear that the
family serves as a protector for
members of the family of the
disorder. In putting their own
children in the family means
finished playing, without the help of
others.
According to Morrison (2008)
goal of independence, (1) to help
children become self-sufficient in a
way to encourage children to do
everything themselves, (2) Provide
access to the freedom of the child in
accordance with the equipment or
materials,
(3)
Ask
the
child
responsible
for
the
retrieval,
collection and arrangement of
material.
In
kindergarten
was
introduced to the culture of the
child and the wider world it aims to
prepare children in dealing with
academic
learning
in
further
education. Conditions confirmed
that the field of neuron science has
shown the human brain function
and organization of work related to
the development and advancement
of
early
childhood
education.
According
Semiawan
(2009),
learning process is to strengthen
relationships between synapse. If
the neurons are not stimulated or
connected, the neurons will die.
So it is clear that the role of
educators is critical in developing a
child's independence by providing
8
the proper stimulation so that the
child can be independent in
performing duties in accordance
with the development. Professional
teachers are required in this case to
provide guidance to children, also
get a reward. It is also said by
James & Walters (2010), it is largely
determined
by
professional
teachers, salaries and benefits
policy set. Government's attention
to the existence of a professional
certification
as a
teacher is
expected to help all the problems
that
occurred
in
the
early
kindergarten that will be resolved
by either including gifted children.
E. conclusion
Early childhood education is
the
foundation
for
further
embedding
next
education.
Educators in this term are very
important role in developing a
child's independence. There are
several
things
to
develop
independence kindergarten, among
others: (1) encourage children to do
everything themselves, (2) giving
freedom of access to the child in
accordance with the equipment or
materials, (3) asking the children to
be responsible for the retrieval,
collection and arrangement of the
materials . Independence would be
realized
if
the
harmonious
cooperation between home and
school.
Guidance
is
given
individually, preferably with shades
playing, and handled by specialized
personnel starting from an early
age because if any will result fatal
for further developments. The
existence counselor in kindergarten
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
at least will minimize delinquency,
behavior problems, potential and
special talents possessed child can
be detected early so that it will be
handled well as dishonesty and
dependence that corruption is
rampant lately discussed. It is
hoped the next generation would be
independent without intervention
from other parties. They would
become leaders who can make
decisions quickly, correctly and not
harm others.
F. References
Bredekamp,
Sue.
(1987).
Developmentally
Appropriate
Practice in Erarly Chilhood
Program Serving Children From
Birth Through Age 8 . Washington:
NAYC.
Campbell, Don. (2001). Efek Mozart
bagi
Anak-anak
Meningkatkan Daya Pikir,
Kesehatan dan Kreativitas
Anak Melalui Musik. Alih
Bahasa: Alex, Bandung: Kaifa.
Campbell, Linda Bruce Campbell
dan Dee Dickinson. (1996).
Teaching & Learning Though
Multiple Intelligences. United
Sattes of America: Allyn &
Bacon.
Csikszentmihlyi,
Mihaly.
(1996).
Creativity:
Flow
The
Psychology of Discovery and
Invention. New York: Harper
and Collins Publisher.
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Dariyo, Agoes. (2007). Psikologi
Perkembangan Anak Tiga
Tahun Pertama. Bandung:
Refika Aditama.
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Fatmah, Nung. (2006). Psikologi
Perkembangan
(Perkembangan
Peserta
Didik). Bandung: CV Pustaka
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Hale, James B. dan chaterine A
Fiorello.
(2004).
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Handbook.
New
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:
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Hurlock,
Elisabeth
B.
(2008).
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Jefree, Drotthy M Roy McConkey dan
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James J. Jones & Donald L. Walters.
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Manusia dalam Pendidikan.
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Melliala, Andyda. (2012). Successful
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Residence.
Muntholi’ah. (2002). Konsep Diri
Positif Penunjang Prestasi.
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Yayasan Al-Qalam.
Morrison,
George
S.
(2008).
Fundamentals
of
Early
Childhood Education. 5 th
Edition. New Jersey, Merrill
Prentice-Hall.
Musbikin, Imam (2012). Pintar
Mengatasi Masalah; Tumbuh
Kembang Anak. Jogyakarta;
FlashBooks.
Samples, Bob. (2002). Revolusi
belajar untuk anak: Panduan
Belajar
Sambil
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Untuk
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Semiawan,
Conny.
(2009).
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______________(2002).
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(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
Teachers Guidance in Building the Independence of Early Childhoods
Abstract
Sri Sumarni
Yik59unsri@yahoo.co.id
Early childhood education is the foundation for further education. The role of
educators is essential in helping children grow and develop optimally. Since
teachers faced various situations that occur either inside or outside of
classroom, the lack of the children independences seems on the first day of
school such as they cry because they do not want to part with their parents
and do not want to socialize with their new friends. For specific example in
kindergarten, its teachers have two roles which are as a educator and a
supervisor. Implementation of the guidance on kindergarten children are
unique process since it is done through playing. This is different from
counselling teacher in High school, the guidance are not only given to
problematic students but also given to those who have good potential and
talent. For that reason, the kindergarten teachers should especially have
knowledge about the guidance. The success of the guidance is also
determined by the roles of parents who do not provide overload protections, do
not ban them much, and give freedom to them to develop in accordance with
the stage of their development. Next generation is expected to come into the
generation that is strong, independent, smart thinking, smart sports, smart
social, and emotional and spiritual. Thus it can help them find their identity, so
that it can adapt early and will see their potential, interests and talents.
Finding their right learning patterns will anticipate and diagnose problematic
behaviour.
Keywords: independence, play, guidance for kindergartner1.
A. Introduction
children's life. At this time, the
children can quickly accept what is
heard or seen. Unlike proposed by
Bredekamp (1987), he categorized
early period of birth to eight years.
In Indonesia, early childhood
is defined from birth to six years
since the ages are unique for
1 Lecturer
Early Childhoods of FKIP UNSRI
1
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
This age is called golden age in
human life. The children will not
grow and develop on themselves
without the help of adults especially
from educators (teachers and
parents), they need help, and
deliberately
created
a
fertile
environment
to
develop
their
potential.
To
allow
an
optimal
development potential as stated in
Law of Indonesia Republic Number
20 of 2003 on National Education
System notes that the National
Education serves to develop skills
and form the character and
civilization. Aiming at developing
students' potentials in order to
become a human being faithful and
devoted to God Almighty, noble,
healthy, knowledgeable, skilled,
creative,
independent
and
democratic
citizenship
and
responsible.
The fact that there is now in
kindergarten observations X on
October 12, 2012, most educators
instead of Strata 1 of Early
Childhood Education (ECD), there
are still high school graduates or
equivalent. Upgrading or training in
early childhood education is very
rarely followed by the agency, due
to the limitations of the information
obtained, there is still proximity to
happen from the top down, so there
are
rarely
early
childhood
institutions of training conducted by
the
Education
Department
of
Province and Palembang City. In
Junior high school (SMP) and senior
high school (SMA), there are
counseling teacher (BK) specifically
address the problems that occurred,
while there is none in kindergarten.
2
The lack of knowledge about
the guidance of teachers made the
teacher let the problems in class so
protracted and did not know how to
solve them. All this will impede and
influence
subsequent
child
development. Teachers have limited
knowledge of Counseling Guidance
(BK) so that the implementations of
kindergarten teachers do not have
guidelines in performing their daily
duties because there is no visible
difference between guidance with
their lessons (Source: kindergarten
teacher X).
Teachers must have a broad
knowledge guidance, to understand
the stages of child development
through training, so that they can
use the right approach in handling
the child's independence. The same
thing is suggested by Sukardi
(2008) stated that guidance of a
process of providing sustainable
assistance to individuals in order to
understand himself, so he could
drive
himself
and
can
act
appropriately, according to the
school, family and society in
general. It was due to the lack of a
partnership between the school and
parents. Sometimes the relationship
is often mischaracterized as a
relationship-oriented
to
the
interests of the child not only to the
quality of a child's development.
To
achieve
the
above,
especially for Kindergarten and
Playgroup
required
counsellor
teachers (BK) for children who go to
the school. Dariyo (2007) told that
in major cities such as Surabaya,
Jakarta, it had found cases of
autism, stress, ADHD (Attention
Deficit Disorder and Hyper active
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
and dependent children. For the
existence of guidance teachers,
counselors will help responsive child
psychological problems, both nonacademic and academic one. If it
had been handled better from the
kindergarten to the high school
level, the above problem will be
easily overcome.
Teachers in developing the
child's independence sometimes
are often not supported by the
parents; it seems habits when it
comes to school children to take off
their own shoes have always helped
their parents or caregivers. Children
do not want to eat because they
have to be fed by their parents,
hand washing was assisted. In
terms of kindergarten children
should be given independence
slowly so that they will have the
ability to be expected. The attitude
of the parents is too dear to their
children;
it
always
provides
overload protection preventing the
development of them.
From the reality of the above,
kindergarten teachers should have
knowledge of the guidance, giving
motivation,
self-confidence
to
children to conduct their own
activities. Thus the children are
accustomed to do at home or school
and teachers watched, so that
children can develop well in
accordance with the potential. Selfreliance is the ability to perform
activities of daily alone or as little
guidance in accordance with the
stage of development and capacity.
(Retrieved October 27 2012 from
http
/
/
repository.upi.edu/operator/upload/s
/pls/capter2.pdf).
3
Dependence on others would
undermine the development of the
children. They are given the
opportunity to choose among a
variety of learning through play
activities planned teachers well. By
playing,
they
can
develop
independent attitude: for example
finished playing children will put
back the tools that are used to play
in place, if this is done constantly
then the learning activities will be
settled in the child that made an
impression on the child, for that, in
kindergarten teachers need a
special counsellor teachers in
helping
children
develop
the
independence, according to the
stage
of
the
children’s
development.
B. Problems
The problem of this paper is: how
do teachers provide guidance in
developing
independence
early
childhood?
C. Purpose
Providing knowledge to educators
regarding the provision of guidance
in
early
childhood
develop
independence.
D. Discussion
1. Definition of Play and SelfIndependence
In kindergarten teachers help
children
in
managing
the
development dimension, of course,
there are ways that teachers can do
so that the child can grow optimally
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
4
is through play. According Santroc
(2003) play is a fun activity that is
involved for its own sake. This
means that children do fun without
seeing results. Agreed that put
forward by Hurlock (2008) play is
any activity that is obtained for the
pleasure
caused
without
considering the end result. So he
wanted to have fun after the kids
play without expecting the final
results. Unlike, adults play to
achieve the final result. Meanwhile,
according to Froberg in Dockett &
Fleer (2000), playing for children is
a symbolic meaning, active, fun,
voluntary, limited regulation, and
episodic or in fragments. It is clear
by Fleer that children do on their
own play activities, children were
active laughing with her friend and
obtained
pleasure
and
can
eliminate frustrating. As stated by
M. Jefree (1994) said the play is also
a safety valve that prevents
frustration. Of course we are talking
about children who continue to
passionate play.
individual's ability to think and act
in a way capable of taking
decisions. Develop them and adapt
constructively with environmental
norms
performed.
Retrieved
October 27 2012 from http / /
repository.upi.edu/operator/upload/s
/pls/capter2.pdf.
From the above opinion may
be said to play is an activity
performed
by
the
delightful
children, without coercion did not
expect the end result: by playing
children learn to be independent,
responsible, honest, sporty, so it
can grow the good of all aspects of
the development of cognitive,
language, social, emotional and
spiritual.
Each
child
has
characteristics, the
Self-Independence
According
to
Yusuf,
independence is a characteristic of
a healthy personality. Reflected the
Self-reliance is closely related
to the self concept, self-appreciation
and self-regulating. Children will
understand the demands of the
environment against them and
adjust their behavior, Retrieved
October 27 2012 from http / /
repository.upi.edu/operator/upload/s
/pls/capter2.pdf.
Clearly
the
meaning of independence is the
ability to do its job on its own
without the help of others is closely
related to how to organize, and to
understand them so that they can
adjust to their environment.
2. How to Develop
independence
Children
its
own
child with others differ both
potential
and
growth
rhythm
owned. The development of each
dimension does not stand alone, but
interact with each kind of cognitive,
physical, social, emotional and
language. Language development
in children is a tool to express
something to others. Through
language children can understand
what is desired by others. For
example, teachers expressed after
2 (two) weeks of school children
learn on their own and no longer
waiting for a parent or caregiver
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
and doing activities with friends and
teachers, children are expected to
start showing courage, socialize and
independence. This is in line with
the statement Musbikin (2012) that
the competition is getting skin fold
and increasingly strong competition,
expected more independence and
courage to be different from the
others should appear.
From the above as educators
should provide motivation and
freedom to children to conduct their
own activities, so children are
trained to be independent, and
daring to express themselves.
Children are expected to learn, who
have mental health, quality of
character and later qualified as a
contribution to the nation. The
development of children's language
has
a
close
context
with
independence
as
a
language
children
can
understand
the
message expected by educators. If
the child's language development is
hampered, the development of
intellectual, social and emotional
are not honed. In kindergarten
teachers help children improve all
dimensions of development are
optimally by playing. For example,
when children are playing blocks in
groups to create a form home,
according to the child's ability. Here
will be an interaction among
children and dare to express
opinions, the opinions of friends,
help each other, and give each
other. Through the play, they can
develop
aspects
of
language,
cognitive, social, emotional, and art.
Language Barriers in effect
on the developmental aspects have
been programmed by the teacher,
5
because not all children are
expected
to
understand
the
message in order to cause barriers
in developing the physical functions
of motor, intellectual, social, and
language. This will be a barrier for a
kindergarten teacher who has no
knowledge of counselling. The
problems faced by the child's
independence would leave without
any attempt to address it. So the
problem will be more complicated
and would interfere with the child's
development.
For
that
kindergarten
teachers should have the ability to
provide tutoring services. Guidance
in kindergarten has characteristics
tailored to the child's development.
So, the pattern of assistance
provided should be tailored to the
child's mindset. Teachers have
flexibility in solving the case at
hand. According Semiawan (2009)
stated that flexibility can change
things in a way or a different
approach. So do children's flexibility
would require the courage to
change the way in solving the
problem at hand. The goal is that
the problem can be solved quickly
and accurately. In addition, teachers
must also have the creativity that
can think creatively, quickly and
appropriately in helping children.
Agreed to say Csikszentmihlyai
(1996) are some measures of
creativity, ideas, or products that
change from the old domain to the
new domain. So people are saying if
capable of creative thinking or
acting experience changes from one
domain to a new one.
and
Implementation of programs
counseling
services
in
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
kindergarten is different from the
implementation
in
the
higher
schools.
Officers’
guidance
in
kindergarten is still very rare for
that educators should be able to
carry out learning activities in the
form of guidance and training.
During this time many kindergarten
teachers are stuck on an erroneous
concept
of
guidance.
Where
teachers are able to take over the
problems faced by children, but
forget the function just help to solve
the problems of children. The error
has been sufficiently widespread
concept
that
was
considered
normal. For example: the child does
not want to take the books and
teachers do not get the book.
However, to help children that they
take themselves by providing a
comparison of other children who
took their own books. In accordance
with the statement Syaodih (2005)
conceived
through
several
phenomena
following
the
implementation guidance:
1. Learning in kindergarten should
be basically implemented in shades
play. Counseling services as part of
the learning process can be
separated from the need to use
shades to play;
2. Role of peers in helping tackle
their problems in kindergarten is
dominant because of its high
association
with
peers;
3. Children depend on the person,
for it limits the child's parents in
problem
solving.
According to Campbell (1996)
at the time the child is experiencing
rapid growth process. Children have
6
a lot of convenience in receiving
various stimuli that will affect brain
function. In connection with the
development of brain function,
especially
women
are
more
dominant role in influencing the
child in the womb. According
Fatmah (2006) the family is the first
and foremost place for children to
get an education. Psychological
satisfaction derived from the family
will determine how the child reacts
to the environment. The family is
where children get the love; care
and protection of children here are
also getting positive habits so that
children
become
independent.
Families
should
provide
opportunities for children to develop
through play optimally.
Guidance
is
given
in
kindergarten through play. Kids
have fun without any element of
coercion from others, regardless of
the end result so as to develop all
aspects. By doing play activities
kids can have a positive selfconcept so that he can adjust.
According
Symond
cited
by
Muntholi'ah (2002), self-concept
includes four aspects, namely: (1)
how people observe in the image
itself is stored as a part of itself, (2)
how people will think of himself, (3)
how people judge themselves, and
(4) how people tried in various ways
to refine and defend itself.
From above opinion, the child
will understand him very well so it
can fit in, have a positive selfconcept is embedded in the family
at an early age so that children are
ready to enter school age as stated
by Piaget in Semiawan (2002),
children aged 2-5 years said to be
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
the first critical period in the life
chart can be passed as well, the
social development is characterized
by its own desire and fantasy world,
which will develop a healthy fantasy
life that is finally ready to enter
school
age.
Adjustment
child
naturally begins in the womb
because it has been functioning
sense of hearing during the
contraction.
Line proposed by Samples
(2002) that children aged 0-2 years,
the first five senses function is
Hearing. Hearing of children has
been working since 4 months in the
womb. After hearing functioning
senses, it causes the child to
interact with his mother through
cues kick which resulted in a
contraction. Children have learned
to understand their environment,
especially what is perceived by the
mother when the child was born has
been blessed with the brain and the
brain has to work to control human
activities, recognize, and interpret
all the natural phenomena of this
complex world. So the brain works
by regulating the activity of all
human organs.
Each part of the brain is not
independent, but the brain works
related to each other and made up
of billions of brain cells (neurons)
that develop up to 2 years ago
when stopped and formed nerve
cells
(nerve
sell
connection).
According to Campbell (2001), the
brain
development
of
young
children aged 0-2 years old child
has about 100 billion neurons at
birth.
7
Children are able to say the
word over and over again with an
expression. Repeated actions are
useful to develop the ability to
coordinate between the mind and
the ability to speak. So educators
should
continue
to
actively
stimulate the development of
children's language by saying the
appropriate vocabulary and context
in which it is clear that the full
understanding of the language
proficiency level will accelerate
child's language skills. According
Samples (2002) brain development
of children aged 3-4 years had
formed lines with strong brain
connections
with
associative
network. So it can be said that it is
through language that children can
understand
better
what
was
ordered brain. Teachers in this case
it would be easier to give the
message to the child so that the
child would be easy to do with such
independence can be developed
properly. For example, the teacher
said that until the school opened its
own shoe and put it in a shoe rack.
Clothes completed home school put
in place. Put the dishes after dinner
in place. Children this age can do
two at once two commands
properly. Because neurons are
connected to it need stimulation of
educators would be very helpful, as
raised by these experts.
According to Hale (2004) at
the age of 3-4 years is happening is
the child's basic neuron system has
been connected properly. Then the
neural network if the child has
begun
to
spread
stimulated
according
to
the
stage
of
development and needs of children.
For that family plays an important
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
role in protecting children as stated
by Meliala (2012) each parent has
the instinct to protect children from
harm
for
the
child
to
live
comfortably. Child's desire to be
independent from an early age to
be supported by the right way, what
do we do when he needs help?
What do we do when the result is
less good? So it is clear that the
family serves as a protector for
members of the family of the
disorder. In putting their own
children in the family means
finished playing, without the help of
others.
According to Morrison (2008)
goal of independence, (1) to help
children become self-sufficient in a
way to encourage children to do
everything themselves, (2) Provide
access to the freedom of the child in
accordance with the equipment or
materials,
(3)
Ask
the
child
responsible
for
the
retrieval,
collection and arrangement of
material.
In
kindergarten
was
introduced to the culture of the
child and the wider world it aims to
prepare children in dealing with
academic
learning
in
further
education. Conditions confirmed
that the field of neuron science has
shown the human brain function
and organization of work related to
the development and advancement
of
early
childhood
education.
According
Semiawan
(2009),
learning process is to strengthen
relationships between synapse. If
the neurons are not stimulated or
connected, the neurons will die.
So it is clear that the role of
educators is critical in developing a
child's independence by providing
8
the proper stimulation so that the
child can be independent in
performing duties in accordance
with the development. Professional
teachers are required in this case to
provide guidance to children, also
get a reward. It is also said by
James & Walters (2010), it is largely
determined
by
professional
teachers, salaries and benefits
policy set. Government's attention
to the existence of a professional
certification
as a
teacher is
expected to help all the problems
that
occurred
in
the
early
kindergarten that will be resolved
by either including gifted children.
E. conclusion
Early childhood education is
the
foundation
for
further
embedding
next
education.
Educators in this term are very
important role in developing a
child's independence. There are
several
things
to
develop
independence kindergarten, among
others: (1) encourage children to do
everything themselves, (2) giving
freedom of access to the child in
accordance with the equipment or
materials, (3) asking the children to
be responsible for the retrieval,
collection and arrangement of the
materials . Independence would be
realized
if
the
harmonious
cooperation between home and
school.
Guidance
is
given
individually, preferably with shades
playing, and handled by specialized
personnel starting from an early
age because if any will result fatal
for further developments. The
existence counselor in kindergarten
(Counseling Services For All Human Diversity
SIK-MALINDO 2 – 2012
at least will minimize delinquency,
behavior problems, potential and
special talents possessed child can
be detected early so that it will be
handled well as dishonesty and
dependence that corruption is
rampant lately discussed. It is
hoped the next generation would be
independent without intervention
from other parties. They would
become leaders who can make
decisions quickly, correctly and not
harm others.
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