THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF SLAVERY AS REFLECTED IN MARK TWAIN'S ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN AS CRITICISM TOWARD CAPITALISM.

1IIE SOCIO.ECONOMTC CONDITION OF sLA'!'ERY AS RDTLECTED
IN MARK TWAINIS

/D'?MV]t!;S

OF EACKIEBERRY FINN 15

cRrncrsM fovA mt caPnA Lrsn't

A

TnBir

Poidl F lflltu tof
'Ihe Aequirerent of \djatu S6na Desrd
Subnin.d in

By:

PRAMULIA SATIYA
05 985 041


ENGLISE DEPARTMENT - FACTILTY OF LETTERS
ANDALAS TNN'ERSITY
PADANG
2010

ABSTRAK
Dalam penelitid ini penulis menba!6 iaael Adrentur.s aI Huc*lebeftr
li,, taJya Mek Twain. PeDulis nenrba\b basannea karya nri merefleisikar
lerbudato pada abad ke-19 di ,ADerika sec&a krjtis Pada andr Jrrbud*ar yturg
nengikutlsis€m kapihlisne ini. terdapat kelas berkursa yaitu nasFJ,lal kulitpulih
yans sansar frengeksploitsi du nenekm ndydalol kulit lntm yds dijadika)
bndal dcmi mendaparkln (euntungd.
Dalm nenganalisa novel tesebu| penulis meneraptm leod Reneksi ddl
CeorBe lukacs, unrur nelihai rovcl,1d,entua oflht.]dehetrr Fr,, scbrgri Eilcr.i
kenyald rqhadap keadm sosial-ekononi nasyar€ka! knususnya melibdt kodlik

zndnya

Konnik sosial yer8 nmcul

sisi rcsatif
"relilalkdr
kapiralismc yang ter0eks! didalm lcks. Berdasdkm lcon Refleksi dan Lukacs,
n rel )dt.ht,tct oJ H,ckkbqry Fi,, ymg netutalm kalya r.alis dapol

sosial pada

memF€rlihalke d nen8kndk sistenr kapiblisme lerbadap kebidupd pcrbuda{e
p{dd lbud 19diAnerika.
Hsil d i malisa le adaF novel ,4dvehlues .[ Auckl.bdt Finn, pm!]is
bdhasil nc.arik kesimpuld banwx novel ini heruparb Eneksi keadaa sosialekonomi masyanlial akibal sisten lepnalisnc y&g bftkcmbms di Amcrikfl Ilodr
abad 19. Dalm novel ini terdap,t bebenpa knlikm atau sisi n€galil kapitalisnc
te radap anrd lerbudalm yang dneneksikan nelalui kadkler budak lulit liildn.
gkd sisi-sisi atan aspck-aspek k€n usi{an dun budd
S isten kapilal isme F enghi l
soobn
oHr bL&m meusia n€la kar hmya s€Led{
dm nenjadiko dftka
konoditas untuk diperdagdgk&. S€lain itu nerela juea mendapat p€dakur kd
ddi Lels yms berkuasa do nereka rrdins ddi hidupnla kdcm nmka

merupal& alrt yanc hekerja urtuk kepeniingln sei! keunrungan k.dhlls

CH ITER I
INl'RoDUCTION

1.1Thc Brckg.ound ofthe Resclr.h

Siice

1654

to 1865. the slalery systenr

r"s

legal nr

in Soulh Ameri.a In slavdy syslcm. slave was lrealed

Unitd Stat.., .\f..ially


6lhe prcpenr

by the o{ner

(rulireclast. Slavery condni.n *as tiggered bt the s.cixl lane.es hcnvccn ruline

Slaleq in Anreric, $illbcconcs m nrtcrcsing topic that cdr
liter.ry

{.rks

roday

Ma

Twair's novelison€oflirerdy rvork $aidcs.ribcs aboul

tbe Rrcio eco.onic condition


191'ccnnry

Anericr H.

rho rcflecr rhc davery

i. his.n

Hc *ritcs ab.!t lhc condnio. ol sl.vcrr" in

is nrludcd onc oflhe besl Anericm

in hG ereat

Mr\isr.riti.Gm

bc dhcussed in

ruitcn in loi'oc.rry


io\el Adrehtule3 .f ihikleb.ry

is conrp0llblc apptuach ro malyze rbout

n.vcl bccaue it h rc8aded

d Jfnr.rlh

hrertrLre md socio-ccononic condirn,n

rhdt

nr.ds rh!

tu

fih,

slllery


d!n\h p b(N.cn

Train s n.v.l shd{l dalc's c.ndnion in

rheir rel0tion rvirh rhc socicty based on econonic syslen. lwanr s
qork, signinca.tly notonll rellectLhc

i l*rid !

$ci.

rcrel 6

realisl

ocodonriccondilnD uddercatilalhnr bul

aho thc contradictio. *hich n built in ttat cn. ln hk novcl.

Tmin


sho$s ihe lo$er

dass (shve\) rvhD cel opprcssion.nd exploilllion under capilalhm.

Morcovcr. slalcr] coDstitured cadlllism. Accordina to Donnbea Drmnond

Vbaliat $atenejn in Boorcrs bnok cntitlcd,1 Ptu.ticul thorlu.tia t. Liteiarr

l

h.o\'nhd arricisn

thar,

"SlN eD md capiialhm arc inrl.ulel)'relared.s histori.Al

phcnomcm (1996: 298). rn

Muisl pcspccrn.. $c s.cial opFsirions oi


rvhidh

slaleLy is found seenr lo be base! on race. The differcnr bcMccn nhncraccand black

race in sociely

crate rrcisnr In B.ok.r's b.ok, Nkrumah alro \ht r thar,

i.erhicably linlied with cllss ernlond
capilalisl
.emoval

dd

ol r

rakes them as

.: in.


rucirl

racc oppression are conrplemenlary.

crrilllisl lrowcr

tle reDoval ol ore

othcr' (1996 lt8). Whilc racc c aims thar

wo

ci. ft h

a

b

B..ker\ s[rencnl lhal. "R0cisn i.volres


srn,crtrrc,

ensures the

inLrl.r rnd

ack m.c ls

form ofopprcssion und.r capitalisn

is sur|]oncd hy

11

rhe oven otpression J onc gr(rup in

sociery l. r rhe ccommic benefit of anothcr, so slalcry a.d capitalism ar.

slructurully, iJ in no olher
ncccssary the end

h

wat

"Racc

.lh$ sods,

(1996: 298). ln

thc cnd

d.r.d

oi.apilalim

olFcism.

the norel

?l.lgntl.r .l Hutkllhlrr! Fi,, Mrk lwrin

chdaccr N lhe ricrifr.lslavcry Jin

liic bc.ausc hc ses oppresion frcnr
impact capilalis.r

as slave
Lne

chda.t.i ficcs sondnr c.nnici in hk

rulnre class (nr dis case lhe

in Ame.ica al l9r'cenrury. The owners hrve

al!1hine rowtrd then shles Jlneds

uses sllvc

Lhar- these

o*ner) s

r

the

power ro do

tso dillarenlrla\sesr€ the nrpdct

orthe clpihlist slnen rcflcctcd in lhc nolcl. lhG mancr h lhc core prcblem lo
inlesl ieale llN ueh lhi

l.
rr

s researc h

thG case. this research is conducred becouse the iDpacls of catitali{

scn roqard thc slavcry in every

asp€ch of life

rc nill va$e, ibsnd

d{ipher. rn ordcr ro reveal lbose nrllre$ in rhe novcl ,.1./'e,turet

aJ

and had

r.

Hurkllbrry

/:r,,. a lvldist
.il

$irer

criticism h reeded. Nlorcov.r.lhe

lhttktlhar! Frd xsrhe.bject of$h

cho.ses

Tsrin s.,1./l.rkl.{

researcb bccrusc rhis noycl

rcflcdsthc rcrl

of slalery condilion io l9!r renlury Ameri.a !s .riliquc caFiralism lhcrcln,.lh

j

novclhvcryappmpriatclorthGresearclTharisNh]drcrvrilffcmnlesihisrcscarch

*ith

Thc Soth

tun.nit (.ntliti.n

ol sldwtr

l.lvntu.s lluckl.bctry Firn a\ Oiticisn ta

1.2 Thc

ahl

6 Rclttltd br Mt lwtnt\

(rtitul^m

ldcntiff cati0n of the Pr.blen

'lhcre dc hins oflhe process

r9s ccnru4 ,{ncdc.
revenheless these

Leflecred

oldebun

izatioD ofblack people as slavcs in

in T}!in s )bentutet af Hu.ktehetD

lst.ca dc sill3bsurd, diftlcult

t

inter|lmt, and hdd

b

l:nnr,

dcciphcr

lhe lrocess ol dehunani,arin is c,used hy cconomic \y\lcm undr .iplhli\dr
Therelore

*riler

1.3

aluani(

sees the

c

icGn G nccdcd lo rclcal

thesc

nr.bLens ln

$i!

resedch.

ftc

nesjrive side ol slar.r! u.der carirnlism in l9'r cenlur! Anrefca,

The ScoDe ofrhc Rcscrr.h
This EseaEh focuses on

l(..n..n,ed rilh

slavew

l*t

mai. pints.The fi6t is ihe realcon{tilion *hich

the lgri cenrur! in Anreric, Sec.nd is lhe reiection
rhe novel including rhe process

oidehunrania!!n

towtud capilalism These rqo aspecrs are

mere)

hr*d.nLuka!.sdeory olrcnecdon, sothh

of

research does nor

lihed

itrvoheorher

CHAPTER5

Tnr.rgh chdrctr ofslavc in the

^ore\

A.lrentures ol

sho{s rhe reileclion $e slllery in lgnrcentury (PE

Hrckl.b !Ftut Jit\

Civil-w&)

mder rhc

*odo ric

sy$en ofcapitalhn. Dy seeins Jim s chmclcr, the wdlor reveah $c conhdicl.n
ofslavcry which is still absurdand hddtodccipherin rhenovel.
The

Miler linds a criliqrc lowed capiElisD which is appeded in a rcalist

na\el Alteht"rcs of Il cuebeir

It",.

Il

G prcvcd by Lnkacs'

vieRs a rcalist work do nol only rellecr

fic

Rcncdioh Ttcorythat

soci.-economic c.ndnbn

h( fto

citicizes it. The cnaque can be seei lron rhe economio slslem whioh is inllucnocd
by ide.rogy capiralhn. in the na\el

Ade trrcs af Hu.klebetry F,r, dc wircr n.ds

lne ideology capilalisn whicn brcals slave's
peopl€

^t

the

topofthe s.ci.l

scate

life In

thc novcl, Trvain shd*s how thc

de nalurJly supeior to ihose belowthcn. Jin

as

a slavc chdaclm su.ceeds lo Eflecl how thc slavery is a lom ol oppr€ssion und
cxploirarion olthe ruling cl4s

low!

The conrEdiction Rhich

n

slare\ lile.

loun d

in TN^in

s A!tuekhn es

of Hucid.betry Finn

rcfcs lo lhc prccess dehunanizalion of slare. First. the €conomic system urder
capitalisn
thc

lfuket

nonet

€cddslin

not as hunan bein3but

as.omodiry wbichcm

bc lradcd

placc. Tle rulins cllss neal Jinr as connodily jusl mcrcly lor ccr

Second

in

nrch

islhcalicnation ofslave.Jin Galie.aled fron his species be.ause he

.Mnofuetuse his condilion which is sepaated ftom

[h fmily.

IIe h sepeled cach

o1I.A

because the rutins class selh

hh

\yite

d chitdren into dillar.nt owncr u1ro

nftds tle slaves. Besides. is alienaicd liom rNduclile aciivit, stlles xrc rorced ror

w.rkina much hader and lona hou^ per,lay. ftey do nor enjoy snh thcjr work
bccause the

for

dr

tulins clds forccs them to wdrk.ln this ctuc, thc, work for gjve a pnril

rulins

cla! ortheirornci. Thnd.

slave. Jini eceiles

bntral lrcar.renls br rhe rutin!

bnral lJearnrenh fom $c

properiy. They n€at Jin likeanarinal.

nliis

ctass because

chssl.iad
Jin is fien

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Ri.chc.nandwinston.

1981.

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The Ldnp: RDnantic lheorv und The Ctiticul
ljnivcrsily
L..r?nJz Ncw York: Oxford
Prcss. I 976,

Booker. M ].Gneirh.,.r
York: Univcsityol

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rk

sas,1996.

$u

Brudrey, Scurly., & Hudson E. Lone, An Annotatcd Idt Bar*Stouhd antl
es
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.f

Bogdb. Roben C., &

Sri (no!p

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Brczu, Hr*L

The Pc E

ir

dl

Biklen. Q"ahdliw R*earth Jot
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Hittor!

aJ thc U5,1.

B.Tindall. Georgc.. & E.Shi. David.,4hericd: A
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Nrtutiw

Fi .di.n:

PenguiD

(now,

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,1

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\t

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,/

.si,,1 Sror&r. New Yorti

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1

oJ

Ili.-\.ocl. I oui e A. rt, 04 /o../ar\i.r,1 Sr,/",ri ur,
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H,ckleben

k

Nes

, li|h

bt Mdt*

Yo : RoljiFr"e.

MILIK

"i,,'.l'$ifilifflxl,