Systems Analysis and Design

  

Syst e m s An a lysis a n d Syst e m s An a lysis a n d

D e sign D e sign D e sign D e sign Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom , and David Tegarden ega de John Wiley & Sons, I nc.

  Slides by Fred Niederm an

  Slide 1 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden _{Systems Analysis and Design} Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, I nc. J h Wil & S

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  Slide 2 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

Obj e ct ive s Obj t i

  ■ Understand several fundam ental user interface design principles.

  

■ Understand the process of user interface design.

■ Understand how to design the user interface ■ Understand how to design the user interface st ruct ure.

  ■ Understand how to design the user interface st andards. st andards.

  ■ Understand com m only used principles and t echniques for navigat ion design.

  ■ Understand com m only used principles and ■ Understand com m only used principles and t echniques for input design.

  ■ Understand com m only used principles and t echniques for out put design. t echniques for out put design.

  ■ Be able to design a user interface. _{Slide 3 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design}

  

Pr in ciple s for Use r I n t e r fa ce Pr in ciple s for Use r I n t e r fa ce

D e sign

  Slide 4 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  Pr in ciple s P i i l

  Slide 5 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  Use r I n t e r fa ce D e sign Use r I n t e r fa ce D e sign Pr oce ss Chapt er 12

  Slide 6 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden _{Systems Analysis and Design}

K D fi it i Ke y D e fin it ion s

  

The The navigat ion m echanism navigat ion m echanism provides t he provides t he

way for users t o t ell t he syst em what t o

do The input m echanism defines t he way t he syst em capt ures inform at ion y p

The out put m echanism defines t he way

t he syst em provides inform at ion t o users or ot her syst em s

  Slide 7 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

K D fi it i Ke y D e fin it ion s

  The The graphical user int erface graphical user int erface ( GUI ) is t he m ost com m on t ype of int erfaces m ost st udent s are f f d

likely t o use personally and for

developing syst em s.

  Slide 8 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  Use Sce n a r io D e ve lopm e n t U S i D l

  Slide 9 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  W in dow N a viga t ion D ia gr a m W i d N i i D i

  Slide 10 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  I n t e r fa ce St a n da r ds D e sign I f S d d D i The int erface st andards are t he The int erface st andards are t he basic design elem ent s t hat are com m on across t he individual h d d l screens, form s, and report s wit hin t he syst em .

  Slide 11 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  I I n t e r fa ce D e sign Pr ot ot ypin g f D i P i St oryboard St oryboard HTML Prot ot ype Language Prot ot ype I nt erface Evaluat ion

  Heurist ic Walkt hrough Walkt hrough I nt eract ive

  Form al Usabilit y Test ing Form al Usabilit y Test ing _{Slide 12 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design}

  N AV I GATI ON D ESI GN

  Slide 13 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden _{Systems Analysis and Design}

B i P i i l Ba sic Pr in ciple s

  Assum e users Assum e users Have not read t he m anual Have not at t ended t raining Do not have ext ernal help readily p y at hand All cont rols should be clear and All cont rols should be clear and underst andable and placed in an int uit ive locat ion on t he screen. int uit ive locat ion on t he screen. _{Slide 14 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design}

B i P i i l Ba sic Pr in ciple s

  Prevent m ist akes Prevent m ist akes Lim it choices Never display com m ands t hat can’t be used ( or “ gray t hem out ” ) C fi t i t h t diffi lt Confirm act ions t hat are difficult or im possible t o undo

  

Si lif f i k Sim plify recover from m ist akes

Use consist ent gram m ar order

_{PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Slide 15}

Use consist ent gram m ar order

Type s of N a viga t ion C t l Con t r ol

  Languages Languages Com m and language Nat ural language a u a a guage

  Menus

Generally aim at broad shallow m enu

Consider using “ hot keys”

  Direct Manipulat ion Used w it h icons t o st art program s Used t o shape and size obj ect s _{Slide 16 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem} May not be int uit ive for all com m ands M t b i t it i f ll d _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  A Tr a dit ion a l M e n u in a UN I X Syst e m UN I X S t

  Slide 17 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  Com m on Type s of M e n u s C T f M

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  Ex a m ple of a n I m a ge M a p E l f

  I M

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T f M Type s of M e n u s

  Typ e s o f Me nus _{Whe n} ^{Typ e s o f Me nus} _{Me nu b a r} Dro p -d o wn me nu ^{Whe n Wo uld Yo u Use Eac h o f} _{Th M} ^p _{Po p -up me nu Ta b me nu} To o lb a r ^{The se Me nu Ty p e s?} _{Ima g e ma p}

  PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design} ^{Slide 20}

M Ti M e ssa ge Tips

  Should be clear, concise, and Should be clear concise and com plet e Should be gram m at ically correct and free of j argon and and free of j argon and abbreviat ions ( unless t hey are t he users) t he users) Avoid negat ives and hum or

  Slide 21 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

T f M Type s of M e ssa ge s

  Typ e s o f Me ssa g e s _{Whe n} ^{Typ e s o f Me ssa g e s} Erro r me ssa g e ^{Whe n Wo uld Yo u Use Eac h o f} _Th ^g _{C o nfirma tio n me ssa g e Ac kno wle d g me nt me ssa g e} De la y me ssa g e ^{The se Me ssag e} _{Ty p e s? He lp me ssa g e y p}

  PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design} ^{Slide 22}

  

An Ex a m ple of Cr a ft in g a n

Er r or M e ssa ge E M

  Slide 23 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

Y T You r Tu r n

  Pret end t hat you are designing Pret end t hat you are designing t he new int erface t o a career services syst em at your universit y.

  How would you incorporat e t he basic principles of input design basic principles of input design int o your int erface design?

  Slide 24 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  I N PUT D ESI GN

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B i P i i l Ba sic Pr in ciple s

  

The goal is t o sim ply and easily The goal is t o sim ply and easily

capt ure accurat e inform at ion for t he syst em h

Reflect t he nat ure of t he input s Reflect t he nat ure of t he input s

Find ways t o sim plify t heir collect ion collect ion

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On lin e ve r su s Ba t ch P i Pr oce ssin g

  

Online processing Online processing im m ediat ely records im m ediat ely records

t he t ransact ion in t he appropriat e dat abase Bat ch processing collect s input s over t im e and ent ers t hem int o t he syst em at y one t im e in a bat ch Bat ch processing sim plifies dat a com m unicat ions and ot her processes, but m eans t hat invent ory and ot her report s are not accurat e in real t im e t t t i l t i _{Slide 27 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design}

Ca pt u r e D a t a a t t h e S Sou r ce

  Reduces duplicat e w ork Reduces duplicat e w ork Reduces processing t im e Decreases cost Decreases probabilit y of error p y

  Slide 28 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

S D t A t t i Sou r ce D a t a Au t om a t ion

  Can be obt ained by using t he Can be obt ained by using t he follow ing t echnologies: bar code readers opt ical charact er recognit ion m agnet ic st ripe readers sm art cards

  

H ow ca n in t e r n e t b e u se d f or

sou r ce d a t a a u t om a t ion ? _{Slide 29 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem} Systems Analysis and Design

M i i i K t k M in im iz e Ke yst r ok e s

  Never ask for inform at ion t hat Never ask for inform at ion t hat can be obt ained in anot her way

List select ion is m ore efficient

t han ent ering inform at ion t han ent ering inform at ion Use default values where possible possible

  Slide 30 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

T f I t Type s of I n pu t s

  Dat a it em s linked t o fields Dat a it em s linked t o fields Text Num bers Select ion boxes Select ion boxes

  Slide 31 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  Type s of I n pu t Box e s T f I t B

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T f S l t i B Type s of Se le ct ion Box e s

  Typ e s o f Bo xe s _{Whe n} ^{Typ e s o f Bo xe s} _{C he c k b o x} Ra d io b utto n ^{Whe n Wo uld Yo u Use Eac h o f} _{Th O n-sc re e n list b o x Dro p -d o wn list b o x} C o mb o b o x ^{The se Bo x} _{Ty p e s? Slid e r y p}

  PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design} ^{Slide 33}

T f I t V lid t i Type s of I n pu t Va lida t ion

  Typ e s o f Va lid a tio n _{Whe n} ^{Typ e s o f Va lid a tio n} _{C o mp le te ne ss c he c k} Fo rma t c he c k ^{Whe n Wo uld Yo u Use Eac h o f} _{Th Ra ng e c he c k C he c k d ig it c he c k} C o nsiste nc y c he c k ^{The se Validatio n} _{Me tho ds? Da ta b a se c he c ks}

  PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design} ^{Slide 34}

Y T You r Tu r n

  Consider a Web form t hat a st udent Consider a Web form t hat a st udent would use t o input st udent and resum e inform at ion int o a career resum e inform at ion int o a career services applicat ion.

  Sket ch o t ho t his fo m o ld look Sket ch out how t his form would look

and what dat a fields would be used

What validit y checks would you need? What validit y checks would you need?

  PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design} ^{Slide 35}

  OUTPUT D ESI GN

  Slide 36 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegarden _{Systems Analysis and Design}

B i P i i l Ba sic Pr in ciple s

  Underst and report usage Underst and report usage

Reference or cover- t o- cover?

Frequency? Real- t im e or bat ch report s? Real t im e or bat ch report s?

  Manage inform at ion load All needed inform at ion, no m ore All d d i f i

  Minim ize bias _{Slide 37 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design}

  Bia s in Gr a ph s Bi i G h

  Slide 38 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

Type s of Re por t s T f R t

  Typ e s o f Re p o rts Typ e s o f Re p o rts _{Wo uld Yo u Whe n Whe n Summa ry re p o rt De ta il re p o rts p The se Th} Use Eac h o f _{G ra p hs} Turna ro und d o c ume nt Re p o rt _{Ty p e s? y p}

  Slide 39 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

Re por t M e dia R t M di

  Elect ronic Versus Paper

  Slide 40 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

Y T You r Tu r n

  Under what condit ions would you be Under what condit ions would you be m ost likely t o replace report s on paper w it h ones delivered paper w it h ones delivered elect ronically? When m ight you NOT want t o m ake t he change? NOT want t o m ake t he change?

  Slide 41 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

  PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

S Su m m a r y

  The fundam ent al goal of The fundam ent al goal of navigat ion navigat ion

design is t o m ake t he syst em as sim ple

t o use as possible p The goal of input m echanism is t o sim ply and easily capt ure accurat e inform at ion y p

The goal of t he out put m echanism is t o

provide accurat e inform at ion t o users

t hat m inim ize inform at ion overload and

bias

  Slide 44 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}

E di t h D i Ex pa n din g t h e D om a in

  For m any years, t he Universit y For m any years t he Universit y of Maryland has been a leader in research for ideas in hum an- h f d h com put er int erfaces. For m ore inform at ion invest igat e: ht t p: / / w w w .cs.um d.edu/ hcil/ ht t p: / / w w w cs um d edu/ hcil/

  Slide 45 PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem _{Systems Analysis and Design}