Global Requirements Abstrak 2011
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UBYI.I$|t,l'''Y
andTedtnology
SeminronScierre
BaliInternational
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UPN"VETERAI'I'JATIM
TECHI'fOLOGY
FACII-WOf IND{JSIRAL
PRSRAII
SSECT'IAI PCSTMAO{AIE
CI$ISIRY OEPARTiGNI,
T'I.JIVERSITY
I.OAYAI.IA
w
22-23JULY2011
Seminaron
Balilnternational
Scienceand TechnologY,
"Snmgtfi.ening tsasicSciencesanf
y'ecfinohgy f or Intrus triat gtstainahi.frty"
"Organize[
fo, ffi
TECHNOLOGV
FACULT/OFINDU'TruAL
UPN -VETERAN''AWAIIMUR
AND
PROGRAM
PO'TCRADUATE
BIOMEDICINAL
CHEMISTF/ DEPARTMENT.
UDAYANAUNIVERSITV
EDfiOPIALBOAPD
* Prof. I GedeWenten (ITB, Indonesia)
tl
.i.AssociateProf.DavidJ Young(UBD,Brunai) r'
.i. Prof.EdwardR.TTteklnk(Unlversityof Malaya,Malaysia),-.
+ Prof.J.C. Liu (NTuST,Taiwan) /
.:.Prof.RenantoHandogo(ITS,Indonesia)
t Prof.AchmadRoesyadi(ITS, Indonesia)
.t Prof,Sri Redjeki( UPNVeteranJawaTimur,Indonesia)
-iimur,Indonesia
)
( UPNVeteranJawa
{. Prof.Soemargono
.3 Prof.Tri Widjaja (ITS, Indonesia)
* Prof.Ida BagusPutraManuaba
(UdayanaUniversity,Indonesia)
* Dr EndraJulianto(ITB,Indonesia)
* Prof,RyanartoSarno(ITS,Indonesia)
* Prof.M. Nasikin(UI, Indonesia)
* Prof.UdiSubaktiC (ITS,Indonesia)
* Prof.Arif Budiman(UGM,Indonesia)
>
ri
ARTICLES BALIINTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOOY 2011
" Strengthening Batie Selencet 1nd Teochnok!gy for lndulfrl.tl SuslllnlbUIIy""
Julv 22-23 2011 BAU-1NOONES1A
ｃｬ｡ｾｳ＠
ｉ ｉｓｂｎＹＷＸＭｾＱＰ＠
Room C 1
2
3
Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Serdang, Malaysia
6
Surabaya University,
Surabaya, Indonesia
7
Rahmamar
ｍｵｬｶｾＧＢﾭ
and Achmad Saifuddin
Noer
9
10
(H5N1 and H1 N1) Inhibitor of Brucea
Javanica (L.) Merr
Achmad Yanl umver5nY.
Bandung, Indonesia
ARTICI.ES
EALIINTERMTIOML
SEMIMROI.ISCIENCE
ANOI€CHNOLOGY
201I
' Str.rythcrlog Brdc Scicrcg rld Ttchtrolos|
for Induddrl Surtriurbititf
Jult22"23,20.|l,8
LI-INDO
ES|A
ls8l{ 078- 97$986?}t{
GLOBAL REQIITREMENTS OF CHTTOSANFOR
MEDICAL AI\[D FOOD APPLICATIONS
NataliaSusenor',EmmaSavitriz,ClaudiaWindasadr
r'€hemical EngineeringD€parfnent,
Universityof Sumbaya,60293,lndonesia
'Fsculty of Pharmacy,
Universityof Surabay4Indonesia
E-mail:natalia@ubava.ac.id.
savitri@ubava.ac.id
Abstrrct
Chitosanp a biopolyner obtainedby deacetylationof chitinwhich widely distributein natureand biologicallysafe.
Thispolyner ahibits severalfavorpropenles,suchos biodegradability,bioconpatibility, lo14'toxicitya;d ability'to
forn Jiln/lydrogel.
Chitosanofers a wide range ofunique applicationsuchas in medicalapplicationfor lrypocholesterolemrc,
anlimicrobial,andwound-heolingproperties,drug delivery,and biologicalb activeagent.For food applicatrcy
chitosanis asedfor dietaryingredient,food presemative,edible!?ln and coatings.
Tofulfill the requirenentofmedical andfood application,it is necessaryto prepareseveral tests,groupedin
_
preliminary, conlirmatoryand other tests.Thecharucterbationof chitosanusedhr iheapplicotiortt includingmoisture
conlenl,forn ide ilicatio4 oshald protein conted, ir.,solubilily,turbidity, color, IJy absorption chemicd!
identificationtests,viscosityand moleatlar veigllt determination
Themain ltmirdiotts in the aseofchitosan in severalapplicationsare itshigh viscosityarutlow solubitity at
neutal PH. Low molea.lu weightand oligoner chitosancan be usedlo overcomethe limitations..Low molectiar
weight(Mw) chinsansand oligomerscan bepreparedby degradationo{chitosansuchas chenicathytlrotysk,
eidative degradstion inadiation ofchitosanand ettzynatictrydrolysis.For nedical application high (legree."oy
deac-etylotion
ofchitosan is the importantparanteterofchitosanfor medicalandfood apptications.For sime specgfic
applications,thesesmallermolectleshovebeenfoundto be muchmoreuseful.
Keywords: chitosan;medicalapplication;molecdar weiglt
1. htroductton
Arnong the novel families of biological
nacromolecule3 whose re.levance is becomile
increasinglyevident, ar€ chilosan and its derivativ;
chitin. This wide range of applications includes
biomedicine, foo4 biotechnolos/, agricultur€ and
cosmetics,amongothers, The importanceof chitosan
in tlre last year is mainly evident in medical and food
application.
Chitin and Chitosanarc dessrib€das a family of
linear polymccharidesconsisting of varying amounts
of 1,4-p linked residlres of N-acetyl-2 amino-2deory-D.glucose( A residues)and 2-amino-2-deoryD-glucose residues @ residues). Chitosan samples
havea high amountofD units aad hencethe polymer
is soluble in acidic aqueousmedia" Some authors
cbnsiderthat chitosanis the polymu with at least60%
ofD residues[U. Chitin is the secondmost abundant
naturalpolymer in natureafter celluloseand it is found
in the stsuctue of a wide number of invertcbrates
(crustaceans,
exoskeleb4 insectscuticles)and the cell
walls of fungi, among othcrs, Oo thc othcr hand
chilosatr only occun naturally ia sourc fungi
(Muconccac)[21.
Chiiosan cal slso prepared by cleavageof Nacetylgroupsofthe chitin A rcsidues.This rpactionis
rarelyconductedto full completion,hencechitosan
polymeric chain is generally descritred as a
copolymericstucture comprisedofD glucosamine(D
residues)along with N-acotylrcsidues
Tbe aim if this paper is to presentthe global
requirement and characterization of chitosan for
medical and food application. The paper has been
divided into the following sections: the fiIst part is
devotedto thc preparation,effects of the preparation
processon the propertiesof chitosan,characterizatio4
and regulatory asp€cts.The secondpsrt covers thc
main biological aspectsof the polymer and relates
thesopropertiesto the physicochemicalcharacteristics.
Finally, medicaland food applicationsof chitosanare
presonted€mphrsizingthc cffcd of DD and Mw on
thescapplications.
2 Methods of Prcprntlon
2.1. Chitln Dcrcetyhtlotr
Chitosan is Fepared by hydrolysisof acetarnjde
groupsof chitin. This is normally conductedby s€vere
alkaline hy&olysis treafn€nt. Tb€rmal teatments of
chitin und€rstsotrgaquoouralkali src ususllynccdodto
give psrtidly dcscctyldodchitin (DA lowcr rhrn 30plo),
r€gtrdcd !r chlloran. Usually, $dlum or pota$ium
hydroxidesare usedat concenfationof 30-609/o
wlv tt
high remperahre(100-125"C).The processto prepare
chitin and chitosanfiom raw materialinvolved several
cl.l - I
UBYI.I$|t,l'''Y
andTedtnology
SeminronScierre
BaliInternational
'
UPN"VETERAI'I'JATIM
TECHI'fOLOGY
FACII-WOf IND{JSIRAL
PRSRAII
SSECT'IAI PCSTMAO{AIE
CI$ISIRY OEPARTiGNI,
T'I.JIVERSITY
I.OAYAI.IA
w
22-23JULY2011
Seminaron
Balilnternational
Scienceand TechnologY,
"Snmgtfi.ening tsasicSciencesanf
y'ecfinohgy f or Intrus triat gtstainahi.frty"
"Organize[
fo, ffi
TECHNOLOGV
FACULT/OFINDU'TruAL
UPN -VETERAN''AWAIIMUR
AND
PROGRAM
PO'TCRADUATE
BIOMEDICINAL
CHEMISTF/ DEPARTMENT.
UDAYANAUNIVERSITV
EDfiOPIALBOAPD
* Prof. I GedeWenten (ITB, Indonesia)
tl
.i.AssociateProf.DavidJ Young(UBD,Brunai) r'
.i. Prof.EdwardR.TTteklnk(Unlversityof Malaya,Malaysia),-.
+ Prof.J.C. Liu (NTuST,Taiwan) /
.:.Prof.RenantoHandogo(ITS,Indonesia)
t Prof.AchmadRoesyadi(ITS, Indonesia)
.t Prof,Sri Redjeki( UPNVeteranJawaTimur,Indonesia)
-iimur,Indonesia
)
( UPNVeteranJawa
{. Prof.Soemargono
.3 Prof.Tri Widjaja (ITS, Indonesia)
* Prof.Ida BagusPutraManuaba
(UdayanaUniversity,Indonesia)
* Dr EndraJulianto(ITB,Indonesia)
* Prof,RyanartoSarno(ITS,Indonesia)
* Prof.M. Nasikin(UI, Indonesia)
* Prof.UdiSubaktiC (ITS,Indonesia)
* Prof.Arif Budiman(UGM,Indonesia)
>
ri
ARTICLES BALIINTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOOY 2011
" Strengthening Batie Selencet 1nd Teochnok!gy for lndulfrl.tl SuslllnlbUIIy""
Julv 22-23 2011 BAU-1NOONES1A
ｃｬ｡ｾｳ＠
ｉ ｉｓｂｎＹＷＸＭｾＱＰ＠
Room C 1
2
3
Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Serdang, Malaysia
6
Surabaya University,
Surabaya, Indonesia
7
Rahmamar
ｍｵｬｶｾＧＢﾭ
and Achmad Saifuddin
Noer
9
10
(H5N1 and H1 N1) Inhibitor of Brucea
Javanica (L.) Merr
Achmad Yanl umver5nY.
Bandung, Indonesia
ARTICI.ES
EALIINTERMTIOML
SEMIMROI.ISCIENCE
ANOI€CHNOLOGY
201I
' Str.rythcrlog Brdc Scicrcg rld Ttchtrolos|
for Induddrl Surtriurbititf
Jult22"23,20.|l,8
LI-INDO
ES|A
ls8l{ 078- 97$986?}t{
GLOBAL REQIITREMENTS OF CHTTOSANFOR
MEDICAL AI\[D FOOD APPLICATIONS
NataliaSusenor',EmmaSavitriz,ClaudiaWindasadr
r'€hemical EngineeringD€parfnent,
Universityof Sumbaya,60293,lndonesia
'Fsculty of Pharmacy,
Universityof Surabay4Indonesia
E-mail:natalia@ubava.ac.id.
savitri@ubava.ac.id
Abstrrct
Chitosanp a biopolyner obtainedby deacetylationof chitinwhich widely distributein natureand biologicallysafe.
Thispolyner ahibits severalfavorpropenles,suchos biodegradability,bioconpatibility, lo14'toxicitya;d ability'to
forn Jiln/lydrogel.
Chitosanofers a wide range ofunique applicationsuchas in medicalapplicationfor lrypocholesterolemrc,
anlimicrobial,andwound-heolingproperties,drug delivery,and biologicalb activeagent.For food applicatrcy
chitosanis asedfor dietaryingredient,food presemative,edible!?ln and coatings.
Tofulfill the requirenentofmedical andfood application,it is necessaryto prepareseveral tests,groupedin
_
preliminary, conlirmatoryand other tests.Thecharucterbationof chitosanusedhr iheapplicotiortt includingmoisture
conlenl,forn ide ilicatio4 oshald protein conted, ir.,solubilily,turbidity, color, IJy absorption chemicd!
identificationtests,viscosityand moleatlar veigllt determination
Themain ltmirdiotts in the aseofchitosan in severalapplicationsare itshigh viscosityarutlow solubitity at
neutal PH. Low molea.lu weightand oligoner chitosancan be usedlo overcomethe limitations..Low molectiar
weight(Mw) chinsansand oligomerscan bepreparedby degradationo{chitosansuchas chenicathytlrotysk,
eidative degradstion inadiation ofchitosanand ettzynatictrydrolysis.For nedical application high (legree."oy
deac-etylotion
ofchitosan is the importantparanteterofchitosanfor medicalandfood apptications.For sime specgfic
applications,thesesmallermolectleshovebeenfoundto be muchmoreuseful.
Keywords: chitosan;medicalapplication;molecdar weiglt
1. htroductton
Arnong the novel families of biological
nacromolecule3 whose re.levance is becomile
increasinglyevident, ar€ chilosan and its derivativ;
chitin. This wide range of applications includes
biomedicine, foo4 biotechnolos/, agricultur€ and
cosmetics,amongothers, The importanceof chitosan
in tlre last year is mainly evident in medical and food
application.
Chitin and Chitosanarc dessrib€das a family of
linear polymccharidesconsisting of varying amounts
of 1,4-p linked residlres of N-acetyl-2 amino-2deory-D.glucose( A residues)and 2-amino-2-deoryD-glucose residues @ residues). Chitosan samples
havea high amountofD units aad hencethe polymer
is soluble in acidic aqueousmedia" Some authors
cbnsiderthat chitosanis the polymu with at least60%
ofD residues[U. Chitin is the secondmost abundant
naturalpolymer in natureafter celluloseand it is found
in the stsuctue of a wide number of invertcbrates
(crustaceans,
exoskeleb4 insectscuticles)and the cell
walls of fungi, among othcrs, Oo thc othcr hand
chilosatr only occun naturally ia sourc fungi
(Muconccac)[21.
Chiiosan cal slso prepared by cleavageof Nacetylgroupsofthe chitin A rcsidues.This rpactionis
rarelyconductedto full completion,hencechitosan
polymeric chain is generally descritred as a
copolymericstucture comprisedofD glucosamine(D
residues)along with N-acotylrcsidues
Tbe aim if this paper is to presentthe global
requirement and characterization of chitosan for
medical and food application. The paper has been
divided into the following sections: the fiIst part is
devotedto thc preparation,effects of the preparation
processon the propertiesof chitosan,characterizatio4
and regulatory asp€cts.The secondpsrt covers thc
main biological aspectsof the polymer and relates
thesopropertiesto the physicochemicalcharacteristics.
Finally, medicaland food applicationsof chitosanare
presonted€mphrsizingthc cffcd of DD and Mw on
thescapplications.
2 Methods of Prcprntlon
2.1. Chitln Dcrcetyhtlotr
Chitosan is Fepared by hydrolysisof acetarnjde
groupsof chitin. This is normally conductedby s€vere
alkaline hy&olysis treafn€nt. Tb€rmal teatments of
chitin und€rstsotrgaquoouralkali src ususllynccdodto
give psrtidly dcscctyldodchitin (DA lowcr rhrn 30plo),
r€gtrdcd !r chlloran. Usually, $dlum or pota$ium
hydroxidesare usedat concenfationof 30-609/o
wlv tt
high remperahre(100-125"C).The processto prepare
chitin and chitosanfiom raw materialinvolved several
cl.l - I