Love problems in one`s personality development as seen in Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet, the main characters of Jane Austen`s pride and prejudice - USD Repository
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LOVE PROBLEMS IN ONE’S PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
AS SEEN IN FITZWILLIAM DARCY AND ELIZABETH BENNET,
THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF JANE AUSTEN’S
PRIDE AND PREJUDICE
A Thesis
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education
By
Oki Putra Darmawan
Student Number: 041214128
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
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LOVE PROBLEMS IN ONE’S PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
AS SEEN IN FITZWILLIAM DARCY AND ELIZABETH BENNET,
THE MAIN CHARACTERS OF JANE AUSTEN’S
PRIDE AND PREJUDICE
A Thesis
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education
By
Oki Putra Darmawan
Student Number: 041214128
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
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Rise I’m a soldier, born to stand In this waking hell I am
Witnessing more than I can compute Save your tears Save your fears For the day
Take your place When our pain is far behind Save them for the judgment day On your feet
Fast and free Come with me Follow me We are soldiers stand or die
Time to make the sacrifice We rise or fall Don’t you cry Hide the tears
Because a new day will start Your fire Will be heated By thousands of hearts
But now get up Hide the pain and fear far The one who’s right will win Know that everything is in your hands
(Origa of soundtrack Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex) I dedicate this thesis to my family,
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ABSTRACT
Oki Putra Darmawan. 2009. Love Problems in One’s Personality Development
as Seen in Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet, the Main Characters of
Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Yogyakarta: English Language Education
Study Program, Sanata Dharma University.
This thesis discusses Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice novel which was published in 1813. The main analysis of this novel is about Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet’s personality development due to their love problems. It is interesting to discuss the connection between personality development and love in this novel since it could raise the understanding of love values. There are two problems to discuss in this study: (1) How are Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy described in the novel, and (2) How did their love problems affect their personality development. Based on those problems above, this study aims to analyze the characteristic of the main characters and to find the effect of love problems in their personality development.
Library study is the method used to find the answers. There are three sources; the primary source is the novel, the secondary sources are the serial and motion picture and the tertiary sources are books related to this study. The psychological approach is used to analyze Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet’s personality development. This study applies the theory of character and characterization to find the characteristic of the main characters and psychoanalysis and emotional intelligence to explain the process of personality development in their love problems.
The result of this study shows that Fitzwilliam Darcy is a good-natured and honest man that appreciates knowledge. Nevertheless, in the beginning of the novel he appears to be a proud man. Elizabeth Bennet is a charming, bright and confident person. In spite of her attractive personality, Elizabeth is also a prejudiced person in this novel. When Darcy meets Elizabeth is when pride meets prejudice. Actually, both of them have pride and prejudice, but Jane stresses one personality over another in each character. The story is all about Darcy that falls in love with Elizabeth, a woman with a family inferiority. Elizabeth rejects his ‘fake’ love because he still considers her social status. She also expresses all her prejudice to Darcy that in the end proves to be wrong. As a final point, both of them realize their mistakes of being proud and prejudiced and find true love from their self-development on the personality that they have.
A suggestion for the future researchers in literature who are interested in this novel is to analyze the aspect of parents’ responsibilities towards their children. The recommendation for the future researcher in using this novel is to teach Extensive Reading I to third semester students of English Language Education Study Program.
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ABSTRAK
Oki Putra Darmawan. 2009. Love Problems in One’s Personality Development
as Seen in Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet, the Main Characters of
Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan
Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Skripsi ini membicarakan tentang novel Pride and Prejudice dari Jane Austen yang diterbitkan tahun 1813. Analisis novel ini berisi tentang pengembangan kepribadian dari Fitzwilliam Darcy dan Elizabeth Bennet dalam kaitannya dengan masalah cinta. Merupakan hal yang menarik untuk membahas hubungan antara pengembangan kepribadian dan cinta karena hal ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman akan nilai cinta. Studi ini akan membahas dua masalah. (1) Bagaimana Fitzwilliam Darcy dan Elizabeth Bennet digambarkan dalam novel tersebut dan (2) Bagaimana masalah cinta mereka mempengaruhi pengembangan kepribadian mereka. Berdasarkan masalah diatas, studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa karakteristik dari tokoh utama dan menemukan efek dari masalah cinta dalam pengembangan kepribadian mereka
Studi perpustakaan adalah metode yang digunakan untuk menemukan jawaban tersebut. Terdapat tiga macam sumber, sumber pertama adalah novel tersebut, sumber kedua adalah serial dan film dan sumber ketiga adalah buku yang berhubungan dengan studi ini. Pendekatan psikologis digunakan untuk menganalisa pengembangan kepribadian Fitzwilliam Darcy dan Elizabeth Bennet. Studi ini menggunakan teori tokoh dan penokohan untuk menemukan karakteristik dari tokoh utama dan psikoanalisis dan kecerdasan emosional untuk menjelaskan proses pengembangan kepribadian dari masalah cinta mereka.
Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa Fitzwilliam Darcy adalah orang yang baik, jujur dan menghargai ilmu pengetahuan. Meskipun demikian, di awal novel dia terlihat sebagai orang yang sombong. Elizabeth Bennet adalah seseorang yang menawan, cerdas dan percaya diri. Disamping kepribadiannya yang menarik Elizabeth juga menjadi seseorang yang berprasangka dalam novel ini. Bertemunya Darcy dan Elizabeth sama halnya dengan bertemunya rasa harga diri dan prasangka. Sebenarnya keduanya memiliki rasa harga diri dan prasangka, tetapi Jane menekankan satu kepribadian diatas yang lainnya dalam tiap karakter. Kisah in menceritakan tentang Darcy yang jatuh cinta pada Elizabeth, seorang wanita yang status keluarganya rendah. Elizabeth menolak cinta ‘palsu’-nya karena dia masih mempertimbangkan status sosialnya. Elizabeth juga mengungkapkan seluruh prasangkanya pada Darcy yang pada akhirnya terbukti salah. Akhirnya, keduanya menyadari kesalahan mereka akan rasa harga diri dan prasangka dan menemukan cinta sejati dari pengembangan diri pada kepribadian yang mereka miliki.
Saran untuk para peneliti yang akan datang dalam kesusasteraan yang tertarik pada novel ini adalah untuk menganalisa tanggung jawab orang tua
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to show my greatest gratitude to Allah SWT, with His help and protection that encourages me to be strong and brave in life. He gives me amazing opportunities to know and feel the power of knowledge, to learn and understand life and to experience happiness in different ways.
My great appreciation goes to Drs. Antonius Herujiyanto, M.A., Ph.D., my sponsor, who sacrifices his time to guide and motivate me, gives enormous supports and complete feedbacks to improve my thesis. His understanding and patience to me are very helpful. My deepest gratitude also goes to Sr. Margareth
FCJ, for her kindness to give helpful feedbacks in correcting my writing.
I would also like to give my appreciation to all PBI lecturers, who have helped me acquire priceless knowledge and share precious experiences and the secretariat staff, Mbak Danik and Mbak Tari, for their hospitality, honesty and kindness to help me.
My earnest gratitude goes to my parents Sudaryanto and Endang
Koestantie. They teach me how to be patient and sincere in life. I would also like
to express my appreciation to my brothers, Arya Putra Kurniawan and
Chandra Putra Kusuma Wardhana for giving support and challenging thoughts
that make life far from boring.Special gratitude goes to FKM and all of my friends: Mas Syamsul,
Mbak Nunik, Taupik, M. Kun, Adhi, Anto, and many more for all the
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Mbak Melon, Mas Ronald, Hanung, and many other players for giving me the
chance to improve my skills and share those wonderful moments. I thank PBI and
FKIP Basketball Team for giving me support and faith to lead them all in the
competition.I also thank Garuda English Course: Dian, Maya, Tia, Joni, and Mbak
Putri for inspiring me to be a better leader. I thank Mary, Pebni, and Retno that
give me fearless critique, understanding and open-heartedness. My sincere thanks go to Yason for his enormous support and trust also to Bentar, who gives huge expectation and support to work together in many projects. My gratitude also goes to Baka Hana, Mira, Putri, Bernard, Dita, Linda, Lexy, Erlian, Bram, for critical advice, enjoyable moments, and great experiences.
Last, but not least, I would like to thank all of my friends that I cannot mention by name here for their support and help.
Oki Putra Darmawan
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………….... i
PAGES OF APPROVAL ………………………………………………...….. ii
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ……………………………. iv
PAGE OF DEDICATION …………………………………………………... v
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………......… vi
ABSTRAK…………………………………………………………………….. vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………..….. viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………....… xLIST OF APPENDICES …………………………………………………..... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ……………………………....... 1 B. Problem Formulation ……………………………….....… 2 C. Objectives of the Study ……………………………......… 3 D. Benefits of the Study …...................................................... 3 E. Definition of Terms ………………………………...…..... 4 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Character and Characterization …………………………. 6 B. Critical Approaches ……………………................…..…. 9
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D. Emotional Intelligence …………………………………. 13
D. Review of Related Studies …………………………....... 16
E. Theoretical Framework ………………………………… 17
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY A. Subject Matter …………………………………………. 19 B. Approach ………………………………………………. 19 C. Procedure ………………………………………………. 20 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS A. The Description of Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy ........................................................... 22
1. The Description of Elizabeth Bennet ......................... 22
2. The Description of Fitzwilliam Darcy ........................ 28
B. The Changes Due to the Love Problems in Their Life ... 32
1. Daniel Goleman’s changes ......................................... 32
2. How Their Love Problems Affected Their Life ......... 35
C. The Meaning of the Personality Changes of Darcy and Elizabeth .................................................................. 40
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION, AND RECOMMENDATION A. Conclusion .................................................................... 44 B. Suggestion and Recommendation ................................. 45 REFERENCES APPENDICES
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Page Appendix 1: Summary of the Novel ………………………………………….. 49 Appendix 2: Cover of the Novel ……………………………………………… 53 Appendix 3: Biography of Jane Austen …………………………………….… 54 Appendix 4: Picture of Jane Austen ………………………………………….. 57 Appendix 5: Lesson Plan of Teaching
Extensive Reading I ……………………………………………. 58
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This first chapter consists of five sections Background of the Study, Problem Formulation, Objectives of the Study, Benefits of the Study, and Definition of Terms. A. Background of the Study
th
Pride and Prejudice is a novel that focuses on the marriage in the 19 century that usually happened because of financial purposes and not based on the true love. In this story Elizabeth Bennet, the main character of the novel, is the one who maintains her principle to get married only with the one that she truly loves. From this principle, the other main character, Fitzwilliam Darcy is aware of Elizabeth Bennet’s existence and tries to improve his character positively towards different classes that also happens at the same time. As we could see from the title of the novel, this novel also brings the personality of pride and prejudice that appears in the main characters and how they could overcome these in the end. In addition, true love wins over all pride and prejudice---this is the message with which Jane Austen, an old maid, concludes her greatest book (Bledsoe, 1873: 8).
This study takes Jane Austen’s novel because of the appreciation of the way she used many values of life in the Pride and Prejudice. There are many values involved in this novel such as love, marriage, pride, emotion, narrow-
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All these values could give the excitement, because there are plenty of emotions poured into the novel. Each character brings this variety of emotion into a complex process of facing problems and finding solutions. Later on, they are able to develop their personality. It could be better or worse, depending on the choice of the characters in choosing options for their life. It is suitable with the basic theory of Emotional Intelligence related to the personality development.
This finding could raise the interest of reading the novel and increase the level of understanding of life values.
Clearly, the purpose of taking this novel and the theory of Emotional Intelligence together is to find the deepest meaning of the story by observing the improvement of their personality development. Moreover, the most suitable way to have this profound knowledge of love, emotion and personality development is to analyze this novel using the theory of Emotional Intelligence while the approach used is psychological approach.
B. Problem Formulation
Considering the discussion above, this study would like to state two problems which are formulated as follows:
1. How are Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy described in the novel?
2. How did their love problems affect their personality development?
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C. Objectives of the Study
This study aims to answer the questions listed in the problem formulation above. There are two objectives in this literary study. First is to analyze the characteristic of the main characters, Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy. Second is to find the effect of love problems in their personality development.
D. Benefits of the Study
This study is meant for those who want to understand the novel better especially for the students of the Faculty of Letters and the English Language Education Study Program, particularly at Sanata Dharma. Since this study gives immense focus on the characterization from a psychological view, this thesis will discuss entirely about how each of the main characters gains experience from the love problems that occur in the story. Moreover, they are able to develop their Emotional Intelligence (EI) throughout the story by facing the problems and trying to solve them. The writer hopes that this study would provide a wider view in promoting the use of literature in the language teaching and learning field at the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University and other universities of the same department.
For the field of the study of literature, the writer surely hopes that this study would enrich the literary study, especially the study of Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice.
In the end, the result of this study would also be beneficial for other
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might provide them with a useful guide to make critical judgments, so they can achieve the goals of their studies.
E. Definition of Terms
I would like to define the terms used in this study to provide a clear picture of the study conducted. Those terms are:
1. Love Problem
Love is defined as a strong feeling of deep affection for somebody or something (Hornby, 1995: 699). While problem is defined as a thing that is difficult to deal with or understand (921). Therefore, love problem is a thing that is difficult to deal with or understand that comes from a strong feeling of deep affection for somebody or something.
2. Character
This study uses M. H. Abrams’ A Glossary of Literary Terms to know the meaning of characters. In this book, he defines characters as: The persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say—the dialogue—and by what they do—the action (1981: 20).
This study assumes that characters are persons involved in a story and they bring a mixture of emotion that would appear during the novel to give seasoning
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3. Emotional Intelligence
According to Goleman (1998: 317), emotional intelligence is the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships. In addition, he says that abilities related to Emotional Intelligence or EI for short, include self- control, persistence, zeal, the ability to motivate oneself, impulse control, empathy, and compassion (1995: 22).
4. Personality Development
According to Hornby (1995: 863), personality is defined as the qualities that make somebody different and interesting. Development is defined as the action or process of developing or being developed (318). From those definitions above, we can conclude that personality development is the process of developing the qualities that make somebody different and interesting. Based on http://library.thinkquest.org/C004361/intro.html, personality is the deeply fixed, consistent, distinctive and characteristic patterns of our thoughts, feelings and behaviour that define a person's own style of interacting with the physical and social environment. Therefore, we could also say that each person is unique and different from each other. It is because each person has his or her own personality development and ways to solve problems in their life.
In this study, the analysis will focus on the main characters’ positive personality development from their love problems in Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet. This will bring us the deeper meaning of maturity in terms of
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE In this study, I used some theories to analyze this novel. They are the
theory of character and characterization, theory of critical approaches, theory of emotional intelligence, review of related studies and theoretical framework.
A. CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION
According to Forster (1974: 46-48) there are two kinds of character, the ‘flat’ and ‘round’ characters. A flat character (also called ‘type’, or two dimensional), is built around ‘a single idea or quality’ and is presented in outline and without much individualizing detail, and so can be fairly adequately described in a single phrase or sentence. A flat character is characterized by one or two traits. Forster calls this kind of character flat because we see only one side of him.
One great advantage of a flat character is that we can easily recognize him or her whenever he or she comes. We can recognize him or her by the reader’s emotional eye, not by the visual eye that merely notes the recurrence of a proper name. It means that by seeing a part of a person’s character, the readers can get the description of the whole character. A second advantage is that the readers can easily remember them. It is because, from the very beginning of the story until the end of it, their character remains the same (unchanged). They remain in the reader’s mind as unalterable for the reason that they do not change by
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While a round character is complex in temperament and motivation and is represented with subtle particularity. We remember him in connection with the great scenes—that is to say, we do not remember him so easily, because he waxes and wanes and has many facets like a human being thus he is as difficult to describe with any adequacy as a person in real life, and, like most people, he is capable of surprising us (48).
According to Roger B Henkle (1977: 88), characters can be described as
major or secondary ones. Major characters are the most important and complex
characters in a novel. They can be identified as such through the complexity of their characterization, the attention given to them (by the author and by the other characters), and the personal intensity that they seem to transmit. It is the major characters who deserve our fullest attention because they perform a key structural function: upon them we build expectations and desires, which, in modification, shift or establish our values, while secondary characters are characters who perform more limited functions. They may be less sophisticated, so that their responses to the experience are less complex and interesting.
Characterization, according to Hornby (1995: 187), is defined as the action or process of characterizing especially the description of human character in novels, plays, etc.
I also used M. J. Murphy’s Understanding Unseen (1972: 161-173) to know about the characterization theory. In his book, Murphy explains clearly the way an author conveys to the reader, the characters and personalities of the people
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intervene authoritatively in order to describe and often to evaluate, the motives and dispositional qualities of his characters. The author can merely present his characters talking and acting and he leaves the reader to infer what motives and disposition lies behind what they say or do. The author can also assign the role of an outside observer, giving his own explanation, comments and judgment about the character. Alternatively, one character may comment on the motives and behaviour of another in the form of conversations or as private thoughts that only the reader can overhear them. In brief, Murphy mentions nine ways of how the characters are presented by the author:
1. Personal description The author can describe a person’s appearance and clothes.
2. Character as seen by others Instead of describing a character directly, the author can describe him through the eyes and opinion of another. The reader gets, as it were, a reflected image.
3. Speech The author can give the reader an insight into the character of one of the persons in the book through what the person says.
4. Past life By letting the reader learn something about a person’s past life, the author can give the reader a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character.
5. Conversation with others The author can give the readers clues to a person’s character through the
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6. Reactions The author can give the reader a clue to a person’s character by letting the reader know how that person reacts to various situations and events.
7. Direct comment The author can describe or comment on a person’s character directly.
8. Thoughts The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about.
9. Mannerism The author can describe a person’s mannerisms, habits, or idiosyncrasies which may also tell us something about his character.
The methods of characterization were used to analyze the way Jane Austen presents the characters to the readers. I also used Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice by Barnes & Noble and Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice by Penguin to facilitate my study furthermore.
However, not all of the methods of characterization are used to analyze the characterization of the characters in the novel. It is because the author of the novel, Jane Austen, does not use all of the methods of characterization above, but only some of them are used.
B. CRITICAL APPROACHES
According to Rohrberger and Woods (1971: 6-14), there are five approaches that the writer needs to know to put him in a position to receive some
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harmonious involvement of all the parts to the whole and with pointing out how meaning is derived from structure and how matters of technique determine structure; biographical approach that attempts to learn as much as we can about the life and development of the author and to apply this knowledge in our attempt to understand his writings; socio-cultural-historical approach which insist that the only way to locate the real work is in reference to the civilization that produced it; mythopoeic approach that seek to discover certain universally recurrent patterns of human thought, which they believe to have an expression in significant works of art; psychological approach that involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns. It draws on a different body of knowledge most often on that offered by Sigmund Freud and his followers.
The five approaches described above have their values and their limitations. It seems likely to the authors that no single approach will serve for every piece of literature. Each of those have their proper insights to give and part of the task of the critic and the reader of literature is to find the approach or approaches that will best lead to adjust appreciation of a particular work of literature (15). This thesis uses psychological approach to analyze the alteration of emotion in the novel.
C. PSYCHOANALYSIS
According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalysis is a body of ideas developed by Austrian Physician Sigmund Freud and his
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behavior. The theory of psychoanalysis from Sigmund Freud is used to analyze the characters’ unconscious drives that determine their behaviours. The human personality (which he divided into three parts- the ego, the superego, and the id-all residing within the mind of a man and often in conflict with one another) develops from infancy through childhood until adolescence (Rohrberger & Woods, 1971: 14). In brief, Cloninger (2004: 37-40) explains the definition of personality structure proposed by Sigmund Freud namely id, ego and super ego in the following sections:
1. Id
The first structure of personality is the id. This is the only structure of personality, which is present at birth and is unconscious. The id is the source of psychic energy named libido, which is sexual. This energy becomes the motivation of all aspects of personality. There are two kinds of psychic energy, namely eros refers to the life-instinct and thanatos refers to death instinct. Eros is a kind of libido that motivates maintenance of behaviours and love. Besides, thanatos is a destructive force toward death. This instinct motivates all kinds of aggression, including war, murder, and suicide. Thus, it is known that all personality functions are motivated by instinctive energy.
At first, instinctive energy refers to biological needs. However, this energy can be redirected into higher achievement, such as interpersonal relation and work. Moreover, the motivational quality of instinct corresponds to the instinctual drive, which is high when the drive is not satisfied and falls when the need is met.
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that bring pleasure by reducing tension, immediately, and regardless to reality constraints.
As a result, an instinct needs desired object, person or thing. These objects help to satisfy the instinct. For example, the object of sexually aroused adult is a sexual partner. However, the id function only based on primary process, which is primitive, is purely instinctive and not socialized. This instinctive impulse consequent is dangerous or deadly. Sometimes, reality does not satisfy its force and people tend to instantly imagine the object, hallucinatory, to gratify his or her needs.
Overall, it can be concluded that the actions based on the id are basic human instinct such as instinct of sexuality (life-instinct), aggression (death- instinct), and instant gratification. Therefore, if the id is the only part of personality, an individual might seek pleasure and avoid discomfort in immediate and dangerously impulsive way.
2. Ego
The second structure of personality is the ego, which refers to the ‘self’ as a person. The ego has the ability in planning, controlling, reasoning, problem solving, and understanding reality. Moreover, the ego operates in reality principle, which is secondary process that deals with real world. Therefore, the ego has to release and direct the id’s instinctive energy in ways that are consistent with external environment. The ego is responsible in delaying gratification when necessary, which function as secondary process. The id lies entirely in
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Thus, the ego can ensure that the id can be expressed in an acceptable manner of the real world.
3. Superego
The superego is a set of ethical standards or rules for behavior. It has two parts; the conscience and the ego ideal. The conscience lists the thing that should not be done in a social life, while the ego ideal lists the thing that should be done to obtain proud feelings. The superego functions as morality principle. As a result, violating the rules may cause guilty feeling. In conclusion, the superego leads to perfection and is, therefore, unrealistic as the id.
Between the two extremes of superego and id lies ego, the balance of rationality. The ego must not only satisfy the id but also must not violate the standards of the superego therefore the perfect action is accomplished. In brief, the key to healthy personality is a balance between the id, ego, and superego.
D. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Emotional Intelligence consists of five basic emotional competencies (Goleman, 1995: 43), or abilities, you can develop to use your emotions more effectively. The first three, Emotional Self-Awareness, Emotional Self-Regulation and Emotional Self-Motivation, is the intrapersonal set of skills that deals with managing our emotions. After that we could manage our relationship with others in the interpersonal skills that consists of empathy and nurturing relationship.
According to Byron Stock (2008: 7-8), in his book of EMOTIONAL
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EMOTIONS for Busy Business People, he explains all of the five basic emotional competencies and the first one is the explanation of Emotional Self-Awareness.
It has to do with being aware of what you’re feeling in the moment … If you don’t know what emotion you’re feeling, you don’t have the information you need to decide whether to stay in the emotion or to change it. (7)
Therefore, we can conclude that Emotional Self-Awareness is about knowing your emotion as the basic in Emotional Intelligence.
He also explains the second competence that is Emotional Self-Regulation as follows.
This is not about “stuffing, holding in, or hiding” our emotions; rather it is about being able to choose our emotions ... If we don’t like the emotion we’re experiencing, it would be beneficial if we were able to choose a better one, or transform it into a more positive, productive emotion. (8)
After knowing our emotion, we will be able to identify it and if we do not like our emotion at that time, we can choose another emotion that suits us better depending on the circumstances.
The third is Emotional Self-Motivation which is defined as follows.
This is about having the skill to activate positive, productive emotions … The two key words associated with this competency are persistence and success. Our ability to call up and use positive emotions such as excitement, enthusiasm, joy, courage, etc., is critical to self-motivation. (8)
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The fourth is Empathy which is described as follows.
Empathy is the ability to put yourself in “someone else’s shoes” so you can see the situation from their point-of-view … By putting ourselves in someone else’s shoes, we not only learn and understand how they feel, we can also use that information to help us adjust our position or approach to arrive at win-win solutions to disagreements or conflicts. (8)
This interpersonal skill proves to be very helpful to maintain our relationship with others, because we can understand the others’ point of view towards problems.
The last but not least is the Nurturing Relationship. According to Byron Stock, Nurturing Relationship is:
“Setting a positive tone of cooperation,” even if things aren’t going well. In times of difficulty, rather than trying to regulate other people’s emotions, we must be able to manage our own in order to have authentic concern or care for others and ourselves. This fifth competency is available to you once you learn how to use and apply the techniques in the other four competencies. (8)
Following Empathy, Nurturing Relationship is the last competency; this one completes the other. After knowing the comprehensive understanding of empathy, then we set the positive tone into cooperation by managing our own emotions instead of regulating others in order to have authentic concern or care for others and ourselves.
The interesting fact is that Pride and Prejudice, being the most accurate one in describing the reality of the Victorian age, has this Emotional Intelligence
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characters towards the problems that they faced and how they solve it. Therefore, the writer feels the importance to analyze this novel using the theory of Emotional Intelligence.
E. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
The development of characters with psychological approach and the use of Emotional Intelligence as the theory to apply is the aim of this study. The analysis focuses on the process to achieve higher level of Emotional Intelligence that we can find when the characters are facing a problem. The characters decision of the problem is the essential part that I would like to explore because the decision could affect both the level of the characters’ Emotional Intelligence and the way the story goes. The characters would reveal their personality and reaction to the love problems in the novel.
Many studies of this novel have been conducted, they are the influence of Jane Austen’s view toward motivations of marriage in England in the late eighteenth century upon Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice (2001) written by Chatarina Sri Lestari; Jane Austen’s criticism on marriage motivation in the early nineteenth century England through the main character, Elizabeth Bennet, in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (2008) written by Yosefin Defifani; the influence of the setting to the characters and the character development in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (1998) written by Sylvia Ratna Wardayanti; the practices of feminism as seen through Elizabeth Bennet, the main character of Jane Austen’s
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Austen’s biographical background in writing Pride and Prejudice (2000) written by Dwi Utami and analysis on the irony in the characterization in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice (1998) written by E. Rahayu Prasetyaningsih.
This study involves character and characterization with psychological approach and Emotional Intelligence theory to find the deepest meaning of the novel and it does not involve marriage, setting, practices of feminism, biographical background, and the irony in characterization.
F. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theories mentioned below are the theories qualified for the study of this novel. There are three theories that are used to answer the questions stated in the problem formulation.
The theory of character and characterization is used to answer the first question. The theory will help the writer to find the deeper understanding of the character, which is the ‘flat’, ‘round’, major, secondary, and so forth.
While the theory of character and characterization becomes the base of this study, the theory of Emotional Intelligence and psychoanalysis will be the core and the crucial elements of this study. The theory of Emotional Intelligence and psychoanalysis are used to answer the second question. The theories will help us in observing the love problems and the true nature, the basic personality that exists in each character involved in this novel.
Overall, those theories above are needed to analyze this novel. From the
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character and characterization at first, analyze the character and classify them based on the theory. By having this method, the process of analyzing this novel could be easier. The next step is to use the theory of psychoanalysis and Emotional Intelligence to analyze the main characters and their love problems from the beginning of the story to the end. This includes the process from which the character is introduced in the story, involved in a problem and tried to solve it. All of the process from the story will change the characters’ personality development.
Moreover, if they manage to solve the problems from their decision then the personality will develop into a better stage. The meaning of stage in this study is the level of quality in the character of the person himself or herself. This process of personality development creates the uniqueness that differentiates people from one person to another.
In addition, personality development happens when the characters show their emotions towards love problems and this reveals their personality. Then, in the process of choosing options, they develop their personality and begin to acknowledge the later stages of personality and emotions. Later on, this process would produce wisdom for people who are able to develop their personality. The journey of Emotional Intelligence in each character throughout the story is the one that is interesting for me to observe.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY This chapter is divided into three subdivisions namely, the subject matter,
the approach and the procedure. The subject matter concerns with the primary data of the study. The Approach contains the approach used to analyze the work.
The Procedure contains the steps taken in doing the analysis.
A. SUBJECT MATTER
The title of the book analyzed in this study is Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice published by Collins in 1952 and it consists of 352 pages. Actually, this novel was completed in August 1797 with the original title First Impression but the publisher rejected it. After her achievement with Sense and Sensibility in 1811, she began to rewrite Pride and Prejudice, recognized as her greatest success; it quickly reprinted at that time. Pride and Prejudice is her most popular novel since 1813. This is the story of Elizabeth Bennet, a brave and intelligent woman and Mr. Darcy, a very rich and proud man. The editor, Tony Tanner, Pride and Prejudice, is a novel about how a man changes his manners and a woman changes her mind.
B. APPROACH
Since this thesis deals with the alteration of emotion, I chose to employ the