LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM PUSAT SENI FOTOGRAFI DI SEMARANG - Unika Repository
PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
PERIODE LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2017 / 2018
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
PUSAT SENI FOTOGRAFI DI SEMARANG
Tema Desain
Arsitektur Neo-Modern
Fokus Kajian
Pemanfaatan Cahaya Alami Pada Ruang Studio
Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan
Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Disusun Oleh :
Galih Ridho Prabowo NIM :12.11.0135
Dosen Pembimbing :
Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St B, MT.NIDN : 0616046301
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG
Maret 2018
PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR
PERIODE LXXIII, Semester Genap, Tahun 2017 / 2018
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
PUSAT SENI FOTOGRAFI DI SEMARANG
Tema Desain
Arsitektur Neo-Modern
Fokus Kajian
Pemanfaatan Cahaya Alami Pada Ruang Studio
Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan
Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Disusun Oleh :
Galih Ridho Prabowo NIM : 12.11.0135
Dosen Pembimbing :
Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St B, MT.NIDN : 0616046301
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR
FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG
Maret 2018
PRAKATA
Puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menuntaskan Landasan Teori dan Program Projek Akhir Arsitektur yang berjudul “Pusat Seni Fotografi di Semarang”.
Laporan ini disusun sebagai persyaratan menempuh Proyek Akhir Arsitektur pada program studi arsitektur Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.
Penyusunan laporan Landasan Teori dan Program ini tak lepas dari bantuan, bimbingan serta dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengucapkan ucapan terima kasih kepada :
1. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA., PhD. Selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain.
2. Maria Damiana Nestri Kiswari, ST, MSc. Selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur.
3. Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT. Selaku Koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 73 Periode 2017 / 2018.
4. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St B, MT. Selaku Dosen Pembimbing Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 73 periode 2017 / 2018.
5. Seluruh narasumber dan penyedia data yang menyediakan kebutuhan informasi sebagai dasar penyusunan laporan LTP.
Laporan ini tidak luput dari kekurangan, maka penulis sangat menghargai dan menerima kritik maupun saran serta masukan positif dari berbagai pihak demi perbaikan penulisan laporan ini.
Semarang, 20 Maret 2018 Penulis,
Galih Ridho Prabowo
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .........................Error! Bookmark not defined.1.4.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data .................................................... 7
1.5.2 BAB II : Tinjauan Proyek....................................................... 13
1.5.1 BAB I : Pendahuluan ............................................................ 12
1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan............................................................ 12
1.4.4 Metode Perancangan Arsitektur ........................................... 11
1.4.3 Metode Pemrograman .......................................................... 11
1.4.2 Metode Penyusunan dan Analisis .......................................... 9
1.4 Metode Pembahasan .................................................................... 7
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ..........................Error! Bookmark not defined. PRAKATA .................................................................................................. v DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................. vii DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................xi DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................xv DAFTAR SKEMA ..................................................................................... xvi
1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................... 6
1.2.2 Sasaran Pembahasan ............................................................ 5
1.2.1 Tujuan..................................................................................... 5
1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ................................................ 5
1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek .................................................................. 1
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. 1
1.5.3 BAB III : Analisis Pendekatan Program Arsitektur ................ 13
1.5.4 BAB IV : Program Arsitektur ................................................. 13
2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan ......................................... 53
3.1.4 Studi Besaran Bangunan dan Lahan Parkir.......................... 86
3.1.3 Studi Ruang Khusus ............................................................. 80
3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas ....................................................................... 63
3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ....................................................................... 55
3.1 Analisis Pendekatan Arsitektur .................................................... 55
BAB III ANALISIS PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................ 55
2.3.3 Anggapan ............................................................................. 54
2.3.2 Batasan ................................................................................ 53
2.3.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 53
2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain .......................................................... 52
1.5.5 BAB V : Kajian Teori ............................................................. 13
2.2.5 Studi Banding Kasus Proyek Sejenis.................................... 40
2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kota......................................................... 37
2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ..................................... 35
2.2.2 Kegiatan ............................................................................... 28
2.2.1 Terminologi ........................................................................... 26
2.2 Tinjauan Khusus ......................................................................... 21
2.1.3 Sasaran yang akan dicapai .................................................. 20
2.1.2 Latar Belakang - Perkembangan - Tren................................ 16
2.1.1 Gambaran Umum ................................................................. 14
2.1 Tinjauan Umum ........................................................................... 14
3.1.5 Studi Citra Arsitektural .......................................................... 98
3.2 Analisis Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ...................................... 99
4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan .......................................................... 157
4.3.6 Program Sistem Teknologi ................................................. 174
4.3.5 Program Sistem Utilitas ...................................................... 171
4.3.4 Program Sistem Pencahayaan dan Penghawaan .............. 169
4.3.3 Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure............................. 168
4.3.2 Program Besaran Ruang .................................................... 166
4.3.1 Program Kegiatan dan Fasilitas .......................................... 161
4.3 Program Arsitektur .................................................................... 161
4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ....................................... 159
4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ............................................. 158
4.2 Tujuan, Faktor Penentu, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ...... 157
3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure .................................... 99
4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ................................................................. 157
4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ...................................................................... 156
4.1.1 Aspek Citra / Performa Arsitektural .................................... 156
4.1 Konsep Program ....................................................................... 156
BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR........................................................ 156
3.3.2 Analisis Pemilihan Tapak.................................................... 149
3.3.1 Analisis Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................... 138
3.3 Analisis Konteks Lingkungan .................................................... 138
3.2.4 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ............................................. 137
3.2.3 Studi Sistem Utilitas ............................................................ 123
4.3.7 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ................................................. 175
BAB V KAJIAN TEORI .......................................................................... 182
5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan / Tema Desain .................................... 182
5.1.2 Studi Preseden ................................................................... 185
5.1.3 Kemungkinan Implementasi Teori Penekanan Desain ....... 187
5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan / Fokus Kajian ................ 188
5.2.1 Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Permasalahan Dominan ........... 188
5.2.2 Studi Preseden ................................................................... 190
5.2.3 Kemungkinan Implementasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan192 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................... 194 LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................. 196
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1 Lomba fotografi HUT Semarang 2017 ................................. 17 Gambar 2. 2 Logo salah satu komunitas fotografi di Kota Semarang ...... 17 Gambar 2. 3 Acara dan pameran fotografi dalam mall ............................. 19 Gambar 2. 4 Underwater fotografi ............................................................ 23 Gambar 2. 5 Still life fotografi ................................................................... 23 Gambar 2. 6 Arsitektur fotografi ............................................................... 24 Gambar 2. 7 Food fotografi ...................................................................... 24 Gambar 2. 8 Portraiture fotografi .............................................................. 25 Gambar 2. 9 Fashion fotografi .................................................................. 25 Gambar 2. 10 Peta pembagian BWK Semarang ...................................... 37 Gambar 2. 11 Third eye space ................................................................. 41 Gambar 2. 12 Ruang studio 1 .................................................................. 42 Gambar 2. 13 Ruang studio 2 .................................................................. 42 Gambar 2. 14 Laboratorium foto .............................................................. 43 Gambar 2. 15 Kafetaria ............................................................................ 43 Gambar 2. 16 Ruang rias dan ruang ganti ............................................... 44 Gambar 2. 17 Tempat ibadah .................................................................. 44 Gambar 2. 18 Jonas Photo entrance........................................................ 45 Gambar 2. 19 Studio foto ......................................................................... 46 Gambar 2. 20 Kafe giggle box .................................................................. 46 Gambar 2. 21 Toko souvenir .................................................................... 47 Gambar 2. 22 Dia.Lo.Gue ........................................................................ 47 Gambar 2. 23 Area galeri ......................................................................... 48 Gambar 2. 24 Toko souvenir .................................................................... 49 Gambar 2. 25 Area café ........................................................................... 49 Gambar 2. 26 Area taman hijau ............................................................... 50 Gambar 2. 27 Situasi area galeri .............................................................. 50 Gambar 2. 28 Suasana di area galeri....................................................... 51
Gambar 3. 1 Studi hall studio ................................................................... 80 Gambar 3. 2 Studi area galeri .................................................................. 81 Gambar 3. 3 Studi ruang workshop .......................................................... 82 Gambar 3. 4 Studi ruang studio komersial ............................................... 83 Gambar 3. 5 Studi area ampitheatre ........................................................ 84 Gambar 3. 6 Contoh area garden............................................................. 85 Gambar 3. 7 Studi area garden ................................................................ 85 Gambar 3. 8 Pondasi batu belah ............................................................ 100 Gambar 3. 9 Pondasi footplate ............................................................... 101 Gambar 3. 10 Pondasi raft / rakit............................................................ 101 Gambar 3. 11 retaining wall ................................................................... 102 Gambar 3. 12 Struktur skeleton ............................................................. 103 Gambar 3. 13 Struktur skeleton baja konvesional .................................. 103 Gambar 3. 14 Struktur atap baja ringan ................................................. 104 Gambar 3. 15 Struktur shell ................................................................... 104 Gambar 3. 16 Struktur folded plate ........................................................ 105 Gambar 3. 17 keramik ............................................................................ 107 Gambar 3. 18 lantai parket ..................................................................... 108 Gambar 3. 19 lantai plester ekspos ........................................................ 108 Gambar 3. 20 penutup lantai karpet ....................................................... 109 Gambar 3. 21 dinding batu bata ............................................................. 109 Gambar 3. 22 dinding partisi .................................................................. 110 Gambar 3. 23 dinding blok beton ........................................................... 110 Gambar 3. 24 dinding kayu .................................................................... 111 Gambar 3. 25 batu alam ......................................................................... 111 Gambar 3. 26 plafond gypsum ............................................................... 112 Gambar 3. 27 plafon PVC ...................................................................... 112 Gambar 3. 28 dak beton ......................................................................... 113 Gambar 3. 29 Roof garden ..................................................................... 113 Gambar 3. 30 Polycarbonate ................................................................. 114 Gambar 3. 31 Roof glass ....................................................................... 114
Gambar 3. 32 skylight ............................................................................ 116 Gambar 3. 33 skylight ............................................................................ 116 Gambar 3. 34 bukaan dinding ................................................................ 117 Gambar 3. 35 Lampu TL ........................................................................ 118 Gambar 3. 36 Lampu SL ........................................................................ 118 Gambar 3. 37 Lampu halogen ................................................................ 119 Gambar 3. 38 Lampu LED ..................................................................... 119 Gambar 3. 39 Exhaust Fan .................................................................... 122 Gambar 3. 40 AC direct .......................................................................... 123 Gambar 3. 41 Indirect cooling ................................................................ 123 Gambar 3. 42 Lubang biopori ................................................................. 127 Gambar 3. 43 Tangga darurat luar bangunan ........................................ 128 Gambar 3. 44 Pintu darurat .................................................................... 129 Gambar 3. 45 Sprinkler .......................................................................... 129 Gambar 3. 46 APAR............................................................................... 130 Gambar 3. 47 Hydrant ............................................................................ 131 Gambar 3. 48 Hydrant lingkungan.......................................................... 132 Gambar 3. 49 Walky-talky ...................................................................... 133 Gambar 3. 50 jaringan internet ............................................................... 133 Gambar 3. 51 sistem jendela anidolic .................................................... 137 Gambar 3. 52 Pintu otomatis .................................................................. 138 Gambar 3. 53 interactive information ..................................................... 138 Gambar 3. 54 Peta rencana pelayanan struktur ..................................... 139 Gambar 3. 55 Peta kecamatan Semarang Tengah ................................ 140 Gambar 3. 56 Peta kecamatan Semarang Timur ................................... 141 Gambar 3. 57 Peta kecamatan Semarang Selatan ................................ 142 Gambar 3. 58 Peta kecamatan Candisari .............................................. 143 Gambar 3. 59 Peta kecamatan Gajahmungkur ...................................... 144 Gambar 3. 60 Peta kecamatan Semarang Barat ................................... 145 Gambar 3. 61 Peta kecamatan Semarang Utara ................................... 146 Gambar 3. 62 Peta udara tapak A .......................................................... 150
Gambar 3. 63 Peta teknik tapak A.......................................................... 150 Gambar 3. 64 Peta udara tapak B .......................................................... 153 Gambar 3. 65 peta teknik tapak B .......................................................... 153 Gambar 4. 1 peta kecamatan Candisari ................................................. 176 Gambar 4. 2 peta udara tapak A ............................................................ 177 Gambar 4. 3 Peta udara eksisting tapak A ............................................. 180 Gambar 4. 4 foto eksisting sekitar tapak A ............................................. 181 Gambar 5. 1 High museum of art ........................................................... 185 Gambar 5. 2 High museum of art ........................................................... 186 Gambar 5. 3 High museum of art ........................................................... 187 Gambar 5. 4 Prinsip penerapan cahaya alami ....................................... 189 Gambar 5. 5 Roodebloem Studio ........................................................... 190 Gambar 5. 6 Roodebloem Studio ........................................................... 191 Gambar 5. 7 Roodebloem Studio ........................................................... 191
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1. 1 Perkiraan persebaran komunitas fotografi di Indonesia............. 1 Tabel 1. 2 Nama komunitas fotografi di Kota Semarang ............................ 2 Tabel 1. 3 Jumlah lomba fotografi di Kota Semarang ................................ 3 Tabel 2. 1 Tabel fasilitas dan kegiatan ..................................................... 32 Tabel 2. 2 Kriteria kemiringan daerah ...................................................... 38 Tabel 3. 1 Pengelompokan kegiatan utama ............................................. 55 Tabel 3. 2 Pengelompokan kegiatan pelayanan public ............................ 57 Tabel 3. 3 Pengelompokan kegiatan pengelolaan.................................... 58 Tabel 3. 4 Pengelompokan kegiatan penunjang ...................................... 58 Tabel 3. 5 Waktu operasional bangunan .................................................. 62 Tabel 3. 6 Analisis pendekatan kebutuhan ruang .................................... 63 Tabel 3. 7 Kebutuhan ruang ..................................................................... 70 Tabel 3. 8 Analisis persyaratan ruang ...................................................... 71 Tabel 3. 9 Analisis jumlah pengelola ........................................................ 74 Tabel 3. 10 Jumlah pengunjung tahun 2015-2017 ................................... 75 Tabel 3. 11 Anggota komunitas di Kota Semarang .................................. 79 Tabel 3. 12 Studi luas kegiatan utama ..................................................... 87 Tabel 3. 13 Studi luas kegiatan pelayanan publik .................................... 88 Tabel 3. 14 Studi luas kegiatan pengelola ................................................ 90 Tabel 3. 15 Studi luas kegiatan penunjang .............................................. 93 Tabel 3. 16 Studi luas kegiatan outdoor ................................................... 95 Tabel 3. 17 Tabel rekapitulasi total kegiatan ............................................ 96 Tabel 3. 18 Analisis sistem struktur bangunan ....................................... 100 Tabel 3. 19 Analisis sistem enclosure bangunan ................................... 107 Tabel 3. 20 Matriks pemilihan kecamatan di BWK I ............................... 147 Tabel 3. 21 Matriks pemilihan kecamatan di BWK II .............................. 147 Tabel 3. 22 Matriks pemilihan kecamatan di BWK III ............................. 148 Tabel 3. 23 Skoring pemilihan kecamatan ............................................. 148
Tabel 3. 24 Analisis eksisting tapak A .................................................... 151 Tabel 3. 25 Analisis eksisting tapak B .................................................... 154 Tabel 3. 26 Skoring alternative tapak ..................................................... 155 Tabel 4. 1 pengelompokan kegiatan utama ........................................... 161 Tabel 4. 2 pengelompokan kegiatan pelayanan public........................... 163 Tabel 4. 3 pengelompokan kegiatan pengelola ...................................... 164 Tabel 4. 4 pengelompokan kegiatan penunjang ..................................... 164 Tabel 4. 5 program besaran ruang ......................................................... 166 Tabel 4. 6 Analisis eksisting tapak A ...................................................... 179
DAFTAR SKEMA
Skema 1. 1 Skema analisis dan penyusunan .......................................... 10 Skema 3. 1 Pola aktivitas datang ............................................................. 60 Skema 3. 2 Pola aktivitas pulang / pergi .................................................. 60 Skema 3. 3 Pola aktivitas pengunjung ..................................................... 60 Skema 3. 4 Pola aktivitas pengunjung fotografer ..................................... 61 Skema 3. 5 Pola aktivitas pengelola......................................................... 61