Table Type Sun Drying for Seaweed Preservation.
Edited by
Muhammad Yahaya
Applied Mechanics and Materials
ISSN: I660-9116. ISSN/ISO: Applicd Mechanics and
Materials
!o!!bier, r., 1os sprinsoare Lane, Mi|tersv,fl1',j3f;^ r,uu,
Iy, X'P', Huaqiao Universi$, MOE Engineer Research Center for Britfle Materiats
Xiamen, China P.R., 36i 021
Machining
Editorial Board:
Y.S. ,Harbin lnstitute rcf
9!"nS'
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Ulaterials and
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Technologies in
Industry and
Manufacture
Edited bv
Muhammad yahayi
pler reviewed papers from
the
-2013lnternational
Selecte_d,
Conference
Mech anicar, Autom otive
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Preface
participants will have
keynote speaker to deliver their speech in the conference- All
for participants'
chance to discuss with the speakers face to fuce, which is very helpful
During the organization course, we have got help
departments, and different institutions. Here, we wo
ifferent
slncere
Te
ind and
be
should
the
authors
enthusiastic help and supPort for our conference. Secondly,
all
thanked too for their enthusiastic wdting attitudes toward their Papers. Thirdly,
members of program chairs, revietvers and program committees should also be
thanks to Mr. Thomas Wohlbier, Anae and Trans
appreciated for their hard rvork.
In a word, it is the different
on July 26-27,2013, Hong
suggestions to improve our
hope to get your supporting all the way.
be successful
give us good
' And we also
Next year, lul2}14,we look forward to seeing all of you at CMAME 2014'
Organiziu g Committees,
CMAME2OI3
Hong Kong
Advisory Committee
Prof, Ming Liang, University of Ottawa, Canada
Prof. Muhammad yahaya, UKM Malaysia
Prof. Chi-Cheng Cheng, National Sun yat-Sen University, Taiwan
Conference Co-Chairs
Prof. Adel A, Sharif, California State University Los Angeles, USA
Prof. Chul Ho Han, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea
Prof. M. Chandrasekaran, Vels University, India
Technical program Committee Chairs
Prof. Raghuvir pai 8., Manipal University,
India
Prof. Ahalapitiy_a Jayatissa, The University
of Toledo, USA
Prof. Woo Vang :ang, Cnosun Uniruoity,
Xo."a
Prof. Jianwen Jiang, Nationat University
of Singapore, Singapore
Publication Chair
Prof. Yuming yuan, Hubei University,
China
Prof. Quan Zhou, Hubei polytechnic
University, China
International program Committees
Prof' Komson Jirapattarasilp, King Mongkut,s University
of rechnorogy
Thonburi (KMUTT), Thaitand
Prof. Ng Hoon Kiat, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia
Prof' Mostafa Ranjbar, Isramic Azad University-pardis
Branch, Iran
Prof. Md, Hasanuizaman, Universiry of r.lalaya, Malaysia
Prof. Raj Das, University of Auckland, New Zealand
prof. P.Ranjith kumar, M.A.M. College of Engineering,
India
prof. Ho-sung Lee, Korea Aerospace Research
Institute, Korea
Prof. Nader Nariman-zadeh, Guilan University, Iran
prof
. p Sarah, Vardhaman College of Engineering, India
Prof. Achilles Vairis, TEI of Crete, Greece
Prof. Mete Kalyoncu, SelEuk University, Turkey
prof. Kalipada Maity, Nationar Institute
of rechnorogy Rourkera, India
Prof. Kelvin Kian Loong Wong, RMIT University, Australia
Prof. Ramis M.K, p.A College of Engineering, Mangalore,
India
Prof' Jinan Basheer Ar-Dabbagh, Universrti Maraysia pahang,
Maraysia
Prof. K.N.Pandey, M.N.National Institute of Technology,
India
Prof. Satoshi Takei, Electronic Material Laboratory,
Japan
Prof. Musa Omar Abdalta, University of
Jordan, lordan
Prof. K. Senthilkumaran, VIT University.
India
Prof. M.Pradeep Kumar, Anna university,
India
Prof. Kyoungjin Kim, Kumoh National
Institute of Technology, Korea
Prof. Se Woong Kim, Kumoh National
Institute of Technology, Korea
Prof. Sorin IUE, University of pitesti,
Romania
Prof. Zden6k Majer, Brno University
of Technology, Czech
Prof. Tomas Ucol-Ganiron, Jr.,
eassim University_Buraidah, KSA
Prof, Atef A. Ata, Alexandria University,
Egypt
Prof. Bruce Moulton, University
of Technology Sydney, Australia
Sponsors
-
China Science and Technology Exchange
Association, China
UKM Mataysia, Malaysia
Vels University, India
Table of Contents
cbapter r: Materiars Science, structurar composites,
Materiar processing
Anarysis and Modering oflvafer Thermar rransfer
in a pECVD
Reactor
H.X. Xia, D. Xiaog, p. Mou and H.
Effect of Physicar parameterc on DeNOx conversion
in selective catatytic
Converter Used in Diesel Vehicles
A.p. Manoj Kumar and p.
Zhang--....-....
............3
Mohanan.................
.............. 13
Powder lnjection Molding of 20'40 Yol.o/o
silicon carbide particulate-Reinforced
Aluminum Composites
T' Patcharawit, P. Tongkhon, A. wiangsamut, p.
Auisungnoen
The study of Manufacturing and Ingot
characterization
M. Kasnan
and N. chuankrerkkul ..............
""""""""".-"""'23
pigment
z'Q' Zhaag and Y' wu""""""""-"" .
.'.
Dyeing of Blended Fabric with
,10,,,:
................30
Sun Drying for Seaweed preservation
LW. Surata, T.G.T. Njndhia ana I.K.A.
1rO"
SPS Method
n_iltu..:...........................
........34
for Manufacturing Carbide Materials
N. Jalabadze, L. Nadaraia
rnai.
ff,urarL"..........._...
.,.....................38
Friction stir werding- oJDissimirar
Sxxx to 6xxx Ar Aroys: A Review
S.N. pandya and
J.V. Menghani
SifllTJ.lNbrNbssi3
ra
.........._..._........
situ composites Fabricated via sparkprasma
sintering
W.Y. Long, X.Y- Zou, W.D. Wang
and J.p.
Effect
Reinfo
Z.L.
rr::---Microstructure
te
, R. Zhou and
k'fi,.jffi-*diction
yao..............
"".--""""""""""'' ......4g
y.D.
Sui...............
............54
Jin""""""""
..............60
Acet;rlene Ignition process
in Combustion Thermal Spra5,
w'L' Guo and Z'
Guo
In-Plane Shear Damage prediction
of composite Sandwich paner with
Foam Core
A. Mostafa and K. Shankar.,.-...
.....
............42
of Matrix in Tungsten Carbide
of Fire Extinguishing pipeline by
Ivleans of Extreme varue
J'A' Jeong and c'K'
tz
of rJ-zrArtoys
........:.
The Inhuences of Reheating process
to the semi-sorid Microstructure
Hypereutectic At-22Si-l.qrFe_l joMi
aii"v uv Cooting Stope
L' Li and R.F.
....,......65
.................69
of
Zhou....
Laminar Burning verocity
and Flammability characteristics
of Biogas in spark
rgnjted Premix Combustion
,t n"au""J p.oru..
W. Anggono, l. Wardana, M.
Lawr r,Ii.i.-ff,rgt.r, S. Watryudi and
...........i4
N. Hamidi........ .......-........-.7g
,//
Materials and Diverse Technologies in lndustry and Manufacture
Chapter 2: Nanomaterials Science
Effect of TiOr Nanoparticlcs on Tensile and Photodegredation Behavior of
Biopolymer Films Based on Poly@utylene Succinate)
A. Buasri, N. Chaiyut, V3 Lo4menyong, M. Worachat, R. Kanchanapradit and
Baibou
S.
............89
Effects of pH on Tin Nanoparticles Prepared Using a Modified Polyol Synthesis
S.S. Chee and J.H.
Lee..............,
...............93
Nanofiber: Applhations and Implementation in Advancc Water Treatment
Techniques
M.O. Adaz, S. Faia U.A. Sama( F.S. Al Mubaddel, M. Luqman and O.Y. Al Othman.............9'1
Chapter3: Mechanical Propefties of Materials, Deformation, Coating
Engineering
Finite Element Study on the Influence of Shear Key Diameter on the Shear
Performance of Composite Sandwich Panel with PU Foam Core
A. Mostafa and K. Shankar........
.-...........103
Study on the Rock Slope Landslide Caused by Earth Penetrating Weapon Explosion
l.Z. Hao, C.C. Shi, J. Li and Y.H. Sun
..--..................... 108
Stress Analysis of the Suspended Centrifuge Drum for Sugar
S, Zhang, W. Wang, C.G. Huang andY.Z.
Li-..............-,
..-........--...-. I 13
1000mm2 conductor creep characteristics and remperature Reduction value
Y. Qi, X.M. Rui, J.C. Wan and J.H.
Li..........
...-........... 1l g
Effects of Hard Segment Contents on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Gap-Based
Polyurethane Elastom ers
H.Q. Ding, L.Q, Xiao, W.L. Zhou, L,R. He and H,L. Zharrg..........
.......................125
Strength of Extreme Soils Blended with Fly Ashes for pavement
S:M.P.
Kumar..........
............130
Effect of Internal Pressure and Dent Depth on Strain Distribution of Pressurized
Pipe Subjected to Indentation
M. Ramezani and T. Neitzert
...................
135
Research on In-Planestatic Mechanical performance of Honeycomb paperboard
Based on Virtual Simulation
X.N. Mu, C. Sun, L.Q. Huang and y.S. Ma.-...-.........
.......................140
Migrostructure and Hardness of Fe-Based Coating by plasma cladding
L.M. Wang, J.B. Liu and J.S. Jiang............
............,..... 144
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties Study of the Magnetorheological Elastomer
G.H. Li, X.G. Huang, X.Y. Gu and J. Wang
..............._l4E
Microstructure and Mechanical propertiesof ri/cu-cr/S20c and Ti/cu-Ag/S20c
CIad Composites
J.S. Ha and S.I.
Hong...........
....................153
Investigation on Effect of the Pitch of shear Keys on the In-plane Shear
Performance of Sandwich Panels with PU Foam Core: FE Study
A. Mostafa and K.
Shankar-.......
.._.-...._-...
l5g
Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Treatment (TMT) on Hardness of Heat-Treated AlMg-Si (6082) Alloys: Experimental Correlation Using (DOE) Method
M.M. Tash and S. Alkahtani.-............
.....................
......163
Applied Mechanics and Materiats Vol.
376
stress rntensity Factor of Different position prates
with Eccentric
yan
M.M. Wang, M.
ff:iil:crack
C. He, S.M.
and X.J.
2ha..............
crack
................ t73
lnitiation Mechanism of Atuminium Alloy
wetded Joint in Gigacycle
Cui,y.L
Wang
Wu, Z.F. Luo and
e.y.
.......-...............177
stress Anarysis of Reered composite piperines
Based on sharow she, Theories
B.M. Thar, M. Zahuaniza and M.B. faunq..............-.
.-.:::_::_...
"""""""""""""-""""""' l8l
Pipeline Reeling
B.M. Thar, M. Zahianizaand M. Badri Taufiq
Effect of surface preparation by Non-Directionar
Grinding on properties of
D2 Plasma-Nitride Layer
S. Rajsiri, T. Kraiha" L. plangklang and
U.
........... t85
ArsI
Cbairue........
.................. 190
Chapter 4: Computing Methods and Algorithms
Solving Job Shop scheduring probrem Based
on Emproyee Avaitabirity constraint
.........-.-r97
Ilomotopy-perturbation Methods for
Solving
ft
squa*:,"ldi;
;;;,;;;;;i;;;;;";o;;;;;r";
Apprication or Least
;;
T.y. Guo, w. Liu, z.j.ot,H.c:want;ar.v.
."""
"
Singh...........
.................220
...........22.4
2.W.Wan......:.............
Z.y. Zhang,A.e.
#rTffi||i ffiiff
s'JZhang
or a n ocea n Um b iricar ca b re usin
g th
Zhang and e.F.
-....231
e
2hang..........
orthe Proportional controt Four-wheer
steering vehicre
andH.Z.-sur..............
Ia":fiTl,i[]".il:''*'Problem
207
:.............._....216
versed by Moving Masses
Using
No_nlinear Numerical Anatysis
of SRC Frame Middle Joints
C. Li, Y. Zou, J. Kong and
W.C. Quan,
'
cro.._-..:..._.._:_
d S.S.K.
il"";?il:fi 'fil"?#:H#:flffi
"
............236
............243
in the Simulation statics Anarysis program
of High
M. Yan, M.M. Wing and X.J. Z]hu..............
Application of ootimar Algorithm
on Trajectory planning of Mechanicar
Arm
Based on B-Spline Curve
...-.............24g
T.Y. Guo, F. Li, K. Huang F.Z.
Zhangand
e.Feng.............
............253
using Genetic Algorithm for the
PrD control
of
voice
v'Dv coil
vvrr
-:---:
atlu:rrr
Actuator
precision
:-'
in A
Locating System and simuration
w.J.
Zhang
Random Vibration Anarvsis.
for a Building under
*:::::
z.y. sun, H. wang, y.S. zrang ana r.w.'yun Evorutionary irandom Excitations
....:.....::.:l
.....257
..........262
Materials and Diverse Technologies in lndustry and Manufacture
Application of Ariom
System in the Construction Method of BDI)
x.
zhang and D.H.
Hr.....-_.._..:_..*
..........
.........267
Artificiel Immune system
for Multiple-Fuel-Constrained Generation scheduling
c L chiang .
--.-;-: -. --::: :- -::::::::::::- :-::-::::- :-:::-::-:
..
.
272
Chapter 5: Experimeutal
Methods and Studies
Experimental Study
on Hydraulic characteristics of X-shape Flaring Gate pier and
,.$:i1'1,f,j.::f
.,.,.1.:.r*rd,rt"aei..evi'issipator
qeftLqM;;::;:::ffi;;;;t"t:'
Irnprovements in the performance
of Impressed current cathodic protection
system with variabre
Resistor at vlrious Environmentar conditions
J-A' Jeongand c.K. Jin.....
',',rnr.
.......................2gg
Solar Flat Plate Collector when
Experimental Study
.
Channiwala
Experimen&l Investigation
of COz Separation from Lignite Flue Gases bv 100
Single IVlolten
Carbonate Fuel Cell
J' Milewski, W. Bujalski,
M. WJou,ica K. Futyma and R.
ffffi f;"lfifl
,
The Application
of Lightweight visuatization
H.J.
yin
and
y.
cm2
Bernat..........
Modeltin g, Sim utatio n a nd optimizatio n Techn
Development
.........294
rr",-rrro""au,.r"
........_....2gg
olo gies,
to Aircraft
Hu................
study on Numericar
simutation Method of Aerodynamic performance of Highspeed Train on
Bridge
...................307
C'Q. Xiang, W.H.
Guo and J.W. Zhang .......,..
Aer
..............-i 12
erical Simulation of Terminal-sensitive projectile at
Dec
J.
g
Trajectory
and X.D.
Ma...............
u1a$i1e the CAD-CAE
coilaborative process using Cotored petri
e F Sun and H Zhao.
__l_
...-...317
Ners
:: :::-:_: :_ :::::::::
OtTT"l
Design of a Speed Reducer
rvr... Lrn and J.F.
Tsai......_......
of Gun support
Pl:lltll"
r,rnear
FEA
32i
................327
structure using Equivarent Dynamic Approach in Non
Thite
A.
.................331
::::::y*::::.'"'
336
::l':"::*:::
34I
r Simulating
t,.r",rr", O;;:,
4n9...............
.........345
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vot. 376
)recision Motion offfrativ-e Learning Controller
Using Adaptive Filter Bandwidth
g by Improved. Particle Swarm Optim ization tecf, n iq ue
l'u nin
y.C. Huang, S.T. Li and K.H.
peng.............
............,...349
r Numerical study on the optimum Design of Mechanicar wind-suppry and
imoke-Exhausting Systems Based on the Bench-Scale Long channel
Y' Li
""""""
"""""""""""'354
iimulation of the Performance of a Twin-Rotor piston Engine
T.A.Zol, C.Y. Pan, H.J. Xu andX. 2tang.........iurface Lunar Soil Excavation Simulation Based on ThreeDimensional Discrete
ilement Method
H, Gao, D.W. Zhang B. Liu and L.C.
Duan
........360
................366
itudy on OptimizatioT_D1ign Technique of Aviation Gear Body
Y.Y. Shi, R. Yang, X.F. Kong, M.e. Zhang and J.H.
Li...............:.
.......................371
ierration Design and simuration of Gear plunge shaving cutter
S.L. Chang, C.K, Huang, K.H. Doan and J.H.
f.lo............L.
.....,.......377
Designing Fuzzy Backstepping Adaptive Based Fuzzy Estimator
Variable Structure
lontrol : Applied to lnternal Combustion Engine
M.J. Nekooei, J. Jaswar and A.
..............-.......3g3
priyanto
itructural Design and Analysis of the Ivlotionlink in the Dynamic Assembled
ScrewDriven Device
Y.F. Feng, X.J. Xu, H.J. Xu, X- Zhang, F.L. Zhod and
R.
Wang
......390
{'pplication of variable structure control on Muti-Axle
vehicle Steering System
C. Liu, L. Yu and X.H. Gao.....
................395
Dptimization of Spillway weir to Mitigate Gas Entrainment
in a Fast Reactor
G. Senthilkumar and S.
Ramachandrari
..-.-...................4a2
Modalcharacteristics of compressoiiraa"scorria"iing
Fluid-Solid Interaction
Q.G. Luo, D.Y. Si, Z.G. Ran and X.D.
Wang...........
........................407
Anatysis of piezoetectric vibration contror IVrethods for
Autobody
9:Ip:lt:glStructure
Ihin-Wall
C.L. Shen. X.W. An, y. Han and D.X.
Wang.._........
Machining of NURBS Surfaces using Three-Axis
NC Miiling Machine
S.S. Yeh, W.C. Chen and J.T. Sun...L..........
of
S; prabhakara
Comparison
.Vlodules Using
.........,.....,........41 I
.................417
I Gear for Different Materials and
....-...............423
sim ulation of
MEMS cantilever Biosensor and Analysis of Readout Methods
for
Iuberculosis Detection
P. Sangeetha and A.V. Ju1iet............
........42g
Materials and Diverse Technologies in lndustry
and Manufacture
Nollilear Adaptive
Feedback control for spacecraft prorimity Formstion Frying
T. Xi, J.C. Li and W.e.
pan.....
.............-..446
signal Detection Technolog5r for Low voltage Arc Fault
circuit rnterrupter using
FPGA
S.C. Wang, H.C. Lee and C.J.
Wu..........,....
................451
Dynamic Targets Detection for Robotic Applications
using panoramic caqera
Based on Optical Flow
W. Zhu, L. Tian, F. Di, J.L. Li and K.J. Li.........
......._..455
chapter 8: Advanced rechnologies in rndustry, safety and
Assessment
Distribution and Potential Risk of copper in surface Sediments
of Anping Harbor,
I atlTan
C.D. Dong, C.F. Chen and C.W.
Chen........._..
.............463
Hazard Identilication & Risk Assesment in New
chessis Assembty Line
J' Sripathi Raja" M. Siva Prakash, N. Vellaichamy,
K.L. Senthil Kumar and K. pa1ani.............46g
IRjfeader Compression in IEEE g02.tl Mac Layer
M. Boopathi and M.p. Vani.............
Petri-Net Apptied in putverizing System
Retiability Analysis
y.
Li............
........476
........................481
Research.on Evatuating Methods of
Automobile Energy-saving for Management
Technology
X. Li, L. Liu and
2.X.Li.........
.................489
CHAPTER 1:
Materials science, structural composites,
Material Processing
Applied Mectwnics and Moterials Vol. i76 (2013) pp
@ P013) Trons Tbch Publicotions, Switzerland
doi: I 0. 4 l28httttw. scientific-net/AMM. 3 7 6.3 4
ja-j7
Table Type Sun Drying for Seaweed Preservation
I Wayan
Suratal'', Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia2'b, I Ketut Adi Atmika3''
12'3Mechanical Engineering Department, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali-lndonesia
uemail: [email protected], bemail: [email protected], "email: adiatmika@yahoo'com
Keywords: seaweed, table type sun drying, water content, impurities, brightness.
Abstracl Open srn drying is one of the oldest techniques employed for processing agricultural
plastic sheet on the
products- The local pro"tl.i of drying the seaweed is by spreading it over a
dryrng seaweed has
of
practice
glound and exposinj it to the ,ur. Urforn nately, such taditional
j
and other impurities ' as
led to increased risk of contamination of seawee 6y aust and sand pafiicles
to examine the effect
conducted
was
research
well as seaweed often suffer from lower quality. This
of application of table type sun drying on
qua
oontent, level of impurities, and brightress. The
surface, with holes for circulation. The surface
reduce level
The results ofstudy showed that table type sun drying reduced water content rapidly,
of impurities, and improve brightness of dried seaweed-
Introduction
pro
aecreasi 1t
the surface
Ithough
does not
teristic is
| - 35 o/o'
As mentioned by Anggadiredja et al. [1] and also ln&iani and Suminarsih [4] special for Euchema
is by
the level of impuritiei-requirement shoul
such
spreading it over a plastic sheet on the
traditional practice oi aryiog seaweed ha
and sand particles and otirerlmpurlties. According to Visavale [5], the open sun drying method does
not fulfili the required quallty standard and iometimes the products cannot be sold in the
international market- Many exptrter companies complain about the quality of dried seaweed that is
sold by the farmers. The main complaint is conceming the water content and impurities which
exceeds the standard quality for export, and caused the price slumped [6].
Nusa Penida has good potency related to seaweed. The effort to increase quality of dried
namely table O/Pe sun drying.
seaweed is a must to frtntt ixport itaraard
ssified into several categories
Sun dryers are available in a range size a
e, mode of drying and type of
depending on the following factori such as
produ.t to be driea [7]. T[ese dr;rers are expected will increase the quality, and the products will
trighter in color andappearan"" [41. The dryers are easily to buil4 cost effective, and operation is
drying seaweed where
simple and sraightforward [9]. Table type
effii-skilled
labor'
farming is mostly canied outty small farmer,
e
on the
type
sun
drying
ThiJresearch-was conducted to examine th
of
of
impurities,
and
brightness
level
quality of dried seaweed, through indicators of water content,
dried seaweed.
Material and Methods
This experimental study was executed at Ped village in Nusa Penida Island' The dryer
constructed in the form of table type within 90 cm height. The. stmcture made from lvood or
bamboo, drying surface made from blackened aluminum plate with holes, as depicted in Fig. l.
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol.37G
Btackcucd Alunimro uith holes
Fig.
1
Design oftable type sun drying
e, and drying surfrce. The rectangular base
rfrce. The drying surface of tlre 4 m2 modet
surface was built from blackened aluminum for
with diameter 7 mm each hole for air and water
0 kg wet seaweed. Drying process was done bv
and exposing it to the sun.
lesult and Discussion
lharacteristic of dryer
table
dail
I aluminum surface is 40. I
Characteristics of
erature and wind velocity on
Z, with average temperature
'71
te drying surface. The
,C.
(J
-60
9so
o
L
=40
(g
L
8E
,o
30
20
-#Aluminum *plastic .-#Ambient
.ro
:0
08.00 09.00 1o.oo 11.@
12.(D
15.00
16.00
Time
rhe differenc.
ort.*p".il,sr.1IiHffi?Ji
;tTi,,,,ili:l;;;*i;",;,,
than prastic,
and
r^^^ ...1:_L r.-
ff#i:,i*',lfJ;i
wind velocihf was measured by placing anemometer
on the surface of dryer during drying
uu"-g" wind velocity at atuminum surface is 1.87 + 0.g7 m./s,
and at plastic
period' The
surface
36
Materials and Diverse Technorogies in rndustry and
Manufacture
100
6\
Iso
()
,c)E80
b70
,r€
60
50
40
30
*Aluminum -+-plastic
20
10
0
08.00 1O.OO 12.00
14.00
14.00
16.00
Time
Fig. 3 Water contentreduction
Applied Mechanlcs and Materials Vol.376
rily
when
{:d^bf
37
aluminum surface that }as many holes. while
using plastic sheet sea water
vapuated and left the salt crystals on the surfa e of the seaweed.
ionclusion
Based on discussion an{ analysis that obtained aom this study,
it can be concluded that table
rye sul. dr.ying had better performance than grying uring pr"rti. sheet. The quatity of dried
aweed is improved, with significant reductions in wa-ter
impurities level, and brighter
"o"-t"ni*a
I botb color and appearance.
rcknowledgement
Authors are highly thankful to udayana University and Directorate
General ofHigher Education
tpublic ofrndonesia for providing financiar support to carry
out the research work.
leferences
l]
2l
3]
Anggadiredja, J-T., z-atnika,A., Puru,oto, H., Iptini, S., Rumput
Lau! penebar Swaday4 Jakarta,
2006.
sujatrniko, w. dan Angkasa, w. I., Teknik Budidaya
Rumput Laut dengan Metode Tali
Pan-BPPT' Jakarta' 2009'
L., Budi Daya dan pengolahan Rumput Lauq Agro
4] Indriani, H., Suminarsih, E., Rumput Lau! Budidaya,
5l
6l
Swadaya, l akarta, 200 5.
pengolahan dan pemasaran, penebar
Solar Dryers, in: C.L. Hii, S.V.
ing Fundamentals, Applications and
improves quality of seaweed and
Dissertation, Department of Ergonomics,
r an Effective Tool for Agricultural hoducts
on.2 Q0l2) 31-38.
of Solar Dryer for
& Biology.
12 (2012)
ng, 8., Solar Dryer for Small Farmers and
cal and Energy Engineering, Institute of
et; Important resources to improve food
Cooking, Kimberley -South Africa, 2000.
nce Evaluation of a Hybrid Solar Cabinet
4 (2005) 2s-33.
Muhammad Yahaya
Applied Mechanics and Materials
ISSN: I660-9116. ISSN/ISO: Applicd Mechanics and
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Xiamen, China P.R., 36i 021
Machining
Editorial Board:
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Ulaterials and
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Technologies in
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Manufacture
Edited bv
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pler reviewed papers from
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Preface
participants will have
keynote speaker to deliver their speech in the conference- All
for participants'
chance to discuss with the speakers face to fuce, which is very helpful
During the organization course, we have got help
departments, and different institutions. Here, we wo
ifferent
slncere
Te
ind and
be
should
the
authors
enthusiastic help and supPort for our conference. Secondly,
all
thanked too for their enthusiastic wdting attitudes toward their Papers. Thirdly,
members of program chairs, revietvers and program committees should also be
thanks to Mr. Thomas Wohlbier, Anae and Trans
appreciated for their hard rvork.
In a word, it is the different
on July 26-27,2013, Hong
suggestions to improve our
hope to get your supporting all the way.
be successful
give us good
' And we also
Next year, lul2}14,we look forward to seeing all of you at CMAME 2014'
Organiziu g Committees,
CMAME2OI3
Hong Kong
Advisory Committee
Prof, Ming Liang, University of Ottawa, Canada
Prof. Muhammad yahaya, UKM Malaysia
Prof. Chi-Cheng Cheng, National Sun yat-Sen University, Taiwan
Conference Co-Chairs
Prof. Adel A, Sharif, California State University Los Angeles, USA
Prof. Chul Ho Han, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea
Prof. M. Chandrasekaran, Vels University, India
Technical program Committee Chairs
Prof. Raghuvir pai 8., Manipal University,
India
Prof. Ahalapitiy_a Jayatissa, The University
of Toledo, USA
Prof. Woo Vang :ang, Cnosun Uniruoity,
Xo."a
Prof. Jianwen Jiang, Nationat University
of Singapore, Singapore
Publication Chair
Prof. Yuming yuan, Hubei University,
China
Prof. Quan Zhou, Hubei polytechnic
University, China
International program Committees
Prof' Komson Jirapattarasilp, King Mongkut,s University
of rechnorogy
Thonburi (KMUTT), Thaitand
Prof. Ng Hoon Kiat, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia
Prof' Mostafa Ranjbar, Isramic Azad University-pardis
Branch, Iran
Prof. Md, Hasanuizaman, Universiry of r.lalaya, Malaysia
Prof. Raj Das, University of Auckland, New Zealand
prof. P.Ranjith kumar, M.A.M. College of Engineering,
India
prof. Ho-sung Lee, Korea Aerospace Research
Institute, Korea
Prof. Nader Nariman-zadeh, Guilan University, Iran
prof
. p Sarah, Vardhaman College of Engineering, India
Prof. Achilles Vairis, TEI of Crete, Greece
Prof. Mete Kalyoncu, SelEuk University, Turkey
prof. Kalipada Maity, Nationar Institute
of rechnorogy Rourkera, India
Prof. Kelvin Kian Loong Wong, RMIT University, Australia
Prof. Ramis M.K, p.A College of Engineering, Mangalore,
India
Prof' Jinan Basheer Ar-Dabbagh, Universrti Maraysia pahang,
Maraysia
Prof. K.N.Pandey, M.N.National Institute of Technology,
India
Prof. Satoshi Takei, Electronic Material Laboratory,
Japan
Prof. Musa Omar Abdalta, University of
Jordan, lordan
Prof. K. Senthilkumaran, VIT University.
India
Prof. M.Pradeep Kumar, Anna university,
India
Prof. Kyoungjin Kim, Kumoh National
Institute of Technology, Korea
Prof. Se Woong Kim, Kumoh National
Institute of Technology, Korea
Prof. Sorin IUE, University of pitesti,
Romania
Prof. Zden6k Majer, Brno University
of Technology, Czech
Prof. Tomas Ucol-Ganiron, Jr.,
eassim University_Buraidah, KSA
Prof, Atef A. Ata, Alexandria University,
Egypt
Prof. Bruce Moulton, University
of Technology Sydney, Australia
Sponsors
-
China Science and Technology Exchange
Association, China
UKM Mataysia, Malaysia
Vels University, India
Table of Contents
cbapter r: Materiars Science, structurar composites,
Materiar processing
Anarysis and Modering oflvafer Thermar rransfer
in a pECVD
Reactor
H.X. Xia, D. Xiaog, p. Mou and H.
Effect of Physicar parameterc on DeNOx conversion
in selective catatytic
Converter Used in Diesel Vehicles
A.p. Manoj Kumar and p.
Zhang--....-....
............3
Mohanan.................
.............. 13
Powder lnjection Molding of 20'40 Yol.o/o
silicon carbide particulate-Reinforced
Aluminum Composites
T' Patcharawit, P. Tongkhon, A. wiangsamut, p.
Auisungnoen
The study of Manufacturing and Ingot
characterization
M. Kasnan
and N. chuankrerkkul ..............
""""""""".-"""'23
pigment
z'Q' Zhaag and Y' wu""""""""-"" .
.'.
Dyeing of Blended Fabric with
,10,,,:
................30
Sun Drying for Seaweed preservation
LW. Surata, T.G.T. Njndhia ana I.K.A.
1rO"
SPS Method
n_iltu..:...........................
........34
for Manufacturing Carbide Materials
N. Jalabadze, L. Nadaraia
rnai.
ff,urarL"..........._...
.,.....................38
Friction stir werding- oJDissimirar
Sxxx to 6xxx Ar Aroys: A Review
S.N. pandya and
J.V. Menghani
SifllTJ.lNbrNbssi3
ra
.........._..._........
situ composites Fabricated via sparkprasma
sintering
W.Y. Long, X.Y- Zou, W.D. Wang
and J.p.
Effect
Reinfo
Z.L.
rr::---Microstructure
te
, R. Zhou and
k'fi,.jffi-*diction
yao..............
"".--""""""""""'' ......4g
y.D.
Sui...............
............54
Jin""""""""
..............60
Acet;rlene Ignition process
in Combustion Thermal Spra5,
w'L' Guo and Z'
Guo
In-Plane Shear Damage prediction
of composite Sandwich paner with
Foam Core
A. Mostafa and K. Shankar.,.-...
.....
............42
of Matrix in Tungsten Carbide
of Fire Extinguishing pipeline by
Ivleans of Extreme varue
J'A' Jeong and c'K'
tz
of rJ-zrArtoys
........:.
The Inhuences of Reheating process
to the semi-sorid Microstructure
Hypereutectic At-22Si-l.qrFe_l joMi
aii"v uv Cooting Stope
L' Li and R.F.
....,......65
.................69
of
Zhou....
Laminar Burning verocity
and Flammability characteristics
of Biogas in spark
rgnjted Premix Combustion
,t n"au""J p.oru..
W. Anggono, l. Wardana, M.
Lawr r,Ii.i.-ff,rgt.r, S. Watryudi and
...........i4
N. Hamidi........ .......-........-.7g
,//
Materials and Diverse Technologies in lndustry and Manufacture
Chapter 2: Nanomaterials Science
Effect of TiOr Nanoparticlcs on Tensile and Photodegredation Behavior of
Biopolymer Films Based on Poly@utylene Succinate)
A. Buasri, N. Chaiyut, V3 Lo4menyong, M. Worachat, R. Kanchanapradit and
Baibou
S.
............89
Effects of pH on Tin Nanoparticles Prepared Using a Modified Polyol Synthesis
S.S. Chee and J.H.
Lee..............,
...............93
Nanofiber: Applhations and Implementation in Advancc Water Treatment
Techniques
M.O. Adaz, S. Faia U.A. Sama( F.S. Al Mubaddel, M. Luqman and O.Y. Al Othman.............9'1
Chapter3: Mechanical Propefties of Materials, Deformation, Coating
Engineering
Finite Element Study on the Influence of Shear Key Diameter on the Shear
Performance of Composite Sandwich Panel with PU Foam Core
A. Mostafa and K. Shankar........
.-...........103
Study on the Rock Slope Landslide Caused by Earth Penetrating Weapon Explosion
l.Z. Hao, C.C. Shi, J. Li and Y.H. Sun
..--..................... 108
Stress Analysis of the Suspended Centrifuge Drum for Sugar
S, Zhang, W. Wang, C.G. Huang andY.Z.
Li-..............-,
..-........--...-. I 13
1000mm2 conductor creep characteristics and remperature Reduction value
Y. Qi, X.M. Rui, J.C. Wan and J.H.
Li..........
...-........... 1l g
Effects of Hard Segment Contents on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Gap-Based
Polyurethane Elastom ers
H.Q. Ding, L.Q, Xiao, W.L. Zhou, L,R. He and H,L. Zharrg..........
.......................125
Strength of Extreme Soils Blended with Fly Ashes for pavement
S:M.P.
Kumar..........
............130
Effect of Internal Pressure and Dent Depth on Strain Distribution of Pressurized
Pipe Subjected to Indentation
M. Ramezani and T. Neitzert
...................
135
Research on In-Planestatic Mechanical performance of Honeycomb paperboard
Based on Virtual Simulation
X.N. Mu, C. Sun, L.Q. Huang and y.S. Ma.-...-.........
.......................140
Migrostructure and Hardness of Fe-Based Coating by plasma cladding
L.M. Wang, J.B. Liu and J.S. Jiang............
............,..... 144
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties Study of the Magnetorheological Elastomer
G.H. Li, X.G. Huang, X.Y. Gu and J. Wang
..............._l4E
Microstructure and Mechanical propertiesof ri/cu-cr/S20c and Ti/cu-Ag/S20c
CIad Composites
J.S. Ha and S.I.
Hong...........
....................153
Investigation on Effect of the Pitch of shear Keys on the In-plane Shear
Performance of Sandwich Panels with PU Foam Core: FE Study
A. Mostafa and K.
Shankar-.......
.._.-...._-...
l5g
Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Treatment (TMT) on Hardness of Heat-Treated AlMg-Si (6082) Alloys: Experimental Correlation Using (DOE) Method
M.M. Tash and S. Alkahtani.-............
.....................
......163
Applied Mechanics and Materiats Vol.
376
stress rntensity Factor of Different position prates
with Eccentric
yan
M.M. Wang, M.
ff:iil:crack
C. He, S.M.
and X.J.
2ha..............
crack
................ t73
lnitiation Mechanism of Atuminium Alloy
wetded Joint in Gigacycle
Cui,y.L
Wang
Wu, Z.F. Luo and
e.y.
.......-...............177
stress Anarysis of Reered composite piperines
Based on sharow she, Theories
B.M. Thar, M. Zahuaniza and M.B. faunq..............-.
.-.:::_::_...
"""""""""""""-""""""' l8l
Pipeline Reeling
B.M. Thar, M. Zahianizaand M. Badri Taufiq
Effect of surface preparation by Non-Directionar
Grinding on properties of
D2 Plasma-Nitride Layer
S. Rajsiri, T. Kraiha" L. plangklang and
U.
........... t85
ArsI
Cbairue........
.................. 190
Chapter 4: Computing Methods and Algorithms
Solving Job Shop scheduring probrem Based
on Emproyee Avaitabirity constraint
.........-.-r97
Ilomotopy-perturbation Methods for
Solving
ft
squa*:,"ldi;
;;;,;;;;;i;;;;;";o;;;;;r";
Apprication or Least
;;
T.y. Guo, w. Liu, z.j.ot,H.c:want;ar.v.
."""
"
Singh...........
.................220
...........22.4
2.W.Wan......:.............
Z.y. Zhang,A.e.
#rTffi||i ffiiff
s'JZhang
or a n ocea n Um b iricar ca b re usin
g th
Zhang and e.F.
-....231
e
2hang..........
orthe Proportional controt Four-wheer
steering vehicre
andH.Z.-sur..............
Ia":fiTl,i[]".il:''*'Problem
207
:.............._....216
versed by Moving Masses
Using
No_nlinear Numerical Anatysis
of SRC Frame Middle Joints
C. Li, Y. Zou, J. Kong and
W.C. Quan,
'
cro.._-..:..._.._:_
d S.S.K.
il"";?il:fi 'fil"?#:H#:flffi
"
............236
............243
in the Simulation statics Anarysis program
of High
M. Yan, M.M. Wing and X.J. Z]hu..............
Application of ootimar Algorithm
on Trajectory planning of Mechanicar
Arm
Based on B-Spline Curve
...-.............24g
T.Y. Guo, F. Li, K. Huang F.Z.
Zhangand
e.Feng.............
............253
using Genetic Algorithm for the
PrD control
of
voice
v'Dv coil
vvrr
-:---:
atlu:rrr
Actuator
precision
:-'
in A
Locating System and simuration
w.J.
Zhang
Random Vibration Anarvsis.
for a Building under
*:::::
z.y. sun, H. wang, y.S. zrang ana r.w.'yun Evorutionary irandom Excitations
....:.....::.:l
.....257
..........262
Materials and Diverse Technologies in lndustry and Manufacture
Application of Ariom
System in the Construction Method of BDI)
x.
zhang and D.H.
Hr.....-_.._..:_..*
..........
.........267
Artificiel Immune system
for Multiple-Fuel-Constrained Generation scheduling
c L chiang .
--.-;-: -. --::: :- -::::::::::::- :-::-::::- :-:::-::-:
..
.
272
Chapter 5: Experimeutal
Methods and Studies
Experimental Study
on Hydraulic characteristics of X-shape Flaring Gate pier and
,.$:i1'1,f,j.::f
.,.,.1.:.r*rd,rt"aei..evi'issipator
qeftLqM;;::;:::ffi;;;;t"t:'
Irnprovements in the performance
of Impressed current cathodic protection
system with variabre
Resistor at vlrious Environmentar conditions
J-A' Jeongand c.K. Jin.....
',',rnr.
.......................2gg
Solar Flat Plate Collector when
Experimental Study
.
Channiwala
Experimen&l Investigation
of COz Separation from Lignite Flue Gases bv 100
Single IVlolten
Carbonate Fuel Cell
J' Milewski, W. Bujalski,
M. WJou,ica K. Futyma and R.
ffffi f;"lfifl
,
The Application
of Lightweight visuatization
H.J.
yin
and
y.
cm2
Bernat..........
Modeltin g, Sim utatio n a nd optimizatio n Techn
Development
.........294
rr",-rrro""au,.r"
........_....2gg
olo gies,
to Aircraft
Hu................
study on Numericar
simutation Method of Aerodynamic performance of Highspeed Train on
Bridge
...................307
C'Q. Xiang, W.H.
Guo and J.W. Zhang .......,..
Aer
..............-i 12
erical Simulation of Terminal-sensitive projectile at
Dec
J.
g
Trajectory
and X.D.
Ma...............
u1a$i1e the CAD-CAE
coilaborative process using Cotored petri
e F Sun and H Zhao.
__l_
...-...317
Ners
:: :::-:_: :_ :::::::::
OtTT"l
Design of a Speed Reducer
rvr... Lrn and J.F.
Tsai......_......
of Gun support
Pl:lltll"
r,rnear
FEA
32i
................327
structure using Equivarent Dynamic Approach in Non
Thite
A.
.................331
::::::y*::::.'"'
336
::l':"::*:::
34I
r Simulating
t,.r",rr", O;;:,
4n9...............
.........345
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vot. 376
)recision Motion offfrativ-e Learning Controller
Using Adaptive Filter Bandwidth
g by Improved. Particle Swarm Optim ization tecf, n iq ue
l'u nin
y.C. Huang, S.T. Li and K.H.
peng.............
............,...349
r Numerical study on the optimum Design of Mechanicar wind-suppry and
imoke-Exhausting Systems Based on the Bench-Scale Long channel
Y' Li
""""""
"""""""""""'354
iimulation of the Performance of a Twin-Rotor piston Engine
T.A.Zol, C.Y. Pan, H.J. Xu andX. 2tang.........iurface Lunar Soil Excavation Simulation Based on ThreeDimensional Discrete
ilement Method
H, Gao, D.W. Zhang B. Liu and L.C.
Duan
........360
................366
itudy on OptimizatioT_D1ign Technique of Aviation Gear Body
Y.Y. Shi, R. Yang, X.F. Kong, M.e. Zhang and J.H.
Li...............:.
.......................371
ierration Design and simuration of Gear plunge shaving cutter
S.L. Chang, C.K, Huang, K.H. Doan and J.H.
f.lo............L.
.....,.......377
Designing Fuzzy Backstepping Adaptive Based Fuzzy Estimator
Variable Structure
lontrol : Applied to lnternal Combustion Engine
M.J. Nekooei, J. Jaswar and A.
..............-.......3g3
priyanto
itructural Design and Analysis of the Ivlotionlink in the Dynamic Assembled
ScrewDriven Device
Y.F. Feng, X.J. Xu, H.J. Xu, X- Zhang, F.L. Zhod and
R.
Wang
......390
{'pplication of variable structure control on Muti-Axle
vehicle Steering System
C. Liu, L. Yu and X.H. Gao.....
................395
Dptimization of Spillway weir to Mitigate Gas Entrainment
in a Fast Reactor
G. Senthilkumar and S.
Ramachandrari
..-.-...................4a2
Modalcharacteristics of compressoiiraa"scorria"iing
Fluid-Solid Interaction
Q.G. Luo, D.Y. Si, Z.G. Ran and X.D.
Wang...........
........................407
Anatysis of piezoetectric vibration contror IVrethods for
Autobody
9:Ip:lt:glStructure
Ihin-Wall
C.L. Shen. X.W. An, y. Han and D.X.
Wang.._........
Machining of NURBS Surfaces using Three-Axis
NC Miiling Machine
S.S. Yeh, W.C. Chen and J.T. Sun...L..........
of
S; prabhakara
Comparison
.Vlodules Using
.........,.....,........41 I
.................417
I Gear for Different Materials and
....-...............423
sim ulation of
MEMS cantilever Biosensor and Analysis of Readout Methods
for
Iuberculosis Detection
P. Sangeetha and A.V. Ju1iet............
........42g
Materials and Diverse Technologies in lndustry
and Manufacture
Nollilear Adaptive
Feedback control for spacecraft prorimity Formstion Frying
T. Xi, J.C. Li and W.e.
pan.....
.............-..446
signal Detection Technolog5r for Low voltage Arc Fault
circuit rnterrupter using
FPGA
S.C. Wang, H.C. Lee and C.J.
Wu..........,....
................451
Dynamic Targets Detection for Robotic Applications
using panoramic caqera
Based on Optical Flow
W. Zhu, L. Tian, F. Di, J.L. Li and K.J. Li.........
......._..455
chapter 8: Advanced rechnologies in rndustry, safety and
Assessment
Distribution and Potential Risk of copper in surface Sediments
of Anping Harbor,
I atlTan
C.D. Dong, C.F. Chen and C.W.
Chen........._..
.............463
Hazard Identilication & Risk Assesment in New
chessis Assembty Line
J' Sripathi Raja" M. Siva Prakash, N. Vellaichamy,
K.L. Senthil Kumar and K. pa1ani.............46g
IRjfeader Compression in IEEE g02.tl Mac Layer
M. Boopathi and M.p. Vani.............
Petri-Net Apptied in putverizing System
Retiability Analysis
y.
Li............
........476
........................481
Research.on Evatuating Methods of
Automobile Energy-saving for Management
Technology
X. Li, L. Liu and
2.X.Li.........
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CHAPTER 1:
Materials science, structural composites,
Material Processing
Applied Mectwnics and Moterials Vol. i76 (2013) pp
@ P013) Trons Tbch Publicotions, Switzerland
doi: I 0. 4 l28httttw. scientific-net/AMM. 3 7 6.3 4
ja-j7
Table Type Sun Drying for Seaweed Preservation
I Wayan
Suratal'', Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia2'b, I Ketut Adi Atmika3''
12'3Mechanical Engineering Department, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali-lndonesia
uemail: [email protected], bemail: [email protected], "email: adiatmika@yahoo'com
Keywords: seaweed, table type sun drying, water content, impurities, brightness.
Abstracl Open srn drying is one of the oldest techniques employed for processing agricultural
plastic sheet on the
products- The local pro"tl.i of drying the seaweed is by spreading it over a
dryrng seaweed has
of
practice
glound and exposinj it to the ,ur. Urforn nately, such taditional
j
and other impurities ' as
led to increased risk of contamination of seawee 6y aust and sand pafiicles
to examine the effect
conducted
was
research
well as seaweed often suffer from lower quality. This
of application of table type sun drying on
qua
oontent, level of impurities, and brightress. The
surface, with holes for circulation. The surface
reduce level
The results ofstudy showed that table type sun drying reduced water content rapidly,
of impurities, and improve brightness of dried seaweed-
Introduction
pro
aecreasi 1t
the surface
Ithough
does not
teristic is
| - 35 o/o'
As mentioned by Anggadiredja et al. [1] and also ln&iani and Suminarsih [4] special for Euchema
is by
the level of impuritiei-requirement shoul
such
spreading it over a plastic sheet on the
traditional practice oi aryiog seaweed ha
and sand particles and otirerlmpurlties. According to Visavale [5], the open sun drying method does
not fulfili the required quallty standard and iometimes the products cannot be sold in the
international market- Many exptrter companies complain about the quality of dried seaweed that is
sold by the farmers. The main complaint is conceming the water content and impurities which
exceeds the standard quality for export, and caused the price slumped [6].
Nusa Penida has good potency related to seaweed. The effort to increase quality of dried
namely table O/Pe sun drying.
seaweed is a must to frtntt ixport itaraard
ssified into several categories
Sun dryers are available in a range size a
e, mode of drying and type of
depending on the following factori such as
produ.t to be driea [7]. T[ese dr;rers are expected will increase the quality, and the products will
trighter in color andappearan"" [41. The dryers are easily to buil4 cost effective, and operation is
drying seaweed where
simple and sraightforward [9]. Table type
effii-skilled
labor'
farming is mostly canied outty small farmer,
e
on the
type
sun
drying
ThiJresearch-was conducted to examine th
of
of
impurities,
and
brightness
level
quality of dried seaweed, through indicators of water content,
dried seaweed.
Material and Methods
This experimental study was executed at Ped village in Nusa Penida Island' The dryer
constructed in the form of table type within 90 cm height. The. stmcture made from lvood or
bamboo, drying surface made from blackened aluminum plate with holes, as depicted in Fig. l.
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol.37G
Btackcucd Alunimro uith holes
Fig.
1
Design oftable type sun drying
e, and drying surfrce. The rectangular base
rfrce. The drying surface of tlre 4 m2 modet
surface was built from blackened aluminum for
with diameter 7 mm each hole for air and water
0 kg wet seaweed. Drying process was done bv
and exposing it to the sun.
lesult and Discussion
lharacteristic of dryer
table
dail
I aluminum surface is 40. I
Characteristics of
erature and wind velocity on
Z, with average temperature
'71
te drying surface. The
,C.
(J
-60
9so
o
L
=40
(g
L
8E
,o
30
20
-#Aluminum *plastic .-#Ambient
.ro
:0
08.00 09.00 1o.oo 11.@
12.(D
15.00
16.00
Time
rhe differenc.
ort.*p".il,sr.1IiHffi?Ji
;tTi,,,,ili:l;;;*i;",;,,
than prastic,
and
r^^^ ...1:_L r.-
ff#i:,i*',lfJ;i
wind velocihf was measured by placing anemometer
on the surface of dryer during drying
uu"-g" wind velocity at atuminum surface is 1.87 + 0.g7 m./s,
and at plastic
period' The
surface
36
Materials and Diverse Technorogies in rndustry and
Manufacture
100
6\
Iso
()
,c)E80
b70
,r€
60
50
40
30
*Aluminum -+-plastic
20
10
0
08.00 1O.OO 12.00
14.00
14.00
16.00
Time
Fig. 3 Water contentreduction
Applied Mechanlcs and Materials Vol.376
rily
when
{:d^bf
37
aluminum surface that }as many holes. while
using plastic sheet sea water
vapuated and left the salt crystals on the surfa e of the seaweed.
ionclusion
Based on discussion an{ analysis that obtained aom this study,
it can be concluded that table
rye sul. dr.ying had better performance than grying uring pr"rti. sheet. The quatity of dried
aweed is improved, with significant reductions in wa-ter
impurities level, and brighter
"o"-t"ni*a
I botb color and appearance.
rcknowledgement
Authors are highly thankful to udayana University and Directorate
General ofHigher Education
tpublic ofrndonesia for providing financiar support to carry
out the research work.
leferences
l]
2l
3]
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