Triumph Redong Vol 1

PANITIA BAHASA INGGERIS

2 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

MODUL TRIUMPH REDONG VOL.1

NO UNIT CONTENTS PAGE

1 - Contents

2 Unit 1 Articles 3

3 Unit 2 Nouns 7

4 Unit 3 Proper Nouns 10

5 Unit 4 Countable & Uncountable Nouns 11

6 Unit 5 Collective Nouns 12

7 Unit 6 Pronouns 15

8 Unit 7 Reflexive Pronouns 20

9 Unit 8 Demonstrative Pronouns 22

10 Unit 9 Verbs 23

11 Unit 10 Subject Verb Agreement 25

12 Unit 11 Auxiliary Verbs / Modals 29

13 Unit 12 Verb To Be 33

14 Unit 13 Simple Present Tense 36

15 Unit 14 Simple Past Tense 39

16 Unit 15 Simple Future Tense 48

17 Unit 16 Progressive Tense – Past & Present 51

18 Unit 17 Past Progressive Tense 53

19 Unit 18 Present Progressive 55

20 Unit 19 Prepositions 57

21 Unit 20 Adverbs 63

22 Unit 21 Adjectives 67

23 Unit 22 Questions Tag 74

24 Unit 23 Wh-Questions 77

25 Unit 24 Conjunctions 80

26 Unit 25 Punctuation 86

3 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 1 :

ARTICLES

 These are the words a, an and the which usually comes before the nouns or adjectives. 1. Definite article – the

This refers to something specific or definite. The usually means ‘You know which ones(s) I’m talking about’.

E.g.: i. Anne received the award for bravery. (a specific award) ii. ‘Wait for me at the Kerinchi LRT station’. (a specific place)

iii. Can I use the phone? (the hearer knows that this means ‘your phone’) 2. Indefinite article – a / an

This is non-specific or indefinite. A / an shows that we are talking about one person or thing. We often use a / an:

 in descriptions

She’s an interesting person. He’s got a loud voice.

 when we say what something is, or what somebody’s job is. This is a return ticket. I’m an engineer.

3. Zero article – (-)

(-) No article is used before the names of countries, cities, streets, continents, lakes, mountains, villages, etc.

He lives in (-) Toronto, a large city in (-) Canada on the shores of (-) Lake Ohio.

(-) No article is also common before uncountable, plural and often abstract nouns when we are talking about things in general.

Have we got any (-) milk?

(-) Oranges are nicer than (-) apples.

In general, an is used when the word following it begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u): an umbrella, an elephant, an octopus, an idea, an apple.

BUT

- If the first letter of the word is a vowel, but sounds like a consonant, then use a: a used car, a useful gadget.

- If the first letter of the word is a consonant, but sounds like a vowel, then use an: an hour, an honest man, an MG sports car.

4 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ or ‘an’

1. __________egg 3. ________ dog 2. _________ house 4. ________ university EXERCISE 2

Fill in the blanks with (-), the or a 1. I speak _____ French.

2. I often listen to _________ radio.

3. _________ phone is downstairs in ___________ kitchen. 4. _________ Canada is a big country.

5. She’s got __________ nice face and ___________ blue eyes. 6. This table is made of _________ glass.

EXERCISE 3

Fill in the blanks with a, an or the

1 Mr Lee bought _______ big bungalow last month. 2 Ramli wants to be __________ pilot when he grows up. 3. Mei Ling is ___________ honest girl.

4. ________ fire broke out in that house _______ hour ago. 5. ________ plane is flying high up in _________ sky. 6. My father works in ________ office.

7 Take _______ class register to _______ office.

8 ____________ earth moves around ___________ sun.

9 Sabrina gave ________ orange to _________ beggar outside the gate. 10 _____________ sun rises in __________ east.

11 She is going to take _________ bus to get to _______ railway station. 12 _________ bat lives in __________ cave.

5 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 14 She is wearing a __________ uniform to school.

15 ____________ sky is blue.

16 ___________ old lady walked across the busy road. 17 She bought _________ umbrella to school.

18 Adrian is _________Eurasian boy.

19 ___________ Indian girl in the blue dress was crying just now. 20 I saw __________ eagle flying in __________ sky.

NOTES

We often use a / an to talk about a person or thing for the first time; and the when we talk about the person or thing again.

A man walked up to a policeman. The man took out a map and asked the policeman ...

Remember: We don’t use a / an with plurals. We can use the with plurals. e.g. She bought the shoes last week.

EXERCISE 4

Fill in the blanks with a , an or the.

A Bag in a Bag

This is a true story. Last year I went into 1_________ big sports shop because I wanted 2_________ sports bag. 3___________ assistant came up to me, and I told him what I wanted. 4___________ assistant brought me three different bags. I chose 5__________ smallest one and paid for it. 6___________ assistant put 7__________ bag in 8_________ large plastic bag. I told him one bag was enough, and asked him to take 9________ bag out of 10________ other bag. He did so, but he looked very unhappy as I walked out of 11__________ shop.

6 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 5

Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ or ‘an’.

1. She is ______ nurse. 2. He is _______ engineer. 3. He is _______ doctor. 4. She is _______ stewardess. 5. He is _______ army officer. 6. She is _______ waitress. 7. He is ________ inspector. 8. She is _______usheress. 9. He is ________ dentist 10. She is ______ headmistress.

EXERCISE 6

Fill in the blanks with a, an or the.

1. Did you buy a Proton or ________ Ford?

2. Does he know _______________ man at the corner? 3. She has _________________ secret to tell you. 4. What time does _________________ train leave?

5. Ali ate ________________ apple and drank a bottle of Coke. 6. Did you see _______________ accident?

7. He met _______________ elegant lady at the party. 8. ____________________ teacher is angry with us.

9. I did not see __________________ elephant in the picture. 10. Is that _________________ snake in that tree?

7 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 2 :

NOUNS

 Nouns are called naming words. They are the names of people, animals, places and things.

EXERCISE 1 Fill in the blanks.

Daughter wife bride queen teacher

Headmistress nurse lecturer secretary grandmother

1. My mother is a _______________.She takes care of sick people. 2. Ashok and his _________ have three children.

3. Mr. and Mrs. Guna have two sons and a ______________.

4. Rubini’s ____________________ gave presents to all her grandchildren.

5. Puan Romizah is our ______________ . She comes to school very early in the morning.

6. The king and ____________visited the old folks home last week.

7. The manager and his ________________ attended the meeting last Monday. 8. The bridegroom and his beautiful ______________ are dressed in blue.

9. Madame Ganes is an excellent __________. She teaches us English in our school. 10.Pn Laily is a very humble and helpful ___________.All her college students like her.

8 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2

Underline the nouns in these sentences. 1. The careless boy lost his pen.

2. I went to the market with my mother. 3. The girl fell down the stairs.

4. My grandfather has an old car. 5. The typist works in the post office.

6. The fishermen are drying their nets in the sun. 7. The scout jumped into the pond to save the child. 8. The robbers broke into the shop and took all the money.

EXERCISE 3

Underline the correct answer.

1. The ( boys , boy ) are playing badminton.

2. Can I have a plate of ( rice , milk ).

3. The ( horse , horse’s) tail is bushy.

4. Please put (a little , many ) salt into the soup.

5. ( A herd , A staff ) of cows are grazing in the field.

6. The ( twins , cousins ) looks like each other.

7. ( Buffaloes, Donkeys ) are very useful farm animals.

9 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 4

Write the masculine form for the words given.

FEMININE MASCULINE Eg. girl - boy

mother - father

1. wife - _____________ 2. bride - _____________ 3. daughter - _____________ 4. heiress - _____________ 5. niece - _____________ 6. bridesmaid - _____________ 7. princess - _____________ 8. headmistress - _____________ 9. policewoman - _____________ 10. woman - _____________ 11. sister-in-law - _____________ 12. heroine - _____________ 13. lady - _____________ 14. widow - _____________ 15. waitress - _____________ 16. steward - _____________ 17. salesgirl - _____________

10 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 3

: PROPER NOUNS

 Special names given to a person, animal, place or things are called Proper Nouns.

 Proper nouns always start with capital letters.

No Category Proper Noun

1. People The Prime Minister, Syafiq Elias, Mohd Ali 2. Places Malaysia, Kangar, Jalan Telawi, Kota Tinggi

3. Buildings Concord Inn, Putra World Trade, Petronas Twin Tower 4. Objects Parker pen, Nokia handphone, Proton Saga

5. Animals Garfield, Mickey Mouse, Winnie Pooh

EXERCISE 1

Rewrite the sentences using the correct punctuation.

1. last year the national day celebration was held in putrajaya.

________________________________________________________________

2. malaysians proudly fly the jalur gemilang.

_________________________________________________________________

3. national day is celebrated in august.

_________________________________________________________________

4. my friend bought a proton waja last month.

11 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 4 : COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

 Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted such as books, pencils, cars and tvs.

 Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted such as sugar, air, water and hair.

EXERCISE 1

Underline the correct answer.

1. I do not have ( many, much) time to complete my work. 2. Can I have ( some, a few) tomato sauce.

3. There are ( much, many) things that you can do in your free time. 4. We need ( a lot of, many) energy to carry the cupboard.

5. They poured (some, a few) water into the vase. 6. I saw (many, much) animals in the zoo.

7. The children ate ( some, much) sandwiches.

8. There are only (much, a few) pieces of paper left on the table. 9. I need (a lot of , a few) money to buy the expensive bracelet. 10. Not (many, much) people turned up for the concert.

11. They were scolded because they made ( many, a lot of) noise.

12. ( A lot of, Many) of the children were not feeling well and had to be sent home. 13. We have got (much, a few) new teachers this year.

14. I don’t have any money left. Can you lend me ( some, much)? 15. The Smith’s family will spend ( a lot of , a few) days in Hawaii.

12 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2

There is only ONE mistake in each sentence. Underline it and rewrite each sentence correctly.

Example :

There are too much pupils in this class. There are too many pupils in this class.

1. I want any fried rice for lunch.

_________________________________________________________ 2. He does not have much sisters. He is an only child.

_________________________________________________________ 3. We have a little magazines in our house.

_________________________________________________________ 4. Is there a lot of onions in the basket.

_________________________________________________________ 5. Mr Lee has much relatives.

_________________________________________________________ 6. That man hasn’t some hair on his head.

_________________________________________________________ 7. My mother is cooking many soup.

_________________________________________________________ 8. Please give me a piece of trousers.

13 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 5

: COLLECTIVE NOUN

 A collective noun is the name of a number of persons, animals or things grouped together and spoken of as one whole.

Here are more collective nouns for you.

 a company of actors

 a host of angels

 a gang of labourers

 a bevy of girls/ ladies/ beauties

 a bench of magistrates

 a tribe of natives

 a posse of policemen

 a crew of sailors

 a choir of singers

 a team of players

 a staff of teachers

 a circle of friends

 a band of magicians

 a haggle of vendors

 a monastery of monks

 a convent of nuns

 a shush of librarians

 an army of soldiers

 an audience of spectators

14 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Fill in the blanks with correct collective nouns.

1. a ___staff __ of teachers. 2. a __________ of sheep. 3. a __________ of students. 4. a __________ of people. 5. a __________ of executives. 6. a __________ of members. 7. a __________ of jurors. 8. a __________ of ships. 9. a __________ of flowers 10. an __________ of spectators. 11. a __________ of people. 12. a __________ of stamps 13. an _________ of musicians. 14. a __________ of players 15. a __________ of workers. 16. a __________ of sailors.

EXERCISE 2

For each of the following, underline the correct answer.

1. An ( army , crew , group ) of soldiers marched to the camp. 2. The deer was attacked by a ( school, pack, team ) of wolves. 3. What is that ( set , pair , pack ) of tools doing under the car. 4. There is a ( flock, nest, litter) of mice in the drawer.

5. A ( troupe, group, party) of dancers came to our school concert last year. 6. The small girl sang a song in front of a ( tribe, staff , crew ) of teachers. 7. I bought a ( comb, bouquet , stalk ) of flowers for my mother on Mothers’ Day. 8. My father bought a ( bar, loaf , slice ) of bread for breakfast.

15 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

9. Kassim gave his sick grandmother a ( comb, bunch, pack ) of grapes. 10. The girls saw a ( gang, herd , group ) of cows in the field.

11. The office is at the top of that ( flight , row , group ) of stairs. 12. She ordered a ( suit , suite , row ) of furniture for her new house. 13. The boys were chased by a ( herd , troop , pack ) of stray dogs. 14. Miss Tan has a ( stack , group , chest ) exercise books to mark. 15. We listened to a ( troupe , band , collection ) of musicians in the park. 16. The fisherman saw a ( school , flock , swarm ) of whales in the ocean. 17. My father bought a ( string , bundle , bouquet ) of pearls for my mother. 18. The ( team , crew , pride ) of hockey players from my school is very good. 19. There is a ( heap , collection , bundle ) of rubbish under the tree.

20. Please show me your ( group , collection , pack ) of stamps.

21. Last night I saw a ( collection , cluster , bouquet ) of stars in the sky. 22. The Philippines is made up a ( string , herd , group ) of islands. 23. The money is in that ( stack , chest, flights ) of drawers.

24. I saw a ( troop , herd , group ) of monkeys in the zoo. 25. Muthu is looking after his ( flock , herd , group ) of cows.

16 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 6

:

PRONOUNS

 We use pronouns to replace nouns.

 We also use pronouns to avoid repeating the same nouns in every sentence. Below are three classes of personal pronouns.

First person the speaker I, we, me, us

Second person the person spoken to you

Third person neither the speaker nor the speaker talking to

he, she, it, him, her, they, them

Here are some examples of how personal pronouns can be used to replace nouns.

 First person

Mariam and I went to the cinema. We went to the cinema.

 Second person

“John, will you be playing football this afternoon?” asked Ravi.

 Third person

Ramesh admires Mr. Lee greatly.

17 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Fill in each blank with a suitable personal pronoun from the box below.

1. Robert went out to play after ______he____ had taken his lunch.

2. Nomads are wanderers and ______________ do not have any fixed homes.

3. Have you seen Susan? I have not seen _____________ since last week.

4. The gardener told _____________ not to play near the road but we did not listen.

5. The old man wanted to cross the road, so I helped ___________

6. My friend and I joined the army. ____________ wanted to be soldiers.

7. Although whales are mammals, _______________ live in the sea.

8. My sister dreamt that ________________ was flying like a bird.

9. I came to your house because I wanted to talk to _____________ urgently.

10. My friends made me join _____________ for a drink.

them they he her us she you we they him

18 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2

Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.

1. _______________ plants belong to Mrs Leong. 2. Ahmad has a cute cat. __________ is from Bangkok. 3. Mr and Mrs Lee took ___________ children to the zoo. 4. We built the sandcastles all by ______________ . 5. ____________ mother works as a teacher? 6. The dog is fierce. __________ barks at strangers.

7. The boys are happy because __________ father bought for them some presents. 8. ___________ pen is this?

9. ___________ apples are sour.

10. We did the homework all by ____________________ . 11. _____________ is helping his father in the workshop.

12. Mrs Tan is not at home. She has gone to __________ mother’s house. 13. Those bags belong to my cousins. _________ bought them yesterday. 14. Badrul and I went to Ipoh last night. ____________ went there by bus. 15. “Did all of ______________ enjoy yourselves?” Rahim asked the children.

you they These ourselves He

19 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 3

Underline the correct answer.

1. My mother sends _________ to school every morning ( me, mine ) 2. Janet played with _________ just now. ( her, hers )

3. I polished ________ bicycle this morning. ( my, he ) 4. ____________ class is the cleanest. ( Our, Yours )

5. I found this umbrella. I think it belongs to ________. ( you, their ) 6. __________ is helping his father in the workshop. ( He, She )

7. Muthu is not at home. He had gone to _______ father’s house. ( her, his ) 8. My sister and ________ like to watch the show. ( me, I )

9. Did you tell ________ to bring some food? ( they, them )

10. _________ visited relatives in Batu Pahat on Sunday. ( We, Us ) 11. Please give __________ some dog food. ( it, its )

12. ___________ are wild animals. ( This, These ) 13. Do not go near ___________ . ( they, them ) 14. ______________ is an architect. ( He, Him )

20 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 7

:

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

 We use a reflexive pronoun after a verb when the subject and the object are the same person.

Example: I said to myself, ‘This will do fine.’  We use myself etc. for emphasis.

 An emphatic pronoun can mean ‘without help’. It usually comes at the end of the sentence.

Example: Pak Mat said, ‘I cut down the tree myself.’

Language Notes:

If the subject and object are the same, we use reflexive pronoun as the object. Compare: 1. I see you. (object pronoun)

2. I see myself. (reflexive pronoun)

Subject Verb Reflexive Pronoun

I You He She It We You They see see sees sees sees see see see myself. yourself. himself. herself. itself. ourselves. yourselves. themselves.

21 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Fill in the blanks with the correct reflexive pronoun.

1. I don’t have enough time for _______________ .

2. Are both of you serious or can you laugh at ______________ ? 3. They can’t solve the problem by _______________ .

4. Encik Ibrahim doesn’t like to talk about ______________ . 5. What did Sarah tell ______________?

6. We sometimes blame _____________ for our problems. 7. Do you ever go to the movies by ______________?

8. Maybe you expect too much of marriage, Hussin. Don’t be so hard on ____________. 9. I have to take care of the children. They can’t take care of _____________.

10. Don’t just look at the problems. Give _____________ credit for the good things you have done too.

22 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 8

:

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

 Pronouns can be used to point out persons, things, or ideas. A pronoun that points out something is called a demonstrative pronoun.

SINGULAR : This is her handbag. That is his tennis racquet. PLURAL : These are her handbags. Those are his tennis racquets.

The forms this is and these are used to point to things nearby. That is and those are used to point to things farther away.

EXERCISE 1

Complete the table below.

Singular Plural

Near

1.This is my fiance.

2._________ is my new car. 3.___________ is my son over there.

4._______ is my wife who is carrying the baby.

5________ are my notes. 6._________ are my kids.

7._____________ are my rabbits in the hutch.

8_____________are my books on the rack.

Far

1.That is my fiance.

2._________ is my new car. 3.___________ is my son over there.

4._______ is my wife who is carrying the baby.

5________ are my notes. 6._________ are my kids.

7._____________ are my rabbits in the hutch.

8_____________are my books on the rack.

23 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 9

:

VERBS

 The most important word in a sentence is the verb.

 A verb expresses :

I ) an action 2 ) an event 3 ) a state * drink * organise * moves walk celebrate shines

 Most verbs are used to express actions. Study the tables given below carefully.

Aminah He She It Raju has does delivers plays waters I You They We The boys Lim and Chan

have do deliver walk play water

 Verbs expressing an action.

The man drives a green car to work. Fish swim in the sea.

Pn. Norzillah reads the newspaper every morning. They drink orange juice daily.

 Verbs expressing an event.

24 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a We celebrate Teacher’s Day on 16 May every year.

The students take part in the debate competition yearly.

Our Principal gives a speech at our prize giving day every year.

 Verbs expressing a state.

The sun moves around the earth. The moon shines at night.

Birds fly.

25 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 10 :

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

A sentence consists of a subject and a verb. The subject may be a noun or a pronoun. The verb must agree with its subject. When the subject is singular, the verb must be singular too. ( the singular verb normally ends with an ‘s’ )

Singular Subject Singular Verb

The bird has no Malay name.

The bird lives on insects.

Johan loves chocolates.

The student answers the questions.

It eats the fish.

She completes the experiment.

He concludes the essays.

When the subject is plural, the verb must be plural as well. (The plural verb normally does not end with an‘s’).

Plural Subject Plural Verb

The birds have no Malay names.

The birds live on insects.

Johan and Hannah love chocolates.

The students answer the questions.

They eat the fish.

We complete the experiment.

26 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Underline the correct word in the brackets.

1 My mother and I (go, goes) to the market every morning. 2 She (come , comes) here every week.

3 They often (play, plays) with their brother. 4 The rabbits (has, have) a short tail.

5 (Do, Does) they dance?

6 Plants (need, needs) water and sunlight to grow. 7 We (collect, collects) stamps during our free time. 8 Siew Lan ( opens , open) the windows every morning. 9 It sometimes (rain , rains) at night.

10 The boy (run, runs) in the field every evening.

EXERCISE 2

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs in brackets.

1 She ___________(cook) every day. 2 The dog always _________(bark) at us.

3 Hens ___________(lay) eggs.

4 Firdaus and his brothers ___________(do) their homework every evening. 5 ___________(Do) they play for their school football team?

6 His parents _________(sell) fruits for a living.

7 A bat __________(sleep) during the day. 8 Ali often _____________(read) in class.

9 Ghazali _______(wear) white shirts every day. 10 Zarena_____________(write) letters every Friday.

27 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 3

Circle the best answers.

1. Jamal _____________ to bed at ten o’clock every night.

A. go B. goes

C. went D. is going

2. He ___________ not like rambutans.

A. does B. do

C. did D. is

3. Fadhil ____________ to play in the rain. A. like B. liking

C. likes D. liked

4. There _____________ seven days in a week.

A. is B. was

C.were D. are

5. Nazliah ____________ a pink dress. A. has B. have

C. does D. is

6. I ____________ my teeth every day. A. brush B. brushed C. brushes D. am brushing

28 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

A. Does C. Is

B. Do D. Did

8 Abdullah and Fadilah ___________ to the same school.

A. goes B. go

C. is going D. going

9. She ____________ some money now.

A. want B. wants

C. wanted D. wanting

10. Kamaluddin ____________ television every night. A. watch B. watches

C. watched D. watching

EXERCISE 4

Underline the correct verb so that it agrees with the subject in each of the sentences below. 1. My student (is, are) a hardworking student.

2. The girls (is, are) preparing for the performance. 3. Shanthi (has, have) to sit for the test.

4. I (teach, teaches) Mathematics as well as Living Skills. 5. Elephants (is, are ) mammals.

6. “I (has, have) some questions,” said Sheilla

7. The Form 3 Wira students (arrives, arrive) very late at the laboratory. 8. Armi, Rashid and Yahya (wear, wears) glasses.

9. Nurul Huda (are, is) not satisfied with her present performance in the class. 10. The competition (is, are) one of the many events organized by the Hobby Club.

29 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 11

: AUXILIARY VERBS / MODALS

 Not all verbs express action.

 Verbs that do not express action are either verbs or auxiliary verbs

 An auxiliary verb is a helping verb.

 It is always before a verb

 She has done her work.

 It regulates the tense of its sentence.

 We could see the sun rising in the east ( past tense )

 Common auxiliary verbs :

am , are , be ,can , could , had , has , have ,is , may might, must , shall, should ,was , were, will , would

Modals Functions/Usage Examples

1.

Can

Could

To express the ability of a living or non-living thing To give or refuse permission

To make a request

To express possibility

Most birds can fly except penguin.

They can have breakfast now

You cannot tell her the secret.

Can you help me carry this table?

Mother could have waited for us

2.

May/might

To express possibility

To give or ask permission

I may buy a present for Linda

We might go for a picnic today

May I borrow your car? You may leave now.

 Modals or auxiliary verbs are used with another verb to express possibility, permission, obligation, determination, refusal, etc. Can, could, will, would, must,

30 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

Modals Functions/Usage Examples

Will, Would Could, can

To ask for assistance To ask polite questions

Will you please open the door? Would you please open the door? Could you please carry the table? Can you please carry the table? Have to,

Must need

To express necessity I have to study tonight

She must go to the clinic today.

Should,

Ought to To express advice

You are tired, you should take a rest. Your dress is dirty, you ought to wash it.

EXERCISE 1

Read these sentences

1 I am going jungle trekking tomorrow. 2 The boys are camping beside the river. 3 He will be cutting the grass on Sunday. 4 Old newspapers can be recycled. 5 We could see the rainbow after the rain. 6 The workers had cleaned the drains last week. 7 The strong wind has blown the dried leaves away. 8 The flood victims have gone back to their houses. 9 We must keep our school clean.

31 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2

Fill in the blanks with the correct verbs given in the box.

does can are is am have has was had do were did

1 This man ___________working as a lawyer in the same firm where my father works. 2 My father ___________a bad cold last week.

3 Carter and Jack _________________meeting n Kuala Lumpur next week. 4 Dashima ________________all the cooking at home.

5 My father and mother _______________ gone out for a wedding dinner. 6 They always _________________their homework together.

7 I _____________always on time because punctuality is a good habit.

8 That boy ___________________caught cheating during the test last Monday. 9 They ______________having a picnic by the seaside today.

10 Azlina ____________the ironing and cleaning yesterday morning.

11 My father ____________ just taken my brother to the dentist. They will be back in an hour.

32 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 3

Fill in the blanks with can, cannot, may or may not to make meaningful sentences.

1. Too much rain ……… cause floods in low-lying areas. 2. It is too noisy that we ……….. hear the announcements. 3. He is very angry that he ……….. join us for dinner.

4. “Do you think you ………. keep a secret?” asked Fatimah. 5. It is already 3.00pm. He ……… come for the lesson.

6. The camel ……….. travel for days without drinking water. 7. You ……….. write to us at this address or send an email.

8. She must stay in the hospital. The doctor says she ……… have dengue. 9. I am afraid I ……….. make any changes because the date of the competition

has been fixed.

10. Pak Musa ……… be thin, but he is very healthy.

EXERCISE 4

Rewrite the following sentences using ‘may’.

1. Could I possibly get a lift?

____________________________________________________________________ 2. Do you mind lending me your bicycle?

____________________________________________________________________ 3. I would like to speak to the teacher.

____________________________________________________________________ 4. Could I have your permission to go out?

33 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 12

:

VERB-TO-BE

 It consists of “am”, “is”, “are”, “was” and “were”.

 The base form is “be”; the progressive form is “being”; and the participle form is “been”.

 Functions :

o The verb “to be” has two main functions: as the main verb and as the helping verb.

o _{As a helping verb, it functions to indicate progressive tenses and passive} sentences.

1. Verb “to be” as main verb.

Depending on the subject and the tense, the verb “to be” changes its form into “am”, “is”, “are”, “was” “were” or “been”.

Thus, we have:

1. I am a teacher.

2. He was our guest speaker last year. 3. He is good at English.

4. They are in the room now.

In this case, the verb “to be” functions as the main verb.

2. Verb “to be” as helping verb.

i. Verb “to be” indicates progressive tense (continuous tense). Thus we have: 1. He is learning English.

2. She is being childish now!

3. They are cooking for the party tonight.

34 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a VERB-TO-BE

Subject Present Tense Past Tense

Singular

is Was

He She

It Salleh

I am Was

Plural

are Were

You We They The girls

EXERCISE 1

Fill in the blanks with ‘am’, ‘is’ and ‘are’.

1.Neither she nor I ______ going to the concert.

2.Either she or they ________to take the things to your house afterwards. 3.Too much salt _______ bad for you for it will give you high blood pressure.

4.The town council ________ proposing a law to make every house owner pay extra tax. I think everyone will object.

5.The children _________ going to get the best opportunities in life.

6.Every man and every woman __________ to help to make this scheme a success. 7.He can never give up politics because politics _________ in his blood.

8.The policemen ________ setting up road blocks everywhere to catch the robbers. 9.There ________ a number of chairs in the canteen. You can take one of them. 10.The owner of the three houses ___________ not here today.

35 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2

Fill in the blanks with ‘was’ or ‘were’.

1. The prices of the things he bought _________ very high.

2. Every boy and every girl in the school __________ asked to help in the concert last month.

3. Neither he nor I __________ wrong in this matter. So, do not blame either of us. 4. Not only his friends but also his enemies __________ praising him for his honesty at a

ceremony two years ago.

5. There __________ very little variety in the food they served in the canteen.

6. The crew and passengers ____________ treated to dinner when they landed on the island.

7. His family ___________ always eating durians when they visited their grandparents in the village.

8. The class ___________ quietly doing their work when the teacher went to the office. 9. “The Beautiful Garden” ____________ written by a Malaysian author three years ago. 10. The people ___________ busy selling ‘ keropok’.

36 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 13

:

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

 The Simple Present Tense is used to show a truth or a fact

 Study the examples below:

o _{Susan brushes her teeth every morning.} o _{My mother cooks fish curry every week.} o _{The boys play football in the evening.}

 The Simple Present Tense is also used for actions which are done habitually or which happens regularly.

 Adverbs like every morning, once a month, usually, always, never , often can be used with the Simple Present Tense.

 Susan brushes her teeth every morning.

 My mother cooks fish curry every week.

 The boys play football in the evening. REMEMBER:

 Singular nouns take the singular form of the verb in the simple present tense.

 Plural nouns take the plural form of the verb in the simple present tense.

 We use the Simple Present when we talk about something which happens repeatedly. Eg: Ali walks to school everyday.

 We use the Simple Present to describe a series of actions in the present. Eg: Every morning, Ali wakes up, brushes his teeth and takes a bath.

37 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a Study the table below carefully. It will help you.

SINGULAR PLURAL

He Susan The cat plays sings writes runs They We I You play sing write run EXERCISE 1

Underline the correct forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences. 1. The earth [ moves / move ] round the sun.

2. Lions and tigers [ hunt / hunts] for food in the jungle.

3. Anna and Ben [ practises / practise ] playing the piano an hour everyday. 4. Mosquitoes [ is / are] harmful insects.

5. Latif often [ watch / watches] television at night. 6. Cocks [ crow / crows] ; a hen [ cackle / cackles]. 7. Mona usually [ exercises / exercise ] in the morning.

8. Sometimes the children [ walk / walks ] to school but usually their father [ drive / drives] them.

9. Sheila and her cousins often [ participate / participates] in essay writing competitions. 10. My friend [ speak / speaks ] Chinese fluently but he [ do not know / does not know

how to write it.

EXERCISE 2

Complete these sentences by underlining the correct verb form.

Sarah ( 1) ( is / are ) a policewoman. Her day (2) ( begin / begins ) early. She (3) (leave / leaves ) for work at 6 a.m. each day. She ( arrives / arrive ) at the police station at 7.45 a.m. At 8 a.m. she and the other officers (5) (attend / attends) a meeting. Their police chief Captain Costa (6) ( talk / talks) to them about their duties for the day.

38 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

Sarah and her partner Bill usually (7) (patrols / patrol ) a certain part of the city each day. They ( 8 ) (make / makes ) sure that the streets and back alley ( 9 ) (is / are) safe for the public. They visit shopping and video arcades to look for students who (10) (play / plays) truant. Sarah’s day often ( 11 ) ( end / ends ) at 6.30 p.m.

EXERCISE 3

Complete the sentences with the simple present tense of the verbs in the box.

1. Mum, we ____________your cakes. They are delicious. 2. Dareen ______________ articles for a famous magazine.

3. The cook usually ___________________ new recipes every Tuesday.

4. My little brother ____________ home from school every afternoon to watch cartoons. 5. During winter it _________, so we have to put on our boots.

6. Dolphins _____________ underwater through their blowholes. 7. Danny ___________tennis at the club every weekend.

8. We usually _________ recyclable things in special bins. 9. Dogs __________ a well-developed sense of smell.

10. The women ___________mats out of screw-pine leaves for a living.

EXERCISE 4

1. Ali _________________ (wash) his car every Saturday. 2. Aminah _____________ (iron) her clothes every morning.

3. Every day, Ali _________ (read) books, _______ (do) his homework and _________ (play) football.

4. Every Sunday morning, Aminah ________ (go) to the market, ________ (buy) newspaper and ____________ (do) house chores.

breathe have hurry love play

39 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 14 :

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

 The Simple Past Tense is used to talk about actions, states, and situations in the past.

 We use the Simple Past when we talk about something which started and finished in the past.

Eg: Yesterday, Ali walked to school.

 We use the Simple Past to describe a series of actions in the past.

Eg: Yesterday, Ali woke up, brushed his teeth and took a bath.

 We can use the Simple Past together with the Past Continuous .

Eg: Yesterday, while Ali was walking to school, he saw a cat.

Example:

 Emily Dickinson lived in the nineteenth century. She was a poet. She wrote more than a thousand poems

40 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

 You can use the simple past tense with time expressions that refer to the past.

Some examples of past time expressions are: i. “last”

Examples:

 She was here last Sunday.

 They were in London last year. ii. “ago”

Examples:

 He went shopping in the new mall a week ago.

 We saw the Director eating in the café a while ago. iii) “yesterday”

Examples:

 Joe was at the cinema when their parents came back from Tokyo yesterday.

 Ali and Zai were doing their assignments yesterday afternoon. REGULAR VERBS

You will notice that the word ‘look’ does not change when we add the suffix “-ed” and the main verb ‘look’ is the same. Therefore “LOOK” is a regular verb.

PRESENT I look through the window.

41 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Past Tense – Regular Verbs

Give the answers for the following.

1. walk ____________________

2. play ____________________

3. boil ____________________

4. wash ____________________

5. kick ____________________

6. lock ____________________

7. watch ____________________

8. clean ____________________

9. sew ____________________

10. dust ____________________

11. paint ____________________

12. fry ____________________

13. study ____________________

14. pray ____________________

15. try ____________________

16. cry ____________________

17. dry ____________________

18. live ____________________

19. wipe ____________________

42 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 2

Fill in the blanks by changing the verb in the brackets into past tense form. The first sentence has been done for you.

1. The result was so unexpected that it shocked everyone. (shock) 2. My mother ____________ chicken curry for dinner last night. (cook) 3. Sam ____________ us to lock the doors. (remind)

4. My sister __________ my hand so tightly that it hurt. (grip) 5. Who ____________ my new shoes? (borrow)

6. My mother ________ her clothes while watching television. (iron)

7. We had to stop the game yesterday because it __________ heavily. (rain) 8. His sister _______ cakes for him yesterday. (bake)

9. The headmaster _______ his teachers about the new programme. (inform) 10. The plumber _____ the broken pipe in just ten minutes. (fix)

EXERCISE 3

Use the words in the brackets to fill in the blanks.

1. Kamal ______________ his grandfather in the village . (visit, visited) 2. They __________ fruits at the orchard.( plucking, plucked)

3. Siti ______________ after he sisters when her mother was away. (look, looked) 4. My mother _______________ chicken rice last night. (cooking, cooked)

5. Sarimah and Karina ______________ the clothes and dried them outside. (washing, washed)

6. Kamal ______________ to school yesterday because his bicycle broke down. (walked, walk)

43 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

7. David was bored, so he ______________ a movie last night. (watch, watched) 8. Lim and Shini ___________________ the desks and chairs just now. (arrange,

arranged)

9. Jokun __________________ a few books from the library just now. (borrowing, borrowed)

10. She ___________________ with the headmaster an hour ago. (talk, talked) 11. The boys __________________ in the river yesterday evening.( playing, played)

12. When they _________________ the zoo, they bought the tickets at the counter. ( reach, reached)

13. My grandmother ________________ some chilli seeds in the garden. (plants, planted) 14. My father and my uncle _____________________ the house last Sunday.( paint,

painted)

44 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a IRREGULAR VERBS

 A verb is a ‘ doing ’ or an ‘action’ word.

 The tense tells when the action takes place.

Present ( today ) Past (yesterday ) Future ( tomorrow )

verb verb + ed will / shall + verb

I paint a picture. I painted a picture. I shall paint a picture.

Irregular verbs do not follow this pattern. Their past tense is different. These are the most commonly used irregular verbs.

PRESENT PAST Today Yesterday

I……. I …….

PRESENT PAST Today Yesterday

I …….. I……..

am was awake awoke bear bore begin began bite bit bleed bled blow blew break broke bring brought build built buy bought catch caught choose chose come came creep crept

fly flew forget forgot

freeze froze fry fried give gave go went

cry cried deal dealt dig dug do did draw drew dream dreamt drink drank drive drove dry dried eat ate fall fell feed fed feel felt fight fought find found see saw sell sold send sent shake shook shine shone sing sang

45 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a grow grew

hang hung hear heard hide hid hold held keep kept know knew lay laid lead led learn learnt learned leave left lend lent lie lay light lit lighted lose lost make made mean meant meet met pay paid read read ride rode ring rang rise rose run ran say said

sink sunk sit sat slide slid sleep slept smell smelt smelled speak spoke

speed sped spend spent

spin spun spoil spoilt spoiled stand stood steal stole sweep swept swim swam swing swung take took teach taught tear tore tell told think thought throw threw wake woke wear wore win won write wrote

46 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Fill in the blanks with the correct irregular verbs.

1 The man (drive) _________________his car to work yesterday.

2 The boys (swim) ________________in the swimming pool the whole morning. 3 Siti Nurhaliza (sing) ______________ a melodious song at the concert.

4 Mariah (write) _______________on the exercise book. 5 The boy (run) ______________towards his father.

6 The Mathematics teacher (teach) _______________the students algebra last week. 7 My mother (go) _____________to the market this morning.

8 Cik Zarina Bi (pay) ____________the shopkeeper for the goods.

9 The Prime Minister (shake) ____________hands with the teachers at the parade. 10 The aeroplane (fly) ____________over the tall building.

EXERCISE 2

Fill in the blanks with the correct irregular verbs.

1 The man (drive) _________________his car to work yesterday.

2 The boys (swim) ________________in the swimming pool the whole morning. 3 Siti Nurhaliza (sing) ______________ a melodious song at the concert.

4 Mariah (write) _______________on the exercise book. 5 The boy (run) ______________towards his father.

6 The Mathematics teacher (teach) _______________the students algebra last week. 7 My mother (go) _____________to the market this morning.

47 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 8 Cik Zarina Bi (pay) ____________the shopkeeper for the goods.

9 The Prime Minister (shake) ____________hands with the teachers at the parade. 10 The aeroplane (fly) ____________over the tall building.

EXERCISE 3

Past Tense- Irregular Verbs

Write the Simple Past Tense for the following.

1. go ___________________

2. eat __________________-

3. sit __________________

4. see __________________

5. run ___________________

6. give ___________________

7. find ___________________

8. dig ___________________

9. sell ___________________

10. send ___________________

11. sink ___________________

12. lose ___________________

13. take ___________________

14. blow ___________________

48 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 4

Irregular Verbs

Use the words in the brackets to fill in the blanks.

1. He _________ clerk two years ago ( is, was )

2. John ________ a toy to his sister. ( gives, gave )

3. Maria _________ part in the netball game. ( take, took )

4. We __________ a good meal at home last night. ( have, had )

5. After the game, Johan ________ home by bus. ( goes, went )

6. Those boys _________ at the canteen during the recess. ( are, were )

7. Jason _________ a sandwich for lunch this afternoon. ( eats, ate )

8. Ali ________ the second prize for his story last week. ( win, won )

9. Mrs Wong ___________ a magazine from the shop. ( buy, bought )

10. They __________ the wooden table in the hall. ( put, puts )

11. The boys ________ back late after the football match. ( come, came )

12. Linda _________ the song sweetly, so everyone clapped loudly. ( sings, sang )

13. The woman __________ bitterly when she heard the sad news. ( cries, cried )

14. The children _________ in the clean water. ( swam, swim )

15. Sharmila ________ a lot of water because the food was very spicy.

49 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 15 :

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

 We use the future tense to show future action. Examples:

I will go to your place on Monday. Mr Lopez will call us at 9 p.m. tomorrow.

9 pm tomorrow

Now Monday

 We form the simple future tense using will in this way:

Examples:

Sue will wash the dishes later.

They will visit Mrs Lim tomorrow evening. The taxi will be here at 3 pm.

 We can also use the “going to” form for future action that is planned earlier or events that we think are likely to happen in the future. We form the simple future tense using “going to” in this way:

past present future

will +

base form of verb

Present tense of the verb

to be

+

going to

+ base form

of verb

REMEMBER!

 The following are examples of some words that may be used with verbs in the future tense

tomorrow tomorrow night next Friday next week

50 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a Examples:

He is going to play golf on Saturday. I am going to swim in the evening. Oil prices are going to rise next week.

 We use Future Tense to show actions which will happen in future. Eg: Tomorrow, Ali will walk to school.

51 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 16 : PROGRESSIVE TENSE- PAST AND PRESENT

 The past continuous tense is formed by the past tense of the verb to be+ the present participle.

 It is used for past actions whose exact limits are not known.

 The past continuous is chiefly used for past actions which continued for some time but whose exact limits are not known and are not important.

Example:

He is talking on the phone. ( present progressive tense) He talked on the phone an hour ago. (past tense)

He was talking on the phone an hour ago. (past progressive tense)

She is singing a song. She sang a song last night.

She was singing a song last night.

The cat is eating a fish.

The cat ate a fish just now / It ate a fish just now.

The cat was eating a fish just now. /It was eating a fish just now.

PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Ways to change base words to the verb+ing form

By adding “ing”

e.g. ; discount = discounting

By

omitting the “e” and adding

“ing”

e.g. : produce = producing

By

doubling the last consonant and adding “ing” e.g. : win = winning

52 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Change the verbs below into the verb-ing forms

bring, hope, end, rejoice, raise, sweep, keep, bear, deserve, continue

1. _________________ 6. _________________

2. _________________ 7. _________________

3. _________________ 8. _________________

4. _________________ 9. _________________

53 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 17 :

PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

 Notes: There must be an agreement between the subject and Past Progressive Tense (verbs – to- be and verb+ing) when using it in the past tense.

Ali was eating rice when it rained.

The students were writing essays when the dismissal bell rang.

Sentence structure : Singular subject

Plural subject singular

subject

singular + past

tense

base verb + “ing” shows past tense

plural subject

plural+ past tense verb to

be

base word + ”ing” ( omit “e”)

shows past tense

were was

54 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Study the subjects in the following sentences and write the correct Past Progressive Tense.

1. Abu _____ ______ (sit) on the chair when it broke.

2. The teachers _____ _________ ( teach ) when they heard the announcement 3. My mother _____ _____ (cook) when the phone rang.

4. The principal _____ _____ (give) a speech when she fainted.

5. The students _____ ______ (run) across the road when the accident happened. 6. A boy ________ ______________ (read) a book under the tree a moment ago. 7. The birds ______ _______________ (fly) in the sky when it rained.

8. My mother ______ __________________ (bake) some cookies in the kitchen when she came.

9. The girls _________ ______________ (run) around the field when it started pouring. 10. The man and the woman ______ ______________ (watch) television in the living room

when they heard someone on the door.

EXERCISE 2

Study the subjects in the sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct verbs to be and spelling of verb +ing form.

1. The spectators ______ _______ (cheer) the Malaysian Team.

2. My mother _______ ______ (praise) Nana when the announcement of Gegar Vaganza was made.

3. Kien Keat and Boon Heong __________ ________ (train) at the badminton academy when they received the news.

55 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 18 :

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

 We use the Present Continuous to show an action which is happening at the moment of speaking.

Eg: Now, Ali is reading a book.

EXERCISE 1 Fill in the blanks.

1. Now, Ali _________ (wash) a car. 2. Aminah ___________ (bathe) now. 3. The cats ______________ (sleep ).

4. The farmers _________________ ( rest) under a tree. 5. My teacher _________________ (mark ) the books.

EXERCISE 2

Choose the correct answers and fill in the blanks.

1. The boys __________________________ in the playground. ( is playing, are playing)

2. The woman ____________________ the floor with a broom. ( is sweeping, am sweeping)

3. The little girl _______________________ an ice-cream.( are eating, is eating) 4. The man with a songkok ____________________ some fish. (am choosing, is

choosing)

5. A woman _____________________ some oranges into a plastic bag. ( is putting, are putting)

6. The girl _____________________ after the children.(is looking, are looking) 7. Some people _____________________ under the tree. ( are standing, is standing)

56 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

8. The children __________________________ in the sea. ( am swimming, are swimming)

9. The men ______________________ on the bench in the park. ( is sitting, are sitting) 10. A boy ______________________ a book under the tree. (is reading, are reading) 11. The birds _____________________ in the sky. (is flying, are flying)

12. My mother ________________________ some cookies in the kitchen. (is baking, are baking)

13. The girls _______________________ around the field. (are running, is running)

14. The man and the woman _____________________ television in the living room. (is watching, are watching)

15. The waiter ________________________ some food to the customers. (is serving, are serving)

57 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 19

:

PREPOSITIONS

 A preposition is a word which is used before a noun or pronoun to show its relation to some other words in the sentence. Preposition used in sentences show how things, people, and animals relate to each other in space , time and others.

Examples

He sat on the bench. (space) He called the police at ten o’clock. (time)

He opened the letter with a knife. (method ) He killed the fox for its fur. (purpose)

Preposition of time

ten minutes

for a month after

for two years

four days For + duration of time

a long time

58 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

At

The weekend Night

After

For + duration of time

on

Midnight Noon

4 o’clock/4 pm

Wednesday

Wednesday morning 21 September 1990 Twenty-first September September 21

after by until/till before

since (+point in time)

1998 Winter/summer May In

the morning the afternoon the evening

59 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Tick () to the correct statement.

1 There is a laptop on the table. X

2 There is a round clock on the wall. 3 The compact disc is under the table. 4 The table is in front of the sofa. 5 There is a chair near the table.

6 The computer table is opposite the sofa.

7 The mouse is between the key board and a book.

EXERCISE 2

Look at the picture and fill in the blanks with the words provided.

60 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 1. The fox is ______________the rock.

2. The hen is ______________ the cage. 3. The dwarf is _____________ the tree. 4. The horse walks ____________ the road. 5. The giant is ______________ on the hill.

EXERCISE 3

Look at the picture. Read the sentence and number it based on the picture.

a. I am in the water. b. I am up here in the tree. c. I am on the leaf.

d. I am under the bridge. e. I am under the tree.

61 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 4

Underline the correct preposition in the bracket. 1. Alan is very tall (for, in ) his age.

2. He went to work (on, at) half past seven. 3. Alia sat (beside, between) Rosnah and Lim. 4. I have replied (to, from ) her letter.

5. He is (on, in ) duty today.

6. The cat is lying (on, inside) the sofa.

7. He has been reading (since, for ) ten o’clock. 8. My mother is not (in, at ) home.

9. The boy fell (of, off ) his horse and broke his leg. 10. Have you heard (from, at) Aini lately?

EXERCISE 5

Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition. The words in the table may help you.

across along before behind from into

past through to towards

1. The sparrow is flying __________ the rambutan tree. 2. Mother is throwing the rubbish _______ the rubbish bin. 3. The girl is running away _________ the dog.

4. The baby is walking _______ the television.

5. Mary is running ______ the final station in the cross country race. 6. The music can be heard ___________ the wall.

7. Walk _____________ this road to come to a junction. 8. The best swimmer is swimming ________ the widest river. 9. We have to complete this test ________ we go home. 10. The Blue house is marching ________ the Green house.

62 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 6

Underline the correct answer.

1. The boy is walking (to, from, across) the canteen. 2. Mary ran (into, toward, across) the road.

3. The kitten fell (from, into, past) the well. 4. The seal leapt (from, into, through) the hoop.

5. He is cycling (from, to, along) the school to the market. 6. The deer is running (to, from, past) the tiger.

7. Please be at the cinema (before, by, on) 6.00 p.m. because the movie is starting at 6.15 p.m.

8. The snake crawled (into, in, at) the basket.

EXERCISE 7

Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition.

1. Did you meet Mr Lim _________ the meeting yesterday? 2. She hid the dirt ___________ the carpet.

3. Don’t walk ___________ the dog. It might bite you. 4. Monica’s birthday is ___________ the 3rd of October. 5. The baby has been sick __________ a few days.

6. I received a letter ________ my sister who is studying _______ London. 7. Remember to switch off the lights ________ you leave the room.

8. The ball rolled ________ the stairs and fell ________ the drain. 9. The clinic will be closed _________ the public holidays.

10. James works ________ an accountant in a bank.

11. My grandmother left her spectacles __________ the table. 12. I am looking for a piece _________ paper to write a letter. 13. The man ran ________ of the burning house.

63 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 20 :

ADVERBS

 There are several types of adverbs such as adverbs of manner, time, frequency, place and degree.

 Adverbs are words that describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.

 There are many kinds of adverbs. Adverbs of Manner

Adverbs of manner describe ‘how’. Examples:

quickly, strangely, confidently, wisely, sweetly

Study the following examples. a. How did she shout?

She shouted loudly. b. How did he sing? He sang confidently. c. How did the fire burn? It burned slowly.

EXERCISE 1

Identify and underline the adverbs in the sentences given below.

1. The very end of the restaurant is strictly for non-smokers. 2. Sheila is solely responsible for the cleanliness of the library. 3. The miser counts his money carefully every night.

4. Mary’s parents rarely allow her to go out at night. 5. The lion sprang on its prey mercilessly.

64 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a Adverbs can be formed from adjectives by adding –ly or –ily. Example:

EXERCISE 2

Form adverbs from the following adjectives.

ADJECTIVES ADVERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS

brave greedy

bitter happy

brief loud

hopeful low

clear patient

correct quick

cruel sad

easy serious

free sudden

furious willing

ADJECTIVES ADVERBS

1. angry angrily 2. great greatly 3. careful carefully 4. neat neatly 5. strange strangely

65 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 3

Choose and fill in each blank with suitable adverbs given below.

Sweetly correctly hurriedly soundly confidently fiercely Cruelly wisely quietly attentively badly patiently

1. The bull charged __________ at the small boy. 2. The children slept __________ after the Sports Day.

3. Anuar spends his money __________ because he is a careful person. 4. The girl smiled __________ at her idol.

5. He walked __________ into the house so as not to wake his mother. 6. Nathan was injured __________ when a lorry crashed into his house. 7. In order to be a good debater, one must be able to speak __________. 8. The wicked man hit his children __________.

9. The intelligent girl answered all the teacher’s questions __________. 10. The lady walked __________ when she saw two strangers following her. 11. Mr. Lee waited __________ for his daughter to come out from the interview. 12. The class listened __________ while the teacher explained the experiment.

EXERCISE 4

Replace the underlined words with a suitable adverb.

1. The swans swim with grace.

2. All of a sudden, lightning flashed in the sky.

3. The spectators clapped in a loud manner for their team. 4. Joanne waited for her results in anxiety.

5. The mother kissed her baby with great love. 6. Think with care before you decide on a life partner. 7. Rahman answered his friend in a rude manner. 8. Mr. Wong did the job in an efficient manner.

66 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a ADVERBS OF DEGREE

 Adverbs of degree describe ‘to what degree’. It answers the question on ‘ how much’ or ‘to what extent’.

Examples:

quite, nearly, very, absolutely, slightly, too, reasonably, more, less Study the following examples.

a. Andrew is quite good on the piano.

b. There are nearly five thousand people at the concert. c. He was too careless.

d. I’m rather busy.

EXERCISE 1

Identify and underline the adverb of degree in the sentences below. 1. He is too shy.

2. Are you quite sure? 3. The walk was rather long.

4. The patient is much better today. 5. Do not walk so fast.

6. Sheila is very good at scrabble.

7. Do you think the food is rather tasteless? 8. This imported book is reasonably cheap. 9. There are more girls than boys in this class. 10. The activities that we had were less tiring.

67 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 21 : ADJECTIVES

 An adjective tells us what something or someone is or seems like. It is used to describe nouns or pronouns.

EXERCISE 1

Underline all the adjectives given in the sentences below..

1. Nobody wants to employ lazy workers.

2. He is very greedy. The more he has, the more he wants.

3. She will not listen to your advice. She is a very stubborn girl.

4. Encik Abu Bakar is a dedicated teacher. All the pupils like him.

5. We enjoy Joe’s company. He is such a jovial person.

6. A brave man jumped into the river to save the drowning child.

68 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a Comparison of Adjectives

[ Positive Degree , Comparative Degree, Superlative Degree ]

1. Adjectives have three degrees of comparison. i. Positive

eg. Mr Bingo is a strong man.

ii.Comparative

eg. Mr. Frank is stronger than Mr. Bingo

iii. Superlative

eg. Mr David is the strongest of the three.

2. The comparative degree is used to compare one person or thing with another. eg. Tasnim is taller than Ramlah

eg. That car is cheaper than this one.

3. The superlative degree is used to compare one person or thing with more than one eg. Liza is the tallest of the three.

69 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Add ‘-er’ [ comparative ] and ‘-est’ [ superlative ]

Positive

Comparative [ + ‘-er’ ]

Superlative [ + ‘ –est’ ] 1 brave

2 great 3 near 4 fast 5 rich

EXERCISE 2

Add ‘-ier’ [ comparative ] and ‘-iest’ [ superlative ]

Positive

Comparative

[ + ‘-ier’ ] Superlative [ + ‘ –iest’ ] 1 dirty

2 early 3 easy 4 happy 5 heavy

70 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 3

Double the last letter + ‘-er’ or ‘-est’

Positive Comparative Superlative

1 big 2 fat 3 hot 4 wet 5 sad

EXERCISE 4

Change the spelling

Positive Comparative Superlative

1 bad 2 far 3 good 4 little 5 many

71 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 5

Add ‘more’ [ comparative ] and ‘the’ + ‘most‘ [ superlative ]

Positive Comparative

[ + more ]

Superlative [ the + most ] 1 beautiful

2 careful 3 comfortable 4 expensive 5 famous

EXERCISE 6

Fill in the blanks by using the comparative or superlative forms of the adjectives in brackets.

1. Nirmala is ______(old) than James.

2. Mount Kinabalu is the ________(high) mountain in South-East Asia. 3. She is the ________(good) Biology teacher we have.

4. It is ________(cool) today than yesterday. 5. A carpet is ________(expensive) than a rug.

6. They are the ________(clever) students in the school. 7. Is Susan _________(popular) than her sister?

8. He is the __________ (lazy) person I know.

9. The Angel Falls is the _______(high) waterfall in the world.

72 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 7

Underline the correct answer.

1. My mother has a ( big, bigger, biggest ) car than my uncle. 2. Shanti is the (slim, slimmer, slimmest ) lady in the office.

3. The little girl has the ( sweet, sweeter, sweetest ) smile I have ever seen. 4. This steak is (tough, tougher, toughest).

5. Your handwriting is ( neat, neater, neatest ) than mine. 6. Elephants are ( strong, stronger, strongest ) animals.

7. As far as I know, my mother bakes the ( good, better, best ) cheese cake. 8. Bees are considered the ( busy, busier, busiest) insects.

9. Mount Everest is the ( high, higher, highest) mountain in the world. 10. This is the ( bad, worse, worst) fire in the last siz months.

11. William runs the ( fast, faster, fastest ) in his class.

12. Do you know which is the ( long, longer, longest ) river in the world? 13. Both the sisters are as ( tall, taller, tallest ) as their mother.

14. Can you speak ( loud, louder, loudest) ? I can’t hear you from here. 15. Mr Teo is the (rich , richer, richest) businessman man in town. 16. She is (good, better, best) than me at cooking.

17. Lisa is the ( fair, fairer, fairest)in my class.

18. Taiping is the ( wet, wetter, wettest) town in Malaysia. 19. There is (little, less, least) water in the jug.

73 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 8

Complete the table of adjectives below.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

angry beautiful

cheap dirty expensive

fat cold delicious

heavy little sad thin happy

long short poor smart

good tall sweet

74 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a

UNIT 22 : QUESTION TAGS

 The negative Question-Tag for positive statement Examples:

- She will recover soon, won’t she?

- Breast milk is the perfect source of nutrition for infants, isn’t it?

 The positive question-tag for negative statement

Examples:

- Mothers are not urged to discard colostrums, are they? - House dust isn’t the major problem of allergy, is it?

 If the statement contains a main verb, you must use the auxiliary “do” in the Question-Tag. The tenses of the auxiliary “do” are determined by the tenses of the main verb in the sentence.

Examples:

- He appears calm, doesn’t he?

- She lost her leg in the accident, didn’t she? - Vegetables contain a lot of fibre, don’t they?

75 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a EXERCISE 1

Add tag questions to the following.

1. They want to invent something, _______________? 2. Elizabeth is a dentist,______________?

3. They won’t be here,_______________? 4. There aren’t any problems,______________? 5. That is your umbrella,_____________? 6. George is a student,______________?

7. He’s learned a lot in the last couple of years,______________? 8. Many flowers have medicinal values,______________?

9. Joan can’t come with us,______________________? 10. She’ll help us later,_________________?

11. Peggy would like to come with us to the conference,_______________? 12. Those aren’t Fred’s notebook,________________?

13. You’ve never been to Paris,_________________? 14. Something is wrong with him today,______________?

15. Some aquatic animals cannot breathe in the air,_______________? 16. Nobody cheated on the exam,_________________?

17. Nothing went wrong while I was gone,__________________? 18. I am invited,_________________?

EXERCISE 2

Provide responses to the following questions.

1. The room isn’t too small, is it? ____________________ 2. The cat won’t scratch, will it? ____________________

3. The judges weren’t fair, were they?___________________

4. The robbers haven’t been caught, have they?______________________ 5. She doesn’t know the way to the clinic, does she?__________________ 6. You needn’t post the letter today, need you?_____________________ 7. They are not allowed to eat here, are they?______________________ 8. The school field will not be used today, will it?__________________ 9. They aren’t ready to perform, are they?_________________________ 10. The train will be delayed, won’t it? ____________________________

107 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 73. There __________ some kittens in this box a few minutes ago.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

74..He tried to open the door __________ it was locked.

A. or

B. so

C. but

D. and

75. _________ I borrow your pencil, please ? A. Can

B. Might C. May D. Should

76. Arif and I went to the zoo. _______________ went there by bus. A. We

B. I

C. She D. They

77. You are getting too fat. You _______________ exercise more. A. ought

B. would

C. should D. might

108 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 78. ________________ did the players feel after winning the game ?

A. Why

B. How

C. When D. Where

79. They _____________________ home when the accident happened. A. is walking

B. was walking C. are walking D. were walking

80. He is the ____________ man I have ever met. A. kinder

B. kindest C. kind

81. He has been _________ in Jakarta for ten years. A. live

B. lives C. lived D. living

82. I ____________________ my auntie now. A. is helping

B. am helping C. are helping D. were helping

109 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 83. Kamil ___________ to school everyday.

A. cycle B. cycles C. cycled D. cycling

84. My mother likes to __________ curry puff. A. cooks

B. cook C. cooked D. cooking

85. Chong Meng wants to be an artist because he loves to ___________ . A. draws

B. drew C. draw D. drawing

86. Each of the students ____________ given a pack of biscuit.

A. is

B. to

C. are

D. of

87. The wind blows ______ by the seaside. A. bravely

B. strongly C. carelessly D. immediately

110 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 88. My father’s sister ______ my aunt.

A. is

B. am

C. was

D. were

89. There is _______________ mangosteen tree in Nadia’s garden. Nadia likes to sit and read under _______________ tree.

A. a, an B. a, the C. an, the D. the, the

90. The mangoes in that basket _______________ sweet. A. is

B. are C. was

91. I made the desk _________________ A. myself B. himself

C. herself D. themselves

92. The games Ranjit enjoys are football, hockey _________ badminton.

A. as

B. but

C. since

111 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 93. Malaysia is famous ____________ its beautiful beaches.

A. at

B. in

C. for

D. to

94. We ________________ the food hungrily yesterday. A. eat

B. eats C. ate D. eating

95. Muthu gave Sarah _____ silk blouse for her birthday.

A. a

B. an

C. the

96. Ahmad ran __________ to catch the bus. A. neatly

B. loudly C. silently D. quickly

97. She hurt ___________ while cutting the vegetables yesterday. A. itself

B. herself C. himself D. themselves

112 | M o d u l T r i u m p h R e d o n g V o l . 1 – M i a A n t a s h a 98. They like to swim ___________ play hockey during the weekends.

A. so

B. but

C. and

D. because

99. My father wants to _______ a papaya tree there. A. plant

B. plants C. planted D. planting

100. The tigress licked _____ paws after eating a hearty meal. A. its

B. his

C. our

D. their