PROTEST AGAINST CHILD EXPLOITATION REFLECTED IN CHARLES DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST (1838) : Protest against child exploitation reflected In charles dickens’ oliver twist (1838) : A sociological approach.
PROTEST AGAINST CHILD EXPLOITATION REFLECTED
IN CHARLES DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST (1838) :
A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
Research Paper
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
by:
TUNJUNG WULANDARI
A 320100254
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a
university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published or others, expect those in which the writing are referred in the
manuscript and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Because it, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in
this testimony, I will hold full with responsibility.
Surakarta, 24 July 2014
Tunjung Wulandari
iv
MOTTO
Not life, but good life, is to be chiefly valued.
(Socrates)
Live as if you were to die tomorrow! Learn as if you were to live
forever!
(Mahatma Gandhi)
Your time is limited. So don’t waste it living someone else’s life!
(Steve Jobs)
Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep
moving.
(Albert Einstein)
v
DEDICATION
Proudly and wholeheartedly this research paper is
dedicated to:
Allah SWT
My beloved parents “Supardi and Suwarni”
My beloved little sister “Julia and Putri”
All of my family
My lecturers
All of my friends
The reader
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Glory to Allah SWT, the Most Beneficent and Sustainer of the world. First
of all, I would like to address my greatest thanks to Allah SWT. He is the only
One who gives me blessings in everything. Prize and invocation also go to our
great Prophet Muhammad SAW. On the whole, I feel grateful to finish this
research paper entitled “PROTEST AGAINST CHILD EXPLOITATION
REFLECTED IN CHARLES DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST (1838) : A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH”.
Besides, this study can be completed and finished because of others who
used to give me supports, prayers, helps, guidance, suggestions and reinforced
criticism. My deepest and huge gratitude always go to the following persons:
1. Allah SWT the most merciful, the perfect one who manages my whole lifetime
very well.
2. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S. as the first consultant who patiently gives me
suggestions, supports, guidance, and his analogy through the research paper.
3. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd, M.Pd. as the second consultant who gives the best
corrections and suggestions on my poor grammatical structure.
4. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum. as the advisor consultant for giving guidance
and help,
5. Dra. Siti Zuriah Aryatmi, M.Hum. as the academic consultant of English
Department.
vii
6. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum. as the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty for simplifying my research paper.
7. All the lecturers in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for giving me a
chance to be a good student, an endless knowledge and guidance during my
study.
8. My beloved Parents who are used to giving me advises, loving care, supports
and motivation on the road of my life. They has been giving me the best
choice, prayer, hope, thoughts, sincerity and perspiration.
9. My beloved little sister Julia and Putri for being funny whenever I feel bad. I
Love you.
10. Adin Widhiatma as the good boy who has give support, help, and motivation.
11. My friends in English Department, Winda, Noviana, Brigittha, Nana, Wulan
give support and new experience for me.
12. All friends in ―Gendhing‖ drama perfomance and all friends in English
Department thank you for your goodness.
13. Anybody who cannot be mentioned one by one, for the support and
correction about this thesis.
Yet, this research paper is quite far away from perfection since nobody is
perfect. May anyone correct and criticize it, I would be happy to welcome.
Surakarta, 24 July 2014
Tunjung Wulandari
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ................................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .....................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................ iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. ix
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ...................................................................
1
B. Literature Review ...............................................................................
6
C. Problem Statement .............................................................................
7
D. Limitation of the Study ......................................................................
7
E. Objective of the Study .......................................................................
7
F. Benefit of the Study ...........................................................................
7
G. Research Method ...............................................................................
8
H. Paper Organization ............................................................................ 10
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Sociology of Literature ...................................................................... 11
ix
1. Notion of Sociology of Literature ................................................. 11
2. Type of Sociology of Literature .................................................... 13
3. Major Principles of Sociological Perspective ................................ 15
B. Exploitation ....................................................................................... 16
1. Notion of Exploitation ................................................................... 16
2. Type of Exploitation ..................................................................... 16
3. The Impact of Exploitation ............................................................ 18
C. Structural Element of the Novel ........................................................ 19
1. Characters and Characterization ................................................... 19
2. Setting ............................................................................................ 20
3. Plot ................................................................................................ 21
4. Point of View ................................................................................. 23
5. Theme ........................................................................................... 23
6. Style .............................................................................................. 23
D. Theoritical Application ...................................................................... 24
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ENGLAND
IN EARLY NINTEENTH CENTURY
A. Social Aspect ..................................................................................... 25
B. Political Aspect .................................................................................. 28
C. Economic Aspect ................................................................................ 30
D. Religious Aspect ................................................................................ 31
E. Cultural Aspect ................................................................................. 32
F. Science and Technology Aspect ......................................................... 33
x
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL
A. Structural Elements of the Novel ...................................................... 35
1. Character and Characterization .................................................. 35
2. Setting ......................................................................................... 46
3. Plot .............................................................................................. 50
4. Point of View .............................................................................. 56
5. Style ............................................................................................ 57
6. Theme ........................................................................................ 61
B. Discussion .......................................................................................... 61
CHAPTER V: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
A. Social Aspect ..................................................................................... 63
B. Political Aspect ................................................................................... 68
C. Economic Aspect ............................................................................... 71
D. Religious Aspect ................................................................................. 72
E. Cultural Aspect ................................................................................... 74
F. Science and Technology Aspect ......................................................... 76
G. Discussion ......... .................................................................................. 77
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ......................................................................................... 79
B. Suggestion ......................................................................................... 80
C. Pedagogical Implication .................................................................... 80
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 82
VIRTUAL REFERENCE ................................................................................ 84
xi
APPENDIX ....................................................................................................... 85
xii
SUMMARY
TUNJUNG WULANDARI. A. 320 100 254. PROTEST AGAINST CHILD
EXPLOITATION REFLECTED IN CHARLES DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST
(1838) : A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. SCHOOL
OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2014.
This study is about protest against child exploitation. The problem of this
study is how protest against child exploitation is reflected in Charles Dickens‘
Oliver Twist. The object of the study is Oliver Twist novel by Charles Dickens. It
used sociological approach. This study belongs to qualitative research. In this
method, there are two types of data source, namely primary and secondary data
source. The primary data source is Oliver Twist novel and the secondary data
source is other material related to the study. Both data are collected through
library research and analyzed by descriptive analysis. The result of the study
shows the following conclusion. Based on the analysis it is clear that there is a
close relation between structural analysis of this novel and social reality in
England in early nineteenth century. Charles Dickens wants to show the protest
against child exploitation in England in the early nineteenth century through
Oliver Twist novel.
Keyword: protest, child, exploitation, England, Oliver Twist, Sociological.
xiii
IN CHARLES DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST (1838) :
A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
Research Paper
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
by:
TUNJUNG WULANDARI
A 320100254
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2014
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a
university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published or others, expect those in which the writing are referred in the
manuscript and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Because it, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in
this testimony, I will hold full with responsibility.
Surakarta, 24 July 2014
Tunjung Wulandari
iv
MOTTO
Not life, but good life, is to be chiefly valued.
(Socrates)
Live as if you were to die tomorrow! Learn as if you were to live
forever!
(Mahatma Gandhi)
Your time is limited. So don’t waste it living someone else’s life!
(Steve Jobs)
Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep
moving.
(Albert Einstein)
v
DEDICATION
Proudly and wholeheartedly this research paper is
dedicated to:
Allah SWT
My beloved parents “Supardi and Suwarni”
My beloved little sister “Julia and Putri”
All of my family
My lecturers
All of my friends
The reader
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Glory to Allah SWT, the Most Beneficent and Sustainer of the world. First
of all, I would like to address my greatest thanks to Allah SWT. He is the only
One who gives me blessings in everything. Prize and invocation also go to our
great Prophet Muhammad SAW. On the whole, I feel grateful to finish this
research paper entitled “PROTEST AGAINST CHILD EXPLOITATION
REFLECTED IN CHARLES DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST (1838) : A
SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH”.
Besides, this study can be completed and finished because of others who
used to give me supports, prayers, helps, guidance, suggestions and reinforced
criticism. My deepest and huge gratitude always go to the following persons:
1. Allah SWT the most merciful, the perfect one who manages my whole lifetime
very well.
2. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S. as the first consultant who patiently gives me
suggestions, supports, guidance, and his analogy through the research paper.
3. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd, M.Pd. as the second consultant who gives the best
corrections and suggestions on my poor grammatical structure.
4. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum. as the advisor consultant for giving guidance
and help,
5. Dra. Siti Zuriah Aryatmi, M.Hum. as the academic consultant of English
Department.
vii
6. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum. as the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty for simplifying my research paper.
7. All the lecturers in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for giving me a
chance to be a good student, an endless knowledge and guidance during my
study.
8. My beloved Parents who are used to giving me advises, loving care, supports
and motivation on the road of my life. They has been giving me the best
choice, prayer, hope, thoughts, sincerity and perspiration.
9. My beloved little sister Julia and Putri for being funny whenever I feel bad. I
Love you.
10. Adin Widhiatma as the good boy who has give support, help, and motivation.
11. My friends in English Department, Winda, Noviana, Brigittha, Nana, Wulan
give support and new experience for me.
12. All friends in ―Gendhing‖ drama perfomance and all friends in English
Department thank you for your goodness.
13. Anybody who cannot be mentioned one by one, for the support and
correction about this thesis.
Yet, this research paper is quite far away from perfection since nobody is
perfect. May anyone correct and criticize it, I would be happy to welcome.
Surakarta, 24 July 2014
Tunjung Wulandari
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ................................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .....................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................ iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. ix
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ...................................................................
1
B. Literature Review ...............................................................................
6
C. Problem Statement .............................................................................
7
D. Limitation of the Study ......................................................................
7
E. Objective of the Study .......................................................................
7
F. Benefit of the Study ...........................................................................
7
G. Research Method ...............................................................................
8
H. Paper Organization ............................................................................ 10
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Sociology of Literature ...................................................................... 11
ix
1. Notion of Sociology of Literature ................................................. 11
2. Type of Sociology of Literature .................................................... 13
3. Major Principles of Sociological Perspective ................................ 15
B. Exploitation ....................................................................................... 16
1. Notion of Exploitation ................................................................... 16
2. Type of Exploitation ..................................................................... 16
3. The Impact of Exploitation ............................................................ 18
C. Structural Element of the Novel ........................................................ 19
1. Characters and Characterization ................................................... 19
2. Setting ............................................................................................ 20
3. Plot ................................................................................................ 21
4. Point of View ................................................................................. 23
5. Theme ........................................................................................... 23
6. Style .............................................................................................. 23
D. Theoritical Application ...................................................................... 24
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ENGLAND
IN EARLY NINTEENTH CENTURY
A. Social Aspect ..................................................................................... 25
B. Political Aspect .................................................................................. 28
C. Economic Aspect ................................................................................ 30
D. Religious Aspect ................................................................................ 31
E. Cultural Aspect ................................................................................. 32
F. Science and Technology Aspect ......................................................... 33
x
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE NOVEL
A. Structural Elements of the Novel ...................................................... 35
1. Character and Characterization .................................................. 35
2. Setting ......................................................................................... 46
3. Plot .............................................................................................. 50
4. Point of View .............................................................................. 56
5. Style ............................................................................................ 57
6. Theme ........................................................................................ 61
B. Discussion .......................................................................................... 61
CHAPTER V: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
A. Social Aspect ..................................................................................... 63
B. Political Aspect ................................................................................... 68
C. Economic Aspect ............................................................................... 71
D. Religious Aspect ................................................................................. 72
E. Cultural Aspect ................................................................................... 74
F. Science and Technology Aspect ......................................................... 76
G. Discussion ......... .................................................................................. 77
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ......................................................................................... 79
B. Suggestion ......................................................................................... 80
C. Pedagogical Implication .................................................................... 80
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 82
VIRTUAL REFERENCE ................................................................................ 84
xi
APPENDIX ....................................................................................................... 85
xii
SUMMARY
TUNJUNG WULANDARI. A. 320 100 254. PROTEST AGAINST CHILD
EXPLOITATION REFLECTED IN CHARLES DICKENS’ OLIVER TWIST
(1838) : A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. RESEARCH PAPER. SCHOOL
OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION. MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. 2014.
This study is about protest against child exploitation. The problem of this
study is how protest against child exploitation is reflected in Charles Dickens‘
Oliver Twist. The object of the study is Oliver Twist novel by Charles Dickens. It
used sociological approach. This study belongs to qualitative research. In this
method, there are two types of data source, namely primary and secondary data
source. The primary data source is Oliver Twist novel and the secondary data
source is other material related to the study. Both data are collected through
library research and analyzed by descriptive analysis. The result of the study
shows the following conclusion. Based on the analysis it is clear that there is a
close relation between structural analysis of this novel and social reality in
England in early nineteenth century. Charles Dickens wants to show the protest
against child exploitation in England in the early nineteenth century through
Oliver Twist novel.
Keyword: protest, child, exploitation, England, Oliver Twist, Sociological.
xiii