T1 112011018 Full text

THE USE OF WESTERN LOANWORDS IN SPIRIT SECTION OF
SUARA MERDEKA NEWSPAPER

THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan.

Stefanus Maranta Lahade
112011018

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION PROGRAM
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2015

The Use of Western Loanwords in Spirit Section of Suara Merdeka
Newspaper

THESIS

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan.

Stefanus Maranta Lahade
112011018

Approved by :

Elisabet Titik, M. TransStud., PhD

Maria Christina Eko S. M. Hum

Supervisor

Examiner

ii

COPYRIGHT STATEMENT

This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in any
course or accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university.
To the best of my knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously
published or written by any other person except where due reference is made in the
text.

Copyright@2015. Stefanus Maranta Lahade and Elisabet Titik Murtisari, M.
TransStud., PhD.

All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without
the permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the English Language
Education Program, Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian
University, Salatiga

Stefanus Maranta Lahade

iii

PUBLICATION AGREEMENT DECLARATION

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: Stefanus Maranta Lahade
: 112011018
: English Language Education Program
: English and Literature
: Undergraduate Thesis

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The Use of Western Loanwords in Spirit Section of Suara Merdeka Newspaper
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Made in
Date

: Salatiga
: 27 August 2015
Verified by signee,

Stefanus Maranta Lahade
Approved by
Thesis Supervisor

Thesis Examiner

Elisabet Titik, M. TransStud., PhD

Maria Christina Eko S. M. Hum

iv

TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover ..................................................................................................................... i
Approval Page ....................................................................................................... ii
Copyright Statement ............................................................................................. iii
Publication Agreement Declaration ...................................................................... iv
Table of Content .................................................................................................... v
Thesis Body
Abstract ........................................................................................................ 1
Key Words ................................................................................................... 1
Introduction.................................................................................................. 2
Literature Review ........................................................................................ 5
Western Loanwords ................................................................................ 5
Types of Loanwords ............................................................................... 5
Types of Loanwords in Indonesian Newspaper ..................................... 7
English Loanwords in Sport Section of Indonesian Newspaper ............ 8
The Effect of Loanwords on Indonesian ................................................. 8

Research Methodology ................................................................................ 9
Type of Research .................................................................................... 9
Context of Study ..................................................................................... 9
Data and Source of Data ......................................................................... 10
Data Collection and Analysis.................................................................. 10
Findings and Discussion ................................................................................ 11
Western Loanwords in the Spirit Section of Suara Merdeka ................. 11
Types of Western Loanwords ................................................................. 11
Necessary loanwords ........................................................................ 11
Unnecessary Loanwords ................................................................... 12
Discussion of the Findings ...................................................................... 14
Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 16
Acknowledgement................................................................................................. 18
References ............................................................................................................. 19
Appendix ............................................................................................................... 21

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The Use of Western Loanwords in Spirit Section of Suara Merdeka
Newspaper

Stefanus M Lahade
Abstract
This study focuses on Western loanwords in newspaper. The fact that Western
language such as English, Latin, and Dutch language has significant influence
towards Indonesian because there are many Indonesian words have been adapted
from them and that Western loanwords often used in sport articles of newspaper,
the writer then intends to conduct a research on Western loanwords in a sport
section in a newspaper. That is the Spirit section of Suara Merdeka. This study was
conducted by using descriptive qualitative approach. In this study, the data were
taken from Spirit articles of Suara Merdeka newspaper from January 2nd to 31st,
2015. To know whether the loanwords in articles are adapted from Western or other
languages, the writer used Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia and Kamus Kata
Serapan. This study use Jendra’s theory about the types of loanwords which divide
into two types, necessary loanwords and unnecessary loanwords. The findings show
that there are 552 Western loanwords found in the articles. For the types of
loanwords, there are 459 necessary loanwords and 93 unnecessary loanwords.
Necessary loanwords is the type that are most frequently used in the articles. This
study may contribute to the the understanding of the words that considered as
necessary and unnecessary loanwords in Indonesian language which are adapted

from Western loanwords, and language usage in newspaper.

Key Words: Western loanwords, necessary loanwords, unnecessary loanwords

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INTRODUCTION
According to Samsuri (1994) loanwords in Indonesian have been influenced
by two languages, local languages such as Javanese and Sundanese. Foreign
languages such as Dutch, Arabic, English, and Latin. English, Dutch, and Latin as
foreign language in Indonesia are the most dominant languages that have
contributed to the development of Indonesian language. The influence of Western
language in Indonesia was started since the arrival Portuguese into Indonesia in the
early Sixteenth Century (Jones, 2008). At that time, the Portuguese are the main
influences of Western language in Indonesia to the regional languages (Lambert,
2012). A century later, the Portuguese began to be shifted by the arrival of Dutch.
According to Tadmor (as cited in Matras, 2007) Dutch tried to educate the elite
Indonesian in Dutch school, therefore, many of the elites Indonesian who likely to
use Dutch language. This makes Portuguese or Latin language, and Dutch language
have big influence in Indonesian.

In the case of English, English did not just influence Indonesian in the past
because Great Britain had ruled Indonesian for few years, but also made big
influence to Indonesian in this globalization era. English is the language that makes
great influence towards language in the world. The research conducted by Rice
University also shows that “English is the second or third most popular world
language with around 402 million speakers. It is also the most popular second
language in the world" (Kemmer, 2003, p. 23). The statement above also explained
that the influence of English towards the world is significant. Therefore, English
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not just affect how people communicate with each other but also languages that
people used around the world. Crystal (1997) said that the appearance of English
can affect the structure of other languages especially providing a source of
loanwords for use by other languages. Loanwords is a word that is not from the
language itself, but was borrowed from other languages and adapted to the recipient
language (Campbell, 1998). Because Western languages played a big role on the
development of Indonesian, therefore, there are many Indonesian words that have
been adapted from those Western languages, such as the words teknologi
(technology), stabilitas (stability), negatif (negative), and many more. These
Western loanwords can also be found in mass media, for example, in oral

communication like radio and television and written communication such as
magazines and newspapers.
Newspapers, as a written communication normally contains many topics
and updated issues that happen in society, for example, the topic and issues about
sports. A daily newspaper usually has a sport section and in sport articles, there are
Western loanwords often used because many sport term usually from English and
Latin word.
Based on some particular concerns that Western languages have significant
influence towards loanwords in Indonesian, and also that sport articles in daily
newspaper often used Western loanwords, the writer then intends to conduct a
research on Western loanwords in the sports section of Suara Merdeka newspaper.

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This research aims to find Western loanwords used in the articles of the
sport section in Suara Merdeka newspaper. Second is to know the loanwords that
necessary or unnecessary used in the articles. This study may contribute particularly
about Western loanwords in Indonesian vocabulary and also the understanding of
the words that considered as necessary and unnecessary loanwords in Indonesian
language which are adapted from Western loanwords. This study may give the

understanding about the connection between Western loanwords and history of
Indonesian language because basically the use of language is inseparable from the
time the language was used and created. Besides that, this study may give an
explanation about unnecessary loanwords in a newspaper which may affect
Indonesian language as national pride and identity. Lastly, this study may give a
future reference for another researcher in the future on the subject of loanwords in
newspapers.
Suara Merdeka newspaper is an Indonesian language newspaper, as a formal
mass media, this newspaper should use Indonesian correctly. However, when
reading the newspaper, particularly on Spirit section, the researcher found a
significant use of loanwords. Therefore, the researcher is interested to know if the
loanwords in articles should have been borrowed or not because if the Suara
Merdeka newspaper as mass media read by many Indonesian people often use
unnecessary loanwords it also could affect the language used by Indonesian. So the
researcher came up with two research questions, first is what are Western loanwords
used in the articles? And what are the necessary and unnecessary Western
loanwords used in the articles?

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LITERATURE REVIEW
Western Loanwords
Definition of loanword was proposed by Campbell (1998) as “a lexical item
(a words) which has been borrowed from another language, a word which originally
was not part of the vocabulary of the recipient language but was adopted from some
other language” (p. 56). According to Crystal (1994) borrowing words or loanwords
are the production of words from one language or dialect into another. From the
definitions above, loanwords can be defined as those adopted from another
language, and may suffer from some changes (phonemic or grapheme) to adapt to
the recipient language. Therefore, Western loanwords that will be discussed in this
research means words that are borrowed from Western languages such as Latin,
Dutch, Italy, and English and may go through some changes (phonemic or
grapheme) to adapt with Indonesian language.

Types of loanwords

According to Jendra (2010) there are two types of loanwords in Indonesian.
The first one is named necessary loanwords. Necessary loanwords are words
borrowed from other languages because there are no word in recipient language that
could express the words' meaning. The next type of loanwords is unnecessary
loanwords. Unnecessary loanwords are borrowed from a foreign language, although
there are synonymous words that actually have the same meaning and can express
the meaning of the foreign words from the receiver language. However, it is not

5

clear what is meant by synonymy in this definition because there are different types
of this semantic category. Therefore, it needs to be elucidated.

Lyons (1977) proposed some theories about synonyms. There are three
types of synonyms, Full synonymy, total synonymy, and complete synonymy. Full
synonym is synonyms which have identical meanings. Total synonymy is
synonyms that are synonymous in all contexts. Complete synonymy is the synonym
that are identical at all levels of meaning.
So equivalent or synonym means in this present study is the full synonym.
Lyson’s typologies mentioned above can complete the explanation of the types of
loanwords from Jendra. Therefore ‘necessary loanwords’ in this present study refer
to those words that are necessarily borrowed from a foreign language because there
is no full synonym in Indonesian. For examples such as televisi which is adapted
from English word ‘television’, the word ‘television’ has no full synonym in
Indonesian language. Therefore, the word is necessary for Indonesian and adapted
into Indonesian language. Then unnecessary loanwords are those having been
unnecessarily borrowed from a foreign language because there is a full synonym in
Indonesian language that could replace the foreign word. An example of
unnecessary loanwords is ‘snack’, word snack is often used in Indonesia, but
actually this word has full synonym which is kudapan in Indonesian. Kudapan in
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (2008) means penganan yg dimakan di luar waktu
makan or food eaten outside mealtimes. Then based on the Oxford dictionary
(Hornby, 2010) the word snack was defined as a small amount of food eaten

6

between meals. Therefore, kudapan is a full synonym of snack because it has
identical meaning with the word ‘snack’. This word is unnecessarily borrowed for
Indonesian language because actually there is an Indonesian word as the full
synonym of the foreign word.
Types of Loanwords in Indonesian Newspaper
Research about types of loanwords in Indonesian newspaper had been
conducted by Susilowati (2012). This research was entitled “An Analysis of English
Loanwords used in Kompas Newspaper”. This study analyzed and identified the
English loanwords used in articles about economy and education. This research
used descriptive qualitative research. The types of loanwords used in this research
were the theory from Samsuri’s theory.
Samsuri (1994) divided loanwords in Indonesian into three types. First is
simple word which is a foreign word adapted into indonesian either the spelling or
pronunciation. Second is complex word, this is a loanword which is adapted to
Indonesian both the spelling and pronunciation. The last is translation word which
is indonesian word that actually translated from foreign language.
The results of this research showed that there are 184 English loanwords
used in the articles and total of words from the article is about 3678 words. The
results also show that the most frequently type of loanwords used in the articles is
complex loanwords with 3,3 %, and the least type of loanword used is simple word
with 0,5 %. This study was more focused on the frequency and the percentage of

7

the used of loanwords. Besides that this study used Samsuri’s theory while the
present study use Jendra’s theory.
English loanwords in Sports Section of Indonesian Newspaper
Sekarrosa (2014) conducted research about loanwords in sport section of a
newspaper. The data of this study were taken in the period of time from February,
18th 2013 until February, 22nd 2013. Sekarosa (2014) identified the English
borrowing words in two sections of Kompas namely Bussiness and Sport. The total
458 English borrowing words were used as the data of this research. This study
classified the borrowing words based on typological classification of lexical
borrowing by Capuz (1997).
There are three types of lexical borrowing first is loanwords (recipient
language borrows both form and meaning of donor language), loan blend (recipient
language borrows some parts of form from donor language and replaces part of it
by a native item), loan translation (reproduce the borrowing words by means of
recipient language). The result shows that the most dominant type of borrowed
words are loanwords with 282 data were found and the lowest is substitution or loan
translation with 11 data.
The Effect of Loanwords on Indonesian
A study about effects of loanwords on Indonesian had been conducted by
Cholsy, Wijaya, Nadar, & Udasmoro (2014). This study explained that French
loanwords could influence Indonesian because Indonesian has language contact
with French language. This study aims to examine whether French loanwords are
8

considered as an interference to Indonesian language or have integrated with
Indonesian.
This study used Femina Magazines 2012 edition as the source of data. The
French loanwords which are considered as interference to Indonesian are the
loanwords that has not been adjusted both the phonological feature and
pronunciation. Then the French loanwords that has been adjusted to Indonesian are
considered as integration. The results show that approximately 87% of the French
loanwords are interference loanwords.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Type of research
This research uses descriptive qualitative study. Qualitative research
method is a research approach that produces the data description of words spoken
or written (Suyanto, 2007). According to Aggarwal (2008) descriptive study aimed
to gather information about the condition or situation that applies for the purpose
of description and interpretation. This study uses descriptive qualitative study
because this study will analyze words not numbers, document some sources of data,
interpret, examine, and analyze the data.
Context of Study
The research focuses on Western loanwords in articles of sports section in
Suara Merdeka newspaper named Spirit. The data was taken in the period of

9

January 2015. The writer found and analyzed the types of Western loanwords based
on Jendra’s theory.
Data and Source of Data
The data source was taken from articles in the sport section in Suara
Merdeka newspaper. The writer chose articles from Suara Merdeka because sport
section in this daily newspaper cover many kinds of sports news not just one
particular sport. Then, Suara Merdeka is one of the most popular newspapers in
Indonesia especially in central Java. The section was chosen because first sport is
interesting issue in Indonesia especially in this year because reported many sports
events such as transfers of football players, Asian cup 2015, NBA, and Moto GP.
Second because there were Indonesian sport terms as Western loanwords. The data
was taken in the period of January 2015 because it was the time when there were a
lot of news or issues about sports like football players transfer or American
basketball league and tennis.
Data Collection and Analysis
In this research, there were three steps of data collection. The first was
finding and marking the Western loanwords in the articles. To decide the Western
loanwords in the articles, the researcher used Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia
(Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan
Kebudayaan, 2008, 4th ed.), Oxford Advanced English Learner’s Dictionary
(Hornby, 2010 8th ed.) and Kamus Kata Serapan (Badudu, 2009). The second was
classifying the English loanwords based on Jendra’s (2010) typology. To find the

10

equivalent words for the unnecessary loanwords the researcher used Kamus
Sinonim Indonesia (Yulianti, 2014). After these steps, the loanwords were
calculated and analyzed.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Western Loanwords in the Spirit Section of Suara Merdeka
After reading and checking the articles in Spirit section of Suara Merdeka
newspaper from 2nd to 31st January 2015, the writer found 552 Western
loanwords from the total of 5,146 words in the articles. So the percentage of
Western loanwords used in the articles is 10,73%.
Types of Western Loanwords
According to Jendra (2010) Western loanwords in Indonesian are divided
into two types: necessary loanwords and unnecessary loanwords. The following are
the findings of Western loanwords based on their types.
Necessary loanwords
In Spirit section of Suara Merdeka newspaper from 2nd to 31st january 2015 which
consisted of approximately 600 articles, the researcher found 552 Western
loanwords and 459 of those belong to necessary loanwords. Examples Western
loanwords of this category are as follows:

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1. “Serena Williams melepaskan servis ke arah Lucie Safarova pada
pertandingan piala Hopmen di Perth, semalam.”
2. “Mereka unggul penguasaan bola dengan persentase 52 banding 42.”
3. “Los Rojiblancos unggul agregat 6-1.“
4. “Program Satlak Prima harus berkesinambungan dan modern.”
5. “Meningkatkan kekuatan anaerobik dan kelincahan.”
The words servis, persentase, agregat, modern, and anaerobik in above
sentences are adopted from foreign language because there is no full synonym
in Indonesian. Therefore those words are considered as necessary loanwords.

Unnecessary loanwords
The finding shows that 93 out of the total 552 Western loanwords belong to
unnecessary loanwords. These Western loanwords belong to this group because
there are full synonyms in Indonesian that could replace and express the meaning
of those words. For examples:
1. “Klub harus punya neraca keuangan bagus jika ingin melakukan aktivitas
transfer.” The word aktivitas which is borrowed from English word
‘activity’ actually have full synonym in Indonesian which is ‘kegiatan’. In
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) (Pusat Pembinaan dan
Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2008).
the definition of the word aktivitas refer to the word kegiatan, and vice
versa. So this proves that these words have identical meaning.

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2. “Ronaldo menjadi rival Messi untuk memperebutkan pemain terbaik
Eropa." The word rival which is borrowed from English word ‘rival’
actually have full synonym in Indonesian which is ‘saingan’
3.

“Berkat penempatan kok yang akurat.” The word akurat which is
borrowed from Latin word ‘accurate’ actually have full synonym in
Indonesian which is ‘tepat’

4. “Reynanda sukses menaklukkan lawannya.” The word sukses which is
borrowed from English word ‘success’ actually have full synonym in
Indonesian which is ‘berhasil’
The three examples above i.e. rival-saingan, akurat-tepat, and sukses-berhasil
have similar explanation. In KBBI these words share identical meaning. First
saingan and rival have identical meaning such as pesaing. Akurat and tepat
have identical meaning tepat benar. Sukses and berhasil have identical meaning
mendapat hasil.

5. “Turnamen ini diikuti oleh beberapa klub nasional.” The word turnamen
which is borrowed from English word ‘tournament’ actually have full
synonym in Indonesian which is ‘kejuaraan’. Kejuaraan is the full
synonym of turnamen because this word has identical meaning which is a
series of contests between a number of competitors, competing for an
overall prize.

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Discussion of the Findings
From the findings of the Western loanwords found in the articles of section
of Suara Merdeka Spirit from January 2nd to 31st, 2015. It is revealed that many
words and terms in Suara Merdeka newspaper especially in Sport section were
borrowed from foreign languages in this case is Western languages such as English,
Latin , Italy, France, and Dutch. This shows that the Western languages greatly
affect the development of Indonesian language. This is because since long time ago,
Indonesian language has been in contact with Western language. For example,
when Indonesia was colonized by the Portuguese, English, and Dutch whose
language was already known and used by people of Indonesia since the colonial era
(Samsuri, 1994).
According to Wardhaugh (2006), language contact could lead to the
development of a language. Therefore, due to frequent contact with Western
language, it is no wonder if there are many Western words which are adapted to
Indonesian. Besides that Tadmor (as cited in Matras, 2007) stated that in order to
develop Indonesian language, it tried to borrow words from foreign languages such
as the languages of southern China, Arab, Persian, Portuguese, Dutch, English and
local languages. In addition, it also shows that English as one of the Western
languages has a great influence to many languages in the world including
Indonesian (Crystal, 1997).

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In "Formulation of the National Seminar on Political Language" on 25-28
February 1975, it was confirmed that Indonesian language has 4 main functions.
There are (1) the symbol of national pride, (2) the symbol of national identity, (3) a
means of unifying society of different socio-cultural background and language, and
(4) connection tool between cultures and regions (Muslich, 2010). The first and
second point of the function of Indonesian language shows that Indonesian
language is the national pride and identity. As national pride and identity, then
Indonesian language must be maintained and preserved. Yet the finding show that
there are 93 unnecessary loanwords in the articles which are a relatively big number.
So it also in line with previous study from Retnantiti (2014) that described about
mass media that often used foreign language. Besides that, in another mass media
such as magazines, Indonesian magazine also often used foreign language (Sitepu,
2012). It proved that mass media still often uses unnecessary loanwords and the use
of unnecessary loanwords by the mass media in Indonesia can also reduce the
function of Indonesian as national identity and pride.
Mass media in Indonesia that serves as a means of delivering information
to all the Indonesian people should use Indonesian correctly and prioritize the use
of Indonesian because otherwise the society will also be following the trend of
using loanwords than Indonesian words.

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CONCLUSION
Generally, this study aims to find Western loanwords used in articles of
Spirit section in Suara Merdeka newspaper. Besides that this study also aims to find
the types of loanwords used in the articles. To find out about Western loanwords
used in the articles, the writer used Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (2008, 4th ed.)
and Kamus Kata Serapan (Badudu, 2009) as references. Theory of types of
loanwords from Jendra (2010) were used to classify the Western loanwords based
on the necessities of the loanwords. Data were collected from articles in Spirit
section Suara Merdeka 2nd January to 31st January 2015.
The findings show that there are 552 Western loanwords found in the
articles. There are 459 of necessary loanwords and 93 unnecessary loanwords.
Necessary loanwords is the type of loanwords that mostly used. This shows that
Indonesian language has been significantly affected by Western language and has
language contact with Western language related with Indonesia's history. However,
there are also many unnecessary loanwords that are used in the articles. This means
that Suara Merdeka newspaper also used unnecessary loanwords and it could affect
Indonesian language function as national pride and identity.
Globalization era indeed can damage our identity if we are not careful.
Robbins (1997) said that tremendous changes brought by globalization can make
us may not be able to recognize our identity. However, there are ways to filter the
influences of foreign language and still preserve our Indonesian language as our
national identity and pride. First is the role of government, government also should

16

pay attention to the language used by mass media in Indonesia because mass media
actually play a big role in this issue. For example Indonesian Broadcasting
Commission or KPI (Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia) as an organization that could
control mass media in Indonesia, it should really concern about the Indonesian
language usage in mass media. Then Indonesian people also should contribute
themselves. The easiest way of course to use Indonesian language correctly and
accurately and also feels proud to use it.
The findings of this research cannot be generalized because this study is a
descriptive qualitative research and just focuses on Spirit section of Suara Merdeka
newspaper in the period of January 2015. In addition, because there are many
Western loanwords used in articles of newspaper, for further research the researcher
suggests that other mass media such as tabloid, magazine, or even online portal
news could be explored about the used of Western loanwords in that mass media.

17

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
My deepest gratitude would go to my lord, Jesus Christ who guided me
throughout the years of my life. Especially only by His Grace, I could finish this
research.
The first person I grant my sincere gratitude is my supervisor, Ibu Elisabet
Titik, M. TransStud., PhD who guide and encourage me to complete this research
and I remember clearly every suggestion she showed to excel my work. Next
person, my sincere gratitude also goes to Ibu Maria Christina Eko S. M. Hum as
my examiner, for the valuable guidance extended to me. She kindly advised several
meaningful revision to make this thesis complete.
My gratitude would go also to my Mother, Father , and Dik Ani for the
unceasing encouragement, support and attention. Their perfect attention have been
enough to always make me have spirit to finish this thesis. Let me grant my thanks
to my whole big family who always support me to finish this study.
I would not forget to say my gratitude to my dear fellows, Evan, Elim, Dias,
Dimas, and all Eleveners who supported me throughout these years of journey to
accomplish my undergraduate degree, I thank to you all for the time of togetherness
you share to me.

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Suyanto, B. (2007). Metode Penelitian Sosial: Berbagai Alternatif Pendekatan.
Jakarta: Kencana Perdana Media.
Wardhaugh, R. (2006). An Introduction to Sociolinguistic (5th ed.). UK :
Blackwell
Yulianti, P. (2014). Kamus Lengkap Sinonim Antonim Indonesia. Tangerang:
Lembar Pustaka Indonesia.

20

APPENDIX A

List of Necessary Loanwords
20 Akun

40 Bank

1 Abnormal

21 Album

41 Biodata

2 Absen

22 Alias

42 Blunder

3 Absolut

23 Alternatif

43 Bonus

4 Adaptasi

24 Ambisi

44 Data

5 Administrasi

25 Amunisi

45 Dedikasi

6 Agenda

26 Anaerobik

46 Defensif

7 Agensi

27 Analis

47 Degradasi

8 Agregat

28 Animo

48 Dekade

9 Agresif

29 Antitesis

49 Demokratis

10 Agresivitas

30 Antusiasme

50 Desentralisasi

11 Akademi

31 Anulir

51 Detail

12 Akademisi

32 Apresiasi

52 Determinasi

13 Aklamasi

33 Arena

53 Difabel

14 Akomodasi

34 Arsitek

54 Diplomatik

15 Akreditasi

35 Aspek

55 Direktorat

16 Akses

36 Atlet

56 Direktur

17 Aksi

37 Atletik

57 Dirigen

18 Aktif

38 Atraksi

58 Disiplin

19 Akuisisi

39 Band

No Western Loanwords

21

59 Diskualifikasi

85 Fakultas

111 Genetik

60 Dislokasi

86 Fanatik

112 Geografis

61 Dispensasi

87 Fanatisme

113 Gol

62 Divisi

88 Fantastik

114 Golf

63 Dokter

89 Fantastis

115 Grafik

64 Dokumen

90 Fase

116 Grafis

65 Dokumenter

91 Fasilitas

117 Harmonisasi

66 Domestik

92 Fatal

118 Heroik

67 Dominasi

93 Federasi

119 Horor

68 Drum

94 Film

120 Hotel

69 Dualisme

95 Final

121 Ideal

70 Duel

96 Finalis

122 Identifikasi

71 Duet

97 Finis

123 Identitas

72 Edisi

98 Fisik

124 Ikon

73 Eksekusi

99 Fleksibel

125 Ilegal

74 Eksekutif

100 Fokus

126 Imigrasi

75 Eksekutor

101 Formal

127 Improvisasi

76 Ekshibisi

102 Formasi

128 Indikasi

77 Eksis

103 Format

129 Individu

78 Ekstra

104 Formula

130 Industri

79 Elegan

105 Formulasi

131 Inferior

80 Eliminasi

106 Formulir

132 Informal

81 Emosional

107 Forum

133 Informasi

82 Era

108 Friksi

134 Infrastruktur

83 Fakta

109 Frustasi

135 Inisiatif

84 Faktor

110 Generasi

136 Inovasi

22

137 Insiden

163 Kanvas

189 Komentar

138 Inspirasi

164 Kapabilitas

190 Komersial

139 Institusi

165 Kapasitas

191 Komisi

140 Integritas

166 Kapitalisme

192 Komite

141 Intelektual

167 Kapitalistik

193 Komitmen

142 Inteligen

168 Kapten

194 Kompetitif

143 Intens

169 Karakter

195 Komplain

144 Intensif

170 Karakteristik

196 Kompleks

145 Intensitas

171 Karier

197 Komplet

146 Internal

172 Karismatis

198 Komponen

147 Intervensi

173 Karteker

199 Komposisi

148 Introspeksi

174 Kasual

200 Komunikasi

149 Invasi

175 Kategori

201 Komunitas

150 Inventarisasi

176 Kelas

202 Kondisi

151 Investasi

177 Klarifikasi

203 Kondusif

152 Investigasi

178 Klasik

204 Koneksi

153 Investor

179 Klausul

205 Konfederasi

154 Ironis

180 Klien

206 Konferensi

155 Isu

181 Klub

207 Konfirmasi

156 Item

182 Kolegial

208 Konflik

157 Jurnalis

183 Koleksi

209 Kongres

158 Kader

184 Kolektif

210 Konsekuensi

159 Kalender

185 Kolom

211 Konsentrasi

160 Kaliber

186 Kolumnis

212 Konsep

161 Kamera

187 Kolusi

213 Konsisten

162 Kampanye

188 Kombinasi

214 Konsistensi

23

215 Konsolidasi

241 Label

267 Minim

216 Konstruktor

242 Legalitas

268 Minor

217 Konsultasi

243 Legenda

269 Minus

218 Kontingen

244 Legislatif

270 Misi

219 Kontra

245 Legiun

271 Model

220 Kontrak

246 Lifter

272 Modern

221 Kontribusi

247 Liga ing

273 Momen

222 Kontrol

248 Lisensi

274 Momentum

223 Kontroversial

249 Logo

275 Mosi

224 Konversi

250 Lokal

276 Motivasi

225 Koordinasi

251 Maestro

277 Motor

226 Koordinator

252 Mafia

278 Musik

227 Kopi

253 Maksimal

279 Mutasi

228 Korupsi

254 Manajemen

280 Nasional

229 Kostum

255 Manajer

281 Natural

230 Kreasi

256 Mandat

282 Naturalisasi

231 Kreatif

257 Manuver

283 Negatif

232 Kredit

258 Maskot

284 Negosiasi

233 Krisis

259 Materi

285 Nepotisme

234 Kritik

260 Mayor

286 Nominal

235 Krusial

261 Medali

287 Nominasi

236 Kualifikasi

262 Media

288 Non

237 Kualitas

263 Mekanisme

289 Normal

238 Kuarter

264 Mental

290 Normalisasi

239 Kuliner

265 Mentalitas

291 Objektif

240 Kuota

266 Migrasi

292 Obsesi

24

293 Ofensif

319 Poin

345 Promotor

294 Ofisial

320 Polemik

346 Protes

295 Olimpik

321 Politik

347 Provinsi

296 Online

322 Popularitas

348 Provokasi

297 Operator

323 Populasi

349 Provokatif

298 Optimis

324 Populer

350 Proyeksi

299 Optimisme

325 Pos

351 Psikologis

300 Optimistis

326 Posisi

352 Publik

301 Orbit

327 Positif

353 Radikal

302 Organisasi

328 Postur

354 Radio

303 Orientasi

329 Potensi

355 Reaksi

304 Otomatis

330 Potensial

356 Realisasi

305 Otomotif

331 Praktisi

357 Realistis

306 Otoritas

332 Prerogatif

358 Reduksi

307 Paten

333 Presentasi

359 Refleks

308 Penalti

334 Presiden

360 Refleksi

309 Periodik

335 Prioritas

361 Reguler

310 Permanen

336 Privasi

362 Rehabilitasi

311 Pers

337 Produk

363 Reinkarnasi

312 Persen

338 Produktif

364 Rekor

313 Persentase

339 Produktivitas

365 Rekreasi

314 Persepsi

340 Produser

366 Rekrut

315 Pesimistis

341 Profesi

367 Reliabel

316 Pilot

342 Profesionalisme

368 Reliabilitas

317 Pleno

343 Program

369 Reposisi

318 Plot

344 Promosi

370 Representatif

25

371 Republik

397 Sertifikasi

423 Statuta

372 Reputasi

398 Servis

424 Strategi

373 Resepsi

399 Sesi

425 Striker

374 Respon

400 Set

426 Subsidi

375 Reuni

401 Simbol

427 Suksesor

376 Revisi

402 Simulasi

428 Super

377 Revolusi

403 Sinergi

429 Supermodel

378 Ring

404 Sinkronisasi

430 Tabel

379 Ritme

405 Sinyal

431 Taktik

380 Rotasi

406 Skala

432 Talenta

381 Rumor

407 Skema

433 Target

382 Rutin

408 Skuat

434 Televisi

383 Salto

409 Slot

435 Tensi

384 Sanksi

410 Solid

436 Teror

385 Sekretariat

411 Soliditas

437 Tiket

386 Seksi

412 Solusi

438 Tim

387 Sektor

413 Spekulasi

439 Tipe

388 Selebrasi

414 Spesifikasi

440 Titel

389 Seleksi

415 Spontan

441 Toleransi

390 Semifinal

416 Sportif

442 Tragedi

391 Seminar

417 Stabil

443 Transaksi

392 Senior

418 Stabilitas

444 Transisi

393 Sensasi

419 Stadion

445 Transportasi

394 Sensitif

420 Stamina

446 Tren

395 Sentimen

421 Statistik

447 Tribun

396 Sentral

422 Status

448 Unik

26

449 Universitas
450 Urine
451 Vaksin
452 Variasi
453 Verifikasi
454 Versi
455 Veteran
456 Virus
457 Visi
458 Vital
459 Voli

27

APPENDIX B
List of Unnecessary Loanwords
No Western Loanwords

Full Synonym in Indonesian

1 Aktivitas

kegiatan

2 Aktor

pemain film

3 Akurat

pas, tepat

4 Amatir

pemula

5 Analisis

kajian.penyelidikan

6 Anonim

tanpa nama, tanpa identitas

7 Antisipasi

pencegahan

8 Antusias

bersemangat, bergairah

9 Atraktif

memikat, memukau

10 Audiensi

penonton

11 Awards

penghargaan

12 Basis

dasar

13 Basket

bola keranjang

14 Bisnis

usaha dagang, bidang usaha

15 Blok

hadangan

16 Boling

bola gelinding

17 Bos

atasan, kepala, pimpinan

18 Brilian

cemerlang

19 Debut

penampilan perdana

20 Definitif

pasti, tentu

21 Defisit

kekurangan, kerugian

22 Dinner

makan malam

23 Diskriminatif

membeda-bedakan

28

24 Distribusi

pembagian, pengedaran

25 Donasi

bantuan dana

26 Drop

anjlok, merosot

27 Efek

dampak, akibat

28 Efisien

berdaya guna

29 Eksistensi

keberadaan

30 Eksperimen

uji coba

31 Elite

golongan atas

32 Entertainment

hiburan

33 Favorit

kesayangan, kesukaan

34 Finansial

keuangan

35 Fit

bugar

36 Forsir

paksa

37 Hit

terkenal

38 Identik

serupa

39 Implementasi

penerapan

40 Kandidat

calon

41 Klasifikasi

pengelompokan

42 Kode

isyarat

43 Kompeten

berpengalaman

44 Kompetisi

kejuaraan perlombaan

45 Kontes

perlombaan

46 Kontestan

peserta lomba

47 Kontinu

berkelanjutan

48 Kontraktor

pemborong

49 Kreativitas

daya cipta

29

50 Kultur

budaya

51 Level

tingkatan

52 Marjin

batas

53 Mayoritas

sebagian besar

54 Mobilitas

pergerakan

55 Opsi

pilihan

56 Organizer

pengelola

57 Partisipasi

keikutsertaan

58 Partner

rekan

59 Performa

penampilan

60 Performer

penampil

61 Periode

kurun, rentang waktu

62 Pose

gaya, sikap

63 Prediksi

dugaan

64 Premier

perdana

65 Presenter

pembawa acara

66 Primer

pokok, utama

67 Problem

masalah

68 Proteksi

perlindungan

69 Ranking

urutan

70 Regulasi

aturan

71 Rekomendasi

saran

72 Renovasi

pembaharuan, peremajaan

73 Rileks

tenang, santai

74 Risiko

akibat

75 Rival

saingan, lawan

30

76 Rivalitas

persaingan

77 Ronde

babak

78 Signifikan

berarti

79 Simpel

sederhana

80 Stok

persediaan

81 Sukses

berhasil

82 Supervisi

pengawasan

83 Suporter

pendukung

84 Tato

rajah

85 Tes

Ujian

86 Top

tingkat atas, unggulan

87 Total

Jumlah

88 Transfer

pemindahan, pembelian

89 Trofi

piala, penghargaan

90 Turnamen

kejuaraan

91 Unit

bagian

92 Versus

melawan

93 Vonis

hukuman

31