THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO GALILEI AGAINST THE CHURCH’S DOMINATION IN BERTOLT BRECHT’S THE LIFE OF GALILEO Repository - UNAIR REPOSITORY

SKRIPSI THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO ... GONDO HANDIANTO

THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO GALILEI AGAINST THE CHURCH’S DOMINATION IN BERTOLT BRECHT’S

THE LIFE OF GALILEO A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Humanities

Universitas Airlangga Surabaya

By: Gondo Handianto 121112022 English Department Faculty of Humanities Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 2016 ii

SKRIPSI THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO ... GONDO HANDIANTO

iv This Thesis is dedicated for those who believe in themselves, that they able to change the world.

SKRIPSI THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO ... GONDO HANDIANTO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to Allah SWT for always giving me patience, faith, spirit, and energy to finish my work. The very first people I would like to thank are my parents, Bambang Supriyono, and Suwani. Thank you for giving me understanding and support during the making of my thesis. My gratitude is also for my sibling, Galih Hari Santoso.

My deepest gratitude is for Rina Saraswati, M. Hum. and Dra. Christinawati, M. Si. who helped me a lot of times from the thesis evaluation, kindly being my thesis advisor, and guiding me in every aspect of my thesis. I am so grateful for this opportunity because they inspired me in working on my thesis. I would like to thank them for the time and lesson that they gave me.

My deepest and unlimited gratitude to my best Comrade and Business friends: Fatkhulloh Mujjadid, S.St., Achmad Irsan Farohi, S.St. Soffil Yudha Mulyadi, Sst.Ft., Mirza Iqbal Birahmatika, S.St., Okki Ari Skripsiawan, Amd., Dwi Mega Ariyanto, S.Hum., Aditya Nugroho,. S.Hum., without them the making of my thesis would be tiresome. I will not forget the support and help that they gave me not only as a motivator, but also as a good friend of mine.

I also would like to express my appreciation to my friends who have become part of my life: Sethio Bagus Wibowo, Bayu Prakasa, Hazmi Putra Kharisma Nugraha, Rizky Yudha Prasetyo, M. Rizky Fadilah, Yusuf Arief Witoko, Sarah Safira Ramadhani, Dani Setyo Priangga, Icko Divino Reshananda, Hanggono Wibilaksono,

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SKRIPSI THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO ... GONDO HANDIANTO Faiz Naufal, Ikhlasul Amal, M. Herza Trico Medino, Chalimatus Bai’q, Dika Febrian

Kawengian, Oky Urtya, Maharani Kartikarahmi and so forth, They are great gifts that I ever have in my life. Thank you to all my friends in English Department and Faculty of Humanities who have supported me. I hope all the best for their future too.

Surabaya, January 7 2016

The writer viii

SKRIPSI THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO ... GONDO HANDIANTO ix Remember the moment you left me alone and Broke every promise you ever made

I was an ocean, lost in the open Nothing could take the pain away The sticks and the stones that You used to throw have

Built me an empire So don't even try To cry me a river Cause I forgive you

You are the reason I still fight So you can throw me to the wolves Tomorrow I will come back Leader of the whole pack

Beat me black and blue Every wound will shape me Every scar will build my throne

“Throne”, by Bring Me The Horizon

SKRIPSI THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO ... GONDO HANDIANTO

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Inside Cover Page .......................................................................................................... i Inside Title Page ............................................................................................................ ii Declaration Page .......................................................................................................... iii Dedication Page ........................................................................................................... iv Advisor Page ................................................................................................................. v

Board of Examiner’s Approval Page ........................................................................... vi

Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... vii Epigraph ...................................................................................................................... ix Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... x List of Figures ............................................................................................................. xii Abstract ...................................................................................................................... xiii

Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................. 1

1.1. Background of the Study ........................................................................................ 1

1.2. Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................... 10

1.3. Objective of the Study .......................................................................................... 10

1.4. Significance of the Study ..................................................................................... 10

1.5. Scope and Limitation ........................................................................................... 11

1.6. Theoretical Background ....................................................................................... 11

1.7. Method of the Study ............................................................................................. 12

SKRIPSI THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO ... GONDO HANDIANTO

3.1. Galileo ’s Science .................................................................................................. 30

3.3.2. The Art as a Movement ......................................................................... 58

3.3.1. The Scientific Ideology as a Counter to the Domination ...................... 51

3.3. Galileo Galilei ’s Resistances ............................................................................... 46

3.2.3. The Ideology of the Church .................................................................. 45

3.2.2. The Repressive System Operated by The Church ’s Apparatus ........... 44

3.2.1. The Ideological System Operated by The Church ’s Apparatus ............ 36

3.2. The Church’s Domination in The Life of Galileo ................................................ 35

Chapter 3: Analysis ................................................................................................... 30

1.8. Definition of Key Terms ...................................................................................... 14

2.2. Review of Related Studies ................................................................................... 27

2.1.4. The Counter-Ideology ........................................................................... 24

2.1.3. The Ideology ......................................................................................... 23

2.1.2. Repressive State Apparatus (RSA) and Ideological State Apparatus (ISA) ................................................................................................................ 19

2.1.1. Marxist Criticism .................................................................................. 15

2.1. Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................ 15

Chapter 2: Literature Review .................................................................................. 15

Chapter 4: Conclusion .............................................................................................. 61 Work Cited .................................................................................................................. 63 Synopsis ...................................................................................................................... 68

SKRIPSI THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO ... GONDO HANDIANTO

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: The ISA and RSA in The Life of Galileo .................................................... 53 Figure 2: Science Between Church and Galileo in The Life of Galileo ...................... 54 Figure 3: The Workflow of Education ISA by Church in The Life of Galileo ........... 56

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SKRIPSI THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO ... GONDO HANDIANTO

ABSTRACT

Handianto, Gondo. The Resistance of Galileo Galilei Against

The Church’s Domination in Bertolt Brecht’s The Life of Galileo. Undergraduate Thesis, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya.

The Society is divided into two classes, bourgeoisie (oppressor) and proletariat (oppressed) based on Marxism. The conflicts that are occurred between these two classes are determined by social justice and wealth. This kind of phenomenon is well portrayed in the drama called The Life of Galileo. This drama provides the representation of the

Church’s domination into all aspect of society including science. T his study attempts to reveal Galileo’s resistance against Church’s domination represented within the drama. This study also aims to criticize the authoritarianism practice in the society which is represented by the dominant ideology that gives negative impact to the society. Moreover, this study also intends to reveal

Galileo’s resistance which is represented through science and art against

. The writer used Karl Marx

Church’s domination ’s theory and Louis Althusser’s theory with the approach to the ISA and RSA through a process called ‘interpellation’ which divided society into bourgeoisie and proletariat. In the end, it is found that

Galileo’s resistance in Bertolt Brecht’s The Life of Galileo is the impact of the Church

’s domination, the perpetual friction between scientific ideology, and also the Dogma which prevent Galileo from spreading the truth.

Keywords: Ideology, Interpellation, ISA, RSA, Science.

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SKRIPSI THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO ... GONDO HANDIANTO

THE RESISTANCE OF GALILEO GALILEI AGAINST THE CHURCH’S DOMINATION IN BERTOLT BRECHT’S THE LIFE OF GALILEO Repository - UNAIR REPOSITORY