The two main characters` searching for self-identity as reflected in llewellyn`s if i were you - USD Repository
THE TWO MAIN CHARACTERS’ SEARCHING
FOR SELF-IDENTITY AS REFLECTED
IN LLEWELLYN’S IF I WERE YOU
A THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English language Education
By Vensiana Parnika
Student Number: 041214133
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
THE TWO MAIN CHARACTERS’ SEARCHING
FOR SELF-IDENTITY AS REFLECTED
IN LLEWELLYN’S IF I WERE YOU
A THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English language Education
By Vensiana Parnika
Student Number: 041214133
ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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PAGE OF DEDICATION
Live in this world in full awareness of the oneness of existence,
giving and enjoying, experiencing sorrows and joys, but never
unaware even for a moment that this existence comes from the Almighty and returns to HimThat experiences of transcendence come from prayer, poetry,
happiness, sorrow, courage, and love.
They offer answers to what our lives are about
If you ask, ask the Almighty
If you depend on someone – depend on the Almighty Whoever follows a path of seeking knowledge. The Almighty will make his path to Paradise easy The final conclusion of all research :
The universe did not just happen; There is a purpose behind it (AUTHOR UNKNOWN )
Dedicated with love and gratitude to:
My beloved parents, my gorgeous brother, and
unbelievable friends whom I miss much
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………. i
PAGES OF APPROVAL
………………………………..…………………..... ii
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY
…………………………….... iii
PAGE OF DEDICATION
………………………………………………….… iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
………………………………………………….….. v
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………….…... vi ABSTRAK … ………………………………………………………………….... ix LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA
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ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS …………………………. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
……………………………………………….….. xii xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………... A. Background of the Study ……………………………………………….……
1 B. Objective of the Study …………………………………………….…………
1 C. Problem Formulation ……………………………………………….………..
5 D. Benefits of the Study ……………………………………………...…………
5 E. Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………….…
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6 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW …………………………….…….
A. Review of Related Theories ……………………………………….………...
10 1. Theory of Character and Characterization ……………………….…………..
10 B. Critical Approaches …………………………………………….……………
10 1. 1. Psychoanalytic Theory ………………………………………………………
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2. Psychodynamic Theories ……………………………………………………
16 3. Phenomenological Theory …………………………………………………..
19 4. Theory of Friendship ………..……………………………………………….
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5. Theory of the Relationship between Psychology and Literature ………...…
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C. Theoretical Framework …………………………………………….………..
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D. Criticism ……………………………………………………….…………….
2. Natasha’s Characters ………………………...………………………….….
E. Context of the Novel ……………………………………….………………...
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY …………………...…….……………….. A. Object of the Study ……………………………………….…………………. B. Approaches of the Study………………………………….…………………. C. Procedure ……………………………………………….…………………… CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS ……………………………….………………….. A. Sophie and Natasha’s Characteristics in If I were You
…….………..…
1. Sophie’s Characters ……………………………………...…………..….….
a. A dreamer ……………………………………………………………….……
b. Ambitious …………………………………………………………………… c. Attentive ……………………………………………………….……………..
d. Compassionate …………………………………………….………………… e. Attractive ……………………………………………….....………………….
f. Talkative ……………………………………….……………………………..
a. Independent ………………………………….……………………………….
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b. Attentive ………………………………….…………………………………..
c. Workaholic …………………………………………………………….……..
d. Lonely ………………......................................................................................
e. Introvert ……………………………………………….……………………...
f. Dishonest …………………………………………………………………….
B. Factors that Influence Sophie and Natasha’s Decisions to Search for Their Self-Identity ……………………………………………...……………...
1. Internal Factors that Influence Sophie and Natasha’s Searching for
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Their Self-Identity ………………………………….………………………….
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a. Sophie and Natasha’s Thoughts ………………………….…………………..
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
b. Sophie and Natasha’s Motivation ………………….………………………...
c. Sophie and Natasha’s Desires …………………….………………………….
d. Sophie and Natasha’s Feelings ……………………….……………………...
2. External Factors that Influence Sophie and Natasha’s Searching for Their Self-Identity …………………………………………………....……….
a. The Environment around Sophie and Natasha ……………………………… b. Sophie and Natasha’s Family and Friends’ Roles ……………….…………..
c. Problems Faced by Sophie and Natasha ………………………….………….
……………………………….……………………… A. Conclusion ………………………………………….....……………………..
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B. Suggestion for Teaching Implementation ………………………….………..
C. Recommendation of If I were You for Further Researchers …………….…..
REFERENCES …………………………………………………….………. APPENDICES …………………………………………………….…………...
APPENDIX I. Summary of the Novel ………………………………………… APPENDIX 2. The Biography of Julia Llewellyn ………………....………….. APPENDIX 3. Lesson Plan for Extensive Reading I ……………….…………. APPENDIX 4. Lesson Plan for Speaking IV ……………………….………….. APPENDIX 5. The Material for Extensive Reading I ………….…………….... APPENDIX 6. The Material for Speaking IV ………………….……………… APPENDIX 7. The Steps to teach Extensive Reading I and Speaking IV……...
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ABSTRACT
Parnika, Vensiana. (2008). The Two Main Characters’ Searching for Self-Identity as reflected in Llewellyn’s If I were You.
Yogyakarta: English Education Study Program, Faculty of Teaching Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University
This study discusses the two main characters, Sophie and Natasha, in their self-identity searching in which their decisions are influenced by some factors around them as seen in Juali Lewellyn’s If I were You. The novel deals with friendship as the topic of the novel and takes London and its society in the modern era as the settings. It tells us about Sophie and Natasha’s life experience during their friendship from the very first time they met when they were only eleven until they were adults and their experiences in their relationship with others within their society and environment. Therefore the story is very close to the human’s life experiences since it may also be experienced by people in the real life.
The objective of this study is to analyze the two main characters’ significant attitudes towards their friendship and their relationship with others within the society. There are two problems discussed in this study. The first is the description of Sophie and Natasha’s characters. And the second is the factors that influence Sophie and Natasha’s decision in searching for their self-identity.
There are two kinds of source used in this study namely, the primary data, which was the novel itself, and other supporting sources taken from books, journals, and articles from the Internet.
The theories used in this study are the theory of character and characterization, psychoanalytic theory, psychodynamic theory, phenomenological theory, and theory of friendship. This study also employs the psychological approach to analyze the two main characters’ self-identity influenced by some factors.
The conclusion taken from the analysis shows that Sophie’s characters are ambitious, dreamer, attentive, compassionate, attractive person, and talkative. Then Natasha is described as an independent, attentive, workaholic, lonely, introvert and dishonest person. And the factors influence Sophie and Natasha’s decision in finding their self-identity are their thoughts, motivations, desires, and feelings, which are classified as the internal factors, then the environment including the society, the family and friends’ roles, and the faced conflicts or problems which are categorized as the external factors.
It is recommended that the future researchers discuss how Sophie and Natasha took and carried the decision for their self-identity related to the internal and external factors. And for English teachers, it is suggested that they use the novel as the materials to teach Extensive Reading I and Speaking IV.
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ABSTRAK
Parnika, Vensiana. (2008). The Two Main Characters’ Searching for Self-Identity as reflected in Llewellyn’s If I were You.
Yogyakarta: Program Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta. Seperti yang tertera dalam judul, jelas bahwa studi ini membahas kedua tokoh utama, Sophie dan Natasha, dalam pencarian jati diri mereka dimana keputusan mereka dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor di sekitar mereka. Novel ini mengangkat persahabatan sebagai topik novel ini dan mengambil London dan masyarakatnya pada jaman modern sebagai setingnya. Novel ini menceritakan pengalaman hidup Sophie dan Natasha selama persahabatan mereka dari pertama kali bertemu ketika mereka masih sebelas tahun sampai dewasa dan juga pengalaman-pengalaman mereka dalam hubungan mereka dengan orang lain dalam masyarakat dan lingkungan. Maka dari itu cerita ini behubungan erat dengan pengalaman hidup manusia karena dapat juga dialami oleh orang-orang dalam kehidupan nyata.
Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengamati tingkah laku-tingkah laku yang berarti dari kedua tokoh utama terhadap persahabatan dan hubungan mereka dengan masyarakat. Ada dua masalah yang dibahas dalam studi ini. Yang pertama adalah karakter Sophie dan Natasha. Dan yang kedua adalah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan Sophie dan Natasha dalam mencari jati diri mereka.
Ada dua jenis sumber yang dipakai yaitu data utama yang adalah novel itu sendiri, dan sumber-sumber pendukung yang diambil dari beberapa buku, jurnal, dan artikel dari internet.
Teori yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah teori karakter dan penokohan, teori psychoanalytic, teori psychodynamic, teori phenomenologi, dan teori persahabatan. Studi ini juga menggunakan pendekatan psikologi untuk manganalisa jati diri kedua tokoh utama yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor disekitar mereka.
Kesimpulan menyatakan bahwa karakter Sophie adalah ambisius, pemimpi, perhatian, penuh belas kasih, orang yang menarik, dan suka berbicara. Dan Natasha adalah orang yang mandiri, perhatian, workaholik, kesepian, tertutup, dan tidak jujur. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan Sophie dan Natasha dalam mencari jati diri adalah pikiran-pikiran, motivasi-motivasi, impian-impian, dan perasan mereka yang digolongkan sebagai faktor-faktor internal, dan lingkungan termasuk masyarakat, peran keluarga dan teman-teman, dan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi yang digolongkan sebagai faktor-faktor eksternal.
Disarankan agar para peneliti selanjutnya meneliti tentang bagaimana Sophie dan Natasha memutuskan dan mejalankan keputusan jati diri mereka sehubungan dengan faktor-faktor internal and eksternal. Dan untuk para guru bahasa Inggris disarankan bahwa mereka dapat memakai novel ini sebagai bahan materi untuk mengajar Extensive Reading I dan Speaking IV.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to give my biggest thank to The Almighty God, Jesus Crhist, who always gives his blessing to me and to every one, especially that He has led me passing my difficult time in doing this thesis. I thank God for always accompanying me through nights and days, good and bad times that He always gives me spirit to struggle more.
I also thank God for sending me the great persons to help me, pray for me, encourage and support me to finish this thesis.
I should thank God for sending me the kindest and the most patient advisor,
Mr. Herujiyanto
, who always leads and helps me with his suggestions, attention, support, and correction.
My special ”Thank God” is for giving me a kind family, my Father who is always patient to take and pick me up and teach me to be an independent woman; the best Mother who gives me unconditional love and cares about me when I get sick or have to sleep late doing my work; and my brother who is the only sibling in my family.
I would like to thank God for sending me kind hearted and everlasting friends like Mbak Yun, and ”other habitants” Beti, Nila, V3, who are always willing to share; Santi, Bekti, Susan, Alit, Ayux’, Riko, I thank them for the pleasure time we have ever had; and Dika, I thank him for his kindness of giving wisdom and straight
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and sad time together guys!” I would also like thank to my family and friends in CEC, especially Cie Lan,
Cie Wen, who have inspired me and advised me with the knowledge of life. I thank Mbak Widdy, my roommate, for always helping, teaching, and even teasing me. I want to express my gratitude to all my seniors in CEC whom I share my days during the four days working in every week, Kaka’ Retno, Cie Yani, Ka’ Ima, mbak Santi, mbak Cecil, mba Vryska, mba Nia, mba Ratih, Ko’ Adi, Yadi, Pak Eko, Cie End, for accompanying and leading me to be a better person and teacher; the Putra Persada teachers like Bu Eri and Bu Ari, and all the persons whom I cannot mention one by one. I also thank the creatures that I never realized of their existence in accompanying me. I thank them for the tear, blood, and sweat I shed during the process of making this thesis. And may all beings in this world be happy.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The first chapter of this study mainly discusses four main things about Julia Llewellyn’s novel, If I were You. They consist of the Background of the Study, Objectives of the Study, Problem Formulation, the Benefits of the Study, and the Definition of the Terms. The background of the study represents the description of the topic of the
study and also represents the personal reasons why this topic is chosen. The objectives of the study are limited by only dealing with the problems, which are found in the Problem Formulations. The problem formulation concerns with the general description of the investigated problems of this thesis. The benefits of this study identify which parties will benefit from the study. The last part is the definition of terms that concerns with special words and their explanation used in this study to avoid the readers’ misunderstanding towards the certain words.
A. Background of the Study
Literature is one of the language branch studies that relates to the arts of language. Literature is very close to human’s life as a way to express one’s ideas, feelings, and views related to the human’s real life. From literature the readers are not only getting pleasure, but the readers can obtain various kinds of knowledge also. The
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works, is psychological knowledge that can be explored through the characters of the novels. The author of a novel usually creates characters that psychologically reflect the real human characters and implicitly describes their personalities, desires, feelings, ideas, relationship to others, their motivation of doing something, and their searching for self-identity. And those above mentioned statements become the inspiration for the general topic and for choosing a novel to be the subject of this study.
A novel that attracts the writer’s interest is Julia Llewellyn’s novel, If I Were You. What makes the story interesting is the story itself in which it is close to the human’s real life experiences. The story leads the readers’ minds and emotions to imagine and reflect themselves if they were in the situations where they were facing the situations as the same as faced by the two main characters in the novel. The author, Julia Llewellyn, has successfully created the marvelous story that can encourage the readers’ emotion and curiosity as her previous hilarious and enjoyable novel, The Love Trainer. She also cleverly describes how the settings of place and situation are and how the characters look like. The readers can easily imagine what kind of person Natasha or Sophie is and how they look like. Sophie, whose mother was an artist who had divorced and used to live with different men, is an easy going person and looks so fashionable. The other character, Natasha, comes from a good family. She is a hard worker and she rarely thinks about her love life. And as what has been mentioned above, this study is intended to concern more on the second
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In this novel, the author takes a common and popular topic about human interactions that includes the relationship between the two main characters and their families, the relationship between the two main characters and their society, and the relationship within the two main characters itself. By those relationships, Llewellyn builds the two main characters’ personalities through their progress in searching their identities.
The novel itself contains 57 chapters. In the first chapter, Llewellyn introduces the two main characters, Sophie and Natasha who were best fiends from the first day they entered Betterton Ladies’ College Senior Division when they were eleven years until they were adults. Then when Sophie and Natasha had been adults, they had different career and style of life. Sophie had to take big efforts to make some money for herself and shared life with her boy friend; meanwhile Natasha has been a success career woman who lived in luxury flat, but she felt alone that she hadn’t got any boyfriend. The author also tells about Sophie and Natasha’s families and people close to them. Sophie was always influenced by her mother while Natasha was not.
To make the story more interesting and to attract the readers’ emotion and curiosity, the author creates some conflicts within Sophie and Natasha’s life. Sophie who worked as a staff in a publisher used to get financial problem, and she also had problems on her relationship with her boyfriend. But Sophie always looks so fashionable and attractive that many men are willing to have relationship with her. It is different from Natasha who rarely had dating, and once she had, she got problems
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But Natasha had successful career as a TV show programmer and had many famous clients. Sometimes, Sophie and Natasha felt jealous to each other because of their life condition and problems they faced. The two main characters exercised their mentality trough the conflicts created by Llewellyn so that in the end of the story they became tough persons by helping each other and finally both of them could be the better persons.
But most of all, the thing that interests the writer at the story of If I Were You is the two main characters’ searching for self-identity. It is embodied by the two main characters’ self-development when they faced some problems coming to their life that made them discover their truly identity or personality.
This study is, therefore, meant to find out the factors that influence Sophie and Natasha’s decision to search their self-identity. There are some factors that can be analyzed from the novel. The other things that make this novel special and can be learnt are the ways Sophie shares her view about life, helps her best friend, Natasha, by letting her boyfriend marries Natasha, and changes herself to be a more mature person. And to get the deeper analysis about the two main characters’ self identity, it is necessary to know Sophie and Natasha’s characteristics and personalities.
Then in conducting a study on literature, it is better to choose library research that focuses on the primary source as the novel, and secondary sources as the supporting sources to figure out the ground theory. Here, this study uses the psychological approach and psychoanalytical criticism to analyze and explore the
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as Reflected in Llewellyn’s If I Were You. Psychoanalytical criticism treats the two main characters as real people who have complex psyches. From it, the characters of a novel can be perceived as mirrors for their psychological fears, motivation, and desires (Cirese, 1985: 53). This study also employs some supporting theories, such as theory of character and characterization, psychoanalytic theory, psychodynamic theory, phenomenological theory, theory of relationship, theory of friendship, and the relationship between Psychology and Literature. The depth explanation is clarified more in chapter two.
B. Objective of the Study
The objective of this study is to look into ones’ significant attitudes on searching for their identities through their beliefs, thoughts, motivations, feelings, friendship and relationship with environment or society, and the problems they face as seen in Sophie and Natasha, the two main characters of Julia Llewellyn’s If I were You.
C. Problem Formulation
Considering the explanation above, there are two problems that are going to be discussed deeply in this study. Those two problems are:
1. How are Sophie and Natasha, the two main characters of the novel described?
2. What can influence Sophie and Natasha’s decision to find their self-identity?
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D. Benefits of the Study
From the conducted study on one of Julia Llewellyn’s master pieces, it indirectly introduces her novel; If I Were You and her other works to the readers. It also provides some information for those who may obtain the benefits of this study. First, the benefits may be obtained by the readers who read this study in which they can get some knowledge they do not know yet and as well as being entertained also.
Second, for the students who concern on the same study that they can use this study as the references. Third, for other researchers, this study can be used as the comparison. And for English teachers, they can use the conclusion and teaching implementation of this study in the appendixes as the reflection and references in teaching.
E. Definition of Terms
In this part, some key words used in this study are going to be elaborated to avoid misunderstanding. In doing so, some sources from the Encyclopedias, Hornsby’s Learner’s Dictionary, Cirese’s Quest : A Search for Self, Davidoff’s Introduction to Psychology, and some websites on the internet are needed. Those terms are:
1. Character
Character is defined as the personality that is presented or realized in fiction or drama and also defined as one of the person of drama or novel as said in Merriam
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that characters are widely considered as an essential element of fictional works,
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especially novels, and plays (accessed on March 15 , 2007). It means that the persons on the novel’s story play big roles to make the story seem real. Characters are described through their actions, dialects, thoughts, and desires.
2. Characterization
According to Merriam Webster’s Encyclopedia (1995), characterization is defined as “The representation in fictional or drama of human character or personality”.
From www.wikipedia.org it is said that “Characterization is process conveying
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information about characters in fictional literary work” (accessed on March 15 , 2007). In characterizing people, it involves the psychological make up of the characters such as fears, emotion, beliefs, motivation, and desires.
3. Identity
Identity can be defines as “A person’s sense of who she or he is as a unique individual, whole and separate from others” (Cirese, 1985: 14). A person has to know and has a feeling about who he or she is, to be who a person believes he or she is. And one’s identity is more than his or her name or social roles. It establishes and results from one’s “uniqueness” and “togetherness” in the society. One’s identity also depends on how society perceives him or her.
4. Personality
According to Davidoff, personality is “Distinct identity formed of relatively consistent and enduring patterns of perceiving, thinking, feeling, and behaving”
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affected by the environment around him or her.
5. Self-identity
“It is the concept of oneself as a person, unique and distinct from all others and as a whole being, existing as a unity through his or her life time” (Cirese, 1985: 176). It reflects a person’s idea of himself or herself, including the image or picture of himself or herself. Here, one thinks not only of himself, but also of the ways he evaluates himself and the ways he presents himself to the society. And it is a life-long process.
6. Social Role
Social role can be defined as the characteristic and expected behavior pattern associated with a particular social status (Cirese, 1985: 177). It is an essential part on one’s searching for identity process that he or she has to struggle to be accepted in the society.
7. Self-actualization
Maslow said that “Self-actualization is the process of becoming more competent, of developing capacities that serve to maintain or enhance on self “ (Cirese, 1985: 62). It is the highest of human needs. It includes the development of ones’ interests, skills, and behaviors in harmony with ones sense of self.
8. Self-presentation
It is how one reveals or represents oneself to others; the impression of self ones endeavor to give to others (Cirese, 1985: 182). It includes the ways ones dress,
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charming, intelligent, cool, and other impressions.
9. Influence
As said in Hornby’s Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, “Influence means the power to affect somebody’s actions, characters, or beliefs, especially by providing example for them to follow, winning their admiration or making them afraid to disagree” (437). Related to this study, influence is defined as something that brings effect on ones’ life. It is related to Sophie and Natasha’s friendship, families, beliefs, views, motivation, desires, thoughts, and problems.
11. Internal Factors
From Hornby’s dictionary, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, internal is defined as thing derived from within the thing itself. Here, the internal factors of self-searching come up from the inside of an individual itself, such as feelings, desires, and thoughts.
12. External Factors
From Hornby’s dictionary, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, external is defined as thing situated on the outside. For self-searching, external factors come up from the outside of an individual such as the society, family, friends, and the environment that will influence the main characters’ searching for identity.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW This following chapter elaborates the five sections namely the Review of Related Theories, Critical Approaches, Theoretical Framework, Criticism, and Context of the Novel. In this study, those five sections are used to analyze and comprehend Llewellyn’s novel, If I were You deeper. A. Review of Related Theories Here, the theories related to the study are going to be identified. To analyze
the work of literature, such as novels, and short stories, this study needs to employ theory of literature including Theory of Character and Characterization. The theory will be explained as follows:
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
According to Holman and Harmon, character is “The idea of moral or constitution of human personality, the presence the moral value of the creature in the art in the form of human being. The character is also the description of a person who has some definite qualities.” (18) from reading a book of Merriam Webster’s Encyclopedia of Literature (1995), there are found some definitions of the word of character. The first definition is
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literary sketch) of a human virtue or vice or of a general type of human character. The second is character as the personality that is presented or realized in fiction or drama.
The third one is character is defining as one of the person of drama or novel. From those definitions, it can be assumed that characters may be widely considered as an essential element of fictional works, especially novels and plays. Characters make the story of a literary work seems to be real. The readers can enjoy and follow the story through the characters actions and speeches. So, it is necessary for the authors who write novels or other literary works that they have enough skills in order to present their ideas into the story through the characters’ descriptions.
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From www.wikipedia.com (accessed on March 15 , 2007), there are written several types of fictional characters. Those are Iconic characters that are well known outside of the work from which they come, for examples Superman, James Bond, Conan, etc. Dynamic characters are characters that change significantly during the course of the story including changes insight or understanding, changes in commitment, and changes in value. Static characters do not undertake significant changes. Whether round or flat, their personalities remain essentially stable throughout the story. This is commonly done with the secondary characters in order to let them serve as thematic or plot elements. The other two popular kinds of character are protagonists and antagonists. Protagonist characters are considered as the driver of the story, the one who forces the action that is defined as “Pursue and Consideration” characteristic. Antagonist characters are the characters directly
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In their book, Barnet, Berman, and Burto (71-72) classify four things to figure out what the characteristics of the character in the novel are, those are;
a. From What the Characters Say
From what the characters say or from the way they speak, the readers are able to predict what the author creates the personality of the speaker or character. It provides the readers the clue whether the actor is protagonist or antagonist. The readers can determine the characteristics from the statements the characters utter.
b. From What the Character Do
This classification relates to the characters’ action. By analyzing what the character does, the readers are able to know whether the character is from upper or lower class, educated or not, good or bad person. The readers will understand through the characters’ attitude. The readers will be able to predict the personality from the characters actions in the novel. It can be the reflection of the character.
c. From What Other Characters Say about the Main Character
What other characters say or comment can be used to analyze the main character’s personality. What other characters say about the main character can be used as additional information and clear description about the main character or others in the story. The author may give the descriptions of the main character’s personality through the other characters’ opinion or judgment. It can be from others
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enemy. Therefore, the readers may get different opinions of the character’s personality.
d. From What Other Characters Do
What other characters do toward a certain character also can determine the analysis of the character. It is very important to know the characterization of the main character such as whether the main character is a lazy, clever, happy, kind, wicked, or careless person. Other characters’ responses in specific events in the story can be used as the reflection and can help the readers to understand the character’s personality.
As quoted by Larver and Schiever in their book, Perspective on Personality, Allport says that “The characteristic of a character is related to his or her behavior, thoughts, and feelings” (5). Here is clear that the way of thinking, feeling, and behavior will influence one’s character. Therefore it is important for the readers to analyze the characters and the main character’ thought, feelings, and actions to figure out the characters’ personalities.
Meanwhile, characterization is the process of creating and developing characters in a work of fiction. According to Merriam Webster’s Encyclopedia of Literature (1995), characterization is also defined as the representation in fictional or drama of human character personality. Characters are usually presented through their actions, dialects, thoughts, as well as description. Characterization can consider a
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occupation, financial status, marital status, social status, cultural background, beliefs, ambitions, motivation, personalities, and many more else.
Basically, there are two general ways in identifying information about a character. Those are Direct or Explicit Characterization that the author directly tells what the character looks like through the narrator, another character, or by the character himself. The second way is Indirect or Implicit Characterization that the readers have to guess what the character looks like through the character’s thoughts, actions, speech, and interactions.
However from the explanation above, this study only chooses five ways that are included in Indirect Characterization to analyze the two main characters of If I were You, Sophie and Natasha. They are;