CHAPTER II RELATED OF REVIEW LITERATURE 2.1 The Meaning of Tourism, Tourist, and Destination

  

CHAPTER II

RELATED OF REVIEW LITERATURE

2.1 The Meaning of Tourism, Tourist, and Destination

  The term “tourism” has recently known after eighteenth century. The activity of travelling is called tour.

  McIntosh (1995:10) said that “ tourism is a composite of activities, services, and industries that delivers a travel experience : transportation, accommodation, eating and drinking establishment, shops, entertainment, activity, and other hospitality service available for individual or group that are away from home” The definition of Tourism from Undang-Undang No.10 Tahun 2009 is that all activities about tourism and be supported by all facilities and services which is provided by society, businessman, government, and local government.

  Both of definition below, the writer can conclude that tourism is outdoor activity is done by a person or a group with the aim to enjoyed a recreation in a destination which is provided by society, businessman, government, and local government.

  A person traveled is called tourist. The internationally, definition of tourist is limited by Economic Commission of the League of Nations means that tourist is an person travelling for a period of 24 hours or more in a country other than that in which is usually resides. Besides tourist term, any other term is same meaning. The term is a foreign visitor. The foreign visitor is a person traveled in a destination without stay in. Points of different are both that maximum time to get travelling which has been established by International Civil Aviation Organizaion and

  

Commission of the United Nation. They give a limited about three month until six

  month for get travelled according by role of each country. A place which is visited by the tourists are called destination.

  The requirement of destination should have the attraction in order to make the tourist or visitor attract to visit that destination. There are some categories of tourism. They are :

1.Ecotourism

  Ecotourism is a destination which supplies about ecosystem. It usually engages natural and jungle. Sometime it also has special species which can be looked, for example like Bukit Lawang is famous about Lauser National Park and especially famous about Orang Utan.

  2. Agro Tourism

  Agro tourism is a destination utilizes agricultural as main aim visitor, for example at Berastagi is famous about fresh vegetable and fruit, especially Marquisa.

  3. Cultural tourism

  Cultural shows about custom culture, the tradition, as an attraction at a destination. For example ; custom home of Karoness is that Siwaluh Jabu at Lingga and at Dokan. Reog Ponorogo is typical performances from Ponorogo.

2.2 Tourism Products

  Tourism products are tangible and abstract in the united series of travelling which can be only felt by who was doing travelling by get some good experiences as finishing a traveling.

  Generally, the tourists will enjoy their touring with new atmosphere, but sometime there are some of them will enjoy their touring with the same atmosphere like their country. For there, we should know the characteristic tourist toward their necessary so that they will get good experience for being touring or travelling. If we have known their necessary, we can prepare to provide their necessary and exactly the uniqueness a destination have to also available as an attraction its destination. If the potential its destination can provide their necessary, it will form an unforgettable memorable for the tourist is who travelling.

  For this context, tourism product is important thing for development of destination The qualities of tourism are :  It can not be saved Generally the product is easy to destroy and can not be sold back.

   It can not be moved The tourists can not bring out its product so that they have to come the place provide it.

   Objective

  Generally the product is made and sold for the necessary some of variety tourists so that its price is also variety. The price is determined by some factor such look from season or status buyer.  The tourists can not taste the product before

  The tourist should come where the product is made as they will not know how the condition of real product. They know the product by brochure or advertisement only.

  Tourism product can be meant that all services is needed the tourists since they leave their home until they come back their home.

  The statement of Burkat and Medik that “tourism products are a series of integrated product which contains are destination, transportation, accommodation, and attraction where those products is prepared by each industry and be supplied separately for the consumer (tourist/visitor)

  .” Based on both, the meaning of tourism product, it can be concluded that there are three things to form a tourism product are :  Attraction by destination  The facilities by destination  Accessibility by destination

  Their thing can be an image for a destination. We will know what its destination listed based on necessary the tourists. They are :  Attraction and destination  Travel agency and tour operator  Public transport

   Accommodation services  Souvenir services  Corporate services

2.3 Tourism Industry

  Undang-undang No. 67 Tahun 1996 explains that tourism industry is the activities get aiming to organize tourism services, provide tourism, destination and other industry related it Detail from the meaning of its tourism industry are listed at provision be four kinds. They are :

  1. Tourism service industry

  Tourism service industry suffuses as planning providing service, tour operator, tourism organizer service. For example, travel bureau, tourist agency, tour guide service 2.

   Attraction and destination industry

  This industry is utilization natural source and environmental governance have been determined as tourism resort for be formed as tourist target.

  3. Accommodation

  Accommodation is one facility to provide lodging service which completed by food and drink service and other service. For example are hotel, lodgment, campground, restaurant, bar, etc.

  Based on listed below, this industry is called tourism component. Tourism component have to movement growth appropriate by technology movement and own the tourism.

2.4 Infrastructure

  Infrastructure is one important thing in tourism. Actually, Infrastructure is tourist supply should be prepared or provided if we will develop tourism industry however tourism is also an activity from sectors of the economy.

  The meaning of infrastructure is all facilities possibility make a way economic process as smooth as well so that can be easy to supply necessary of human.

  Well, the function of infrastructure is to complete the accommodation of tourism so that it can give good service.

  In Indonesia, there are seven elements to be requirements as a destination. They are : 1.

   Safety

  Purpose : create the safety situation for tourist for being the activities of tourism in a destination so that they don’t feel worry and can enjoy their tour.

  The action :  No disturb the tourist  Help and protect the tourist  Friendly with the tourist  Keep safety situation

   Help to give information for the tourist 2.

   Discipline

  Purpose : create the discipline situation for being the activities of tourism which can give service effectively for the tourist The action :

   Keep queue culture  Keep the situation with follow the regulation  On time  Discipline, expedite and neat 3.

   Cleanliness

  Purpose : keep the cleanliness for being the activities of tourism which able cleaning service for the tourist The action :

   Don’t littering anyway  Keep the cleanliness tool and destination together  Prepare hygiene food and beverage equipment  The hygiene uniform for the employee of tourism 4.

   Coolness

  Purpose : create an enjoy situation for being activities of tourism which able supply the enjoy destination and feel stand for tourist so that push them to spend so long. The action :

   Go green by plant a tree

   Keep go green  Keep coolness at every place of destination 5.

   Beauty

  Purpose : create good destination for being the activities of tourism which able supply attract atmosphere and keep memorable deeply for the tourist so that sustainable promotion activity for more and good visiting. The action :

   Keep nice and attraction by setting of harmony and natural  Set of lodgment by neat, discipline, and keep local character  Keep ornamentals plants for aesthetic elements 6.

   The Hospitality

  Purpose : create the friendly situation for being activities of tourism which able supply good relationship like own family for the tourist so that sustainable the tourist get good memorable and will visit back.

7. Ideals of the past

  Purpose : create unforgettable memories for the tourist so that the tour which they can make them remember through and also can motivate to come back.

  The action :  Show the uniqueness local culture  Prepare typical food and drink which has clean, healthy and attract  Provide the unique gift