Dinamika Populasi Serta Diversitas Mesofauna Tanah Akibat Pemberian Jenis dan Cara Aplikasi Bahan Organik Pada Piringan Kelapa Sawit
ABSTRAK
Populasi mesofauna tanah sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersedian sumber makanan
yang turut mempengaruhi keragaman hewan tersebut pada lingkugannya. Sumber
makanan dapat berupa bahan organik yang beragam jenis. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan cara aplikasi bahan organik pada piringan
kelapa sawit terhadap populasi serta diversitas mesofauna tanah. Penelitian ini
dilaksanakan di lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit Aek Pancur, Tanjung Morawa.
Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial. Faktor
pertama jenis bahan organik terdiri dari tanpa bahan organik, serasah, TKKS,
serasah + T. harzianum dan TKKS + T. harzianum dan faktor kedua cara aplikasi
bahan organik yaitu ditumpuk melingkari tegakan, disebar serta diaplikasikan
diujung piringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi TKKS mampu
meningkatkan populasi mesofauna, C-organik tanah serta pH tanah, pemberian
bahan organik dalam bentuk serasah + T. harzianum mampu meningkatkan
populasi mikroorganisme sedangkan bahan organik dalam bentuk TKKS + T.
harzianum mampu meningkatkan aktivitas enzim carboxymethyl-cellulase tanah.
Namun pemberian bahan organik tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap bulk density
tanah. Cara disebar mampu meningkatkan populasi mesofauna pada piringan
kelapa sawit serta populasi mikroorganisme tanah. Interaksi anatara TKKS yang
diaplikasikan secara disebar merata selapis mampu meningkatkan populasi
mesofauna tanah dan aplikasi serasah + T. harzianum mampu meningkatkan
populasi mikroorganisme tanah. Terdapat 32 famili mesofauna pada piringan
kelapa sawit dengan kepadatan populasi, kepadatan relatif serta frekuensi
kehadiran tertinggi dari famili Campodeidae, ordo yang paling mendominasi
adalah ordo Acari dan Colembola.
Kata kunci : Mesofauna, Diversitas, Bahan Organik, Carboxymethyl-Cellulase,
Mikroorganisme Tanah
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
The population of soil mesofauna is strongly influenced by the availability of food
sources that influence the diversity of these fauna in its environment. Food
sources may include various types of organic materials. This research aimed to
determine the effect types and how the application of organic materials on the
weed circletowards the population and diversity of soil mesofauna. This research
was conducted in oil palm plantations Aek Pancur, Tanjung Morawa. This
researchwas use randomize block design factorial. The first factor is the type of
organic materials: without any organic material, litter, EFB, litter + T.
harzianum and EFB + T. harzianum and the second factor is how the application
of organic materials: stacked encircling oil palm, spread a layer and applied at
the threshold of the circle. The results showed that application ofEFB was
increase mesofauna population , C-organic and soil pH, application litter + T.
harzianum was increase the population of soil microorganisms while application
EFB + T. harzianum was increaseactivity of enzymes carboxymethyl- cellulase in
soil. But the application organic materials was not significantly affect soil bulk
density. The application spread a layer was increase the population of soil
mesofauna on the weed circle and the population of soil microorganisms.
Interaction between EFB which was spread a layer increase the population of soil
mesofauna and application oflitter + T. harzianumwhich was spread a layer
increase the population of soil microorganisms. There are 32 mesofauna families
found on the palmweed circlewhich the population density, relative density and
the highest frequency of the attendance was from family Campodeidae, the most
dominating order are the order Acari and Collembola.
Keywords : Mesofauna, Diversity, Organic Matter, Carboxymethyl-Cellulase, Soil
Microorganisms
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Populasi mesofauna tanah sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersedian sumber makanan
yang turut mempengaruhi keragaman hewan tersebut pada lingkugannya. Sumber
makanan dapat berupa bahan organik yang beragam jenis. Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan cara aplikasi bahan organik pada piringan
kelapa sawit terhadap populasi serta diversitas mesofauna tanah. Penelitian ini
dilaksanakan di lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit Aek Pancur, Tanjung Morawa.
Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial. Faktor
pertama jenis bahan organik terdiri dari tanpa bahan organik, serasah, TKKS,
serasah + T. harzianum dan TKKS + T. harzianum dan faktor kedua cara aplikasi
bahan organik yaitu ditumpuk melingkari tegakan, disebar serta diaplikasikan
diujung piringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi TKKS mampu
meningkatkan populasi mesofauna, C-organik tanah serta pH tanah, pemberian
bahan organik dalam bentuk serasah + T. harzianum mampu meningkatkan
populasi mikroorganisme sedangkan bahan organik dalam bentuk TKKS + T.
harzianum mampu meningkatkan aktivitas enzim carboxymethyl-cellulase tanah.
Namun pemberian bahan organik tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap bulk density
tanah. Cara disebar mampu meningkatkan populasi mesofauna pada piringan
kelapa sawit serta populasi mikroorganisme tanah. Interaksi anatara TKKS yang
diaplikasikan secara disebar merata selapis mampu meningkatkan populasi
mesofauna tanah dan aplikasi serasah + T. harzianum mampu meningkatkan
populasi mikroorganisme tanah. Terdapat 32 famili mesofauna pada piringan
kelapa sawit dengan kepadatan populasi, kepadatan relatif serta frekuensi
kehadiran tertinggi dari famili Campodeidae, ordo yang paling mendominasi
adalah ordo Acari dan Colembola.
Kata kunci : Mesofauna, Diversitas, Bahan Organik, Carboxymethyl-Cellulase,
Mikroorganisme Tanah
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
The population of soil mesofauna is strongly influenced by the availability of food
sources that influence the diversity of these fauna in its environment. Food
sources may include various types of organic materials. This research aimed to
determine the effect types and how the application of organic materials on the
weed circletowards the population and diversity of soil mesofauna. This research
was conducted in oil palm plantations Aek Pancur, Tanjung Morawa. This
researchwas use randomize block design factorial. The first factor is the type of
organic materials: without any organic material, litter, EFB, litter + T.
harzianum and EFB + T. harzianum and the second factor is how the application
of organic materials: stacked encircling oil palm, spread a layer and applied at
the threshold of the circle. The results showed that application ofEFB was
increase mesofauna population , C-organic and soil pH, application litter + T.
harzianum was increase the population of soil microorganisms while application
EFB + T. harzianum was increaseactivity of enzymes carboxymethyl- cellulase in
soil. But the application organic materials was not significantly affect soil bulk
density. The application spread a layer was increase the population of soil
mesofauna on the weed circle and the population of soil microorganisms.
Interaction between EFB which was spread a layer increase the population of soil
mesofauna and application oflitter + T. harzianumwhich was spread a layer
increase the population of soil microorganisms. There are 32 mesofauna families
found on the palmweed circlewhich the population density, relative density and
the highest frequency of the attendance was from family Campodeidae, the most
dominating order are the order Acari and Collembola.
Keywords : Mesofauna, Diversity, Organic Matter, Carboxymethyl-Cellulase, Soil
Microorganisms
Universitas Sumatera Utara