Pemanfaatan Abu Tulang Ayam Sebagai Katalis Heterogen (CaO) Dalam Proses Pembuatan Biodiesel Dengan Menggunakan Pelarut Etanol Dari CPO
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[1]
Man Kee Lam dan Keat Teong Lee. “Production of Biodiesel Using Palm
Oil”. Biofuels: Alternative Feedstocks And Conversion Processes. 353-374.
2011.
[2]
Suryaputra, Wijaya., Indra Winata, Nani Indraswati, Suryadi Ismadji. “Waste
capiz (Amusium cristatum) Shell as a New Heterogeneous Catalyst for
biodiesel production”. Renewable Energy, 50 (2013) : 795-799. 2013.
[3]
Al Hakim, Hisyam Musthafa. “Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Produksi Crude
Palm Oil (CPO) Kebun dan Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Pelaihari PT. Perkebunan
Nusantara”. Tesis. Program Studi Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas
Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2013.
[4]
Silitonga, A. S., A.E. Atabani, T.M.I. Mahlia, H.H. Masjuki, Irfan Anjum
Badruddin S. “Mekhilef. A review on Prospect of Jatropha Curcas for
Biodiesel in Indonesia”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,15
(2011): 3733–3756.
Maneerung, Thawatchai., Sibudjing Kawi, Chi-Hwa Wang. “Biomass
Gasification Bottom Ash as a Source of CaO Catalyst for Biodiesel
Production Via Transesterification of Palm Oil”. Energy Conversion and
Management, 92 : 234–243
[5]
[6]
Sarip, Mohd Sharizan Md., Noor Azian Morad, Yoshiyuki Yamashita,
Tomoya Tsuji, Mohd Azizi Che Yunus, MustafaKamal Abd Aziz, Hon
Loong Lam. “Crude palm oil (CPO) extraction using hot compressed water
(HCW)”. Separation and Purification Technology, S1383-5866(16) : 306049. 2016.
[7]
Farooq, Muhammad., Anita Ramli. “Biodiesel Production from Low FFA
Waste Cooking Oil using Heterogeneous Catalyst Derived from Chicken
Bones”. Renewable Energy, 76 (2015) : 362-368. 2014.
[8]
Mohadi, Risfidian., Aldes Lesbani dan Yosine Susie. “Preparasi dan
Karakterisasi Kalsium Oksida (Cao) dari Tulang Ayam”. 2013.
[9]
Mba, Ogan I., Marie-Josée Dumont, Michael Ngadi. “Palm Oil: Processing,
Characterization and Utilization in the Food Industry–A Review”. Food
Bioscience, S2212-4292(15)00005-X. 2015
[10]
Vincent., Christine Jamie, Rosnah Shamsudin, Azhari Samsu Baharuddin.
“Pre-treatment of Oil Palm Fruits: A Review”. Journal of Food Engineering,
143 (2014) : 123–131. 2014
36
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[11]
Acevedo, Juan C., Jorge A. Hernández, Carlos F. Valdés, Samir Kumar
Khana. “Analysis of Operating Costs for Producing Biodiesel from Palm Oil
at Pilot-scale in Colombia”. Bioresource Technology, S0960-8524(15)000917. 2015.
[12]
Dahiya, Anju. “Introduction to Biodiesel and Glossary of Terms”. Bio
Energy, B978-0-12-407909-0.00002-X. 2015.
[13]
Pruszko, Rudy. “Biodiesel production”. Bio Energy, B978-0-12-4079090.00020-1. 2015.
[14]
Samik. “Activity of K3PO4/Mesoporous NaZSM-5 Catalyst in
Transesterification Refined Palm Oil (RPO) to Biodiesel”. Tesis-SK2402.
2011.
[15]
Farooq, Muhammad Farooq., Anita Ramli, Duvvuri Subbarao “Biodiesel
Production from Waste Cooking Oil using Bifunctional Heterogeneous Solid
Catalysts”. Journal of Cleaner Production, S0959-6526(13)00396-X. 2013.
[16]
Somnuk, Krit., Pruittikorn Smithmaitrie, Gumpon Prateepchaikul. “TwoStage Continuous Process of Methyl Ester from High Free Fatty Acid Mixed
Crude Palm Oil using Static Mixer Coupled with High-Intensity of
Ultrasound”. Energy Conversion and Management, 75 (2013 : 302–310. 2013
[17]
Izida, T., L. Bussler, J.R. Silva, L.H.C. Andrade, E. Simionatto, E.L.
Simionatto, D.R. Scharf, S.M. Lima. “On-line In Situ Monitoring of the
Soybean Oil and Ethanol Transesterification Reaction by Fluorescence
Spectroscopy”. Fuel, 145 (2015): 109–115. 2015.
[18]
Borges, M.E., L. Díaz. “Recent Developments on Heterogeneous Catalysts
for Biodiesel Production by Oil Esterification and Transesterification
Reactions: A Review”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16
(2012): 2839– 2849. 2012.
[19]
hj. “Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Copper Doped Zinc
Oxide Nanocomposite as Heterogeneous Catalyst”. Bioresource Technology,
S0960-8524(15)00023-1. 2015.
[20]
Ullah, Zahoor., Mohamad Azmi Bustam, Zakaria Man. “Biodiesel Production
from Waste Cooking Oil by Acidic Ionic Liquid as a Catalyst”. Renewable
Energy 77 (2015): 521-526. 2014.
[21]
Huang, Jinjin., Ji Xia, Wei Jiang, Ying Li, Jilun Li. “Biodiesel Production
from Microalgae Oil Catalyzed by a Recombinant Lipase”. Bioresource
Technology, 180 (2015): 47–53. 2014.
[22]
Sánchez, B.S.,
B. Benitez, C.A. Querini, G.Mendow., 2015
“Transesterification of Sunflower Oil with Ethanol using Sodium Ethoxide as
37
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[23]
[24]
[25]
Catalyst. Effect of the reaction conditions”. Fuel Processing Technology, 131
(2015): 29–35. 2014.
Chaia, Ming., Qingshi Tu, Mingming Lu, Y. Jeffrey Yang. “Esterification
Pretreatment of Free Fatty Acid in Biodiesel Production, from Laboratory to
Industry”. Fuel Processing Technology, 125 (2014) 106–113. 2014.
Petrus, Bernandus dan Andika Prasetyo Sembiring. “Pemanfaatan Abu
Cangkang Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) sebagai Katalis dalam
Pembuatan Metil Ester dari Minyak Jelantah”. Laporan Hasil Penelitian.
2014.
Kasim dan Rahmiyati. “Esterifikasi Asam Lemak Bebas pada Campuran
Asam Oleat dan Minyak Sawit Murni Menggunakan Microwave”. Laporan
Penelitian Pengembangan Iptek Dana PNBP Tahun Anggaran 2012. 2012.
[26]
Cukalovic, Ana., Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu, Yves Eeckhout, Camelia
Echim, Roland Verhe, Geraldine Heynderickx, Christian V. Stevens.
“Development, Optimization and Scale-Up of Biodiesel Production from
Crude Palm Oil and Effective Use un Developing Countries”. Biomass and
Bioenergy, 56 (2013): 62-69. 2013.
[27]
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), “Data Luas Perkebunan Besar CPO dan
Perkembangan CPO di Indonesia Tahun 2009-2013”. 2015.
[28]
Sarantopoulos, Ioannis., Efthalia Chatzisymeon, Spyros Foteinis, Theocharis
Tsoutsos. “Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Waste Lard by a Two
Step Transesterification Process Under Mild Conditions”. Energy for
Sustainable Development, 23(2014): 110-114. 2014.
[29]
College Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China and
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University,
Beijing 100084, China. “Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel
Using Zeolite Supported Cao as Strong Base Catalysts”. Fuel Processing
Technology, 109 (2013): 13–18. 2013.
[30]
Tang, Ying., Qitong Cheng, Hui CaO, Li Zhang, Jie Zhang, Huafeng Li.
“Coupling Transesterifications for no-Glycerol Biodiesel Production
Catalyzed by Calcium Oxide”. Comptes Rendus Chimie, C. R. Chimie
xxx (2015): xxx–xxx. 2015.
[31]
Dennis Y.C. Leung dan Xuan Wu, M.K.H. Leung. “A Review on Biodiesel
Production Using Catalyzed Transesterification”. Applied Energy, 87 (2010):
1083–1095. 2010.
[32]
Mendow, G., N.S. Veizaga, B.S. Sánchez, C.A. Querini. “Biodiesel
Production by Two-Stage Transesterification with Ethanol”. Bioresource
Technology, 102 (2011): 10407–10413. 2011.
38
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[33]
Zayed Al-Hamamre dan Jehad Yamin.” Parametric Study of the Alkali
Catalyzed Transesterification of Waste Frying Oil for Biodiesel Production”.
Energy Conversion and Management, 79 (2014): 246–254. 2014.
[34]
Anju Dahiya. “Introduction to Biodiesel and Glossary Of Terms”. Bioenergy,
National Biodiesel Board, USA. 2016.
[35]
Roschat, Wuttichai., Theeranun Siritanon, Boonyawan Yoosuk, Vinich
Promarak. “Biodiesel production from palm oil using hydrated lime-derived
CaO as a low-cost basic heterogeneous catalyst”. Energy Conversion and
Management, 108 (2016): 459–467. 2016.
[36]
Li, Eugena., Zhi Ping Xu, Victor Rudolph. “MgCoAl–LDH derived
heterogeneous catalysts for the ethanol transesterification of canola oil to
biodiesel”. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 88 (2009): 42–49. 2008.
[37]
Puneet Verma dan M.P. Sharma. Comparative analysis of effect of methanol
and ethanol on Karanja biodiesel production and its optimization”. Fuel, 180
(2016): 164–174. 2016.
[38]
Mandeep Kaur dan Amjad Ali. “Ethanolysis of waste cottonseed oil over
lithium impregnated calcium oxide: Kinetics and reusability studies”.
Renewable Energy, 63 (2014): 272-279. 2013.
[39]
Maneerung, Thawatchai., Sibudjing Kawi, Yanjun Dai, Chi-Hwa Wang. "
Sustainable biodiesel production via transesterification of waste cooking oil
by using CaO catalysts prepared from chicken manure” Energy Conversion
and Management, 123 (2016): 487–497. 2016.
[40]
M. Avramovic, Jelena., Ana V. Velickovic, Olivera S. Stamenkovic, Katarina
M. Rajkovic,Vlada B. Veljkovic, Petar S. Milic. “Optimization of sunflower
oil ethanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide:RSM versus ANN-GA”. Energy
Conversion and Management, 105 (2015): 1149–1156. 2015.
[41]
Freedman B, Butterfield RO, Pryde EH. “Transesterification kinetic studies of
soybean oils”. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1986;63:1375–80.
.
39
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[1]
Man Kee Lam dan Keat Teong Lee. “Production of Biodiesel Using Palm
Oil”. Biofuels: Alternative Feedstocks And Conversion Processes. 353-374.
2011.
[2]
Suryaputra, Wijaya., Indra Winata, Nani Indraswati, Suryadi Ismadji. “Waste
capiz (Amusium cristatum) Shell as a New Heterogeneous Catalyst for
biodiesel production”. Renewable Energy, 50 (2013) : 795-799. 2013.
[3]
Al Hakim, Hisyam Musthafa. “Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Produksi Crude
Palm Oil (CPO) Kebun dan Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Pelaihari PT. Perkebunan
Nusantara”. Tesis. Program Studi Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas
Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2013.
[4]
Silitonga, A. S., A.E. Atabani, T.M.I. Mahlia, H.H. Masjuki, Irfan Anjum
Badruddin S. “Mekhilef. A review on Prospect of Jatropha Curcas for
Biodiesel in Indonesia”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,15
(2011): 3733–3756.
Maneerung, Thawatchai., Sibudjing Kawi, Chi-Hwa Wang. “Biomass
Gasification Bottom Ash as a Source of CaO Catalyst for Biodiesel
Production Via Transesterification of Palm Oil”. Energy Conversion and
Management, 92 : 234–243
[5]
[6]
Sarip, Mohd Sharizan Md., Noor Azian Morad, Yoshiyuki Yamashita,
Tomoya Tsuji, Mohd Azizi Che Yunus, MustafaKamal Abd Aziz, Hon
Loong Lam. “Crude palm oil (CPO) extraction using hot compressed water
(HCW)”. Separation and Purification Technology, S1383-5866(16) : 306049. 2016.
[7]
Farooq, Muhammad., Anita Ramli. “Biodiesel Production from Low FFA
Waste Cooking Oil using Heterogeneous Catalyst Derived from Chicken
Bones”. Renewable Energy, 76 (2015) : 362-368. 2014.
[8]
Mohadi, Risfidian., Aldes Lesbani dan Yosine Susie. “Preparasi dan
Karakterisasi Kalsium Oksida (Cao) dari Tulang Ayam”. 2013.
[9]
Mba, Ogan I., Marie-Josée Dumont, Michael Ngadi. “Palm Oil: Processing,
Characterization and Utilization in the Food Industry–A Review”. Food
Bioscience, S2212-4292(15)00005-X. 2015
[10]
Vincent., Christine Jamie, Rosnah Shamsudin, Azhari Samsu Baharuddin.
“Pre-treatment of Oil Palm Fruits: A Review”. Journal of Food Engineering,
143 (2014) : 123–131. 2014
36
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[11]
Acevedo, Juan C., Jorge A. Hernández, Carlos F. Valdés, Samir Kumar
Khana. “Analysis of Operating Costs for Producing Biodiesel from Palm Oil
at Pilot-scale in Colombia”. Bioresource Technology, S0960-8524(15)000917. 2015.
[12]
Dahiya, Anju. “Introduction to Biodiesel and Glossary of Terms”. Bio
Energy, B978-0-12-407909-0.00002-X. 2015.
[13]
Pruszko, Rudy. “Biodiesel production”. Bio Energy, B978-0-12-4079090.00020-1. 2015.
[14]
Samik. “Activity of K3PO4/Mesoporous NaZSM-5 Catalyst in
Transesterification Refined Palm Oil (RPO) to Biodiesel”. Tesis-SK2402.
2011.
[15]
Farooq, Muhammad Farooq., Anita Ramli, Duvvuri Subbarao “Biodiesel
Production from Waste Cooking Oil using Bifunctional Heterogeneous Solid
Catalysts”. Journal of Cleaner Production, S0959-6526(13)00396-X. 2013.
[16]
Somnuk, Krit., Pruittikorn Smithmaitrie, Gumpon Prateepchaikul. “TwoStage Continuous Process of Methyl Ester from High Free Fatty Acid Mixed
Crude Palm Oil using Static Mixer Coupled with High-Intensity of
Ultrasound”. Energy Conversion and Management, 75 (2013 : 302–310. 2013
[17]
Izida, T., L. Bussler, J.R. Silva, L.H.C. Andrade, E. Simionatto, E.L.
Simionatto, D.R. Scharf, S.M. Lima. “On-line In Situ Monitoring of the
Soybean Oil and Ethanol Transesterification Reaction by Fluorescence
Spectroscopy”. Fuel, 145 (2015): 109–115. 2015.
[18]
Borges, M.E., L. Díaz. “Recent Developments on Heterogeneous Catalysts
for Biodiesel Production by Oil Esterification and Transesterification
Reactions: A Review”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16
(2012): 2839– 2849. 2012.
[19]
hj. “Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Copper Doped Zinc
Oxide Nanocomposite as Heterogeneous Catalyst”. Bioresource Technology,
S0960-8524(15)00023-1. 2015.
[20]
Ullah, Zahoor., Mohamad Azmi Bustam, Zakaria Man. “Biodiesel Production
from Waste Cooking Oil by Acidic Ionic Liquid as a Catalyst”. Renewable
Energy 77 (2015): 521-526. 2014.
[21]
Huang, Jinjin., Ji Xia, Wei Jiang, Ying Li, Jilun Li. “Biodiesel Production
from Microalgae Oil Catalyzed by a Recombinant Lipase”. Bioresource
Technology, 180 (2015): 47–53. 2014.
[22]
Sánchez, B.S.,
B. Benitez, C.A. Querini, G.Mendow., 2015
“Transesterification of Sunflower Oil with Ethanol using Sodium Ethoxide as
37
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[23]
[24]
[25]
Catalyst. Effect of the reaction conditions”. Fuel Processing Technology, 131
(2015): 29–35. 2014.
Chaia, Ming., Qingshi Tu, Mingming Lu, Y. Jeffrey Yang. “Esterification
Pretreatment of Free Fatty Acid in Biodiesel Production, from Laboratory to
Industry”. Fuel Processing Technology, 125 (2014) 106–113. 2014.
Petrus, Bernandus dan Andika Prasetyo Sembiring. “Pemanfaatan Abu
Cangkang Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) sebagai Katalis dalam
Pembuatan Metil Ester dari Minyak Jelantah”. Laporan Hasil Penelitian.
2014.
Kasim dan Rahmiyati. “Esterifikasi Asam Lemak Bebas pada Campuran
Asam Oleat dan Minyak Sawit Murni Menggunakan Microwave”. Laporan
Penelitian Pengembangan Iptek Dana PNBP Tahun Anggaran 2012. 2012.
[26]
Cukalovic, Ana., Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu, Yves Eeckhout, Camelia
Echim, Roland Verhe, Geraldine Heynderickx, Christian V. Stevens.
“Development, Optimization and Scale-Up of Biodiesel Production from
Crude Palm Oil and Effective Use un Developing Countries”. Biomass and
Bioenergy, 56 (2013): 62-69. 2013.
[27]
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), “Data Luas Perkebunan Besar CPO dan
Perkembangan CPO di Indonesia Tahun 2009-2013”. 2015.
[28]
Sarantopoulos, Ioannis., Efthalia Chatzisymeon, Spyros Foteinis, Theocharis
Tsoutsos. “Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Waste Lard by a Two
Step Transesterification Process Under Mild Conditions”. Energy for
Sustainable Development, 23(2014): 110-114. 2014.
[29]
College Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China and
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University,
Beijing 100084, China. “Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel
Using Zeolite Supported Cao as Strong Base Catalysts”. Fuel Processing
Technology, 109 (2013): 13–18. 2013.
[30]
Tang, Ying., Qitong Cheng, Hui CaO, Li Zhang, Jie Zhang, Huafeng Li.
“Coupling Transesterifications for no-Glycerol Biodiesel Production
Catalyzed by Calcium Oxide”. Comptes Rendus Chimie, C. R. Chimie
xxx (2015): xxx–xxx. 2015.
[31]
Dennis Y.C. Leung dan Xuan Wu, M.K.H. Leung. “A Review on Biodiesel
Production Using Catalyzed Transesterification”. Applied Energy, 87 (2010):
1083–1095. 2010.
[32]
Mendow, G., N.S. Veizaga, B.S. Sánchez, C.A. Querini. “Biodiesel
Production by Two-Stage Transesterification with Ethanol”. Bioresource
Technology, 102 (2011): 10407–10413. 2011.
38
Universitas Sumatera Utara
[33]
Zayed Al-Hamamre dan Jehad Yamin.” Parametric Study of the Alkali
Catalyzed Transesterification of Waste Frying Oil for Biodiesel Production”.
Energy Conversion and Management, 79 (2014): 246–254. 2014.
[34]
Anju Dahiya. “Introduction to Biodiesel and Glossary Of Terms”. Bioenergy,
National Biodiesel Board, USA. 2016.
[35]
Roschat, Wuttichai., Theeranun Siritanon, Boonyawan Yoosuk, Vinich
Promarak. “Biodiesel production from palm oil using hydrated lime-derived
CaO as a low-cost basic heterogeneous catalyst”. Energy Conversion and
Management, 108 (2016): 459–467. 2016.
[36]
Li, Eugena., Zhi Ping Xu, Victor Rudolph. “MgCoAl–LDH derived
heterogeneous catalysts for the ethanol transesterification of canola oil to
biodiesel”. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 88 (2009): 42–49. 2008.
[37]
Puneet Verma dan M.P. Sharma. Comparative analysis of effect of methanol
and ethanol on Karanja biodiesel production and its optimization”. Fuel, 180
(2016): 164–174. 2016.
[38]
Mandeep Kaur dan Amjad Ali. “Ethanolysis of waste cottonseed oil over
lithium impregnated calcium oxide: Kinetics and reusability studies”.
Renewable Energy, 63 (2014): 272-279. 2013.
[39]
Maneerung, Thawatchai., Sibudjing Kawi, Yanjun Dai, Chi-Hwa Wang. "
Sustainable biodiesel production via transesterification of waste cooking oil
by using CaO catalysts prepared from chicken manure” Energy Conversion
and Management, 123 (2016): 487–497. 2016.
[40]
M. Avramovic, Jelena., Ana V. Velickovic, Olivera S. Stamenkovic, Katarina
M. Rajkovic,Vlada B. Veljkovic, Petar S. Milic. “Optimization of sunflower
oil ethanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide:RSM versus ANN-GA”. Energy
Conversion and Management, 105 (2015): 1149–1156. 2015.
[41]
Freedman B, Butterfield RO, Pryde EH. “Transesterification kinetic studies of
soybean oils”. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1986;63:1375–80.
.
39
Universitas Sumatera Utara