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  ,s u o t s e m o c n o it ci lf f A ;r e b o s t u b d a s s u e k a m o t t o n .e si w t u b y rr o s s u e k a m o t t o n G . H ( . )s ll e W

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  Y a n g b e tr a n d a t a n g a n d i b a w a h i n i , s a y a m a h a s i s w a U n i v e r s ti a s S a n a t a D h a r m a : N a m a : M a ir a N i a y u R i s m a N o v i a n t i N o m o r M a h a s i s w a :

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  b e s e tr a p e r a n g k a t y a n g d i p e lr u k a n ( b li a a d a ) . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n s a y a m e m b e ir k a n k e p a d a P e r p u s t a k a a n U n i v e r s ti a s S a n a t a D h a r m a h a k u n t u k m e n y i m p a n , m e n g a il h k a n d a l a m b e n t u k m e d i a l a i n , m e n g e l o l a n y a d a l a m b e n t u k p a n g k a l a n d a t a , m e n d i s t ir b u s i k a n s e c a r a t e r b a t a s , d a n m e m p u b il k a s i k a n n y a d i i n t e r n e t a t a u m e d i a l a i n u n t u k k e p e n it n g a n a k a d e m i s t a n p a p e lr u m e m i n t a i ij n d a r i s a y a m a u p u n m e m b e ir k a n r o y a tl y k e p a d a s a y a s e l a m a t e t a p m e n c a n t u m k a n n a m a s a y a s e b a g a i p e n u il .s D e n g a n d e m i k i a n p e r n y a t a a n i n i s a y a b u a t d e n g a n s e b e n a r n y a .

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  N o v i a n it , M a ir a N i a y u R i s m a . (

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  1 1 ) . M r . L e w si h a m ’ s C o n f il c t s i n H i s M a r r i a g e

  

L fi e a s R e lf e c t e d i n H . G . W e ll s ’ L o v e a n d M r . L e w i s h a m . Y o g y a k a tr a : E n g il s h

  E d u c a it o n S t u d y P r o g r a m , D e p a tr m e n t o f L a n g u a g e a n d A r t E d u c a it o n , F a c u tl y o f T e a c h e r s T r a i n i n g a n d E d u c a it o n , S a n a t a D h a r m a U n i v e r s ti y .

  T h i s s t u d y d i s c u s s e s b o t h i n t e r p e r s o n a l a n d i n rt a p e r s o n a l c o n f il c t s w h i c h a r e f a c e d b y M r . L e w i s h a m i n h i s m a r ir a g e l fi e i n H . G W e ll s ’ L o v e a n d M r .

  L e w i s h a m .

  T h e n o v e l t e ll s a b o u t a y o u n g m a n w h o d e c i d e s t o g e t m a r ir e w d h li e h e i s p u r s u i n g h i s d r e a m t o b e a p r o f e s s o r . H o w e v e r , h i s l fi e i s m y e s s w h e n e h c f a e s m a n y c o n f il c t s d u e t o h i s r o l e s a s a y o u n g h u s b a n d a s w e l l a s a s t u d e n .t

  T h e r e a r e t w o p r o b l e m s f o r m u l a t e d i n t h i s s t u d y . T h e f ri s t p r o b l e m i s h o w M r . L e w i s h a m i s d e s c ir b e d . T h e s e c o n d p r o b l e m i s h o w M r . L e w i s h a m s o l v e s s h i c o n f il c t s i n h i s m a r ir a g e l fi e .

  T o a n s w e r t h e p r o b l e m s , t h e t h e o r y o f c h a r a c t e r a n d c h a r a c t e ir z a it o n , t h e p s y c h o l o g i c a l a p p r o a c h , t h - e s o c i a l h i s t o ir c a l a p p r o a c h , t h e o r y o f m a r ir a g e , a n d c o n f il c t t h e o r y a r e a p p il e d . T h e m e t h o d o f t h i s s t u d y w a s il b r a r y r e s e a r c h . T h e p ir m a r y s o u r c e o f t h i s s t u d y w a s H . G W e ll s ’ L o v e a n d M r . L e w i s h a m . T h e s e c o n d a r y s o u r c e s w e r e f r o m s e v e r a l b o o k s w h i c h s u p p o tr t h i s s t u d y .

  B a s e d o n t h e a n a l y s i s , M r . L e w i s h a m i s d e s c ir b e d a s a w - e ll o r g a n i z e d , d o u b ft u l , a n d s e n s i it v e p e r s o n . H e f a c e s b o t h i n t e r p e r s o n a l a n d i n rt a p e r s o n a l c o n f il c t s i n h i s l fi e . H i s i n t e r p e r s o n a l c o n f il c t s i n v o l v e C h a f f e r y a n d E t h e .l H i s c o n f il c t s w ti h C h a f f e r y a r e a b o u t h i s s u d d e n m a r ir a g e a n d C h a f f e r y ’ s j o b . H i s c o n f il c t w ti h E t h e l i s a b o u t j e a l o u s y . W h e r e a s , h i s i n rt a p e r s o n a l c o n f il c t s a r e a n a p p r o a c h a p p r o a c h c o n f il c t a b o u t c - h o o s i n g h i s s t u d y o r m a r ir a g e , f o ll o w e d b y a d o u b l e a p p r o - a c h a v o i d a n c e c o n f il c t , a n d a n a p p r o a c h a - v o i d a n c e c o n f il c t a b o u t l e a v i n g E t h e l o r n o t . T o s o l v e h i s i n t e r p e r s o n a l c o n f il c t , h e a p p il e s n e g o it a it o n w ti h b o t h C h a f f e r y a n d E t h e .l H o w e v e r , h e a l s o a p p il e s i d e n t ti y d e v e l o p m e n t , i n it m a c y , a n d e x i t e s p e c i a ll y w ti h E t h e l . T o s o l v e h i s i n rt a p e r s o n a l c o n f il c t s a b o u t c h o o s i n g h i s s t u d y o r m a r ir a g e , h e a p p il e s a d d i n g c o g n i it o n . T o s o l v e h i s i n rt a p e r s o n a l c o n f il c t a b o u t l e a v i n g E t h e l o r n o t , h e a p p il e s c h a n g i n g c o g n i it o n .

  K e y w o r d s : i n t e r p e r s o n a l c o n f il c t , i n rt a p e r s o n a l c o n f il c ,t n e g o it a it o n , a d d i n g c o g n i it o n , c h a n g i n g c o g n i it o n v ii

  

A B S T R A K

  N o v i a n it , M a ir a N i a y u R i s m a . (

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  1 1 ) . M r . L e w si h a m ’ s C o n f il c t s i n H i s M a r r i a g e

  

L fi e a s R e lf e c t e d i n H . G W e ll s ’ L o v e a n d M r . L e w i s h a m . Y o g y a k a tr a : P r o g r a m

  S t u d i P e n d i d i k a n B a h a s a I n g g ir s , J u r u s a n B a h a s a d a n S e n i , F a k u tl a s K e g u r u a n d a n lI m u K e p e n d i d i k a n , U n i v e r s ti a s S a n a t a D h a r m a .

  S t u d i i n i m e m b a h a s t e n t a n g k o n f il k p e r o r a n g a n m a u p u n k o n f il k b a it n y a n g d i a l a m i o l e h M r . L e w i s h a m d a l a m p e r n i k a h a n n y a d i n o v e l L o v e a n d M r . L e w i s h a m k a r a n g a n H . G . W e ll s . N o v e l i n i b e r c e r ti a m e n g e n a i s e o r a n g l a k i - k l i a m u d a y a n g m e m u t u s k a n u n t u k m e n i k a h k e it k a d i a m a s i h m e n g e j a r m i m p i n y a u n t u k m e n j a d i s e o r a n g p r o f e s s o r . N a m u n , h i d u p n y a m e n j a d i b e r a n t a k a n k e t i k a m e n g h a d a p i b e r b a g a i m a s a l a h a t a s p e r a n n y a s e b a g a i s e o r a n g s u a m i d a n m u ir d .

  A d a d u a m a s a l a h d a l a m s t u d i i n i . P e tr a m a a d a l a h b a g a i m a n a p e n g g a m b a r a n s o s o k M r . L e w i s h a m . K e d u a a d a l a h b a g a i m a n a M r . L e w i s h a m m e n g a t a s i b e r b a g a i k o n f il k d a l a m p e r n i k a h a n n y a .

  U n t u k m e n j a w a b k e d u a p e r m a s a l a h a n t e r s e b u t , t e o r i k a r a k t e r d a n p e n o k o h a n , p e n d e k a t a n p s i k o l o g i , p e n d e k a t a n s o s i a l s e j a r a h , t e o r i p e r n i k a h a n , d a n t e o r i k o n f il k d ti e r a p k a n . M e t o d e y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h s t u d i p u s t a k a . S u m b e r u t a m a d a r i s t u d i i n i a d a l a h n o v e l L o v e a n d M r . L e w i s h a m k a r a n g a n H . G W e ll s . S u m b e r k e d u a a d a l a h b e b e r a p a b u k u y a n g m e n u n j a n g s t u d i i n i .

  B e r d a s a r k a n a n a il s i s , M r . L e w i s h a m d i g a m b a r k a n s e b a g a i s e s e o r a n g y a n g t e r t a t a , m p e b i m b a n g , d a n p e k a . D i a j u g a m e n g h a d a p i b a i k k o n f il k p e o r a n g a n d a n k o n f il k b a it n . K o n f il k n y a d e n g a n o r a n g l a i n m e il b a t k a n C h a f f e r y d a n E t h e l . K o n f il k n y a d e n g a n C h a f f e r y a d a l a h m e n g e n a i p e r n i k a h a n n y a y a n g it - b a it b a d a n p e k e jr a a n C h a f f e r y . K o n f il k n y a d e n g a n E t h e l a d a l a h t e n t a n g k e c e m b u r u a n . S e d a n g k a n k o n f il k

  • - b a it n y a n g d i a l a m i n y a a d a l a h a p p r o a c h a p p r o a c h c o n f il c t

  d a l a m m e m i il h s e k o l a h a t a u m e n i k a h y a n g d ii k u t i o l e h d o u b l e a p p r o a c h - a v o i d a n c e

c o n f il c t , d a n a p p r o a c - h a v o i d a n c e c o n f il c t u n t u k m e n i n g g a l k a n E t h e l a t a u it d a k .

U n t u k m e n g a t a s i k o n f il k n y a d e n g a n o r a n g l a i n , d i a m e l a k u k a n n e g o s i a s i b a i k d e n g a n C h a f f e r y d a n E t h e l . N a m u n d i a j u g a m e n e r a p k a n i d e n t ti y d e v e l o p m e n t ,

  i n it m a c y , a n d e x ti

  , t e r u t a m a d e n g a n E t h e l . U n t u k m e n g a t a s i k o n f il k b a it n n y a d a l a m a d d i n g c o g n i it o n . m e m i il h s e k o l a h a t a u p e r n i k a h a n n y a , d i a m e n e r a p k a n U n t u k m e n y e l e s a i k a n k o n f il k b a it n n y a u n t u k m e n i n g g a l k a n E t h e l a t a u it d a k , d i a

  c h a n g i n g c o g n i it o n m e n e r a p k a n .

  K a t a k u n c i : k o n f il k p e r o r a n g a n , k o n f il k b a it n , n e g o s i a s ,i a d d i n g c o g n i it o n ,

  c h a n g i n g c o g n i it o n

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A K C N O W L E D G M E N T S

  I w o u l d il k e t o t h a n k m y S a v i o u r , J e s u s C h ir s ,t f o r H i s b l e s s i n g . W ti h H i s g u i d a n c e , I c a n if n i s h m y s t u d y w e ll . I a m v e r y g r a t e f u l b e c a u s e H e i s a l w a y s b e s i d e e m f o r il s t e n i n g t o m y p r a y e r s .

  M y s p e c i a l g r a t ti u d e a l s o g o e s t o m y f a t h e r ,

  I G d e P u t u W a s p a d a , m y m o t h e r S r i H a r d a n i , a n d m y b i g b r o t h e r P u t u R i z k i S a p u rt a . T h e y a l w a y s s u p p o r t a n d c o m f o r t m e t o w o r k h a r d e r . I w li l n e v e r f o r g e t t h e i r c a r e a n d l o v e t h a t t h e y h a v e g i v e n t o m e .

  I a m a l s o g r a t e f u l t o h a v e D r s . L . B a m b a n g H e n d a tr o Y , M . H u m . a s m y a d v i s o r f o r h i s g u i d a n c e a n d e n c o u r a g e m e n t . B e c a u s e o f h i m , I c a n d o m y t h e s i s w e ll t h r o u g h h i s s u g g e s it o n s . I w o u l d a l s o t h a n k a ll l e c t u r e r s o f E n g il s h E d u c a it o n

  L a n g u a g e P r o g r a m o f S a n a t a D h a r m a U n i v e r s ti y f o r t h e i r k i n d n e s s a n d w li il n g n e s s t o s h a r e t h e i r k n o w l e d g e . I a l s o t h a n k P B I a n d F K

  I P s e c r e t a ir a t , a n d a l s o a l l il b r a r y s t a f f s f o r t h e ri s e r v i c e t h e y g a v e d u ir n g m y s t u d y .

  I a m r e a ll y t h a n k f u l f o r h a v i n g R i k a , V e n a , a n d K i it n a s m y b e s t f ir e n d s .

  I t h a n k t h e m b e c a u s e t h e y a l w a y s b e c o m e m y s i s t e r s . W ti h t h e ri l o v e , I n e v e r f e e l a l o n e a n d

  I f e e l s rt o n g e r t h a n b e f o r e . N , e x t m y g r a t ti u d e i s a l s o f o r m y f ir e n d s S u s i , A i , K e k e , N i n g g a r , A r u m ,

  P i p ti , T ti o , E c h a , P a t ir k , E k o , a n d a ll f ir e n d s w h o a l w a y s w o r k a n d s t u d y t o g e t h e r w ti h m e . F r o m t h e ri f ir e n d s h i p , I h a v e l e a r n t m a n y t h i n g s t o m a k e m e b e tt e r d u ir n g m y s t u d y . I a m v e r y b l e s s e d t o h a v e m a n y f ir e n d s il k e t h e m .

  T h e n , m y b i g g r a t ti u d e i s f o r m y f ir e n d s i n W i s m a B a h a s a E n g il s h . I t h a n k t h e m b e c a u s e I h a v e m a n y g o o d e x p e ir e n c e s i n t e a c h i n g . T h e y a l s o b e c o m e g o o d i x il s t e n e r s t o m e w h e n I h a v e s o m e d fi if c u l it e s . I r e a ll y a p p r e c i a t e t h e i r h e l p t o m e . L a s t b u t n o t l e a s t , I w o u l d a l s o t h a n k t h o s e w h o a r e n o t m e n it o n e d h e r e f o r t h e i r s u p p o tr s t o m o it v a t e e m t o b e c o m e e a b tt e r p e r s o n .

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I D N E P P A F O T S

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  ) … 5 ( … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

  . C s ll e W G . H f o s e r u t c i P )

  … 8 ( … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter consists of five parts. The first part is the background of the

  study which gives a reason for choosing the novel. The second part is problem formulation which describes the problems which will be analyzed. The third part is the objectives of the study to state the purpose of the study undertaken related to the problem formulation. The fourth part is the benefit of the study which explains the contribution of this study to the readers generally. The last part is the definitions of terms to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation.

A. Background of the Study

  For all couples, marriage symbolizes a holy bond between a man and a woman. Marriage, establishing a home, and landing a good position are social correlatives for happiness and fulfillment which represent personal enrichment and success; they stand for it, in a way (Henkle, 1977, p. 36). That is why there is no doubt that when a couple has a commitment to live together, they are demanded to have a responsibility as a husband and a wife.

  In a marriage, the couple loves each other and love gives the power or some motivation to their life. Love gives an affection of living together for any condition, bad or good. When both spouses live in one roof, there is something that cannot be avoided, namely conflict. The conflict that happens between a husband and a wife is called interpersonal conflict or if it happens within him/herself is called intrapersonal conflict. Sometimes, a husband and a wife need their own time, to reflect what he/she wants actually.

  As a young married couple, a man and a woman usually have a little picture of what marriage is. It can be because of their youth. Niwano (as cited in Dhammananda, 1995, p. 25) says that young people in love usually think and do sweet and romantic things. Their minds are still full of pleasurable things to please each other. However the way they think and do at dating cannot reflect the real life of a marriage because in marriage, they will face many problems that they have not imagined at dating previously. So, it means that they have not been ready to take a big responsibility for a marriage. Living together as a husband and a wife means that life is not always full of romantic sides. When they are quarrelling, they will know the other’s sides or the other’s characteristics, weaknesses or bad habits that they did not know while dating.

  When the young couples come to a transition of life after they get married, they should prepare many things. They not only share about their love and affection but also many others. The more they spend their time in one roof, the more demands that they want or need. Niwano also says that

  "When the time of dates, emotional pictures, dances, and parties has passed, the young married couples will have to live together, share meals, and reveal to each other their defects as well as their merits. They will have to spend more than half of their life each day together; this kind of living makes demands that are different from the less exacting needs of dating and first love. (as cited in Dhammananda, 1995, p. 26).

  It can be seen that when the young couple begins a serious relationship, there is one thing that must be realized that is to become mature people. It means that, they have to be responsible for taking care of each other, fulfilling some living needs, especially if they have children.

  Novel as one of genres of literature can portray human life experience as discussed above. The story may affect the readers emotionally. Eastman (1995) argues that novel “is a fictitious account of human life, told in a prose on a large scale, and so constructed as to give the reader emotional and intellectual pleasure of a designed quality” (p. 5). It means that a novel gives stimulus to the readers to react or respond what happens in the novel as it reflects life experiences.

  This portrait of life is also reflected in Mr. Lewisham, the main character, in the novel entitled Love and Mr. Lewisham written by H.G. Wells. As a young man of eighteen years old, he has many dreams to realize. At his young age, he is married to a girl named Ethel. Both of them actually are idealists. He wants to be someone more than just an assistant master at Whortley proprietary school as a science teacher. He works hard to pay the tuition for his schooling. However, Ethel emphasizes that he should pay more attention to their marriage life. In fact, when they are married, he only has little money. His salary actually is not enough for both of them but it is not a matter of money that can be a problem. Here, he has an interest in Socialism and he cannot share his interest with Ethel easily but only with Alice Heydinger who can understand and appreciate his ideas. He is also surprised to know that Alice has an interest in poetry. Both of them become best friends and often talk about their interests to each other.

  Here, the readers can see how Mr. Lewisham decides to keep his marriage but he seems doubtful even though he has a deep love for Ethel since they meet for the first time. He realizes that marriage is not as simple as it looks. Even though he is married to Ethel, all of his desires or dreams are totally focused on his schooling to achieve his dream as a teacher. However, he gives up his efforts. He decides to work only for his marriage financial income.

  This way of life gives the readers, especially the youth, a lesson of how getting married at young age will not be beneficial for them. It does not mean that marriage totally breaks young people’s dream, but marriage, once again, is a long lasting relationship so people need to do it at the right age and time. Because of this, I am interested in analyzing Mr. Lewisham’s conflicts in his marriage life as reflected in H.G Wells’ Love and Mr. Lewisham.

B. Problem Formulation

  As seen in the background of the study previously, it can be drawn up some problems formulation related to the Mr. Lewisham’s conflicts in his marriage life.

  There are two questions which can be analyzed:

  1. How is Mr. Lewisham described in H.G. Wells’ Love and Mr. Lewisham?

  2. How does Mr. Lewisham solve his conflicts in his marriage life as reflected in H.G. Wells’ Love and Mr. Lewisham? C.

   Objectives of the Study This study is aimed to answer the questions in the problems formulation.

  There are three objectives for this study which are to find out how Mr. Lewisham is described, what Mr. Lewisham’s conflicts are, and how Mr. Lewisham solves his conflicts in his marriage life as reflected in H.G. Wells’ Love and Mr. Lewisham.

  D. Benefits of the Study

  This study gives benefits to the readers of this novel. They can learn how to solve the problems in a marriage life and how young people can keep their marriages when they are still ambitious to reach their dreams. It also presents the meaning of marriage when they want to start to begin the new life together with someone they love.

  Through the characters in this novel, the readers can see that it is not easy to build the relationship, especially to make a new family. It is because there are many things to prepare and how some couples shares what they have each other. The readers also learn how a husband and a wife must adjust their characteristics, habits, the way of thinking, especially when they have a problem each other.

  E. Definition of Terms

  There are some terms in this study are defined to avoid the misunderstanding. They are:

  1. Conflict Thomas says that conflict is " a process that originates when one individual perceives that another party has frustrated, or is about to frustrate some goal or concern of his or hers” (as cited in Borisoff and Victor, 1989, p. 1). It means that conflict happens in many or various situations. It depends on what kind of problems some people face or deal. The conflict that they should solve must be some pros and cons between or among others when they interact each other or within themselves to reach the final agreement or decision.

  2. Marriage Marriage is “an essentially private, intimate, emotional relationship created by two people for their own personal reason to entrance their own personal being

  (Gallagher, 2002, p. 3). It means that marriage is a private relationship between a husband and a wife where they can express their intimacy and emotion to maintain their relation. Through this way, their relationship becomes more intense so that they can express their feelings freely.

  3. Victorian Age The Victorian age “referring to the Queen Victoria’s reign, from 1837 to

  1901, was a period of drastic political, economic, and social exchange” (Schluter, 2008, p. 1). During Industrial Revolution in Victorian age, the social life in England changed. Men and women had an equal position. Women could work as typists, secretaries, etc. They also could study until university. Some men and women, especially from the middle class, were not married at the young age but at the older age due to the jobs that they worked.

   

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter consists of four parts. The first part is a review of related

  studies to show other studies of the same novel Love and Mr. Lewisham with different topics. The second part is a review of related theories that presents critical approach, theory of character and characterization, theories of conflict, and theory of marriage. The third part is a review of historical background to explain Victorian Age as the setting of the novel. The fourth part is a theoretical framework that explains how those theories are applied to analyze the problem formulated.

A. Review of Related Studies

  There are three studies of the same novel conducted by three undergraduate students of Sanata Dharma University. The first study is from Anna Kus Saparti in 2004. Her study is about The Influence Two Female Characters towards Mr.

  

Lewisham’s Life in H.G. Wells’ Love and Mr. Lewisham. The writer discusses three

  points in his study. First is the characteristics of two female characters, who are Ethel Henderson and Alice Heydinger, in the story. Second is the influences of two female characters in Mr. Lewisham’s life. Third is how Ethel Henderson can lead Mr. Lewisham to his failure in life.

  The second study is from Mateus Budhi Prabowo in 2005. His study is about The Analysis on Message in H.G. Wells Love and Mr. Lewisham Seen

  

through Mr. Lewisham’s Character Development . The writer discusses three main

  points in his study. First is how Mr. Lewisham’s characteristics change through his

  7 attitude toward ‘love’. Second is how other main characters influence Mr. Lewisham’ characteristics development. Third are some messages which are presented in the novel from the main character’s characteristics.

  The third study is from Ika Krisnawati Kurniadi in 2007. Her study is about

  

Love Needs as The Obstruction of Mr. Lewisham’s Achievement Motivation in

H.G. Wells’ Love and Mr. Lewisham. The writer discusses two points in his study.

  First is how Mr. Lewisham’s achievement motivation is portrayed. Second are the factors that obstruct Mr. Lewisham’s achievement motivation and the results.