ART Banu W.Yohanes A Survey on 4g Full text
A SURVEY ON ../G NETWORKS AND COMPOSITE RADIO ENVIRONMENT
Banu W. Yohanes
A SURVEY ON 4G NETWORKS AND COMPOSITE RADIO
ENVIRONMENT
Banu W. Yohanes
lJt:pLUUH.:Hl vl Ut:t:UUlllC illltl lomputer tngmeermg. ｾｏＮｈＩｩＡ＠
WilCi..IHil UHI!>llilll
UniYersity
Jl Diponegoro 52-60 Salat1ga 5071!
email bonayo a;gmail. com
Abstract
I
ｾ＠
In the wireless communications conununity \Ye are witnessing more and more
the existence of the composiTe radio environment (CRE) and as a consequence the
need
for reconfigurability concepts
based
on cognitive.
coopemtiYe.
and
opportunistic algoritluns. This paper describes the fundamentals of 4G networks and
CRE by designing a management system for the CRE (MS-CRE) component which
attached to each nehYork. It also presents an analysis of protocol booster as an
element of the reconfiguration in 4G nenvorks. Based on experimental research for
the networks. it sho\\s that protocol boosters have potential to improYe protocol
perfo nuance.
Keywords: -IG netvrork\·, composiTe radio environment (( 'REJ. proTocol boosTer
1.
Introduction
The CRE assumes that different radio networks can be cooperating components
in a heterogenous wireless access infrastructure. through \Yhich nehvork pro,·iders
can more efficiently achieve the required capacity and quality of sen·ice (QoS)
leYels. ReconfigurabiJity enables terminals and nehYork elements dynamically to
select and adapt to the most appropriate radio access technologies for handling
conditions encountered in specific sen·ice area regions and time zones of the day.
Both concepts pose ne\Y reqmrements on the management of \\treless systems.
107
1
Techne Jurnal Umiah Elektroteknika Vol.
1
)
No.2 Oktober 2010 Hal 107
A SURVEY ON -IU NETWORKS ANIJ COMPOSITE RAIJlO ENVIRONMENT
Banu W Yohanes
123
Nowadays. a multiplicity of radio access teclmology (RAT) standards are used in
'kRS(lf
tl('l\\'tXb
"ireless communications. As shown in Figure ! .. these technologies can be rough!:
!: COMPO.\'TTE RA/JlO ENVIRONMENT
Banu W Yolwnes
Techne Jurnol Ilmiuh Elektroteknika Vol 9 No. 2 Oktober 20 l 0 Hal I 07 - 123
References
4. Discussion and further development
4 o wireless
[I]
net\Yorks might be using a spatial notching (angle a) to suppress
Palaiseau. France. 1992.
completely antenna radiation to\Yards the user. as illustrated in Figure I o. These
i:>
uu! uu ＮＺＢＧＬ［ｾ＠
"·-'. '"
the access point a multihop conununication. "Ith the possibiht: of relayutg.
b
R. Kalden. I. Meirick. and M_ Meyer. Wireless Internet access based on GPRS.
[2}
solutions "ill be referred to as -green wireless networks- for ob\ious reasons ln
order to ensure the connectiYity Ill the case when alllt::HUil iuU...:
M_ Mouh and M -8. Pautet. 1l1e GSM .\vstern fin- Mohilc CommJI/11('(//1011S.
!F/·T Pen
\ol7 110 :?. April 2000. pp X-IX
f'nnm11111
1' 1
Ｓｾ＼
[4]
P Mogensen. We1 Na. L Z KoYacs. F. Frederiksen. A Pokhari\ al. K I
required In addition. to reduce the oYerall transnul power a cooperati\ e transtmt
Ｑ＠
Generation Pm·tnership Project OGPPt http:/1\Y\\W 1gpp org
Pedersen. T Kolding. K Hugl and M. Kuusela. L TE capacity compared to the
diYersity and adaptiYe medium access control {MAC) protocol can be used
Sha1mon bound. in VehJcnlar Technolo:.;;y Con{. 22-25 April 2007. pp 1234l23X.
[51
H Holma_ A Toskala. K Rantha-aho_ and J Pirskanen. H1gh-speed packet
access e\olution in 3GPP Release 7 {Topics in Radio Conununications]. IEEE
\
lw
Comnum Mag. Yol. 45. no. 12. December 2007. pp. 29-35 .
ＮｩｾＸ［Ｚ＠
'
).--.·."··.·.··.·.
'
f6J
.,
broadband access. in
[7]
'
ｾＮｴＧ＠
Figure IO
A Racz. A TemesYary. N. Reider. Hando\'er performance in 3GPP long term
1-5 July 20tH. pp. l-5.
.
/·ＭＬｾ＠ . ｾ＠
(8]
'l
M. Valkama. L Anttila and M_ Renfors. Some radio implementation challenges
in 3G-LTE context. in Signal Processing Adnnces in Wireless Conunun ..
UEE 8'1' Workshop on SPA WC 2007. 17-20 June. pp. 1-5
1 . Tl1l ·ee-dtinensional amplitude patterns of a hYo-element umform
amplitude array for d=2i,. directioned tO\Yards (a)
8"
on Telecommun. Techno-Economics. 14-15 June
eYolution (LTE) systems. in Mobile ru1d Wireless Commun. Summit 16th IST.
.
(
ｃＰＱｾｬ＠
2007.pp. !-7.
2
.
"'Ｍｾ＠ "-
A Hoikkanen. A techno-economic analysis of 3G long-term e\olution for
= 60
8o
=o·
[9]
PhYsical Layer performance of long term e-rolution m cellular technology.
lbJ
amplitude
｡ｲｾ＠
-: - o.
J. Berkmam1. C. Carbonelli. F. Dietrich. C. Drewes. and Wen Xu. On 3G LTE
terminal implementation
2 Three-dimensional runplitude patterns of a ten-element uniform
f'.01- d=,'J4. directioned towards (a) ･ｾ＠
111
J r/" JST A1ohile and Wireless Commun. Summit. J -5 July 2007. pp. l-5.
[JO]
:
J J. Sanchez. D. Morales-Jimenez. G Gomez and J. T Enbrambasaguas.
standards. algorithms. complexities. and challenges.
in Internal tonal Wireless Commun and Mobile Computing Conl!W'CA1C '08.
(b)
()-X August 200X. pp 970-975.
1111
C. Sp1egeL J Berkmann_ Zijian Ba'. T Scholand. and C Dre\\ es. MIMO
schemes m UTRA L TE a comparison. in IEEE VehJculor rechnoloi:.l' Conl.
J J-14 Mm 2008. pp.222X-2232.
121
Tcclme Jurnal JJmiah Elcktroteknika Vol.
'J
No 2 Oktober 2010 Hal 107- 123
A SURVEY ON .I(; NETWORKS AND COMPO.\'ITE RADIO ENVIRONMENT
Bur111 W Yohuncs
The booster increases the protocol performance because it reduces the ACK
of the network adds parity packets. The FZC booster at the receiYer side
latency and allmYs faster transmission for a giYen "indow size.
remo,·es the parity packets and regenerates missing data packets. The FZC
One-element congestion control booster for TCP
3.
Congestion control reduces buffer oYerflo\\ loss ｢ｾﾷ＠
booster can be applied bet\\ een any t\YO points in a net\York (including the end
reducing the transmission
systems). If applied to an IP. then a sequence number booster adds sequence
is congested. A TCP transmitter deduces
number information to the data packets before the first FZC booster Tf applied
information about net\\ork congestion by exammmg ackno\\ledgments (ACKs)
to TCP (or any protocol "·ith sequence number information)_ then the FZC
sent by the TCP receiYer If the transmitter sees se,·eral AC Ks "ith the same
booster can be more efficient because:
sequence number. then it assumes that network congestion caused a loss of data
a1
it does not need to add sequence numbers.
messages. If congestion is noted in a subnet. then a control booster could
b1
it could add ne" parity information on TCP retrm1smission (rather than
r:Jt
Banu W. Yohanes
A SURVEY ON 4G NETWORKS AND COMPOSITE RADIO
ENVIRONMENT
Banu W. Yohanes
lJt:pLUUH.:Hl vl Ut:t:UUlllC illltl lomputer tngmeermg. ｾｏＮｈＩｩＡ＠
WilCi..IHil UHI!>llilll
UniYersity
Jl Diponegoro 52-60 Salat1ga 5071!
email bonayo a;gmail. com
Abstract
I
ｾ＠
In the wireless communications conununity \Ye are witnessing more and more
the existence of the composiTe radio environment (CRE) and as a consequence the
need
for reconfigurability concepts
based
on cognitive.
coopemtiYe.
and
opportunistic algoritluns. This paper describes the fundamentals of 4G networks and
CRE by designing a management system for the CRE (MS-CRE) component which
attached to each nehYork. It also presents an analysis of protocol booster as an
element of the reconfiguration in 4G nenvorks. Based on experimental research for
the networks. it sho\\s that protocol boosters have potential to improYe protocol
perfo nuance.
Keywords: -IG netvrork\·, composiTe radio environment (( 'REJ. proTocol boosTer
1.
Introduction
The CRE assumes that different radio networks can be cooperating components
in a heterogenous wireless access infrastructure. through \Yhich nehvork pro,·iders
can more efficiently achieve the required capacity and quality of sen·ice (QoS)
leYels. ReconfigurabiJity enables terminals and nehYork elements dynamically to
select and adapt to the most appropriate radio access technologies for handling
conditions encountered in specific sen·ice area regions and time zones of the day.
Both concepts pose ne\Y reqmrements on the management of \\treless systems.
107
1
Techne Jurnal Umiah Elektroteknika Vol.
1
)
No.2 Oktober 2010 Hal 107
A SURVEY ON -IU NETWORKS ANIJ COMPOSITE RAIJlO ENVIRONMENT
Banu W Yohanes
123
Nowadays. a multiplicity of radio access teclmology (RAT) standards are used in
'kRS(lf
tl('l\\'tXb
"ireless communications. As shown in Figure ! .. these technologies can be rough!:
!: COMPO.\'TTE RA/JlO ENVIRONMENT
Banu W Yolwnes
Techne Jurnol Ilmiuh Elektroteknika Vol 9 No. 2 Oktober 20 l 0 Hal I 07 - 123
References
4. Discussion and further development
4 o wireless
[I]
net\Yorks might be using a spatial notching (angle a) to suppress
Palaiseau. France. 1992.
completely antenna radiation to\Yards the user. as illustrated in Figure I o. These
i:>
uu! uu ＮＺＢＧＬ［ｾ＠
"·-'. '"
the access point a multihop conununication. "Ith the possibiht: of relayutg.
b
R. Kalden. I. Meirick. and M_ Meyer. Wireless Internet access based on GPRS.
[2}
solutions "ill be referred to as -green wireless networks- for ob\ious reasons ln
order to ensure the connectiYity Ill the case when alllt::HUil iuU...:
M_ Mouh and M -8. Pautet. 1l1e GSM .\vstern fin- Mohilc CommJI/11('(//1011S.
!F/·T Pen
\ol7 110 :?. April 2000. pp X-IX
f'nnm11111
1' 1
Ｓｾ＼
[4]
P Mogensen. We1 Na. L Z KoYacs. F. Frederiksen. A Pokhari\ al. K I
required In addition. to reduce the oYerall transnul power a cooperati\ e transtmt
Ｑ＠
Generation Pm·tnership Project OGPPt http:/1\Y\\W 1gpp org
Pedersen. T Kolding. K Hugl and M. Kuusela. L TE capacity compared to the
diYersity and adaptiYe medium access control {MAC) protocol can be used
Sha1mon bound. in VehJcnlar Technolo:.;;y Con{. 22-25 April 2007. pp 1234l23X.
[51
H Holma_ A Toskala. K Rantha-aho_ and J Pirskanen. H1gh-speed packet
access e\olution in 3GPP Release 7 {Topics in Radio Conununications]. IEEE
\
lw
Comnum Mag. Yol. 45. no. 12. December 2007. pp. 29-35 .
ＮｩｾＸ［Ｚ＠
'
).--.·."··.·.··.·.
'
f6J
.,
broadband access. in
[7]
'
ｾＮｴＧ＠
Figure IO
A Racz. A TemesYary. N. Reider. Hando\'er performance in 3GPP long term
1-5 July 20tH. pp. l-5.
.
/·ＭＬｾ＠ . ｾ＠
(8]
'l
M. Valkama. L Anttila and M_ Renfors. Some radio implementation challenges
in 3G-LTE context. in Signal Processing Adnnces in Wireless Conunun ..
UEE 8'1' Workshop on SPA WC 2007. 17-20 June. pp. 1-5
1 . Tl1l ·ee-dtinensional amplitude patterns of a hYo-element umform
amplitude array for d=2i,. directioned tO\Yards (a)
8"
on Telecommun. Techno-Economics. 14-15 June
eYolution (LTE) systems. in Mobile ru1d Wireless Commun. Summit 16th IST.
.
(
ｃＰＱｾｬ＠
2007.pp. !-7.
2
.
"'Ｍｾ＠ "-
A Hoikkanen. A techno-economic analysis of 3G long-term e\olution for
= 60
8o
=o·
[9]
PhYsical Layer performance of long term e-rolution m cellular technology.
lbJ
amplitude
｡ｲｾ＠
-: - o.
J. Berkmam1. C. Carbonelli. F. Dietrich. C. Drewes. and Wen Xu. On 3G LTE
terminal implementation
2 Three-dimensional runplitude patterns of a ten-element uniform
f'.01- d=,'J4. directioned towards (a) ･ｾ＠
111
J r/" JST A1ohile and Wireless Commun. Summit. J -5 July 2007. pp. l-5.
[JO]
:
J J. Sanchez. D. Morales-Jimenez. G Gomez and J. T Enbrambasaguas.
standards. algorithms. complexities. and challenges.
in Internal tonal Wireless Commun and Mobile Computing Conl!W'CA1C '08.
(b)
()-X August 200X. pp 970-975.
1111
C. Sp1egeL J Berkmann_ Zijian Ba'. T Scholand. and C Dre\\ es. MIMO
schemes m UTRA L TE a comparison. in IEEE VehJculor rechnoloi:.l' Conl.
J J-14 Mm 2008. pp.222X-2232.
121
Tcclme Jurnal JJmiah Elcktroteknika Vol.
'J
No 2 Oktober 2010 Hal 107- 123
A SURVEY ON .I(; NETWORKS AND COMPO.\'ITE RADIO ENVIRONMENT
Bur111 W Yohuncs
The booster increases the protocol performance because it reduces the ACK
of the network adds parity packets. The FZC booster at the receiYer side
latency and allmYs faster transmission for a giYen "indow size.
remo,·es the parity packets and regenerates missing data packets. The FZC
One-element congestion control booster for TCP
3.
Congestion control reduces buffer oYerflo\\ loss ｢ｾﾷ＠
booster can be applied bet\\ een any t\YO points in a net\York (including the end
reducing the transmission
systems). If applied to an IP. then a sequence number booster adds sequence
is congested. A TCP transmitter deduces
number information to the data packets before the first FZC booster Tf applied
information about net\\ork congestion by exammmg ackno\\ledgments (ACKs)
to TCP (or any protocol "·ith sequence number information)_ then the FZC
sent by the TCP receiYer If the transmitter sees se,·eral AC Ks "ith the same
booster can be more efficient because:
sequence number. then it assumes that network congestion caused a loss of data
a1
it does not need to add sequence numbers.
messages. If congestion is noted in a subnet. then a control booster could
b1
it could add ne" parity information on TCP retrm1smission (rather than
r:Jt