FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN “THE BROKEN WINGS” BY KAHLIL GIBRAN : A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE Figurative Language in The Broken Wings By Kahlil Gibran a PragmaticPerspective.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN “THE BROKEN WINGS”
BY KAHLIL GIBRAN : A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
Proposed by:
GINANJAR ARDY WASKITHA
A 320 100 274
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
APPROVAL
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN “THE BROKEN WINGS”
BY KAHLIL GIBRAN : A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
by:
GINANJAR ARDY WASKITHA
A 320 100 274
Approved to be examined by Consultant
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Dr. Maryadi, M. A
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum
NIP: 1958 03 04 1986 03 1001
NIK : 225
ii
ACCEPTANCE
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN “THE BROKEN WINGS”
BY KAHLIL GIBRAN : A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE
by:
GINANJAR ARDY WASKITHA
A 320 100 274
Accepted by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiners:
1. Dr. Maryadi, M. A
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Chair Person)
2. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum
(Secretary)
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D.
(Member)
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum
NIP. 196504281199303001
iii
TESTIMONY
I hereby assert that there is no plagiarism in this research paper. There is
no other work that has been submitted to obtain the bachelor degree and as far as I
concerned there is no opinion that has been written or published before, except the
written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the
bibliography.
Because, if it proven in the future dealing with my statement above, I will
be fully responsible.
Surakarta, 26 October 2015
The Researcher
Ginanjar Ardy Waskitha
A 320100274
iv
MOTTO
“That which does not kill us makes us stronger.”
~ Friedrich Nietzsche
“Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.”
~ Will Durant
“The sun is gone, but I have a light.”
~ Kurt Cobain
“Lebih baik terlambat daripada tidak sama sekali.”
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is especially dedicated to:
1. The Greatest Allah SWT
2. His beloved parents
3. His beloved big family
4. His beloved friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum wr.wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’aalamiin, great thanks to Allah SWT, the most
gracious and merciful. His blessings can never be calculated or measured, so that
the writer can finish this research paper entitled “FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE IN “THE BROKEN WINGS” BY KAHLIL
GIBRAN: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE”. And also thanks for the
great prophet Muhammad SAW, peace be upon him, who brings the Muslim from
the darkness into the brightness.
The writer realizes that the research paper cannot be finished without
many helps and supports from several people. Thus, the writer would like to
express his earnest gratitude for the following persons:
1.
Dr. Maryadi, M. A as the first consultant, who has given his time to guide,
advice, and share much knowledge patiently to the writer until this research
paper finished.
2.
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum, as the second consultant, who has given
his time to correct the grammatical structure of the research paper.
3. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko P, as the Dean of School of Teaching Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4.
All lectures of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta especially English
Department who has helped and guided the researcher in many ways. Also his
deepest thanks for all of their beneficial knowledge that has taught to the
researcher.
5.
His beloved parents, Bambang Sudarmono, SH., and Umi Puji Astuti, S.Pd,,
thanks for their amazing love, prayer, support until today, and make me
understand that Allah is the highest aim of life.
6. His beloved brother, sister, and Deppoy for all his prayer until today.
vii
7. His partner in crime, Ajeng and Fika for every support.
8. His best friends in campus,Adin Widhiatma, Acep Nugroho, Danang Budi
MU, Tunjung Wulandari, M. Iqbal, and others friend cannot be mention for
making her life become more colorful and give me new experience.
9. His best friends in boardinghouse, Rizky, Kholid, Arga, Sandy thank for jokes
and attentions.
10. All of the people, who cannot be mentioned one by one, for everything.
Deep down on the researcher’s heart, this research paper quite far way from
perfection since nobody is perfect. Hopefully, this research paper will be useful
for the readers and prospective researchers.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, 26 October 2015
Ginanjar Ardy Waskitha
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................ .................
i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................... .................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................. .................
iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................. .................
iv
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... .................
v
DEDICATION................................................................................................ .................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. .................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... .................
ix
LIST OF FIGURE........................................................................................ ..... .................
xi
LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................. .................
xii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... .................
xiii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study....................................................................................... 1
B. Problem Statement................................................................................................ 4
C. Objective of the Study........................................................................................... 4
D. Benefit of the Study............................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Underlying Theory ............................................................................................... 6
1. Notion of Pragmatics....................................................................................... 6
a. Pragmalinguistics........................................................................................ 6
b. Sociopragmatics.......................................................................................... 7
2. Pragmatic Principles.......................................................................................
8
3. Notion of Figurative Language....................................................................... 13
4. Type of Figurative Language......................................................................... 14
5. Speaking Theory ............................................................................................. 21
6. The Broken Wings by Kahlil Gibran.............................................................. 22
B. Previous Study .................................................................................................. .. 24
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research................................................................................................. 27
B. Object of Research.............................................................................................. 27
ix
C. Data and Data Source.......................................................................................... 27
D. Technique and Collecting Data........................................................................... 28
E. Technique of Analyzing Data............................................................................. 28
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Finding ....................................................................................................... 29
1. The Type of Figurative Language ....................................................................... 29
2. The Intention of Figurative Language ................................................................. 46
B. Discussion of The Finding........................................................................................ 109
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 117
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................................... 118
BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................. 119
APPENDIX........................................................................................................................
x
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 4. 1 : The Percentages of Figurative Language.................................................... 46
Figure 4. 2 : The Percentages of Intention........................................................................ 94
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 : Types of Figurative Language....................................................................... 110
Table 4.2 : The Intention of Figurative Language......................................................... 112
xii
ABSTRACT
Ginanjar Ardy Waskitha/ A320100274. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN “THE BROKEN
WINGS” BY KAHLIL GIBRAN : A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE. Research Paper.
School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
October, 2015.
This study is about figurative language. This research is a descriptive qualitative
research in which the objective is to describe the actual user of language for communication.
The objectives of this research are: To identify the types of figurative language used in The
Broken Wings by Kahlil Gibran; and to examine the intention of figurative language used in
The Broken Wings by Kahlil Gibran. The data of the research is the sentence that contains a
figurative language in Kahlil Gibran’s novel. The data taken from The Broken Wings by
Kahlil Gibran. There were 70 sentences of figurative language. It shows Simile 40 sentences
(57%), Personification 15 sentences (22%), Metaphor 2 sentences (3%), Metonymy 10
sentences (14%), and Synecdoche 3 sentences (4%). There are 51 sentences are Assertive
(73%); 4 sentences are Directive (6%), content of advice; 3 sentences are Commisive (4%);
11 sentence are expressive (16%); and 1 sentence is Declaration (1%).
Keywords: figurative language, intention of figurative language
xiii
BY KAHLIL GIBRAN : A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor
Degree of Education in English Department
Proposed by:
GINANJAR ARDY WASKITHA
A 320 100 274
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
APPROVAL
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN “THE BROKEN WINGS”
BY KAHLIL GIBRAN : A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE
RESEARCH PAPER
by:
GINANJAR ARDY WASKITHA
A 320 100 274
Approved to be examined by Consultant
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Dr. Maryadi, M. A
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum
NIP: 1958 03 04 1986 03 1001
NIK : 225
ii
ACCEPTANCE
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN “THE BROKEN WINGS”
BY KAHLIL GIBRAN : A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE
by:
GINANJAR ARDY WASKITHA
A 320 100 274
Accepted by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Team of Examiners:
1. Dr. Maryadi, M. A
(
)
(
)
(
)
(Chair Person)
2. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum
(Secretary)
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph. D.
(Member)
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum
NIP. 196504281199303001
iii
TESTIMONY
I hereby assert that there is no plagiarism in this research paper. There is
no other work that has been submitted to obtain the bachelor degree and as far as I
concerned there is no opinion that has been written or published before, except the
written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the
bibliography.
Because, if it proven in the future dealing with my statement above, I will
be fully responsible.
Surakarta, 26 October 2015
The Researcher
Ginanjar Ardy Waskitha
A 320100274
iv
MOTTO
“That which does not kill us makes us stronger.”
~ Friedrich Nietzsche
“Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.”
~ Will Durant
“The sun is gone, but I have a light.”
~ Kurt Cobain
“Lebih baik terlambat daripada tidak sama sekali.”
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is especially dedicated to:
1. The Greatest Allah SWT
2. His beloved parents
3. His beloved big family
4. His beloved friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum wr.wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’aalamiin, great thanks to Allah SWT, the most
gracious and merciful. His blessings can never be calculated or measured, so that
the writer can finish this research paper entitled “FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE IN “THE BROKEN WINGS” BY KAHLIL
GIBRAN: A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE”. And also thanks for the
great prophet Muhammad SAW, peace be upon him, who brings the Muslim from
the darkness into the brightness.
The writer realizes that the research paper cannot be finished without
many helps and supports from several people. Thus, the writer would like to
express his earnest gratitude for the following persons:
1.
Dr. Maryadi, M. A as the first consultant, who has given his time to guide,
advice, and share much knowledge patiently to the writer until this research
paper finished.
2.
Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M. Hum, as the second consultant, who has given
his time to correct the grammatical structure of the research paper.
3. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko P, as the Dean of School of Teaching Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4.
All lectures of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta especially English
Department who has helped and guided the researcher in many ways. Also his
deepest thanks for all of their beneficial knowledge that has taught to the
researcher.
5.
His beloved parents, Bambang Sudarmono, SH., and Umi Puji Astuti, S.Pd,,
thanks for their amazing love, prayer, support until today, and make me
understand that Allah is the highest aim of life.
6. His beloved brother, sister, and Deppoy for all his prayer until today.
vii
7. His partner in crime, Ajeng and Fika for every support.
8. His best friends in campus,Adin Widhiatma, Acep Nugroho, Danang Budi
MU, Tunjung Wulandari, M. Iqbal, and others friend cannot be mention for
making her life become more colorful and give me new experience.
9. His best friends in boardinghouse, Rizky, Kholid, Arga, Sandy thank for jokes
and attentions.
10. All of the people, who cannot be mentioned one by one, for everything.
Deep down on the researcher’s heart, this research paper quite far way from
perfection since nobody is perfect. Hopefully, this research paper will be useful
for the readers and prospective researchers.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, 26 October 2015
Ginanjar Ardy Waskitha
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ............................................................................................................ .................
i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................... .................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................. .................
iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................. .................
iv
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... .................
v
DEDICATION................................................................................................ .................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. .................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................... .................
ix
LIST OF FIGURE........................................................................................ ..... .................
xi
LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................. .................
xii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... .................
xiii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study....................................................................................... 1
B. Problem Statement................................................................................................ 4
C. Objective of the Study........................................................................................... 4
D. Benefit of the Study............................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Underlying Theory ............................................................................................... 6
1. Notion of Pragmatics....................................................................................... 6
a. Pragmalinguistics........................................................................................ 6
b. Sociopragmatics.......................................................................................... 7
2. Pragmatic Principles.......................................................................................
8
3. Notion of Figurative Language....................................................................... 13
4. Type of Figurative Language......................................................................... 14
5. Speaking Theory ............................................................................................. 21
6. The Broken Wings by Kahlil Gibran.............................................................. 22
B. Previous Study .................................................................................................. .. 24
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of Research................................................................................................. 27
B. Object of Research.............................................................................................. 27
ix
C. Data and Data Source.......................................................................................... 27
D. Technique and Collecting Data........................................................................... 28
E. Technique of Analyzing Data............................................................................. 28
CHAPTER IV : RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Finding ....................................................................................................... 29
1. The Type of Figurative Language ....................................................................... 29
2. The Intention of Figurative Language ................................................................. 46
B. Discussion of The Finding........................................................................................ 109
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 117
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................................... 118
BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................. 119
APPENDIX........................................................................................................................
x
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 4. 1 : The Percentages of Figurative Language.................................................... 46
Figure 4. 2 : The Percentages of Intention........................................................................ 94
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 : Types of Figurative Language....................................................................... 110
Table 4.2 : The Intention of Figurative Language......................................................... 112
xii
ABSTRACT
Ginanjar Ardy Waskitha/ A320100274. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN “THE BROKEN
WINGS” BY KAHLIL GIBRAN : A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE. Research Paper.
School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
October, 2015.
This study is about figurative language. This research is a descriptive qualitative
research in which the objective is to describe the actual user of language for communication.
The objectives of this research are: To identify the types of figurative language used in The
Broken Wings by Kahlil Gibran; and to examine the intention of figurative language used in
The Broken Wings by Kahlil Gibran. The data of the research is the sentence that contains a
figurative language in Kahlil Gibran’s novel. The data taken from The Broken Wings by
Kahlil Gibran. There were 70 sentences of figurative language. It shows Simile 40 sentences
(57%), Personification 15 sentences (22%), Metaphor 2 sentences (3%), Metonymy 10
sentences (14%), and Synecdoche 3 sentences (4%). There are 51 sentences are Assertive
(73%); 4 sentences are Directive (6%), content of advice; 3 sentences are Commisive (4%);
11 sentence are expressive (16%); and 1 sentence is Declaration (1%).
Keywords: figurative language, intention of figurative language
xiii