KERAJINAN BATIK KAYU DI JINO DESA JARUM KECAMATAN BAYAT KABUPATEN KLATEN

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  SKRIPSI Oleh: KURNIA JUNI ASTARINI K 3208039 FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA April 2013 Saya yang bertandatangan dibawah ini: Nama : Kurnia Juni Astarini NIM : K3208039 Jurusan/ Program Studi : PBS/ Pendidikan Seni Rupa

  Menyatakan bahwa skripsi saya KERAJINAN BATIK KAYU DI ini benar-benar merupakan hasil karya sendiri. Selain itu, sumber informasi yang dikutip dari penulis lain telah disebutkan dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam daftar pustaka. Apabila pada kemudian hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan skripsi ini hasil jiplakan, saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan saya.

  Surakarta, April 2013 Yang membuat pernyataan

  Kurnia Juni Astarini

  commit to user commit to user KERAJINAN BATIK KAYU PRODUKSI JINO DI DESA JARUM KECAMATAN BAYAT KABUPATEN KLATEN Oleh: KURNIA JUNI ASTARINI K 3208039 Skripsi Ditulis dan diajukan untuk memenuhi syarat mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Program Pendidikan Seni Rupa Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA April 2013

  PERSETUJUAN

  Skripsi ini telah disetujui untuk dipertahankan di hadapan Tim Penguji Skripsi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.

  Persetujuan Pembimbing Surakarta, 16 April 2013

  Pembimbing I Pembimbing II Drs. Margana, M.Sn. Nanang Yulianto, S.Pd., M. Ds

  NIP. 196006121991031001 NIP.197408062006041002

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  PENGESAHAN

  Skripsi ini telah dipertahankan di hadapan Tim Penguji Skripsi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta dan diterima untuk memenuhi syarat mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Pendidikan.

  Hari : Tanggal : Tim Penguji Skripsi Nama Terang Tanda Tangan Ketua : Dr. Slamet Supriyadi, M.Pd 1. . . . . . . . . .

  NIP. 19621110 198903 1 003 Sekretaris : Dra. My. Ning Yuliastuti, M.Pd 2 . . . . . . . . . . NIP. 195807051987022001 Anggota I : Drs. Margana, M.Sn. 3. . . . . . . . . . NIP. 196006121991031001 Anggota II : Nanang Yulianto, S.Pd., M. Ds 4. . . . . . . . . . NIP. 197408062006041002 Disahkan oleh : Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Prof. Dr. H. M. Furqon Hidayatullah, M.Pd NIP. 19600727 198702 1 001

  commit to user commit to user MOTTO

  Tetap tersenyum, berusaha, semangat, dan berdoa untuk meraih cita- TUHAN itu lebih baik dari renc

• adikku Anissa Arum Sari, Lailatul Rahma serta Keluarga Besar Padmo Suwiryo

  commit to user PERSEMBAHAN

  Teriring syukurku pada-Mu, ku persembahkan karya ini kepada:

  Terimakasih atas Doa, dukungan dan kasih sayang yang tiada terputus, kerja keras pengorbanan dan perjuanagn yang tak terbatas. Tiada kasih sayang yang seindah dan seabadi kasih sayangmu.

  Terimakasih karena senantiasa memberi dukungan, dorongan dan memotifasi langkahku dengan perhatian dan semangat disaat ku tegar berdiri maupun saat ku jatuh.

  ABSTRAK

  Kurnia Juni Astarini. KERAJINAN BATIK KAYU PRODUKSI JINO DI DESA JARUM KECAMATAN BAYAT KABUPATEN KLATEN, Skripsi. Surakarta: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, April 2013.

  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Latar belakang berdirinya kerajinan batik kayu produksi Jino di Desa Jarum, Kecamatan Bayat, Kabupaten Klaten. (2) Proses produksi kerajinan batik kayu produksi Jino di Desa Jarum, Kecamatan Bayat, Kabupaten Klaten. (3) Jenis-jenis kerajinan yang dihasilkan Jino Batik di Desa Jarum Kecamatan Bayat, Kabupaten Klaten. (4) Faktor yang menjadi pendukung dan penghambat dalam proses pembuatan kerajinan batik kayu produksi Jino. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Jino Batik yang terletak di Desa Jarum, Kecamatan Bayat, Kabupaten Klaten mulai bulan Januari sampai dengan April 2013.

  Strategi yang digunakan adalah studi kasus tunggal terpancang. Sumber data yang digunakan meliputi (1) Informan, (2) Tempat dan peristiwa, dan (3) Dokumen arsip. Informan yang dipilih antara lain tokoh masyarakat (Lurah, Bapak Tugino), pemilik rumah industri (Bapak Sajino dan Ibu Sadremi), dan pekerja. Sumber data dokumentasi berupa kerajinan bati kayu, alat, bahan produksi, dan data monografi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive

  sampling . Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan strategi

  penelitian studi kasus tunggal terpancang. Keabsahan data dicapai dengan menggunakan triangulasi data dan review informant. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis interaktif.

  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan (1) Latar belakang berdirinya Jino Batik berawal dari banyaknya minat konsumen untuk membeli produk bati kayu milik bapak Sajino dan untuk melestarikan batik di Desa Jarum. Kerajinan batik kayu di Desa Jarum muncul sejak tahun 1995 dengan tehnik

  visual yang mirip dengan membuat batik kain, hanya saja batik kayu dibuat diatas

  kayu. Seiring berkembangnya jaman bapak Sajino berinovasi membuat produk batik kayu, produk mulai berkembang dan berfariasi sebagai upaya untuk menjaga eksistensi pengrajin yang bernilai ekonomi. (2) Proses kerajinan batik kayu produksi Jino dilakukan tahap persiapan (desain, alat, bahan, teknik), tahap proses (proses penyeketan desain, pencantingan, pewarnaan, nglorod) dan finishing (Shanding Sealer,Clear Gloss, Clear Dof). (3) Jenis produk yang dihasilkan berupa cinderamata dan produk terap (gantungan kunci, kotak tisu, hiasan dinding, aneka binatang, vas bunga, cermin, sangkar burung). (4) Faktor penghambat meliputi: permodalan, SDM, peralatan, bahan baku,cuaca, sedangkan faktor pendukung meliputi: kreatifitas, semangat kerja dan semangat berkreasi.

  Kata kunci: kerajinan, batik, kayu, alat produksi, proses produksi

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  ABSTRACT

  Kurnia Juni Astarini. WOODEN BATIK HANDICRAFT, THE PRODUCTS OF JINO IN JARUM VILLAGE BAYAT SUB DISTRICT KLATEN REGENCY, Thesis. Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, April 2013.

  This study aimed to find out: (1) the background of the establishment of wooden batik handicraft, the products of Jino in Jarum Village, Bayat Sub District, Klaten Regency. (2) The production process of wooden batik handicraft, the products of Jino in Jarum Village, Bayat Sub District, Klaten Regency. (3) The kinds of handicraft produced by Jino Batik in Jarum Village, Bayat Sub District, Klaten Regency. (4) Some supporting and obstructing factors in the in Jino Batik, which was located in Jarum Village, Bayat Sub District, Klaten Regency, from January until March 2013.

  The strategy used in this study was single embedded case study. The data sources used in this study included: (1) informants, (2) places and events, and (3) document files. Some informants selected in this study were public figures, the owners of industry house, and employees. The documentation data sources were wooden batik handicraft, some devices, production materials, and monograph data. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The method used was descriptive qualitative by a research strategy of single embedded case study. The data validity was achieved by using interactive analysis.

  Based on the result of this study, it could be concluded that (1) The background of the establishment of Jino Batik began with the excessive quantity purpose to maintain batik in Jarum Village. The wooden batik handicraft in Jarum Village had been appearing since 1995 by visual technique that was similar to the producing of batik cloth, where the wooden batik was made on a wood. Along with the development of society, Mr. Sajino had begun some innovations by making some developments and variations for the wooden batik products, as an effort to maintain the existence of the craftsman and to give economic values. (2) stages: preparation stage (designing, devices, materials, and techniques), process stage (design sketching process, pencantingan, coloring, nglorod) and finishing stage (Shanding Sealer, Clear Gloss, Clear Dof). (3) The kinds of product produced were souvenirs and application products (key hanger, tissue box, wall decoration, animal decorations, flower vase, bird cage). (4) The obstructing factors included financial capital, Human Resources, devices, raw materials, weather), whereas the supporting factors consisted of creativity, work enthusiasm, and creating enthusiasm. Keywords: handicraft, wooden batik, production devices, production process

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  DA FTAR ISI

  HALAMAN JUDUL ....................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ........................................................................ ii HALAMAN PENGAJUAN ............................................................................ iii HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ......................................................................... iv HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .......................................................................... v HALAMAN MOTTO ..................................................................................... vi HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ..................................................................... vii HALAMAN ABSTRAK ................................................................................. viii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR BAGAN ......................................................................................... xviii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... xix KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... xx

  BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah ..........................................................

  1 B. Perumusan Masalah .................................................................

  4 C. Tujuan Penelitian .....................................................................

  4 D. Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................

  4 BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA A. Pengertian Kerajinan ................................................................

  6 B. Pengertian Kerajinan Batik Kayu ............................................ 7

  C. Proses pembuatan Batik Kayu .................................................. 9

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  1. Alat ..................................................................................... 9

  2. Bahan .................................................................................. 18

  3. Proses Pembentukan Kayu ................................................. 31

  4. Proses Pembatikan .............................................................. 31

  D. Penelitian yang relevan ............................................................ 33

  E. Kerangka Berpikir ................................................................... 33

  BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN A. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................. 36 B. Pendekatan dan Jenis Penelitian .............................................. 36 C. Data dan Sumber Data ............................................................. 37 D. Teknik Sampling (cuplikan) .................................................... 38 E. Pengumpulan Data ................................................................... 38

  1. Wawancara ........................................................................ 39

  2. Observasi Lapangan .......................................................... 39

  3. Dokumen/ Arsip ................................................................ 40

  F. Uji Validasi Data ..................................................................... 40

  1. Triangulasi Data ................................................................ 40

  2. Review informan ............................................................... 40

  G. Analisis Data ........................................................................... 41

  1. Reduksi Data ..................................................................... 41

  2. Sajian Data ......................................................................... 41

  3. Penarikan Kesimpulan dan Verifikasi ............................... 42

  H. Prosedur Penelitian .................................................................. 42

  1. Tahap Pralapangan ............................................................ 42

  2. Tahap Observasi ................................................................ 42

  3. Tahap Analisis Data .......................................................... 43

  4. Tahap Penyusunan Laporan .............................................. 43

  BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Deskripsi lokasi Desa Jarum ................................................... 44

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  B. Latar Belakang Berdirinya Kerajinan Batik Kayu Produksi Jino .......................................................................................... 46

  C. Proses Pembuatan Kerajinan Batik Kayu Produksi Jino Batik di Desa Jarum Kecamatan Bayat Kabupaten Klaten ...................................................................................... 53

  1. Persiapan Alat-alat Produksi ............................................... 54

  2. Persiapan Bahan-bahan Yang Digunakan ........................... 70

  3. Proses Pembuatan Batik kayu ............................................. 75

  D. Jenis-jenis Produk yang Dihasilkan Jino Batik Di Desa Jarum Kecamatan Bayat Kabupaten Klaten ...................................... 95

  E. Faktor Hambatan dan Pendukung Dalam Proses Produksi Batik Kayu Jino ................................................................................. 108

  BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI, DAN SARAN A. Simpulan .................................................................................. 111 B. Implikasi .................................................................................. 113 C. Saran ........................................................................................ 113 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 115 LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................... 118

  DAFTAR TABEL Tabel

  Halaman

  1. Tabel 4.1 Jumlah Penduduk Desa Jarum ................................................ 45

  2. Tabel 4.2 Komposisi Jumlah Penduduk ................................................ 45

  3. Tabel 4.3 Daftar Nama Pegawai Jino Batik............................................ 51

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  DAFTAR GAMBAR

  Gambar Halaman

  1. Gambar 2.1 Gergaji, Pahat, Pisau Raut .................................................... 10

  2. Gambar 2.2 Canting ................................................................................. 11

  3. Gambar 2.3 Wajan ................................................................................... 12

  4. Gambar 2.4 Anglo .................................................................................... 12

  5. Gambar 2.5 Kompor ................................................................................ 12

  6. Gambar 2.6 Bak Celup ............................................................................. 13

  7. Gambar 2.7 Panci ..................................................................................... 13

  8. Gambar 2.8 Penghapus dan Pensil ........................................................... 14

  9. Gambar 2.9 Ijuk ....................................................................................... 14

  10. Gambar 2.10 Dingklik .............................................................................. 15

  11. Gambar 2.11 Belanga ............................................................................... 15

  12. Gambar 2.12 Celemek ............................................................................. 16

  13. Gambar 2.13 Kuas ................................................................................... 16

  14. Gambar 2.14 Sarung tangan ..................................................................... 17

  15. Gambar 2.15 Tongkat kayu ...................................................................... 17

  16. Gambar 2.16 Ember ................................................................................. 18

  17. Gambar 2.17 Gondorukem ....................................................................... 18

  18. Gambar 2.18 Malam Microwax ............................................................... 19 19. Gambar 2.19 Malam Tawon ....................................................................

  20

  20. Gambar 2.20 Malam Paraffin .................................................................. 21

  21. Gambar 2.21 Malam Mata kucing ........................................................... 21 22. Gambar 2.22 Malam Gladagan ................................................................

  22 23. Gambar 2.23 Kunyit Salimin ...................................................................

  23

  24. Gambar 2.24 Temulawak/ curcuma ......................................................... 23

  25. Gambar 2.25 Gambir ............................................................................... 23 26. Gambar 2.26 Pinang .................................................................................

  24

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  27. Gambar 2.27 Soga ....................................................................................

  24

  28. Gambar 2.28 Pencampuran Naptol .......................................................... 25

  29. Gambar 2.29 Kayu Mahoni ...................................................................... 27 30. Gambar 2.30 Kayu Sonokeling ................................................................

  28 31. Gambar 2.31 Kayu Sunkai .......................................................................

  28

  32. Gambar 2.32 Kayu Pulai .......................................................................... 29

  33. Gambar 2.33 Kayu Jati ............................................................................ 30 34. Gambar 2.34 Kayu Sengon ......................................................................

  30 35. Gambar 4.1 Rumah produksi Jino Batik tampak dari depan ...................

  49

  36. Gambar 4.2 Denah rumah produksi Jino Batik ......................................... 50

  37. Gambar 4.3 Kompor minyak dan wajan .................................................. 54 38. Gambar 4.4 Kompor gas dan tabung gas .................................................

  54 39. Gambar 4.5 Canting .................................................................................

  55

  40. Gambar 4.6 Dingklik ................................................................................ 55

  41. Gambar 4.7 Pensil dan penghapus ........................................................... 56 42. Gambar 4.8 Celemek ...............................................................................

  56 43. Gambar 4.9 Drum perebusan/ penglorotan malam ..................................

  57

  44. Gambar 4.10 Sarung tangan ..................................................................... 57

  45. Gambar 4.11 Ember dan bak pewarna ..................................................... 58 46. Gambar 4.12 Bak pencucian produk ........................................................

  59 47. Gambar 4.13 Peralatan membuat produk wayang kayu ..........................

  60

  48. Gambar 4.14 Kuas ................................................................................... 60

  49. Gambar 4.15 Amplas ............................................................................... 62 50. Gambar 4.16 Kain lap ..............................................................................

  62 51. Gambar 4.17 Kompresor ..........................................................................

  63

  52. Gambar 4.18 Mesin amplas ..................................................................... 63

  53. Gambar 4.19 Gergaji manual, Gergaji mesin, Scrollsaw, Jigsaw ............ 64 54. Gambar 4.20 Mesin Profil ........................................................................

  65 55. Gambar 4.21 Palu .....................................................................................

  66

  56. Gambar 4.22 Mesin Bur ........................................................................... 66

  57. Gambar 4.23 Alat serut ............................................................................ 67

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  58. Gambar 4.24 Mesin disel .........................................................................

  67 59. Gambar 4.25 Kayu bakar .........................................................................

  68

  60. Gambar 4.26 Keranjang ........................................................................... 68

  61. Gambar 4.27 Gayung, Gayung berlubang, Serok .................................... 69 62. Gambar 4.28 Malam ................................................................................

  70 63. Gambar 4.29 ASBO, ASG, Kostik, HCL (cair) .......................................

  71

  64. Gambar 4.30 Pewarna Naptol .................................................................. 71

  65. Gambar 4.31 Pewarna Indigosol .............................................................. 72 66. Gambar 4.32 Air Panas ............................................................................

  72 67. Gambar 4.33 Termikom ...........................................................................

  73

  68. Gambar 4.34 Soda Api ............................................................................. 73

  69. Gambar 4.35 Lem Perekat Kayu .............................................................. 74 70. Gambar 4.36 Shanding Sealer, Clear Gloss, Clear dof ...........................

  74 71. Gambar 4.37 Proses Pemotongan Kayu Menggunakan Scrollsaw ..........

  75

  72. Gambar 4.38 Proses Pengamplasan Kayu Menggunakan Mesin ............. 76

  73. Gambar 4.39 Proses Menyambung Kayu ................................................ 76 74. Gambat 4.40 Proses Memahat Produk Wayang .......................................

  77 75. Gambar 4.41 Bahan Baku ........................................................................

  78

  76. Gambar 4.42 Mendesain Pola Batik Bermotif Kawung .......................... 79

  77. Gambar 4.43 Desain Motif Bunga Pada Mangkok .................................. 79 78. Gambar 4.44 Pembuatan Warna Untuk di Colet ke Produk ....................

  80 79. Gambar 4.45 Pemberian Warna Dasar Indigosol ....................................

  80

  80. Gambar 4.46 Proses Pemberian HCL Nitrit, Pencucian dan Pengeringan Produk ............................................................. 81

  81. Gambar 4.47 Proses Pencantingan yang Pertama Secara full ................. 82

  82. Gambar 4.48 Pencantingan Pertama Untuk Menutup/ Mengambil Warna Pertama ...............................................................................

  82

  83. Gambar 4.49 Pelapisan Dasar Menggunakan Cairan BO, Kostik, Air Panas ............................................................................ 83

  84. Gambar 4.50 Pemberian warna dasar/ warna gelap ................................. 83

  85. Gambar 4.51 Pemberian Warna Menggunakan Garam Naptol ............... 84

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  86. Gambar 4.52 Pencelupan HCL ................................................................ 84 87. Gambar 4.53 Proses Nglorod dan Pencucian yang Pertama ....................

  85

  88. Gambar 4.54 Proses Nglorod dan Pencucian Kedalam Air Bersih ......... 86

  89. Gambar 4.55 Proses Pengeringan Produk Mangkok ............................... 87 90. Gambar 4.56 Pengeringan Produk Menongan .........................................

  87 91. Gambar 4.57 Hasil Penjemuran/ Pengeringan Produk Menonga .............

  88

  92. Gambar 4.58 Ngrining ............................................................................. 88

  93. Gambar 4.59 Mewarna Background ........................................................ 89 94. Gambar 4.60 Nglorod ...............................................................................

  89

  95. Gambar 4.61 Pemberian Obat Anti Serangga .......................................... 90

  96. Gambar 4.62 Proses Penjemuran atau Pengeringan ................................. 90

  97. Gambar 4.63 Hasil yang Sudah Kering ................................................... 91 98. Gambar 4.64 Proses finishing ..................................................................

  92 99. Gambar 4.65 Pengemasan Produk ...........................................................

  93 100. Gambar 4.66 Tokoh Pewayangan ............................................................ 95 101. Gambar 4.67 Gantungan Kunci ............................................................... 96 102. Gambar 4.68 Dakon .................................................................................

  97 103. Gambar 4.69 Vas Bunga ..........................................................................

  98 104. Gambar 4.70 Mobil VW Kodok .............................................................. 98 105. Gambar 4.71 Tempat Buah ...................................................................... 99 106. Gambar 4.72 Mantenan ............................................................................ 100 107. Gambar 4.73 Topeng ............................................................................... 101 108. Gambar 4.74 Sovenir Aneka Binatang .................................................... 102 109. Gambar 4.75 Tempat AL- ............................................................ 103 110. Gambar 4.76 Tempat Tisu ....................................................................... 104 111. Gambar 4.77 Sandal ................................................................................. 105 112. Gambar 4.78 Cermin Punokawan ............................................................ 106 113. Gambar 4.79 Sangkar Burung .................................................................. 107 114. Gambar 4.80 Gelang Bambu .................................................................... 108

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  DAFTAR BAGAN

  Bagan Halaman

  1. Bagan 2.1 Skema Kerangka Berpikir ....................................................... 35

  2. Bagan 2.2 Model Analisis Interaktif ........................................................ 42

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