Table 4.1 The Description of Pre Test Scores of the Data Achieved by the Students in Experiment Group
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Data Findings
1. The Result of Pre Test of Experiment Group
62
71 C20
68
74
57 C19
59
55
64 C18
65 C17
66
65
67
63
57 C16
59
55
63 C15
61
69
67 C21
58 C14
60
68
66
70
64 C26
62
66
60 C25
60
67
61 C24
62
60
65 C23
63
67
66 C22
65
65
In this section, it was described the data obtained of pre test of experiment group. The pre test was taken on Saturday, 3 rd
May 2014 at
64 C03
60
60
65 C05
65
65
66 C04
67
65
66
61
62
65 C02
67
63
C01
Rater 1
Rater 2 Final Score Table 4.1 The Description of Pre Test Scores of the Data Achieved by the Students in Experiment Group Students’ Code12.00 – 13.30 in class X-7. They were 35 students who followed this test. The pre test scores of the experiment group were presented in table 4.1.
60 C06
63
60
56
69 C13
67
71
67 C12
65
69
58 C11
60
68 C10
62 C07
66
70
59 C09
60
58
70 C08
68
72
56 C28
66
62 C33
The figure 4.1 showed the pre test scores of students of experiment
group. It can be seen that there was a student got score 55, 59, 63, 69, 70,
and 71. There were two students got score 57, 60, 61, 62, 66, and 68.
There were three students got score 58 and 67. There were five students
got score 64. And there were six students got score 65. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 55 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 The Frequency Distribution of Pre Test Figure 4.1 Histogram of Frequency Distribution of Pre Test Scores of Experiment Group58 The distribution of students’ pre test scores of experiment group can also be seen in the following figure.
60
56
67 C35
65
69
64 C34
62
66
60
64
64
55 C32
57
53
61 C31
63
59
64 C30
62
66
65 C29
Scores of Experiment Group
Table 4.2 The Table of Calculation of Mean, Standard Deviation, and Standard Error of Mean of Pre Test Scores in Experiment Group Using SPSS 21 Programs
Statistics
Score Valid
35 N Missing
Mean 63,43 Std. Error of Mean ,675 Median 64,00 Mode
65 Std. Deviation 3,995 Variance 15,958 Range
16 Minimum
55 Maximum
71 Sum 2220 2.
The Result of Pre Test of Control Group In this section, it was described the data obtained of pre test of th control group. The pre test was taken on Thursday, 24 April 2014 at
10.00 – 11.30 in class X-1. They were 35 students who followed this test. The pre test scores of the control group were presented in table 4.3.
Table 4.3 The Description of Pre Test Scores of the Data Achieved by the Students in Control Group Students’ Rater 1 Rater 2 Final Score CodeC01
56
60
58 C02
57
61
59 C03
61
63
62 C04
67
63
65 C05
53
55
54 C06
60
60
60 C07
65
61
70
61 C28
59
63
65 C27
63
67
60 C26
59
69 C29
73 C25
71
75
62 C24
60
64
58 C23
59
68
66
64 C22
69 C33
62
66
60 C35
60
60
53 C34
54
52
68
68
70
70 C32
70
70
71 C31
69
73
67 C30
57
66
61
65 C11
60
64
58 C13
56
60
58 C12
59
57
63
69
67
68 C10
66
70
60 C09
61
59
63 C08
62 C14
65
62
64
67 C21
64
70
64 C20
62
66
63 C19
62
64 C18
67 C15
62
66
61 C17
59
63
63 C16
62
64
64 The distribution of students’ pre test scores of experiment group can also be seen in the following figure.
The Frequency Distribution of PreTest
3.5 4.5 4 Scores of Control Group 2.5 1.53 2 0.5
1 53 54 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 67 68 69 70 71 73 Figure 4.2 Histogram of Frequency Distribution of Pre Test Scores of Control
Group The figure 4.2 showed the pre test scores of students of control
group. It can be seen that there was a student got score 53, 54, 59, 68, 70,
71 and 63. There were two students got score 61 and 79. There were three
students got score 62, 63, 65, and 67. There were four students got score
58, 60, and 64.Table 4.4 The Table of Calculation of Mean, Standard Deviation, and Standard Error of Mean of Pre Test Scores in Control Group Using SPSS 21 Program Statisticsscore Valid
35 N Missing
Mean 63,06 Std. Error of Mean ,777 Median 63,00 a Mode
58 Std. Deviation 4,595 Variance 21,114 Range
20 Minimum
53 Maximum
73 Sum 2207
3. The Result of Post Test of Control Group
In this section, it was described the obtained data of improvement the students’ writing scores after taught without using Mind Mapping
technique. The post test was taken on Saturday, 31 May 2014 at 10.00
11.30 in class X-1 . They were 35 students who followed this test. The post test scores of the control group were presented in table 4.5.- – st
68
66
67 C01
71
65
68 C02
71
69
70 C03
70
68
69 C04
70
64
67 C05
69
65
70 C06 C07
72
73
71 C29
71
71
71 C28
69
73
72 C27
63
68 C26
69
66
70
79 C25
77
81
68 C24
64
72
73
71 C30
67
66 C34
2 4 6 8 79 76 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 64 The Frequency Distribution of Post
distribution of students’ post test scores can also be seen in the following figure.
71 The
69
73
72 C35
70
74
59
77
69
70 C33
69
71
73 C32
72
74
74 C31
71
73 C23
71
70
65
66 C14
64
68
64 C13
60
66
66 C12
61
67 C11
66
65
69
76 C10
72
80
71 C09
69
73
71 C08
74
70 C15
72 C22
71 C19
72
72
73 C21
72
74
72 C20
70
74
68
70
74
70 C18
68
72
66 C17
63
67
68 C16
66
Test Scores of Control Group
Figure 4.3 Histogram of Frequency Distribution of Post Test Scores of Control GroupThe figure 4.3 showed the post test scores of students of
control group. It can be seen that there was a student got score 79, 76,
74, 69, and 64. There were three students got score 67 and 73. There
were four students got score 72, 68, and 66. There were five students
got score 70. And there were seven students got score 71.Table 4.6 The Table of Calculation of Mean, Standard Deviation, and Standard
Error of Mean of Post Test Scores in Control Group Using SPSS 21
Programs
Statisticsscore Valid
35 N Missing
Mean 70,09 Std. Error of Mean ,524 Median 70,00 Mode
71 Std. Deviation 3,100 Variance 9,610 Range
15 Minimum
64 Maximum
79 Sum 2453
4. The Result of Post Test of Experimental Group
In this section, it was described the obtained data of improvement the students’ writing scores after taught using Mind Mapping technique.
The post test was taken at Saturday, 31 st
May 2014 at 12.00
- – 13.30 in class X-7. They were 35 students who followed this test. The post test scores of the experimental group were presented in table 4.7.
E01
75
70
76
73 E18
71
75
75 E17
75
82
74 E16
73
75
78 E15
75
81
73 E19
80
71
83 E23
75
73
77
74 E24
71
77
81
81 E20
85
80 E22
79
81
80 E21
78
82
73 E14
75
82
76
82
77 E06
75
79
73 E05
70
81 E04
77 E07
76
86
80 E03
75
85
80 E02
78
72
85
78 E13
71
75
Table 4.7 The Description of Post Test Scores of the Data Achieved by the Students in Experiment Group Students’ Code Rater 1 Rater 2 Final Score76 E12
73
79
72 E11
75
77
80 E10
77
83
82 E09
81
83
81 E08
81 E25
74
78
77
73
75 E33
78
74
76 E34
76
73
77 E35
75
71
70 The distribution of students’ post test scores can also be seen in the following figure
Figure 4.4 Histogram of Frequency Distribution of Post Test Scores of Control GroupThe figure 4.4 showed the post test scores of students of
experiment group. It can be seen that there was a student got score 83,
72 and 70. There were two students got score 82 and 76. There were
three students got score 81, 78, 75, and 74. There were five students
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 83 82 81 80 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 70 The Frequency Distribution of PostTest74 E32
75
72
77 E28
73 E26
83
81
82 E27
80
74
82
78 E31
78
80 E29
80
74
77 E30
80
76
Scores of Experiment Group got score 77. There were six students got score 80. And there were seven students got score.
Table 4.8 The Table of Calculation of Mean, Standard Deviation, and Standard Error of Mean of Post Test Scores in Experiment Group Using SPSS 21 Programs Statisticsscore Valid
35 N Missing
Mean 77,00 Std. Error of Mean ,570 Median 77,00 Mode
80 Std. Deviation 3,369 Variance 11,353 Range
13 Minimum
70 Maximum
83 Sum 2695
5. The Comparison of Final Scores between Control Group and
Experiment Group Based on the data above, it can be seen the comparison in Table 4.9.Table 4.9 The Comparison of Final Scores between Control Group and Experiment Group Control Group Experiment Group80
67
80
68
81
70
73
69
77
67
67
78
79
75
68
73
68
82
71
77
71
80
71
77
74
73
68
74
70
75
64
76
72
77
71
70 Table 4.10
The Comparison of Final Scores between Control and Experiment Group in Statistic Statistics EXPR CTRL
N Valid
35
35 Missing Mean 77,00 70,09 Std. Error of Mean ,570 ,524 Median 77,00 70,00 Mode
80
74
83
77
70
71
81
71
82
76
80
67
72
63
76
63
78
66
73
78
69
68
74
65
75
70
73
71
73
72
81
73
80
72
80
71 Variance 11,353 9,610 Range
13
15 Minimum
70
64 Maximum
83
79 Sum 2695 2453 6.
Testing of Normality and Homogeneity
a. Testing of Normality
One of the requirements in experimental design was the test of normality assumption. Because of that, the writer used SPSS 21 to measure the normality of the data. Test Normality of Pre Test and Post Test Scores were described in Table 4.11.
Table 4.11 Tests of Normalitya
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. pretest ,100 70 ,082 ,975 70 ,172 posttest ,103
70 ,064 ,970 70 ,091
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Description: If respondent > 50 used Kolmogorov-Sminornov If respondent < 50 used Saphiro-Wilk The criteria of the normality test Pre Test and Post Test is if the value of r (probability value/critical value) is higher than or equal to the level of significance alpha defined (r
≥ α = 0.05), it means that, the distribution is normal. Based on the calculation using SPSS 21 above, the value of r (probably value/critical value) from Pre test and Post test of the control group and experimental group in Kolmogorov- a
Sminornov was higher than level of significance alpha used or r = 0.082> 0.05 (Pre Test) and r = 0.064> 0.05 (Post Test) so that the distributions are normal. It meant that the students’ scores of in Pre Test and PostTest had a normal distribution.
b. Testing of Homogeneity
The definition of Homogeneity of Variance is when all the variables in statistical data have the same finite or limited variance.
When homogeneity of variance is equal for a statistical model, a simpler computation approach to analyzing the data can be used due to a low level of uncertainty in the data. Because of that, the writer used SPSS 21 to measure the homogeneity of the data.
Table 4.12 Test of Homogeneity of Variance Levene df1 df2 Sig.Statistic Based on Mean ,120
1 68 ,730 Based on Median ,171
1 68 ,680 score Based on Median and with ,171 1 65,457 ,680 adjusted df Based on trimmed mean ,116
1 68 ,734 From the table output above can be known that the value of significance higher than 0.05 so can be concluded that the data have the same variance or homogene.
B. Data Analysis
1. Testing Hypothesis Using t test Manual Calculation
The writer chose the level of significance in 5%, it mean that the level of significance of the refusal null hypothesis in 5%. The writer decided the level of significance at 5% due to the hypothesis type stated on non-directional (two-tailed test).It meant that the hypothesis cannot directly the prediction of alternative hypothesis. To test the hypothesis of the study, the writer used t-test statistical calculation. First, the writer calculated the standard deviation and the standard error of X
1 and X 2 . It was found the standard deviation and the standard error of PostTest of X 1 and X 2 at the previous data presentation. It was described in Table 4.13.
Table 4.13
TheStandard Deviation and Standard Error of X
1 and X 2 Variable The Standard Deviation The Standard ErrorX 1 3,369 ,570
X 2 3,100 ,524
Description: X : Experimental Group 1 X 2 : Control Group
The table showed the result of the standard deviation calculation of X 1 was 3.369 and the result of the standard error mean
calculation was 0.570. The result of the standard deviation calculation
of X2 was 3.100 and the result of the standard error calculation was 0.524.
The next step, the writer calculated the standard error of the differences mean between X 1 and X 2 as follows:
Standard Error of the Difference Mean scores between Variable I and
Variable II: SE M1 - SE M2 = √ SE - SE =M1 M2
√ SE M1 - SE M2 = √ SE M1 - SE M2 = √ SE - SE = 0.77425835 = 0.774
M1 M2
The calculation above showed the standard error of the differences
mean between X 1 and X 2 was 0.774. Then, it was inserted thet o formula to get the value of t observed as follows: t = o t o = t = o t o = 8,9341085 = 8,934With the criteria: If t (t ) > t , Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. test observed table If t test (t observed ) < t table , Ha is rejected and Ho is accepted.
Then, the writer interpreted the result of t test . Previously, the writer
accounted the degree of freedom (df) with the formula: Df = (N 1 + N 2 ) - 2 = (35 + 35)- – 2 = 68 t table at df 68 at 5% the level of significant = 2,000
The writer chose the level of significance in 5%; it means that the
level of significance of the refusal null hypothesis in 5%. The writer
decided the level of significance at 5% due to the hypothesis typed
stated on non-directional (two-tailed test). It meant that the hypothesis
cannot direct the prediction of alternative hypothesis.The calculation above showed the result of t calculation as in the
test Table 4.14.
Table 4.14 The Result of t testt table Variable t observed Df 5% 1% X -X 8,934 2,000 2,660 1 2
68 Description:
X 1 = Experimental Group
X 2 = Control Group t observed = The Calculated Value t = The Distribution of t value table Df = Degree of Freedom
Based on the result of hypothesis test calculation, it was found that the value of t observed was greater than the value of t table at the level of significance in 5% or 1% that was 2.000 < 8,934 >2.660 It meant Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected.
It could be interpreted based on the result of calculation that Ha stating that “the students taught by Mind Mapping technique gain better writing achievement” was accepted and Ho stating “the students taught by Mind Mapping technique do not gain better writing achievement” was rejected. It meant that teaching writing by using th
Mind Mapping technique increases the 10 grade students’ writing scores at MAN Model Palangka Raya.
2. Testing Hypothesis Using SPSS 21 Program
The writer applied SPSS 21 program to calculated t in test testing hypothesis of the study. The result of the t test using SPSS 21 program was described in Table bellow.
Table 4.15 Standard Deviation and Standard Error of X1 and X 2 Group Statistics
Group Statistics
code N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean x1 35 77,00 3,369 ,570 score x2 35 70,09 3,100 ,524
Table 4.16 The Calculation t test Using SPSS 21 Independent Samples Test
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Differ ence
Std. Error
Differen ce 95%
Confidence Interval of the
Difference Lower Upper score
Equal variances assumed
,896 ,347 8,934 68 ,000 6,914 ,774 5,370 8,459 Equal variances not assumed
8,934 67,533 ,000 6,914 ,774 5,370 8,459
The table showed the result of t test calculation using SPSS 21
program. Since the result of Test test between experimental and
control group had difference scores of variance, it found that the result
of t observed was 8,934.To examine the truth or false of null hypothesis stating that using Mind Mapping technique does not increase the 10 th grade students’ writing scores, the result of t test was interpreted on the result of degree of freedom to get the t
table.
The result of degree of freedom
(df) was 68, it found from the total number of students in both group minus 2.
Table 4.17 The Result of t and t /tobserved table test t table Variable t observed
Df 5% 1%
X1-X2 8.934 2.
00 2.
6
60
6
8 The interpretation of the result of t test using SPSS 21 Program, it was found the t was greater than the t at 1% and 5% the observed table level significance or 2.000 < 8.934 > 2.660. It could be interpreted based on the result of calculation that Ha stating that “the students taught by Mind Mapping technique gain better writing achievement” was accepted and Ho stating “the students taught by Mind Mapping technique do not gain better writing achievement” was rejected. It meant that teaching writing by using Mind Mapping technique th increases the 10 grade students’ writing scores at MAN Model Palangka Raya.
C. Discussions The result of the data analysis showed that the Mind Mapping th
technique gave significance effect on the students’ writing scores for the 10
graders of MAN Model Palangka Raya. The students who were taught using
without using Mind Mapping technique. It was proved by the mean scores of
the students who were taught using Mind Mapping technique was 77.00 and
the students who were taught without using Mind Mapping technique was
70.09. Based on the result of hypothesis test calculation, it was found that the
value of t observed was greater than the value of t table at 5% and at 1% the level of
significance or 2.000 < 8.934 > 2.660. It meant that H was accepted and H
a o was rejected.In addition, the result of t test calculation using SPSS 21 found that the Mind Mapping technique also gave significance effect on the students’
writing scores. It proved by the value t observed was greater than t table both at 1%
and 5%the level of significance or 2.000 < 8.934 > 2.660.Those statistical findings were suitable with the theories as mentioned
before that Mind Mapping can make the students easy in understanding the
material because it has a simple pattern that easy to remember. By using
picture and color, Mind Mapping can be funny to learn, it makes the brain
enjoy and excited in thinking something about the topic. Mind Mapping is one
of techniques in pre writing activity that allow the writer think more
creatively. The Mind Mapping was interested and makes students easy to
develop a text or paragraphs by made the mapping before write.Mind Mapping is also one strategy that allows students to demonstrate
their understanding of the relationship among ideas within a text and to
visually present a hierarchy of ideas in a diagram format. Mind Mapping
helps people to think more effectively as a group without losing their
individuality. It helps groups to manage the complexity of their ideas without
trivializing them or losing detail.There are reasons why using Mind Mapping technique gives effect on th
the stu graders of MAN Model Palangka
dents’ writing ability of the 10Raya. First, by using Mind Mapping, the students could memorize some new
words easily, by connecting their previous knowledge. Second, Mind
Mapping was an interesting technique for the students. It was shows from the
students’ response that they were very enthusiastic when they were taught by
using Mind Mapping. Third, the vocabulary in Mind Mapping was classified
into the specific categories. For example, in the topic of “Animal”, the
vocabulary was classified into some categories such as the colors, the
appearance, behaviors, habituates, etc. It makes the students easier to develop
the paragraph based on the Mind Mapping.