blood metabolites, growing kids, nutrient rich system, nutrient utilization, weight gain
Effects of Feeding Different Level of Dietary Protein with or
without Probiotics or Ionophores on Performance of
Growing Kids
Muhammad Sarwar1, Muhammad Aasif Shahzad & Mahr un Nisa
1
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract
The study examined the effects of high and low input feeding system on
nutrients ingestion, digestibilities, nitrogen (N) retention, blood urea nitrogen
(BUN), metabolic hormones and economics of weight gain in growing kids. Eighty
male beetal goats of 6 month of age were randomly divided into ten groups, eight
goats in each group in completely randomized design. Nine isocaloric diets with
varying crude protein (CP) levels with or without ionophores and probiotics were
formulated. Diets containing 12, 16 and 20% CP were designated as low protein
(LP), medium protein (MP) and high protein (HP) diets, respectively, while each of
these CP diets when supplemented with ionophores @ 20ppm or probiotics (Yea Sec,
0.1%) were denoted as LPI, MPI, HPI and LPP, MPP,HPP, respectively. One group
was fed berseem hay (FOD) only as a representative of traditional feed. The study
lasted for 3 months. Higher dry matter (DM) and CP intake and digestibilities by kids
fed LP, MP and HP diets were observed than those fed FOD diet. Similar trendfor
DM and CP intakes were noticed by supplementation of ionophores or probiotics.
Blood glucose, BUN, N balance, tri-iodothyronine and thyroxin concentrations
were higher in goats fed LPI, MPI, HPI diets than those fed LP, MP, HP and LPP,
MPP and HPP diets. Outcome of the study indicated that feeding growing kids on
high input feeding system compared to, regardless supplementation of ionophores
or probiotics, traditional feeding system increased nutrients intake, utilization, N
balance and growth with better profit margin.
Keywords: blood metabolites, growing kids, nutrient rich system, nutrient utilization,
weight gain
Introducton
Det and feedng regmens are consdered mportant factors whch not only
nfluence growng small rumnants (sheep & goats) productvty and proftablty.
438
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
Nutrton of growng rumnants plays a pvotal role to enhance mutton producton
and also has strong assocaton wth qualty and quantty of carcass. Balanced dets
can mprove ther growth wthout affectng sensory qualty of mutton and also
reduce the tme to slaughter wth ncreased dressng percentage (Ryan et al., 2007).
Crude proten (CP) and energy are the major nutrents whch drectly affect the
growth of small rumnants and manpulatng these nutrents can help optmze ther
growth performance. Nutrent utlzaton at rumnal level, n nutrent rch feedng
system, can further be mproved by addng sutable feed addtves lke onophores
and probotcs. Ionophores have been reported to ncrease the effcency of feed
utlzaton n growng rumnants by mprovng dry matter and proten dgestbltes
(Potter et al., 1976a; Raunet al., 1974). Probotcs have also been reported to ncrease
weght gan n small rumnants by enhancng nutrent utlzaton at rumnal level
(Abd El-Ghan, 2004).Productvty and economc ndex of growng male beetal goats
under tropcal envronmental condtons, mantaned on hgh nput feedng system
(hgh detary energy and proten wth or wthout feed addtves) versus conventonal
feedng system (fodder only) s lmted. Therefore, the present study was planned to
examne and compare the nutrents ntake, dgestblty, growth, blood composton,
ntrogen balance and growth of growng male beetal goats fed on hgh nput feedng
system and tradtonal feedng systems.
Materals and Methods
Eghty male beetal goats (6 month old) were randomly dvded n ten groups
wth eght anmals each. Nne socalorc dets wth three levels of crude proten (12,
16 and 20%) wth or wthout onophores (@ 20ppm) and probotcs (0.1% of raton)
were formulated (Table 1). These dets were fed to nne groups of lambs whle tenth
group was offered fodder (berseem hay) only. The goats were fed ad libitum and
weghed weekly to know the weght gan and ts economcs. The study lasted for 90
days. Feed ntake was recorded daly. Total collecton method was used to determne
the nutrent [(dry matter (DM), crude proten (CP) neutral detergent fber (NDF),
acd detergent fber (ADF)] dgestbltes. Feces were collected daly, dred at 55°C,
bulked and mxed at the end of each collecton perod. Urne samples were acdfed
wth 50% H2SO4 and stored at -20 °C for laboratory analyss. Feed and fecal samples
were analyzed for DM and CP as per descrpton of AOAC (2003) whle NDF and
ADF by the method descrbed by Van Soest et al. (1991). Ntrogen (N) balance was
calculated usng equaton descrbed by NRC (2001).Blood glucose was analyzed by
method descrbed by Daves et al. (2007), whle trodothyroxn (T3) and thyroxn
(T4) concentratons were analyzed by the methods of Todn et al. (2007). Blood
urea ntrogen (BUN) was measured by procedure descrbed by Bull et al. (1991).
The data collected were subjected to statstcal analyss usng ANOVA under
completely randomzed desgn (SAS, 1997) and Tukey`s sgnfcant dfference test
was used to compare means (Steel and Torre, 1984).
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
439
Table1. Ingredents and Chemcal composton of dets fed to growng goats
Diets1
INGREDIENTS
FOD
LP
MP
HP
LPI
MPI
HPI
LPP
MPP
HPP
Corn grans
-
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Wheat bran
-
18
10
10
18
10
10
18
10
10
Rce polshng
-
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
Wheat straw
-
12.5
9.75
8
12.5
9.75
8
12.5
9.75
8
Cotton seed meal
-
7
12.5
12.5
7
12.5
12.5
7
12.5
12.5
Canola meal
-
7
12.5
12.5
7
12.5
12.5
7
12.5
12.5
Molasses
-
7
6.1
6.25
7
6.1
6.25
7
6.1
6.25
Urea
-
0
0.15
1.625
0
0.15
1.625
0
0.15
1.625
Vegetable ol
-
1.5
2
2.125
1.5
2
2.125
1.5
2
2.125
NaCl
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DCP
-
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NaHCo3
Probotcs (Yea sac)
%
Ionophores
(Monensn) ppm
Total
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.1
0.1
0.1
-
-
-
-
20
20
20
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Dry matter
89.8
89.8
89.9
90
89.79
89.9
90
89.79
89.9
90
Crude proten
18.9
12
16
20
12
16
20
12
16
20
Total dg. Nutrents
Neutral detergent
fbre
Acd dgestble
nutrents
60.6
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
51.1
29.9
28.5
27.3
29.92
28.5
27.3
29.92
28.5
27.3
41.1
16.4
15.9
15.1
16.4
15.9
15.1
16.4
15.9
15.01
Chemcal composton, %
1
FOD, LP, MP, HP, LPI, HPI, HPI, LPP, MPP and HPP stand for fodder (berseem hay), low
proten, medum proten, hgh proten, low proten onophores, medum proten onophores, hgh
proten onophores, low proten Probotcs, medum proten Probotcs and hgh proten Probotcs,
respectvely.
Results and Dscusson
Nutrients Intake
Hgher DM ntake was observed by goats fed LP, MP and HP dets than those
fed FOD det (Table 2). The DMI ncreased lnearly n goats fed dets wth gradual
ncrease n detary CP concentraton supplemented wth probotcs. Lnear trend
for CP ntake was observed wth ncreasng the detary CP concentrate n goats
fed dets contanng onophores and probotcs supplementaton. The ADF ntake
was hgher by goats fed FOD det than those fed LP, MP and HP dets regardless
440
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
of onophores and probotcs supplementaton. Hgher nutrents ntake by goats
fed gradual ncreasng detary CP concentraton than those fed FOD det was due
to lower NDF content of these dets because hgh detary NDF generally reduced
nutrent ntake by mpartng rumen fll effect (Sarwar et al., 1991).Hgher DMI by
goats fed dets wth gradual ncrease n detary CP concentraton than those fed FOD
det was consstent wth the fndngs of Damry et al. (2001) who reported hgher
DM ntake n anmals fed concentrate dets than those fed fodder. The ncreased
detary CP concentraton mght have ncreased the amount of avalable nutrents,
requred for mcrobal growth (DelCurto et al., 1990).
Nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance
The DM dgestblty was hgher n goats fed LP, MP and HP dets than those
fed FOD det (Table 2). The CP dgestblty was also hgher n goats fed LP, MP and
HP dets than those fed FOD det. The N balance was sgnfcantly hgher n goats fed
HPI and HPP dets than those fed FOD det (Table 2). Hgher nutrent dgestblty
by goats fed gradual ncreasng CP concentraton than those fed FOD det mght
be attrbuted to better avalablty of energy and proten nutrents. Synchronzed
avalablty of suffcent N and keto-acds (carbon skeleton) at rumnal level mght
have mproved rumen mcrobal fermentaton leadng to better dgeston of nutrents
n goats fed varyng CP concentraton than those fed FOD det. Hgher, CP, NDF
and ADF dgestbltes n lambs fed HP, HPI and HPP dets mght be due to more
dgestble CP, NDF and ADF contents of these dets. Hgher N balance by goats
fed gradual ncreasng detary CP concentraton than those fed FOD det was due
to hgher N ntake and ts degradaton. Hgher N balance n HP, HPI and HPI dets
than those fed FOD det n the present study was consstent wth the observatons
of Dabr and Thonney (2004) who reported ncreased N balance n rumnants fed
concentrate based det than those fed fodder. Att et al. (2004) notced ncreased N
retenton n rumnants fed dets wth gradual ncreasng detary CP concentraton.
Blood Metabolites
Goats fed HP, HPI and HPP dets had hgher T4 level than those fed LP, LPI
and LPP dets (Table 3). An ncreasng tendency n blood glucose was observed
n goats fed LP, MP and HP dets. The BUN was sgnfcantly lower n goats fed
FOD det than those fed dets wth varyng detary CP concentraton wth or wthout
onophores and probotcs. Hgher T4 concentraton n goats fed det wth ncreasng detary CP concentraton was supported by Todn et al. (2007) who observed
that lambs fed hgh nutrent det had hgher plasma T4 concentraton than those
fed low nutrent dets.Unaltered blood glucose levels n dets wth ncreasng CP
concentraton wth or wthout onophores and probotcs were nconsstent wth Anthony et al. (1986). Furthermore, n the present study, non-sgnfcant dfference n
blood glucose s consstent wth fndngs of small rumnants fed yeast supplemented
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
441
442
Table 2. Nutrents ntake, dgestbltes and ntrogen balance by goats as nfluenced by fodder versus ntensfyng detary crude proten
wth or wthout onophores and probotcs
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
Dets1
Man Contrasts2
Items
SE
Proten
F vs
C
CI vs
CP
C
vs CI
C vs
CP
L
Q
25.19
*
NS
NS
NS
*
NS
197.46
3.66
*
NS
NS
NS
*
NS
264.64
269.53
7.60
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
148.91
147.36
148.59
4.4
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
FOD
LP
MP
HP
LPI
MPI
HPI
LPP
MPP
HPP
Dry matter
706.35
892.06
890.48
965.08
906.35
912.70
912.70
906.35
928.57
987.30
Crude proten
133.43
107.05
142.48
193.02
108.76
146.03
182.54
108.76
148.57
360.24
266.9
253.79
263.47
271.18
260.12
249.17
271.18
289.60
146.57
141.32
145.24
148.91
144.85
137.36
Nutrients intake , g/d
Neutral Detergent
fbre
Acd Detergent
fbre
Nutrients digestibility
Dry matter ,%
49.57
58.00
65.29
64.43
61.14
66.57
69.57
63.29
66.00
68.57
2.77
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Crude proten,%
68.71
71.15
72.61
73.55
71.51
72.11
73.65
71.59
72.66
73.98
1.69
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Neutral Det.
fbre,%
39.43
42.71
43.57
47.43
46.43
46.14
48.29
47.43
48.29
49.86
3.24
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Acd det. fbre,%
33.29
37.71
38.71
36.00
41.00
38.29
35.97
41.86
41.29
40.43
2.27
NS
NS
NS
*
NS
NS
Ntrogen balance,
g/d
11.56
10.18
13.6
17.53
10
13.71
18.41
9.97
13.8
18.52
1.85
*
NS
NS
NS
*
NS
LP, MP and HP represent low (12%), medum (16%) and hgh (20%) detary crude proten (DCP) concentratons, respectvely. Affxes of “I” and “P”
n remanng dets ndcate supplementaton of onophores and Probotcs wth smlar low, medum and hgh DCP contents, respectvely. Det FOD
reflects berseem hay. 2 F VS C= Fodder versus Concentrate (LP, MP, HP), CI VS CP= concentrate onophores (LPI, MPI, HPI) versus Concentrate
Probotcs (LPP, MPP, HPP), C VS CI= Concentrate verses concentrate onophores, C VS CP= Concentrate verses concentrate Probotcs, L= lnear,
Q= Quadratc, * (P
without Probiotics or Ionophores on Performance of
Growing Kids
Muhammad Sarwar1, Muhammad Aasif Shahzad & Mahr un Nisa
1
Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract
The study examined the effects of high and low input feeding system on
nutrients ingestion, digestibilities, nitrogen (N) retention, blood urea nitrogen
(BUN), metabolic hormones and economics of weight gain in growing kids. Eighty
male beetal goats of 6 month of age were randomly divided into ten groups, eight
goats in each group in completely randomized design. Nine isocaloric diets with
varying crude protein (CP) levels with or without ionophores and probiotics were
formulated. Diets containing 12, 16 and 20% CP were designated as low protein
(LP), medium protein (MP) and high protein (HP) diets, respectively, while each of
these CP diets when supplemented with ionophores @ 20ppm or probiotics (Yea Sec,
0.1%) were denoted as LPI, MPI, HPI and LPP, MPP,HPP, respectively. One group
was fed berseem hay (FOD) only as a representative of traditional feed. The study
lasted for 3 months. Higher dry matter (DM) and CP intake and digestibilities by kids
fed LP, MP and HP diets were observed than those fed FOD diet. Similar trendfor
DM and CP intakes were noticed by supplementation of ionophores or probiotics.
Blood glucose, BUN, N balance, tri-iodothyronine and thyroxin concentrations
were higher in goats fed LPI, MPI, HPI diets than those fed LP, MP, HP and LPP,
MPP and HPP diets. Outcome of the study indicated that feeding growing kids on
high input feeding system compared to, regardless supplementation of ionophores
or probiotics, traditional feeding system increased nutrients intake, utilization, N
balance and growth with better profit margin.
Keywords: blood metabolites, growing kids, nutrient rich system, nutrient utilization,
weight gain
Introducton
Det and feedng regmens are consdered mportant factors whch not only
nfluence growng small rumnants (sheep & goats) productvty and proftablty.
438
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
Nutrton of growng rumnants plays a pvotal role to enhance mutton producton
and also has strong assocaton wth qualty and quantty of carcass. Balanced dets
can mprove ther growth wthout affectng sensory qualty of mutton and also
reduce the tme to slaughter wth ncreased dressng percentage (Ryan et al., 2007).
Crude proten (CP) and energy are the major nutrents whch drectly affect the
growth of small rumnants and manpulatng these nutrents can help optmze ther
growth performance. Nutrent utlzaton at rumnal level, n nutrent rch feedng
system, can further be mproved by addng sutable feed addtves lke onophores
and probotcs. Ionophores have been reported to ncrease the effcency of feed
utlzaton n growng rumnants by mprovng dry matter and proten dgestbltes
(Potter et al., 1976a; Raunet al., 1974). Probotcs have also been reported to ncrease
weght gan n small rumnants by enhancng nutrent utlzaton at rumnal level
(Abd El-Ghan, 2004).Productvty and economc ndex of growng male beetal goats
under tropcal envronmental condtons, mantaned on hgh nput feedng system
(hgh detary energy and proten wth or wthout feed addtves) versus conventonal
feedng system (fodder only) s lmted. Therefore, the present study was planned to
examne and compare the nutrents ntake, dgestblty, growth, blood composton,
ntrogen balance and growth of growng male beetal goats fed on hgh nput feedng
system and tradtonal feedng systems.
Materals and Methods
Eghty male beetal goats (6 month old) were randomly dvded n ten groups
wth eght anmals each. Nne socalorc dets wth three levels of crude proten (12,
16 and 20%) wth or wthout onophores (@ 20ppm) and probotcs (0.1% of raton)
were formulated (Table 1). These dets were fed to nne groups of lambs whle tenth
group was offered fodder (berseem hay) only. The goats were fed ad libitum and
weghed weekly to know the weght gan and ts economcs. The study lasted for 90
days. Feed ntake was recorded daly. Total collecton method was used to determne
the nutrent [(dry matter (DM), crude proten (CP) neutral detergent fber (NDF),
acd detergent fber (ADF)] dgestbltes. Feces were collected daly, dred at 55°C,
bulked and mxed at the end of each collecton perod. Urne samples were acdfed
wth 50% H2SO4 and stored at -20 °C for laboratory analyss. Feed and fecal samples
were analyzed for DM and CP as per descrpton of AOAC (2003) whle NDF and
ADF by the method descrbed by Van Soest et al. (1991). Ntrogen (N) balance was
calculated usng equaton descrbed by NRC (2001).Blood glucose was analyzed by
method descrbed by Daves et al. (2007), whle trodothyroxn (T3) and thyroxn
(T4) concentratons were analyzed by the methods of Todn et al. (2007). Blood
urea ntrogen (BUN) was measured by procedure descrbed by Bull et al. (1991).
The data collected were subjected to statstcal analyss usng ANOVA under
completely randomzed desgn (SAS, 1997) and Tukey`s sgnfcant dfference test
was used to compare means (Steel and Torre, 1984).
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
439
Table1. Ingredents and Chemcal composton of dets fed to growng goats
Diets1
INGREDIENTS
FOD
LP
MP
HP
LPI
MPI
HPI
LPP
MPP
HPP
Corn grans
-
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Wheat bran
-
18
10
10
18
10
10
18
10
10
Rce polshng
-
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
Wheat straw
-
12.5
9.75
8
12.5
9.75
8
12.5
9.75
8
Cotton seed meal
-
7
12.5
12.5
7
12.5
12.5
7
12.5
12.5
Canola meal
-
7
12.5
12.5
7
12.5
12.5
7
12.5
12.5
Molasses
-
7
6.1
6.25
7
6.1
6.25
7
6.1
6.25
Urea
-
0
0.15
1.625
0
0.15
1.625
0
0.15
1.625
Vegetable ol
-
1.5
2
2.125
1.5
2
2.125
1.5
2
2.125
NaCl
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DCP
-
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
NaHCo3
Probotcs (Yea sac)
%
Ionophores
(Monensn) ppm
Total
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.1
0.1
0.1
-
-
-
-
20
20
20
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Dry matter
89.8
89.8
89.9
90
89.79
89.9
90
89.79
89.9
90
Crude proten
18.9
12
16
20
12
16
20
12
16
20
Total dg. Nutrents
Neutral detergent
fbre
Acd dgestble
nutrents
60.6
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
51.1
29.9
28.5
27.3
29.92
28.5
27.3
29.92
28.5
27.3
41.1
16.4
15.9
15.1
16.4
15.9
15.1
16.4
15.9
15.01
Chemcal composton, %
1
FOD, LP, MP, HP, LPI, HPI, HPI, LPP, MPP and HPP stand for fodder (berseem hay), low
proten, medum proten, hgh proten, low proten onophores, medum proten onophores, hgh
proten onophores, low proten Probotcs, medum proten Probotcs and hgh proten Probotcs,
respectvely.
Results and Dscusson
Nutrients Intake
Hgher DM ntake was observed by goats fed LP, MP and HP dets than those
fed FOD det (Table 2). The DMI ncreased lnearly n goats fed dets wth gradual
ncrease n detary CP concentraton supplemented wth probotcs. Lnear trend
for CP ntake was observed wth ncreasng the detary CP concentrate n goats
fed dets contanng onophores and probotcs supplementaton. The ADF ntake
was hgher by goats fed FOD det than those fed LP, MP and HP dets regardless
440
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
of onophores and probotcs supplementaton. Hgher nutrents ntake by goats
fed gradual ncreasng detary CP concentraton than those fed FOD det was due
to lower NDF content of these dets because hgh detary NDF generally reduced
nutrent ntake by mpartng rumen fll effect (Sarwar et al., 1991).Hgher DMI by
goats fed dets wth gradual ncrease n detary CP concentraton than those fed FOD
det was consstent wth the fndngs of Damry et al. (2001) who reported hgher
DM ntake n anmals fed concentrate dets than those fed fodder. The ncreased
detary CP concentraton mght have ncreased the amount of avalable nutrents,
requred for mcrobal growth (DelCurto et al., 1990).
Nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance
The DM dgestblty was hgher n goats fed LP, MP and HP dets than those
fed FOD det (Table 2). The CP dgestblty was also hgher n goats fed LP, MP and
HP dets than those fed FOD det. The N balance was sgnfcantly hgher n goats fed
HPI and HPP dets than those fed FOD det (Table 2). Hgher nutrent dgestblty
by goats fed gradual ncreasng CP concentraton than those fed FOD det mght
be attrbuted to better avalablty of energy and proten nutrents. Synchronzed
avalablty of suffcent N and keto-acds (carbon skeleton) at rumnal level mght
have mproved rumen mcrobal fermentaton leadng to better dgeston of nutrents
n goats fed varyng CP concentraton than those fed FOD det. Hgher, CP, NDF
and ADF dgestbltes n lambs fed HP, HPI and HPP dets mght be due to more
dgestble CP, NDF and ADF contents of these dets. Hgher N balance by goats
fed gradual ncreasng detary CP concentraton than those fed FOD det was due
to hgher N ntake and ts degradaton. Hgher N balance n HP, HPI and HPI dets
than those fed FOD det n the present study was consstent wth the observatons
of Dabr and Thonney (2004) who reported ncreased N balance n rumnants fed
concentrate based det than those fed fodder. Att et al. (2004) notced ncreased N
retenton n rumnants fed dets wth gradual ncreasng detary CP concentraton.
Blood Metabolites
Goats fed HP, HPI and HPP dets had hgher T4 level than those fed LP, LPI
and LPP dets (Table 3). An ncreasng tendency n blood glucose was observed
n goats fed LP, MP and HP dets. The BUN was sgnfcantly lower n goats fed
FOD det than those fed dets wth varyng detary CP concentraton wth or wthout
onophores and probotcs. Hgher T4 concentraton n goats fed det wth ncreasng detary CP concentraton was supported by Todn et al. (2007) who observed
that lambs fed hgh nutrent det had hgher plasma T4 concentraton than those
fed low nutrent dets.Unaltered blood glucose levels n dets wth ncreasng CP
concentraton wth or wthout onophores and probotcs were nconsstent wth Anthony et al. (1986). Furthermore, n the present study, non-sgnfcant dfference n
blood glucose s consstent wth fndngs of small rumnants fed yeast supplemented
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
441
442
Table 2. Nutrents ntake, dgestbltes and ntrogen balance by goats as nfluenced by fodder versus ntensfyng detary crude proten
wth or wthout onophores and probotcs
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
Dets1
Man Contrasts2
Items
SE
Proten
F vs
C
CI vs
CP
C
vs CI
C vs
CP
L
Q
25.19
*
NS
NS
NS
*
NS
197.46
3.66
*
NS
NS
NS
*
NS
264.64
269.53
7.60
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
148.91
147.36
148.59
4.4
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
FOD
LP
MP
HP
LPI
MPI
HPI
LPP
MPP
HPP
Dry matter
706.35
892.06
890.48
965.08
906.35
912.70
912.70
906.35
928.57
987.30
Crude proten
133.43
107.05
142.48
193.02
108.76
146.03
182.54
108.76
148.57
360.24
266.9
253.79
263.47
271.18
260.12
249.17
271.18
289.60
146.57
141.32
145.24
148.91
144.85
137.36
Nutrients intake , g/d
Neutral Detergent
fbre
Acd Detergent
fbre
Nutrients digestibility
Dry matter ,%
49.57
58.00
65.29
64.43
61.14
66.57
69.57
63.29
66.00
68.57
2.77
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Crude proten,%
68.71
71.15
72.61
73.55
71.51
72.11
73.65
71.59
72.66
73.98
1.69
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Neutral Det.
fbre,%
39.43
42.71
43.57
47.43
46.43
46.14
48.29
47.43
48.29
49.86
3.24
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Acd det. fbre,%
33.29
37.71
38.71
36.00
41.00
38.29
35.97
41.86
41.29
40.43
2.27
NS
NS
NS
*
NS
NS
Ntrogen balance,
g/d
11.56
10.18
13.6
17.53
10
13.71
18.41
9.97
13.8
18.52
1.85
*
NS
NS
NS
*
NS
LP, MP and HP represent low (12%), medum (16%) and hgh (20%) detary crude proten (DCP) concentratons, respectvely. Affxes of “I” and “P”
n remanng dets ndcate supplementaton of onophores and Probotcs wth smlar low, medum and hgh DCP contents, respectvely. Det FOD
reflects berseem hay. 2 F VS C= Fodder versus Concentrate (LP, MP, HP), CI VS CP= concentrate onophores (LPI, MPI, HPI) versus Concentrate
Probotcs (LPP, MPP, HPP), C VS CI= Concentrate verses concentrate onophores, C VS CP= Concentrate verses concentrate Probotcs, L= lnear,
Q= Quadratc, * (P