IMPLICATURE OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS IN ANIMATION MOVIE SCRIPT ENTITLED FINDING NEMO Implicature Of Request Expressions In Animation Movie Script Entitled Finding Nemo.
IMPLICATURE OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS IN ANIMATION MOVIE
SCRIPT ENTITLED FINDING NEMO
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
EKA SUNDARI
A320130220
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
i
MOTTO
“Sesungguhnya Allah tidak mengubah keadaan sesuatu kaum sehingga mereka
(kaum itu) mengubah keadaan yang ada pada diri mereka sendiri”
(Q.S. Ar Ra‟du: 11)
“Life is a series of challenges out before you. The people that are successful are
the ones that take the challenges head-on.”
(Paul Pierce)
We don‟t know what will happen tomorrow, do your best today.
(the researcher)
Segala sesuatu membutuhkan kesabaran, percaya bahwa ketika kita berusaha
dan meminta kepada Allah pasti akan ada hasilnya. SABAR, IKHLAS, DAN
BERDOA.
(the researcher)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is wholeheartedly dedicated to:
Her beloved parents
(Marjo and Sri Sulastri)
Her beloved brother
(Akbar Dwi Marjoko)
Her beloved uncle and aunty
(Slamet B. and Mulyati)
Her beloved friends especially for
(Pipit and Nierma)
All of friends who cannot mention one by one
Her beloved „husband‟ to be . . .
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, all the praises
and thanks be to Allah for His immeasurable blessings, so that the researcher can
finish
this
research
paper
entitled
“IMPLICATURE
OF
REQUEST
EXPRESSIONS IN ANIMATION MOVIE SCRIPT ENTITLED FINDING
NEMO”. This research paper is one of the requirements to finish studying in English
Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
This research paper cannot be finished without the helps and supports from
several people. Therefore, the researcher would like to express big thanks to:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
2. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Muhammadiyah Unversity of Surakarta.
3. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D. the Head of English Department of
Muhammadiyah Unversity of Surakarta.
4. Syahara Dina Amalia, S.Pd., M., the researcher‘s academic advisor.
5. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum, as the consultant, who has given a big
contribution in finishing this research paper. Thanks to her time to guide,
advice, and share so much knowledge to the researcher until this researcher
paper is finished.
6. All lecturers in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta for all the knowledge that the researcher has received. May the
knowledge she received be beneficial for a lot of people in many aspects in
the future.
vii
7. Her beloved parents, her beloved father and mother for giving endless love,
support, attention, and motivation. The researcher loves them so much and
she says sorry for all of her mistakes.
8. Her dearest brother. Thanks for his support.
9. Her dearest friends; Pipit, Nierma, Pratiwi, Fitrilia Ayu, Via, Yuni, Wiwid,
Dani, thanks for their supports, sharing time, advices and helps.
10. Her lovely friends at boarding house; Bekti, Mbk Nita, Faila, Anis, Dita.
Thank you so much for their supports, attention, and taking care of her when
she was sick. She loves them so much.
11. All of her friends in English Department ‘13, especially in drama of E class
on ―ANTIGONE‖. The researcher always remembers all of them and thanks
for their jokes, togetherness and supports.
12. All of the university staffs who helps the researcher in processing the
administration.
13. Everybody who has helped the researcher in this process who cannot be
mentioned one by one.
Finally, the writer wants to thank to the readers, especially those who
are eager to give some positive and constructive revision and suggestion that
can make this research better. She wishes this research paper would be useful
and helpful to all of the readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Surakarta, April 2017
The Writer
Eka Sundari
A320130220
viii
IMPLICATURE OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS IN ANIMATION MOVIE
SCRIPT ENTITLED FINDING NEMO
Eka Sundari, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum
Department of English Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta (57127)
e-mail: ekasundari03@gmail.com
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan strategi dari kalimat permintaan,
implikatur dari kalimat permintaan dan pelanggaran maxim dari kalimat
permintaan tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif.
Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ekspresi kalimat
permintaan yang ada dalam naskah film berjudul Finding Nemo. Dalam
pengumpulan data, penulis menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dan observasi.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Dari 122 ekspresi permintaan
dapat dibagi menjadi tujuh macam strategi permintaan. Terdapat 19 data atau
15,6% yang menggunakan strategi Hints, 18 data atau 14,7% menggunakan
ability/willingness, 2 data atau 1,6% menggunakan suggestory formulae, 3
data atau 2,5% menggunakan wishes, 4 data atau 3,3% menggunakan
desires/needs, 22 data atau 18% menggunakan obligation dan 54 data atau
44,3% menggunakan imperatives, 2) Dari 22 jumlah data, terdapat 1 data
yang termasuk dalam implikatur konvensional (4,5%) dan 21 data yang
termasuk ke dalam implikatur percakapan (95,5%), 3) Dari 21 data yang
termasuk dalam implikatur percakapan, terdapat 14 data yang melanggar
maxim. Terdapat 5 data yang melanggar maxim quantity (35,8%), 7 data
melanggar maxim quality (50%), 1 datum melanggar maxim relevance
(7,1%), dan 1 datum melanggar maxim manner (7,1%).
Kata kunci: ekspresi permintaan, strategi permintaan, implikatur,
pelanggaran maxim.
ix
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to describe the form of request strategies, the implicature of
the request expressions and the maxim violation of request expressions used
in Finding Nemo movie.This research belongs to descriptive qualitative
research. The data are all of the request expressions in Finding Nemo
manuscript. The way to collect the data, the writer uses documentation and
observation toward the Finding Nemo movie. The results of the research
show that: 1) From 122 request expressions that found in this research, those
can be divided into seven request strategies: there are 19 data or 15,6% of
hints, 18 data or 14,7% of ability/willingness, 2 data or 1,6% of suggestory
formulae, 3 data or 2,5% of wishes, 4 data or 3,3% of desires/needs, 22 data
or 18% of obligation and 54 data or 44,3% of imperatives, 2) From 22
numbers data, there are 1 datum of conventional implicature (4,5%) and 21
data that belong to conversational implicature (95,5%), 3) From 21 data of
conversational implicature, there are 14 data that violate the maxim. There
are 5 data that violate the maxim of quantity (35,8%), 7 data violates the
maxim of quality (50%), 1 datum violates the maxim of relevance (7,1%), and
1 datum violates the maxim of manner (7,1%).
Keywords: request expressions, request strategies, implicature, maxim
violation.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................................ ii
ACCEPTANCE ......................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY.............................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ....................................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................... vii
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................. ix
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. x
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................. xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................... xiv
LIST OF TABLE ...................................................................................................... x v
LIST OF APPENDIX ............................................................................................... xvi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ...................................................................................... 1
B. Problem Statement ................................................................................................ 4
C. Objectives of Study ............................................................................................... 4
D. Benefit of Study .................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Previous Study ..................................................................................................... 6
B. Underlying Theory .............................................................................................. 10
1. Pragmatics ...................................................................................................... 10
2. Principle of Pragmatics .................................................................................. 12
a. Deixis ......................................................................................................... 12
xi
b. Presupposition ........................................................................................... 12
c. Speech Act ................................................................................................. 13
3. Speech Act of Request ........................................................................................ 15
5. Cooperative Principle ..................................................................................... 23
4. Context ........................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type ..................................................................................................... 27
B. Research Object .................................................................................................. 27
C. Research Data and Data Source .......................................................................... 27
D. Technique of Collecting Data ............................................................................. 27
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................................................. 28
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis ...................................................................................................... 29
1. Request Strategies .......................................................................................... 29
a. Indirect Request ................................................................................ 29
b. Hearer-oriented Condition ................................................................ 32
c. Speaker-oriented Condition .............................................................. 36
d. Direct Request ................................................................................... 38
2. Implicature ..................................................................................................... 43
a. Conventional Implicature .................................................................. 43
b. Conversational Implicature ............................................................... 44
3. Maxim Violation ........................................................................................... 50
a. Maxim of Quantity ............................................................................ 50
b. Maxim of Quality .............................................................................. 51
c. Maxim of Relevance ......................................................................... 52
d. Maxim of Manner ............................................................................. 53
B. The Findings ....................................................................................................... 54
1. Request Strategies ......................................................................................... 54
xii
2. Implicature .................................................................................................... 56
3. Maxim Violation ........................................................................................... 57
4. The Relation of Request Strategies, Implicature and Maxim Violation ........ 58
C. Discussions of the Findings ................................................................................... 59
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 61
B. Suggestion .......................................................................................................... 62
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
IR
: Indirect Request
HC
: Hearer-oriented Condition
SC
: Speaker-oriented Condition
DR
: Direct Request
H
: Hints
A/W
: Ability/Willingness
SF
: Suggestory Formulae
W
: Wishes
D/N
: Desires/Needs
O
: Obligation
I
: Imperatives
xiv
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1 ....................................................................................................................... 55
Table 2........................................................................................................................ 55
Table 3 ....................................................................................................................... 56
Table 4 ....................................................................................................................... 57
Table 5 ....................................................................................................................... 58
xv
LIST OF APPENDIXES
Appendix
: The Data of Research
xvi
SCRIPT ENTITLED FINDING NEMO
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
EKA SUNDARI
A320130220
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
i
MOTTO
“Sesungguhnya Allah tidak mengubah keadaan sesuatu kaum sehingga mereka
(kaum itu) mengubah keadaan yang ada pada diri mereka sendiri”
(Q.S. Ar Ra‟du: 11)
“Life is a series of challenges out before you. The people that are successful are
the ones that take the challenges head-on.”
(Paul Pierce)
We don‟t know what will happen tomorrow, do your best today.
(the researcher)
Segala sesuatu membutuhkan kesabaran, percaya bahwa ketika kita berusaha
dan meminta kepada Allah pasti akan ada hasilnya. SABAR, IKHLAS, DAN
BERDOA.
(the researcher)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is wholeheartedly dedicated to:
Her beloved parents
(Marjo and Sri Sulastri)
Her beloved brother
(Akbar Dwi Marjoko)
Her beloved uncle and aunty
(Slamet B. and Mulyati)
Her beloved friends especially for
(Pipit and Nierma)
All of friends who cannot mention one by one
Her beloved „husband‟ to be . . .
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, all the praises
and thanks be to Allah for His immeasurable blessings, so that the researcher can
finish
this
research
paper
entitled
“IMPLICATURE
OF
REQUEST
EXPRESSIONS IN ANIMATION MOVIE SCRIPT ENTITLED FINDING
NEMO”. This research paper is one of the requirements to finish studying in English
Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
This research paper cannot be finished without the helps and supports from
several people. Therefore, the researcher would like to express big thanks to:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Rector of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
2. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, the Dean of Teacher Training and Education
Faculty of Muhammadiyah Unversity of Surakarta.
3. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D. the Head of English Department of
Muhammadiyah Unversity of Surakarta.
4. Syahara Dina Amalia, S.Pd., M., the researcher‘s academic advisor.
5. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum, as the consultant, who has given a big
contribution in finishing this research paper. Thanks to her time to guide,
advice, and share so much knowledge to the researcher until this researcher
paper is finished.
6. All lecturers in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta for all the knowledge that the researcher has received. May the
knowledge she received be beneficial for a lot of people in many aspects in
the future.
vii
7. Her beloved parents, her beloved father and mother for giving endless love,
support, attention, and motivation. The researcher loves them so much and
she says sorry for all of her mistakes.
8. Her dearest brother. Thanks for his support.
9. Her dearest friends; Pipit, Nierma, Pratiwi, Fitrilia Ayu, Via, Yuni, Wiwid,
Dani, thanks for their supports, sharing time, advices and helps.
10. Her lovely friends at boarding house; Bekti, Mbk Nita, Faila, Anis, Dita.
Thank you so much for their supports, attention, and taking care of her when
she was sick. She loves them so much.
11. All of her friends in English Department ‘13, especially in drama of E class
on ―ANTIGONE‖. The researcher always remembers all of them and thanks
for their jokes, togetherness and supports.
12. All of the university staffs who helps the researcher in processing the
administration.
13. Everybody who has helped the researcher in this process who cannot be
mentioned one by one.
Finally, the writer wants to thank to the readers, especially those who
are eager to give some positive and constructive revision and suggestion that
can make this research better. She wishes this research paper would be useful
and helpful to all of the readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Surakarta, April 2017
The Writer
Eka Sundari
A320130220
viii
IMPLICATURE OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS IN ANIMATION MOVIE
SCRIPT ENTITLED FINDING NEMO
Eka Sundari, Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi, M.Hum
Department of English Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromol Pos 1 Pabelan, Kartasura, Surakarta (57127)
e-mail: ekasundari03@gmail.com
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan strategi dari kalimat permintaan,
implikatur dari kalimat permintaan dan pelanggaran maxim dari kalimat
permintaan tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif.
Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ekspresi kalimat
permintaan yang ada dalam naskah film berjudul Finding Nemo. Dalam
pengumpulan data, penulis menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dan observasi.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Dari 122 ekspresi permintaan
dapat dibagi menjadi tujuh macam strategi permintaan. Terdapat 19 data atau
15,6% yang menggunakan strategi Hints, 18 data atau 14,7% menggunakan
ability/willingness, 2 data atau 1,6% menggunakan suggestory formulae, 3
data atau 2,5% menggunakan wishes, 4 data atau 3,3% menggunakan
desires/needs, 22 data atau 18% menggunakan obligation dan 54 data atau
44,3% menggunakan imperatives, 2) Dari 22 jumlah data, terdapat 1 data
yang termasuk dalam implikatur konvensional (4,5%) dan 21 data yang
termasuk ke dalam implikatur percakapan (95,5%), 3) Dari 21 data yang
termasuk dalam implikatur percakapan, terdapat 14 data yang melanggar
maxim. Terdapat 5 data yang melanggar maxim quantity (35,8%), 7 data
melanggar maxim quality (50%), 1 datum melanggar maxim relevance
(7,1%), dan 1 datum melanggar maxim manner (7,1%).
Kata kunci: ekspresi permintaan, strategi permintaan, implikatur,
pelanggaran maxim.
ix
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to describe the form of request strategies, the implicature of
the request expressions and the maxim violation of request expressions used
in Finding Nemo movie.This research belongs to descriptive qualitative
research. The data are all of the request expressions in Finding Nemo
manuscript. The way to collect the data, the writer uses documentation and
observation toward the Finding Nemo movie. The results of the research
show that: 1) From 122 request expressions that found in this research, those
can be divided into seven request strategies: there are 19 data or 15,6% of
hints, 18 data or 14,7% of ability/willingness, 2 data or 1,6% of suggestory
formulae, 3 data or 2,5% of wishes, 4 data or 3,3% of desires/needs, 22 data
or 18% of obligation and 54 data or 44,3% of imperatives, 2) From 22
numbers data, there are 1 datum of conventional implicature (4,5%) and 21
data that belong to conversational implicature (95,5%), 3) From 21 data of
conversational implicature, there are 14 data that violate the maxim. There
are 5 data that violate the maxim of quantity (35,8%), 7 data violates the
maxim of quality (50%), 1 datum violates the maxim of relevance (7,1%), and
1 datum violates the maxim of manner (7,1%).
Keywords: request expressions, request strategies, implicature, maxim
violation.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................................ ii
ACCEPTANCE ......................................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY.............................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ....................................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................... vii
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................. ix
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. x
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................. xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................... xiv
LIST OF TABLE ...................................................................................................... x v
LIST OF APPENDIX ............................................................................................... xvi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ...................................................................................... 1
B. Problem Statement ................................................................................................ 4
C. Objectives of Study ............................................................................................... 4
D. Benefit of Study .................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Previous Study ..................................................................................................... 6
B. Underlying Theory .............................................................................................. 10
1. Pragmatics ...................................................................................................... 10
2. Principle of Pragmatics .................................................................................. 12
a. Deixis ......................................................................................................... 12
xi
b. Presupposition ........................................................................................... 12
c. Speech Act ................................................................................................. 13
3. Speech Act of Request ........................................................................................ 15
5. Cooperative Principle ..................................................................................... 23
4. Context ........................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type ..................................................................................................... 27
B. Research Object .................................................................................................. 27
C. Research Data and Data Source .......................................................................... 27
D. Technique of Collecting Data ............................................................................. 27
E. Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................................................. 28
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis ...................................................................................................... 29
1. Request Strategies .......................................................................................... 29
a. Indirect Request ................................................................................ 29
b. Hearer-oriented Condition ................................................................ 32
c. Speaker-oriented Condition .............................................................. 36
d. Direct Request ................................................................................... 38
2. Implicature ..................................................................................................... 43
a. Conventional Implicature .................................................................. 43
b. Conversational Implicature ............................................................... 44
3. Maxim Violation ........................................................................................... 50
a. Maxim of Quantity ............................................................................ 50
b. Maxim of Quality .............................................................................. 51
c. Maxim of Relevance ......................................................................... 52
d. Maxim of Manner ............................................................................. 53
B. The Findings ....................................................................................................... 54
1. Request Strategies ......................................................................................... 54
xii
2. Implicature .................................................................................................... 56
3. Maxim Violation ........................................................................................... 57
4. The Relation of Request Strategies, Implicature and Maxim Violation ........ 58
C. Discussions of the Findings ................................................................................... 59
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 61
B. Suggestion .......................................................................................................... 62
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
IR
: Indirect Request
HC
: Hearer-oriented Condition
SC
: Speaker-oriented Condition
DR
: Direct Request
H
: Hints
A/W
: Ability/Willingness
SF
: Suggestory Formulae
W
: Wishes
D/N
: Desires/Needs
O
: Obligation
I
: Imperatives
xiv
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1 ....................................................................................................................... 55
Table 2........................................................................................................................ 55
Table 3 ....................................................................................................................... 56
Table 4 ....................................................................................................................... 57
Table 5 ....................................................................................................................... 58
xv
LIST OF APPENDIXES
Appendix
: The Data of Research
xvi