Macromorphology and micromorphology of coastal peatland from Kapuas/Barito And Kahayan River Areas, Central Kalimantan
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NAT(IRAL KESOURCEFANCTIONS
AND
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMEN T
Editors
J.O. Rieley
UK
Universityof Nottingham,
of Geography,
Professor
S.E.Page
tlK
ofLeicester,
University
Lectuerin Ecology,
Chairman.ofOrganizingCommittee
Bambalg Setiadi
Indonesia
BPPTeknologi,Jakarta,
Developmeni,
for NaturalResouces
ofTechnology
DepuryChairman
J
,*r|)llii-{
SYMPOSIUM
OFJAKARTAPEATLAND
PROCEEDINGS
PAGENEARFRONT
ADDITIONAL
formof citation:
Recommended
B:
J.O.andPage,S.E.(eds)withSetiadi,
Rieley,
Prolvlanagement.
andSustainable
Functions
forPeople:NaturalResource
Peatlands
Jakarta'
22-23August2001'
onTropicalPeatland'
lnternationalsymposium
ceedingsofthe
272pp.
PeatAssociation.
BPPTandIndonesian
lndonesia.
ISBN:979-95183-3-4
(BPPT)
ofTechnology
andApplication
Assessment
by :Agencyforthe
Published
(lPA)
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PeatSociety
by : International
Distributed
Indonesia
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2002
O BPPTand IndonesianPeatAssociation'
MACROMORPHOLOGYAND MICROMORPHOLOGYOF COASTAL
PEATLAND FROM K,4.PUAS/BARITOAND KAHAYAN RIVER AREAS,
CENTRAL I'{LIMANTAN
F.Lusianar,Widiatmakar,S.Hardjowigeno?
rPostgaduate
Program,
BogorAgric.Univ..Jlr Memnti,KampusIPBDamaga,Bogor16144.
(r.enN20!1214)j!g!91)
TNDONEStA
'?Dept.
Fac.OfAgdcultue& Centeffor WetlandStudies,BogorAgric Univ.,Jln
ofSoil Science,
Bogorl6144,INDONESIA
Meranti,KampusIPBDarmaga.
SUMMARY
This studywascarriedout onmaqomorphologyandmicromotphologyofcoastalpeatftom Kapuas/
physical
offield observation,
BaritoandKahayanRivetareas.CentralKalimantanThestudyconsisted
TheprofilesconsistedofOa
andchemicallaboratoryanalysisandmiclomolphologicalobservation.
andOehorizonsin the organicsoil materialandCg horizonin the mineralmaterial The degreeof
oforganicmaterialvadesAomhemicto sapic Thetexturesofmineralmatedalareclay
decomposition
for thesoil in KahayanRiverareaandclayto silty clayfor thesoil in Kapuas/BaritoRiverarea.The
bases,basesaturation.
soilsftom Kapuas/BaritoRiverareahavehigl1elfiber content,exchangeable
analysis
al€a
Micromorpl'tological
Kahayan
River
to tlrcsoilfromtbe
compared
N-totalandP-available
in therelativepositionofmineral
especially
inthetwo areas,
similarityofsoil properties
indicated
wele
characteristlcs
material.Thedifferentmicromorphologic
materialto o€aiic materialandexcl.eted
gavear indicationofthe
Thea]Lalysis
in fineorganicmaterialtextulle,sizeandquantityofihe excrcment.
iDthominelalmaterial.
ofmoderfomation in theorganicmaterialandclaycoatingcharacter
existence
gy,micromorphology
I(el,rroldj.' coastalpeat,macromorpholo
INTRODUCTION
peatlandis oneofthe marginallandsin whichits chancte sticsandpotentialneedto belesearched
Thislandhasvariablecharacteisticsrelatedto
in thecontextofnationalfoodrequircment.
intensively.
andfomation factorc.coastalpeatis generallydevelopedin thealluvialfotmation.In
lts environment
soilformationin analluvialdepositionis influencedmainlyby riverwaterqualityand
thisenvironment,
(CSR'1997)has
research
Previous
marineconditionandtypeofvegetation.
topography,
discharge,
obsewahons
chamcterMidomorphological
thatcoastaipeathasvariablemacromoryhological
indicated
(1985),
micrcmoryhological
onpeatsoil,upto now havebeenalow prioriry.Accodingto Bullocke/a/
aimed
first
Thisresearch
to
be
recognized
need
stuiy relatesio soilgenesis,sothatsoilcharacteristics
aodKahayan
ofcoastalpeatin Kapuas/Barito
characteristics
to discovermacroandmicromorphological
Riveraieas.CentralKalimantan
MATERIAL AND METHODS
wascaried out oncoastalpeatlandin theareaofKahayanandKapuas/Bato Rive$ at
. :. fesearch
'-.: ::.a ofdevelopment
KalimantanThreesoilprofilesin
oftheonemillionhectare
Foject,Central
Riverarea
l.::r:n Rir er area(KPL| KPL, andKPLr)andthrcesoilprofilesofKapuas/Barito
cm,
40 - 130
of 20 40
soilwithpeatthickness
represinting
a l - . 3PL. andBPL,)werestudied.
- : .,::.: lrl - i00 cm.
68
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MicromorphologycalPrcpeftiesof Fi e OrganieM.rteriaLAganic soil matorialtypesclassified
couldnotbcrelatedto thosedeteminedby fiber content
accordingto theirdegreeof decompositjon
chancteristicscouldbe
Despiiethis,thcdecomposition
obserr'ation.
iualysisor m^cmmolphological
materialwaserprossed
identifiedonthcbasisof theircontentof finematcdal.Themorcde.omposed
resultingftom rcleaseofpigment.
ot'groundmass
bythedarkness
Micronorphological Etpression of CodrseOryanic Materful. P.ootlesiduesarecharacier-ized
by athinepidemis,withoutcuticule(Fahn,1982).andwith aroundedfofm in dosssection,whichcan
of parenohyma
bcseenby its highinledercncecolour Leafresiduesarecharacteizedby thepresence
palisadecells.Stemrcsidues
arechancterizedby thcouterepidemis.
Comparisonof MicromorphologicalChffacteristic of KPL VsRPL. Thel atiosof coalseorganic
atr:genemllyhigherthanthoBPL samples.
materialto finoorganicmateial (c/fntio) onKPL samples
wercmorevaried,whilethetextureand
FincorganicmatedaltextureandcolouronBPL samples
colouroffine organicmatctialon KPL sampleslendedto bemoreunifoml (Fig 1).
B, Mineral BasicComponent
Frequencyof BasfuMinetal Componentin SoilOryanicMaterial.Ftequencyof mineralpaticles
to be
identifiedinfall thin scctionsampleswaslow,betweenI to 57o.Therealfrcquencyis supposed
Ea.
thesoilhorizonshavehighashcontent,varyingliom 1.50tQ25.),'7
higher,because
ofbasicmincralmaterialcouldbe classilied
RelativeChronologicInterpretatio .me r,ppearancc
appearwell sortedandfresh;theselaots
inlo r\ro typcs:(i) pal1ol thcmineralbasiccomponents
jndicatethatthcmineralmaterialisdeposited
to theexistillgorganicmatedal;
morerecentlycompared
onlyby theweakbirefiingence
chanctedsed
(ii) theotlc1partof thomineralmaterialappoarobscurcd,
in oosspolarise{llight(XPL);liese]nineralnatedalarecovercdbyorganicmaterial,indicatingftat the
ofthc coveringfineorganicmatedalis morcIecentthanmineraldepositionThesc
decomposition
ili(nl
of rnillelaldcpos
oftheploccsscs
inteln.'ol lclttivcchronoloSy
couldbeintoelcted
rchtivepositiolr
ol 1l1incfal
Bothof thetwo kiids ol appcarance
ofolganic rattcldecompositionandtheprocesscs
andBPL'
in
KPL
exist
coincidently'
both
positionto thelinematcrial,
relateci
tothcirfelative
matcrial
of organicmaterialio botharcasis affectedbydvertmnspofied
Theselactsindicatethatthedeveloprnent
of organicsoil onthis areais closely
rnatodal,from pastto present.This mcansthatthecharacteristic
matedal.
ofthc rivers'kansported
relatedto thecharactedstic
oforganicsoilmaterialfrom Kapuas/Barito
Figurel, trlicrunorphologicalcharacteristics
River areas(A) and KahayanRivcr areas(B). Fine Organic Material (FOM),
Plant Rcsidue(PR).ver.ticalsection,10X.
'70
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I
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los Io,{ll^D.e
.r'r.r\nrr q.rq.r 'sernlPe]oped]'rle]d.l€t
xe ]LLL sanqDolopal tuaaa.tJxglo acuD.Daddv,xuo8u!+/i g
saJnFaJopadluonrJJrxg'3
'soldnms
-Jd) cql puesaldurus eqtuee.uteq'leel
pue'urets
14g
.'.j: rrtIIruui.rr+lrpLlrrq,r'surelpd
JrJrJods
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_:.-r irxr
srqt]oeruare]Jrp
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aqJ
lrr.rrtrl rruuSjo
CONCLUSION
ofoa andOehorizonsin organicsoilmaterialsandCg
areaconsisted
1 . Thepedorsin theresearch
degreeoforganicsoilmaterialvariesfiom hemic
horizonsin mineralmaterial.Thedecomposition
to sapric.Thetextue ofmineralsoilmaterialareclayin Ifthayanandclayto silty-clayonKapuaV
Barito
2. Soil chemicalpropertiesin KapuasBaritofuver areaarebettelthansoil in theKahayanRiver
basesandbasesaturationin BPL
area.This is i;dicated by thehigheramountofexchangeable
thanKPL. Thesebettersoil chancteristicswererelatedto the quality ofthe waterin theriver
tmnspoftingthematerial.
chamcter
d1emicromorphological
betwe€n
sjmilarities
s€veml
indicates
analysis
3 . Micromorphological
offapuarearito niver areaandKahayanRiverarea"especiallyin therelativepositionofmineral
ofplant
characters
andmicromorphological
pedofeatures
matJal to organicmaterial,excremental
position
ofexcrement
residue.Severaldistinctivecha€ctershavebeenfoundin theamountand
Evensothereareno specificmajor
andfine organicmaterialtextue appearanc€.
pedofeatures
processes,
thisanalysisindicatesmoderformationonorganicmatedalandclaycoatingonmineral
soilmaterial.
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G stoopsandT Tursinal9S5 HandbookfotSoil Thin
Bullock,P, N. Fedoroff.A. Jongerius,
350p
WaineResearchPublications
SectionDescriplion.
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Dijkh4 E.n 199s.i nicromoryhologicalstudyonthedevelopment
"
8 (4):341- 358'
Geoderma,
soilsunderScotspine
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F ahn,A. lg82. PtantAnatomr.3'ded\tior,'PetmagonPrcss
danSungai
Lusiana,F.2001. Karakteristikdangenesisgarnbutpantaidi sekitarSrmgail(ap-uaslBarito
Postgpduate
MagisterSainsThesisStudyProgramofsoil Scienc€'
Kiraya4 KalimantanTengah.
Program,BogorAgriculturalUdversity.132pp'
studyoftllee methodsofwaterremovalpriorto resinimpregntion
vr"prry,-c.p.l s7e.e
"o:mparative
t'9-735
Soil Science.30l-7
oftwo soils.Jorrral
dan
. LqporunSuttteyDaerahKerja D ProyekPLG SejutaHa PusatPenelitianTanah
CSF..199'7
Agroklimat.Bogor.
andL.J.Pons.1960Soilformationin organicsoils T'r'htem Congress
vanHeiveln,8., A. Jongerius,
ofSoil Science,Madison,USA.
gg4 Saproliteinfluenceonformationofwell-dmined
Wiaiat-utq p C,tt-i, J.Pellerin,A Ruellan'1
analysis1' A J
andhydromorphichorizonin anacidsoil systemasdeterminedby stuctual
in SoilScience22:135-754
(Eds)' lgg4 Deeelopment
ningro."-Vour"-a C.S.Humphreys
Elsevier.Amsterdam,
72
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APPENDIXB
of BPL andK?L pedonatrcsearchlocation
Physicalandchemicalcharacteristics
Depth
(cm.,
orgHor
Colour
c
(%)
0- 28
28-34
34 65
65 94
94 1.34
1 3 4 -1 6 0
o a ' l0 YR2/l
ou. 1 0Y R2 / l
0- 30
30 62
62 -',78
78 94
94- 116
1 1 6 -1 5 0
ou'
C 8 , l0 YR 5/2
CB: 5 Y 5 / 1
5v 4t1
cgr
cg1 5 Y 4 / l
10YR2/l
Ou, I O Y R 2 / I
Oe 5YR2.5/l
r0Y 4/l
l0 Y 4/l
C8:
4y 4/l
Cg-
0 2 6 oo,
26 41 Ou,
- 60 Ou,
4',7
6 0 - 8 8 ou,
88 t38 o " ,
t 3 8 , 1 5 5 o".
Oa
165- 200 Cs
5 YR 3/2
r0YR2/2
7 . 5 v R3 / 2
1 0Y R l / 1
7.5YR 3/2
7.5YR l/2
7 . 5Y R 3 / l
2.5YR 4/2
o u , l0 YR2/2
0-1'7
out 10YR2/2
17 35
3 5 - 7 1 C B , t 0Y R 4 / 1
'71
2.5YR 3/0
r02
1 0 2- 1 5 0 Cg, 2.5YR 3/0
Fibcr
(:%)
pH
PEDON BPL I
43.4
l,l (sapric) 4.2
8 (sapric)
45.3
4.5
4.8
9.5
4.5
7.8
4.2
3.6
5.9
PEDON BPL2
54.6 i2 (sapric) 4.0
I4 (sapric)
53.4
30(hemic) 4.3
53.1
4.0
10.8
4.0
9.t
3.9
8.9
PEDON BPL3
6 (sapric) 4 . 3
8 (sapric)
8 (sapric) 4.3
55.1
5 5 . 6 l6 (sapric) 4.2
32(hemic) 4.2
20 (hemic) 4 . 1
26.9
I I (sapric) 3.',7
24.8
3.6
10.6
PEDON KPI 1
10(sapric) 3 . 6
54.4
I5 Gapric) 3 . 7
54.6
3.2
11.4
3.0
8.',l
3.3
9.1
Total CEC
Base
B S Texture
(:%)
7.56
11.30
5.85
9.08
t3.52
t'7.23
9.',/3
8.25
20.'76 clv
3 2 . 5 1 Clay
5 1 . 8 3 Clay
57.68 Siltyclay
11.35
12.31
r6.01
18.07
92.t6
i36.70
28.20
2',l.93
26.07
30.32
I13.55
i05.46
r20.14
27.66
24.47
1 3 . 9 1 25.2',7
10.09
11.6/
13.36
65.42 Clay
63.93 Clay
55.07 Clay
3.63
1 2 . 1 5 I10.7
11.40 87.18
t2.4',7 87.03
14.08 100.67
17.34 1 1 1 . 3 0
16.63 5 1 . 3 8
) 7 . t 2 48.24
r 5 . 6 0 3 1 . 1 2 S;ttv"tuv
8.,{0
5.04
I3.04
t4.'78
17.99
14'/.9'/ 5.94
t3 5 . 1 7
32.98 40.22
30.59 48.30
27.40 66.08
5.07
6.01
6.79
'7.34
8.51
8.15
'7.t6
Cf"v
Clay
Clay
PEDONKP ,2
0- 16
16-34
34 65
65 82
82-91
91 114
ll4-140
140 200
o"'
0-12
t2-41
4 t- 6 5
6 5- 1 0 0
la] 122
- 180
122
I80 200
Oa
O.,
O",
o"t
o",
o"o
Oa
cg,
CB:
Cg.
oe'
Oe,
O",
Ce
5 YR 3/2
5 YR 3/2
5 YR 3/2
l 0 Y R2 / 1
10YR 2/2
10YR 5/2
l0 YR3/2
2.5YR 3/1
56.3
55.9
t0 YR 2/1
t0 YR 2/2
l0 YR 2/2
10YR 2/2
10YR 2/3
7.5YR 3/3
1 0Y R3 / l
54.9
56.4
56.3
57.0
54.9
23.8
8.4
-/.4
7.0
8.0
30 (hemic) 3 . 5 4.535 88.83 5 . 1 1
18(hemic) 3 . 7 8 . 1 0 0 125.44 6.50
24(hemic) 3 . 8 6.643 93.',70 7 . 1 4
'7.012 128.51 5.46
36(hemic) 4 . 1
15(sapric) 5 . 1 8 . 3 l 4 1 3 2 . 1 0 6.10
1 5 . 3 8 0 25.2',7 60.81 Silryclay
5 . 0 15.296 26.8',7 56.89 Clay
3 . 7 16.935 2 7 . t 3 6 2 . 5 1 Clay
PEDON KPI ,3
l4 (sapric) 3 . 7 6.038 97.07 6.24
32(bemic) 3 . 7 6.003 120.06 5.02
6 . 8 1 6 t04.'70
44(hemic)
(hemic)
4.3 3.214 t 3 5 . 1 7 2.38
56
36(henic) 4.',7 3.612 1 5 5 . 6 5
r8. 3.48
32(hemic) 4.3 3.569 1 1 4
3.4 14.890 30.06 49.54
Clav
'lt
:,
:'
,
,'''
,1.'.,,'
3l/!)ltvlll3liiA\lfG
'
'-,_
|
1 1 , t , . i :. , ' : , . . :
,
r,.:,1 ;.;
.::.
NAT(IRAL KESOURCEFANCTIONS
AND
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMEN T
Editors
J.O. Rieley
UK
Universityof Nottingham,
of Geography,
Professor
S.E.Page
tlK
ofLeicester,
University
Lectuerin Ecology,
Chairman.ofOrganizingCommittee
Bambalg Setiadi
Indonesia
BPPTeknologi,Jakarta,
Developmeni,
for NaturalResouces
ofTechnology
DepuryChairman
J
,*r|)llii-{
SYMPOSIUM
OFJAKARTAPEATLAND
PROCEEDINGS
PAGENEARFRONT
ADDITIONAL
formof citation:
Recommended
B:
J.O.andPage,S.E.(eds)withSetiadi,
Rieley,
Prolvlanagement.
andSustainable
Functions
forPeople:NaturalResource
Peatlands
Jakarta'
22-23August2001'
onTropicalPeatland'
lnternationalsymposium
ceedingsofthe
272pp.
PeatAssociation.
BPPTandIndonesian
lndonesia.
ISBN:979-95183-3-4
(BPPT)
ofTechnology
andApplication
Assessment
by :Agencyforthe
Published
(lPA)
PeaiAssociation
lndonesian
PeatSociety
by : International
Distributed
Indonesia
Printed
by : RilNusalndah,Jakarta
Availablefrom:
c/o Dr.BambangSetiadi,BPPTBuilding
PeatAssociation,
Indonesian
WithinIndonesia:
Rp.100000,-including
ll, 1gthFloor,JalanM.H.Thamrin8, Jakarta10340,Indonesiapostageand Packing
Jyvaskyla'
12,FIN-40100
Vapaudenkatu
PeatSociety,
International
OutsideIndonesia:
packing
postage
and
- US$ 30 plusmoneytransfer
charge,including
Finland
2002
O BPPTand IndonesianPeatAssociation'
MACROMORPHOLOGYAND MICROMORPHOLOGYOF COASTAL
PEATLAND FROM K,4.PUAS/BARITOAND KAHAYAN RIVER AREAS,
CENTRAL I'{LIMANTAN
F.Lusianar,Widiatmakar,S.Hardjowigeno?
rPostgaduate
Program,
BogorAgric.Univ..Jlr Memnti,KampusIPBDamaga,Bogor16144.
(r.enN20!1214)j!g!91)
TNDONEStA
'?Dept.
Fac.OfAgdcultue& Centeffor WetlandStudies,BogorAgric Univ.,Jln
ofSoil Science,
Bogorl6144,INDONESIA
Meranti,KampusIPBDarmaga.
SUMMARY
This studywascarriedout onmaqomorphologyandmicromotphologyofcoastalpeatftom Kapuas/
physical
offield observation,
BaritoandKahayanRivetareas.CentralKalimantanThestudyconsisted
TheprofilesconsistedofOa
andchemicallaboratoryanalysisandmiclomolphologicalobservation.
andOehorizonsin the organicsoil materialandCg horizonin the mineralmaterial The degreeof
oforganicmaterialvadesAomhemicto sapic Thetexturesofmineralmatedalareclay
decomposition
for thesoil in KahayanRiverareaandclayto silty clayfor thesoil in Kapuas/BaritoRiverarea.The
bases,basesaturation.
soilsftom Kapuas/BaritoRiverareahavehigl1elfiber content,exchangeable
analysis
al€a
Micromorpl'tological
Kahayan
River
to tlrcsoilfromtbe
compared
N-totalandP-available
in therelativepositionofmineral
especially
inthetwo areas,
similarityofsoil properties
indicated
wele
characteristlcs
material.Thedifferentmicromorphologic
materialto o€aiic materialandexcl.eted
gavear indicationofthe
Thea]Lalysis
in fineorganicmaterialtextulle,sizeandquantityofihe excrcment.
iDthominelalmaterial.
ofmoderfomation in theorganicmaterialandclaycoatingcharacter
existence
gy,micromorphology
I(el,rroldj.' coastalpeat,macromorpholo
INTRODUCTION
peatlandis oneofthe marginallandsin whichits chancte sticsandpotentialneedto belesearched
Thislandhasvariablecharacteisticsrelatedto
in thecontextofnationalfoodrequircment.
intensively.
andfomation factorc.coastalpeatis generallydevelopedin thealluvialfotmation.In
lts environment
soilformationin analluvialdepositionis influencedmainlyby riverwaterqualityand
thisenvironment,
(CSR'1997)has
research
Previous
marineconditionandtypeofvegetation.
topography,
discharge,
obsewahons
chamcterMidomorphological
thatcoastaipeathasvariablemacromoryhological
indicated
(1985),
micrcmoryhological
onpeatsoil,upto now havebeenalow prioriry.Accodingto Bullocke/a/
aimed
first
Thisresearch
to
be
recognized
need
stuiy relatesio soilgenesis,sothatsoilcharacteristics
aodKahayan
ofcoastalpeatin Kapuas/Barito
characteristics
to discovermacroandmicromorphological
Riveraieas.CentralKalimantan
MATERIAL AND METHODS
wascaried out oncoastalpeatlandin theareaofKahayanandKapuas/Bato Rive$ at
. :. fesearch
'-.: ::.a ofdevelopment
KalimantanThreesoilprofilesin
oftheonemillionhectare
Foject,Central
Riverarea
l.::r:n Rir er area(KPL| KPL, andKPLr)andthrcesoilprofilesofKapuas/Barito
cm,
40 - 130
of 20 40
soilwithpeatthickness
represinting
a l - . 3PL. andBPL,)werestudied.
- : .,::.: lrl - i00 cm.
68
69
luauoduroc Jlseg4uB8ro'v
IeFrlBllllosJluc;roaql'l
,{SoloqdrourorJuN llos
'lueluoJ trueSlo
F]4do ueJeptm€lqsl, . se,{\qJlq,4^
q3ItIe ot 8ur{\o'q3'Iqf,le qeleJse.{\lttjatlltu los pleurolJo JgJ eqJ leIJeF[IFFIrItuuI re3L],tIJ^ se\\
cscqJqJ ld) unq]1dg uI J.qSrq{lLmsn e,tdseseqplol
tcp4slql $depqrp,rpJst.JJuIrtonerntps
's:|os
'ttltlidDJ
dSuDqJttI uoltDJ puD dsD{ lo,oJ 'uollotntDs asvg
puEuoqpnles esrq
IIp.uI
'adoisojJrttl
'(g xrpueddv)'Id) ueqt'IdgJo eluoceseqreq8rq
ou sI eroqltI.00€-0€I lo ptt" ul.0tI-0tJo
oqtot SuI,{\oslroso,\\1eqlu.e,\\r3qlualelllp erul?i)gluSls
sseu)l.qi 1?edqlr,\\Irosurtng re,\ld uPltqD){ wql .re,nr1otrlug,'sndq41o suoBeccl$qlo l}ueluooloqSFI
oqtotselel.lslll'Id)JoHdulqlieq8qeqolspuel'IdgloHdlo,{elpueteurltoscrue8roeq1u17r1
solFadoid l€tlEroqJ IIos
'qroseseqlJo
{trliqsalorodpueo8purp,ip,{\olequoesnrrJerl}$enlx4aug slql 1rl II 9t - %8€ 9S:ue ot {elt) uopod
-t4gpne (.o/c11 69 %l 8 Tg :tuetuoc lelc) uoped'Idl{ uee^\loq ef,uoreJJlpernlxel ou sI ereqJ (g
eql'arlxal
vpuoddv) e.mlxot,{elc ,(Ts pu! ,{elcEe^eq.Ie,{e[leod eqt ropun s[€Fe1€wIe]eurt.Lr
EoS
'Id) uI utql'Idg uI e^Isuolul
]uetuoc J-crwSro q8rq.{le,lgeleru sequozrroq3J eql
-Id{Jo luoluo. .IuESro
erow sI sseJojduoqNoduorep orpesneceqst srqa 169 ueqlreqSrqf,pnsn sI
-J lerl setp.)rprrlsserDlcrqlleed eruuseql qlr.n suopedoulosJo J-crueftoJo uosuedruoJ ?-rirrSJO
'ssecord3u e13eqt;otlnsereesl:^e.6elEo^?qsuozooqFuo]eluleJetfu oqf (dIE)
nolo. qslppo]Esl)qpljeleul ueq q}I,{{Ios eIDelq.\\'pege uoqrsodurocepo18ul.\ao()LL 0l) nolo. rrl
lrep sr pr:e1erucudes4L{\ Ios eqJ suoBPcolo,4dleql tErnoJoJIIos tII ecuerejJlpou sI eleql TtoloJ
'pe.{e13
sr33'uozroq llosIeJeuIuIerlJ,/rS, -rI lueluotjaqg
o^eq(eO)uozuoq.ruIeqpuo 'olrl > $eluoJ reqg stq (eO)uozuoqcudeseqJ suopod[eupunoJ
Ileql pue (lueluoJ reqg) uoqNoduocep Jo oefep
ole suozuoqeo pu€1?oerLL sossecojdoDeue8oped
lueluoo J-crue8ro xq pJsrjetrieqc sI uozlroq q.W'adtl Watow IloS 1uo8to Wo uoltlnao4Jou
'(a xDuoddv) ,{plr ,&Is ol ,{€lcererefel ll?od
e$ ropunPuelEruIBreutuJo solnlaoleqJ cljdss o1 ueq tuo{ soll€Aped]o uoqrsoduoaepJoearSec
salladord lEqBoloqdrol'{ pue Frls,{qd
'-r:ulo1oqtlowd
reddnle^ ur uolsoreIIosJo tunoureleq8lqe setP.PuI(r I3 tZ I6) lo^fU uef,eqe) eql o1poDduloJ
(r I3 Ig t ) re^rd olueg uI (Sql) spIos Pe^losslcFloI qglq eqJ (V tlpuoddl/) re^rd ue,{€qe}I
seseql4ol s?qre^ru olueg eWJorellr,{\oqJ
ur esoqtueqtreqSrq(3r,{ pue 'EN')) uoDe,que.uoc
sa$radoJd JaIBA\ Jo aJuaJaJ0[C
NOISSnJST( CNV SJ'InSSf,
'(9t6I dqdrnt{ emperordeqtot Sr4procce
)
Jo
p.qruslpun'sN{punp.6oloqd.roruor.rurlod
solduesTIos
prDdcrdale,\\suoltesu.rDeql uolst eJe,{a
pJ€olor{djoruorJttu
rnpaNes-eJdeq
uou{snllr oesDuuoJ,(reuums
IEatuFq,fje aseFI.4d',{pn$
llladel?p
'euersn.I)
sls,{pu?Fc6oloqdlotuol.Eupue
rur orieruJotlnsJjotllfIIo ssnoslp
Ilr \ elcqlesrqJ1I002
'srcdFue
. :::r rLrurdxoesnoquccrS
JpIruoqJ,floFroqeluuo.]redo1uop,1uaoqeltq seldrunslLosaq1
t"
MicromorphologycalPrcpeftiesof Fi e OrganieM.rteriaLAganic soil matorialtypesclassified
couldnotbcrelatedto thosedeteminedby fiber content
accordingto theirdegreeof decompositjon
chancteristicscouldbe
Despiiethis,thcdecomposition
obserr'ation.
iualysisor m^cmmolphological
materialwaserprossed
identifiedonthcbasisof theircontentof finematcdal.Themorcde.omposed
resultingftom rcleaseofpigment.
ot'groundmass
bythedarkness
Micronorphological Etpression of CodrseOryanic Materful. P.ootlesiduesarecharacier-ized
by athinepidemis,withoutcuticule(Fahn,1982).andwith aroundedfofm in dosssection,whichcan
of parenohyma
bcseenby its highinledercncecolour Leafresiduesarecharacteizedby thepresence
palisadecells.Stemrcsidues
arechancterizedby thcouterepidemis.
Comparisonof MicromorphologicalChffacteristic of KPL VsRPL. Thel atiosof coalseorganic
atr:genemllyhigherthanthoBPL samples.
materialto finoorganicmateial (c/fntio) onKPL samples
wercmorevaried,whilethetextureand
FincorganicmatedaltextureandcolouronBPL samples
colouroffine organicmatctialon KPL sampleslendedto bemoreunifoml (Fig 1).
B, Mineral BasicComponent
Frequencyof BasfuMinetal Componentin SoilOryanicMaterial.Ftequencyof mineralpaticles
to be
identifiedinfall thin scctionsampleswaslow,betweenI to 57o.Therealfrcquencyis supposed
Ea.
thesoilhorizonshavehighashcontent,varyingliom 1.50tQ25.),'7
higher,because
ofbasicmincralmaterialcouldbe classilied
RelativeChronologicInterpretatio .me r,ppearancc
appearwell sortedandfresh;theselaots
inlo r\ro typcs:(i) pal1ol thcmineralbasiccomponents
jndicatethatthcmineralmaterialisdeposited
to theexistillgorganicmatedal;
morerecentlycompared
onlyby theweakbirefiingence
chanctedsed
(ii) theotlc1partof thomineralmaterialappoarobscurcd,
in oosspolarise{llight(XPL);liese]nineralnatedalarecovercdbyorganicmaterial,indicatingftat the
ofthc coveringfineorganicmatedalis morcIecentthanmineraldepositionThesc
decomposition
ili(nl
of rnillelaldcpos
oftheploccsscs
inteln.'ol lclttivcchronoloSy
couldbeintoelcted
rchtivepositiolr
ol 1l1incfal
Bothof thetwo kiids ol appcarance
ofolganic rattcldecompositionandtheprocesscs
andBPL'
in
KPL
exist
coincidently'
both
positionto thelinematcrial,
relateci
tothcirfelative
matcrial
of organicmaterialio botharcasis affectedbydvertmnspofied
Theselactsindicatethatthedeveloprnent
of organicsoil onthis areais closely
rnatodal,from pastto present.This mcansthatthecharacteristic
matedal.
ofthc rivers'kansported
relatedto thecharactedstic
oforganicsoilmaterialfrom Kapuas/Barito
Figurel, trlicrunorphologicalcharacteristics
River areas(A) and KahayanRivcr areas(B). Fine Organic Material (FOM),
Plant Rcsidue(PR).ver.ticalsection,10X.
'70
IL
uorsser8sueleroleqpue uorlErujol l€od
..ililiq rruld lool scsscaordpcrSolopedtErl se]EflpurlrEl sIrLLsseuprmol8eqtrltl!\ uotlorSelur3uo.ls
-Id)
qrr\ (t661 '7Dla Dlerqceu[) 8ur]Eo.,{mrrludot lelrrlrs srpuno]SuDeoc,(elJeqJ seldEres
'luuelelll
'Idg ur qtoq !^Juenbe.l],rol uI pu11oJ
u.oq slrq3u4ooJ{DlJ
fuf
]rreurw:n:osgl'StuJDo) t 4J
lBFa'lttr^t
IloSl"routtr{ 'II
,{lIIlloJ ,.!\ol,(lc^Delere^eq]rereqirpeseleqtuI sJros
eql'lErllsel]?crpul
otuo]srrJlepou
aql'uorlDttuoJ
uorlrpuoJrepout
eqtot petelodpuatewlroseuuf,re^puesureorar
lurld Joerntxrru
'}ueuerJxo
p srqirq,^\'pequcsepun
po1e$clurs
ouerp1q
rp,{[€]otro ,{ll-rpd
eqtrlrrtl.{d
leueprrlelqe4 € ol
repunsuoqrpuoJprumqur selgordtrod ur peulogrepoureql selcq.red
f,FJrSoloqdrou
]eedtf,etul
eqluo.,{leqdno:6llprqse ur pesredse'urur09- SZezrsolq?mr^Jo'ttr.ureJJxe,{q
p.sueppreqc
sr
tepoli\l lepoulo1esola
sIruJoloql:putoJlou seqoprsurlur.ratptll
rf
r,{\'lueuelcxe
or0'e rsuolur
Jrreurur
sIe.ml!'IlIIaqtleqtuoqtcrpurousrereq]'qi$asejsrl0uI JaporuIo uorleuuolJrllsr olF poxrl J^isualur
-uouoqJllnu p pelleJsrselcruEdlDreururr0l,r
eurjJo lurru e^rsuetur
eqt'(0961)
Fuelelrlf,m?8ro
ule^naH
ue^
ot
EulpJo.Jy
sl4uolDn
paD
qoltatow
rraDBJOanll {o 8urxrtr[
7Dl,
loraalN
(fl) X0t '(V) XSZ'uopros
'(l{d) anplsoutueldr(.rxg) tuouaDxg.(g) seaJE
Ja^JUuE,{ewy puE(v)
IE $ra
seorBJe rN olJr{r/sendrx ruo{ uollras ulqt uo luauraJJxaJo,{SoloqdrouoJJrN 'Z oJntld
'(Z 8rj) spuolno Jme8roasrpoJot esoJJeq ot puel seldturs
'sprlell]ul
14y ur luar[olJxo oql olnl.u
rruefi:oeurl o1esolceq ol spuolsoldues.Id[J ur luourcjJxc'uollrsodlueue:oxe1o ,rer,l.1olutod
eql uIo'IJ (866I 'E.D$lftC)o^muclxaaroorcq q uoD5rulseplueurerJxeroJpe^\olJelueuuor ue.Idg
.ql (I) prm'tuculuorr,\ue.]dg oqt uEql,{tr^uoElermeI ojoru pEq]ueu oir^ua.Id) orp luql clqrssods|
lr (r) :suot3a.reZ ur peterdro]uloq pFoJ tJp,Jsl1JJ.ldB uresoq]ueqtp.gr'1uepr,(|see erou st seldrues
-Id)J oql uI loaulcjaxJJoe.uctsrxeaqJ sJldruus.Idg ot pJDduroJ uJIroJ luJurJrcxacroul c,\rq
I
seldtues 1dX aqt 'tp,rltopY '7.[I sA 7(Ig lo salntooJbpad luauo.tcxg lo aosuodruoJ aql
'lUeuIODXe,fueprIOCOS
S1?potardrolur
'lueluercxe
iq p lnol lucorcrJxcJo ed,{t puoios erll elq,!\
,(r]rrlud supolerdrolurcq pFor cd,{11s:geq1
'Jcuc8ur.rje.rrq
papop1oaoue.reedde
lo rururar.xeaql a.ue8uuJor! pelop tnoqll^\ tuoruoray3(rl) puD
'sed,{l
. 'rurpu no:i qlrmtueruarlxe(t :.Id{ rn papBuoroJJlr,{llecl.
pollrssplc
otur
eqplnor sspupunot8
Z
'lr
'eunDl
rr.tu-rr.xeIo so.lrElueddl?
oqJ (9861 l2lJollng) Lu:o1prosdqleurpunolaje
los Io,{ll^D.e
.r'r.r\nrr q.rq.r 'sernlPe]oped]'rle]d.l€t
xe ]LLL sanqDolopal tuaaa.tJxglo acuD.Daddv,xuo8u!+/i g
saJnFaJopadluonrJJrxg'3
'soldnms
-Jd) cql puesaldurus eqtuee.uteq'leel
pue'urets
14g
.'.j: rrtIIruui.rr+lrpLlrrq,r'surelpd
JrJrJods
oueiEereql,{lasje^ul[o4elo30^FUISqostlJo
_:.-r irxr
srqt]oeruare]Jrp
ouUIo.molorpuuuro ld plntxcl'otl€ll,/J
aqJ
lrr.rrtrl rruuSjo
CONCLUSION
ofoa andOehorizonsin organicsoilmaterialsandCg
areaconsisted
1 . Thepedorsin theresearch
degreeoforganicsoilmaterialvariesfiom hemic
horizonsin mineralmaterial.Thedecomposition
to sapric.Thetextue ofmineralsoilmaterialareclayin Ifthayanandclayto silty-clayonKapuaV
Barito
2. Soil chemicalpropertiesin KapuasBaritofuver areaarebettelthansoil in theKahayanRiver
basesandbasesaturationin BPL
area.This is i;dicated by thehigheramountofexchangeable
thanKPL. Thesebettersoil chancteristicswererelatedto the quality ofthe waterin theriver
tmnspoftingthematerial.
chamcter
d1emicromorphological
betwe€n
sjmilarities
s€veml
indicates
analysis
3 . Micromorphological
offapuarearito niver areaandKahayanRiverarea"especiallyin therelativepositionofmineral
ofplant
characters
andmicromorphological
pedofeatures
matJal to organicmaterial,excremental
position
ofexcrement
residue.Severaldistinctivecha€ctershavebeenfoundin theamountand
Evensothereareno specificmajor
andfine organicmaterialtextue appearanc€.
pedofeatures
processes,
thisanalysisindicatesmoderformationonorganicmatedalandclaycoatingonmineral
soilmaterial.
REFERENCES
G stoopsandT Tursinal9S5 HandbookfotSoil Thin
Bullock,P, N. Fedoroff.A. Jongerius,
350p
WaineResearchPublications
SectionDescriplion.
ofhumusprofilesin hearymetal
Dijkh4 E.n 199s.i nicromoryhologicalstudyonthedevelopment
"
8 (4):341- 358'
Geoderma,
soilsunderScotspine
poilnt"d*d non-pollutedlorest
F ahn,A. lg82. PtantAnatomr.3'ded\tior,'PetmagonPrcss
danSungai
Lusiana,F.2001. Karakteristikdangenesisgarnbutpantaidi sekitarSrmgail(ap-uaslBarito
Postgpduate
MagisterSainsThesisStudyProgramofsoil Scienc€'
Kiraya4 KalimantanTengah.
Program,BogorAgriculturalUdversity.132pp'
studyoftllee methodsofwaterremovalpriorto resinimpregntion
vr"prry,-c.p.l s7e.e
"o:mparative
t'9-735
Soil Science.30l-7
oftwo soils.Jorrral
dan
. LqporunSuttteyDaerahKerja D ProyekPLG SejutaHa PusatPenelitianTanah
CSF..199'7
Agroklimat.Bogor.
andL.J.Pons.1960Soilformationin organicsoils T'r'htem Congress
vanHeiveln,8., A. Jongerius,
ofSoil Science,Madison,USA.
gg4 Saproliteinfluenceonformationofwell-dmined
Wiaiat-utq p C,tt-i, J.Pellerin,A Ruellan'1
analysis1' A J
andhydromorphichorizonin anacidsoil systemasdeterminedby stuctual
in SoilScience22:135-754
(Eds)' lgg4 Deeelopment
ningro."-Vour"-a C.S.Humphreys
Elsevier.Amsterdam,
72
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APPENDIXB
of BPL andK?L pedonatrcsearchlocation
Physicalandchemicalcharacteristics
Depth
(cm.,
orgHor
Colour
c
(%)
0- 28
28-34
34 65
65 94
94 1.34
1 3 4 -1 6 0
o a ' l0 YR2/l
ou. 1 0Y R2 / l
0- 30
30 62
62 -',78
78 94
94- 116
1 1 6 -1 5 0
ou'
C 8 , l0 YR 5/2
CB: 5 Y 5 / 1
5v 4t1
cgr
cg1 5 Y 4 / l
10YR2/l
Ou, I O Y R 2 / I
Oe 5YR2.5/l
r0Y 4/l
l0 Y 4/l
C8:
4y 4/l
Cg-
0 2 6 oo,
26 41 Ou,
- 60 Ou,
4',7
6 0 - 8 8 ou,
88 t38 o " ,
t 3 8 , 1 5 5 o".
Oa
165- 200 Cs
5 YR 3/2
r0YR2/2
7 . 5 v R3 / 2
1 0Y R l / 1
7.5YR 3/2
7.5YR l/2
7 . 5Y R 3 / l
2.5YR 4/2
o u , l0 YR2/2
0-1'7
out 10YR2/2
17 35
3 5 - 7 1 C B , t 0Y R 4 / 1
'71
2.5YR 3/0
r02
1 0 2- 1 5 0 Cg, 2.5YR 3/0
Fibcr
(:%)
pH
PEDON BPL I
43.4
l,l (sapric) 4.2
8 (sapric)
45.3
4.5
4.8
9.5
4.5
7.8
4.2
3.6
5.9
PEDON BPL2
54.6 i2 (sapric) 4.0
I4 (sapric)
53.4
30(hemic) 4.3
53.1
4.0
10.8
4.0
9.t
3.9
8.9
PEDON BPL3
6 (sapric) 4 . 3
8 (sapric)
8 (sapric) 4.3
55.1
5 5 . 6 l6 (sapric) 4.2
32(hemic) 4.2
20 (hemic) 4 . 1
26.9
I I (sapric) 3.',7
24.8
3.6
10.6
PEDON KPI 1
10(sapric) 3 . 6
54.4
I5 Gapric) 3 . 7
54.6
3.2
11.4
3.0
8.',l
3.3
9.1
Total CEC
Base
B S Texture
(:%)
7.56
11.30
5.85
9.08
t3.52
t'7.23
9.',/3
8.25
20.'76 clv
3 2 . 5 1 Clay
5 1 . 8 3 Clay
57.68 Siltyclay
11.35
12.31
r6.01
18.07
92.t6
i36.70
28.20
2',l.93
26.07
30.32
I13.55
i05.46
r20.14
27.66
24.47
1 3 . 9 1 25.2',7
10.09
11.6/
13.36
65.42 Clay
63.93 Clay
55.07 Clay
3.63
1 2 . 1 5 I10.7
11.40 87.18
t2.4',7 87.03
14.08 100.67
17.34 1 1 1 . 3 0
16.63 5 1 . 3 8
) 7 . t 2 48.24
r 5 . 6 0 3 1 . 1 2 S;ttv"tuv
8.,{0
5.04
I3.04
t4.'78
17.99
14'/.9'/ 5.94
t3 5 . 1 7
32.98 40.22
30.59 48.30
27.40 66.08
5.07
6.01
6.79
'7.34
8.51
8.15
'7.t6
Cf"v
Clay
Clay
PEDONKP ,2
0- 16
16-34
34 65
65 82
82-91
91 114
ll4-140
140 200
o"'
0-12
t2-41
4 t- 6 5
6 5- 1 0 0
la] 122
- 180
122
I80 200
Oa
O.,
O",
o"t
o",
o"o
Oa
cg,
CB:
Cg.
oe'
Oe,
O",
Ce
5 YR 3/2
5 YR 3/2
5 YR 3/2
l 0 Y R2 / 1
10YR 2/2
10YR 5/2
l0 YR3/2
2.5YR 3/1
56.3
55.9
t0 YR 2/1
t0 YR 2/2
l0 YR 2/2
10YR 2/2
10YR 2/3
7.5YR 3/3
1 0Y R3 / l
54.9
56.4
56.3
57.0
54.9
23.8
8.4
-/.4
7.0
8.0
30 (hemic) 3 . 5 4.535 88.83 5 . 1 1
18(hemic) 3 . 7 8 . 1 0 0 125.44 6.50
24(hemic) 3 . 8 6.643 93.',70 7 . 1 4
'7.012 128.51 5.46
36(hemic) 4 . 1
15(sapric) 5 . 1 8 . 3 l 4 1 3 2 . 1 0 6.10
1 5 . 3 8 0 25.2',7 60.81 Silryclay
5 . 0 15.296 26.8',7 56.89 Clay
3 . 7 16.935 2 7 . t 3 6 2 . 5 1 Clay
PEDON KPI ,3
l4 (sapric) 3 . 7 6.038 97.07 6.24
32(bemic) 3 . 7 6.003 120.06 5.02
6 . 8 1 6 t04.'70
44(hemic)
(hemic)
4.3 3.214 t 3 5 . 1 7 2.38
56
36(henic) 4.',7 3.612 1 5 5 . 6 5
r8. 3.48
32(hemic) 4.3 3.569 1 1 4
3.4 14.890 30.06 49.54
Clav