Jaringan Komputer Lanjut - 06.pptx (1,640Kb)

  Jaringan Komputer Lanjut _{Internet Protocol}

  Objektif

  

  Fungsi Network Layer _ Network Layer Protocol _ Internet Protocol _

  IP Header Fungsi Network Layer

  

  The protocols of the OSI model Network layer specify addressing and processes that enable Transport layer data to be packaged and transported. Fungsi Network Layer

   The Network layer, or OSI Layer 3, provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identifed end devices. To accomplish this end-to-end Fungsi Network Layer _ Addressing Network layer must provide a mechanism for addressing these end devices. If individual pieces of data are to be directed to an end device,

  Fungsi Network Layer _ Encapsulation Layer 3 receives the Layer 4 PDU and adds a Layer 3 header, or label, to _ create the Layer 3 PDU.

  When a packet is created, the header Fungsi Network Layer _ Routing

  

Network layer must provide services to direct these packets to their destination

host. The source and destination hosts

are not always connected to the same Fungsi Network Layer _ Decapsulation

  Finally, the packet arrives at the destination host and is processed at Layer 3. The host examines the destination address to verify that the Network Layer Protocol

   _ Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) _ Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

  Novell Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) Internet Protocol

  Internet Protocol

  Internet Protocol

  Internet Protocol

  Internet Protocol _ Unreliable in this context does not mean that IP _{works properly sometimes and does not}

_{that it is unsuitable as a data communications}

function well at other times. Nor does it mean

_{not have the capability to manage, and recover}

protocol. Unreliable means simply that IP does

from, undelivered or corrupt packets.

  Internet Protocol

  Internet Protocol _ There is, however, one major characteristic _{of the media that the Network layer each medium can transport. This}

considers: the maximum size of PDU that

_{Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU).} characteristic is referred to as the

  IP Header

  IP Header

  

  6 key felds of IP header:

  ◦

  IP Source Address

  ◦

  IP Destination Address

  ◦

  Time-to-Live (TTL) IP Header _

  Other IP header felds: _{◦ Version - Contains the IP version number (4).}

  ◦ _{packet header. Header Length (IHL) - Specifes the size of the} ◦ Packet Length - This feld gives the entire packet _{size, including header and data, in bytes.}

  ◦ Identifcation - This feld is primarily used for IP Header

  Pembagian Jaringan

  

  As our networks grow, they may become too large to manage as a single network. At that point, we need to divide our network. When we plan the division of the Pembagian Jaringan

  Pembagian Jaringan

  Pembagian Jaringan

  Pembagian Jaringan

  

  Common issues with large networks are:

  ◦

  Performance degradation

  ◦

  Security issues

  ◦ Pembagian Jaringan

  

  Performance

  ◦

  Large numbers of hosts connected to a single network can produce volumes of data trafc that may stretch, if not overwhelm, network Pembagian Jaringan

  Pembagian Jaringan

  Pembagian Jaringan

  Pembagian Jaringan

  

  Address Management _{◦ Dividing large networks so that hosts who together reduces the unnecessary} need to communicate are grouped _addresses. overhead of all hosts needing to know all Pembagian Jaringan

  Pembagian Jaringan

  Alamat IPv4

  Alamat IPv4

  Alamat IPv4

  Alamat IPv4

  Alamat IPv4

  Alamat IPv4

  

  Network Prefx

  ◦

  The prefx length is the number of bits in the address that gives us the network portion. For example, in 172.16.4.0 /24, the /24 is the prefx Alamat IPv4

  Network ^Network _Address ^{Host Range Broadcast} _{Address 172.16.4.0} /24 ^{172.16. 4.0}

^{172.16.4.1 –}

^{172.16.4.254 172.16.4.25 5} _172.16.4.0 /25 ^{172.16. 4.0}

^{172.16.4.1 –}

^{172.16.4.126 172.16.4.12 7} _{172.16.4.0 172.16.}

_{172.16.4.1 –}

_172.16.4.63

  Alamat IPv4 _ Broadcast transmission is used for the location _{of special services/devices for which the provide information to all the hosts on the}

address is not known or when a host needs to

network.

  Alamat IPv4

  

  Directed Broadcast

  ◦

  A directed broadcast is sent to all _ hosts on a specifc network.

  Limited Broadcast

  ◦ Alamat IPv4

  Alamat IPv4

  Alamat IPv4 _

  Multicast Transmission _{◦ Multicast transmission is designed to conserve the selected set of hosts. by allowing a host to send a single packet to a}

bandwidth of the IPv4 network. It reduces trafc Alamat IPv4

  Alamat IPv4

  Alamat IPv4

  

  The private address blocks are:

  ◦ 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0 _/8) ◦ 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 _{(172.16.0.0 /16)} Alamat IPv4 _

  Network and Broadcast Addresses _{◦ As explained earlier, within each network the frst and respectively. the network address and the broadcast address,} last addresses cannot be assigned to hosts. These are  _{Default Route}

_{◦ Also presented earlier, we represent the IPv4 default} Alamat IPv4