Gender and Diversity in Disaster Management
Gender and Gender and Diversity Diversity
Gender and Diversity in Disaster Management
RCRC Induction Session AHA Centre Executive (ACE) Programme
28 April 2015
Gender and Diversity
Welcome and session objectives
Presentation
- Understanding of key concepts
- IFRC’s approach to gender and diversity
- Key issues and good practice
Role play & group exercise
Identify aspects of gender and diversity
The link between gender and diversity in a humanitarian situation
Reflect on your own countries programmes and strategies
Gender and Diversity Introduction to gender and diversity Sex: refers to the biological differences between men and
women
Gender: refers to the social differences between men and
women Diversity: refers to the differences between people .
sexual orientation, age, disability, HIV status, socio- economic status, religion, nationality and ethnic origin
Gender and Diversity What characteristics do you think most describe men and women?
Gender and Diversity Examples of gender stereotypes good listeners strong breadwinner emotional well-organised aggressive weak nurturing good leaders risk-takers
multi-tasking
Gender and Diversity Vulnerabilities of gender and diversity in disasters Women, girls and boys are 14 times more likely to die during a disaster than are men
Asia Tsunami, 2004 +70% fatalities women Japan earthquake 65% of casualties were /tsunami, 2011 60+
Gender and Diversity
IFRC’s approach to gender and diversity
Gender and diversity approach:
- Fundamental and crosscutting
- Rooted in the IFRC humanitarian mandate
- Recognizes that women and men have different capacities, strengths, needs and vulnerabilities
- This can impact resilience to disaster and crisis
Gender and Diversity Fundamental Principle of Impartiality
The RCRC Movement makes no discrimination as to: Nationality
Race Religious beliefs
Class Political opinions.
Giving priority to the most urgent cases of distress
Gender and Diversity
IFRC Strategic Framework on Gender and Diversity issues
Gender and Diversity Disaster Management Cycle
Risk Factors:
Gender and Diversity Gender- and diversity- sensitive risk reduction and resilience
- Access to information
- Opportunities for skill development
- Social expectations
Gender and Diversity Gender- and diversity- sensitive response and recovery Key issues:
- Relief distribution
- Livelihoods development
Gender and Diversity Gender Based Violence
Break down in social structures leads to
reduced protection Increased stress and increased rates of
alcoholism
IDP and refugee camp environments
Gender inequality is the root cause of vulnerabilities to violence.
Gender and Diversity Indonesia (PMI) – Integrated CBDRR after Tsunami Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004, 60-75% of fatalities were women
Mainstreaming gender throughout its DM activities Gender sensitive needs assessments ensured gender & diversity sensitive disaster action planning.
Gender-related needs, concerns and capacities from community Equal male and female facilitators Gender analysis on all areas: social, environment, economic issues
Outcome: Evacuation plans and routes were safer for women,
children, the elderly and the disabled increasing overall community safety and resilience
Gender and Diversity Myanmar – Recovery after Cyclone Nargis Cyclone = 61% of victims were women
Gender sensitive early recovery programme - CFW Needs assessment teams Participation of women in FGDs Beneficiary selection – 33% female Inclusion of people with disabilities, the elderly, FHH, widows, landless labourers, MHH Equal wage
Outcome: Gender-sensitive needs assessment highlighted the
need for child-care facilities ensuring economic development without discrimination
Gender and Diversity What can we do next?
Gender and Diversity Thank you! Any questions?
Gender and Diversity Group role play activity Landia Case Study
Situation Gender and Groups and individuals
Land locked country Ethnic and cultural hierarchy Diversity Key issues Prone to natural disasters People born with disabilities –
often suspected of witchcraft Limited basic services and poor Urban superiority over rural road infrastructure Recent earthquake Gender disparities- women less powerful, less decision making ability (public & private spheres)
Drought causing food insecurity Children – responsibilities but low
(agriculture) educationIDPs and IDP settlements = Majority of IDP families are competition for resources female-headed
Lack of latrines or water points in Elderly: women – low status/ men
the informal settlements – high statusViolence and social exclusion to LGBTI Risk of violence/harrassment
Gender and Diversity Landia Ethnic Description group AMA Largest ethnic group 50% population
Light skinned & well educated
Political leadership and economic elite Official language –Amese Baa Light skinned & working class 25% of the population Cala Dark skinned 20% of the population Held in suspicion by A &B- due to skin colourGender and Diversity Landia Person-type Vulnerability or marginalization City dwellers Superior to people living in rural areas Men More powerful than women
More decision making authority Children Contribute to household labor from young age, as well as engaging in agriculture work Primary education is low Not involved in decision making Homosexuality Not openly accepted
Gay men – physical abuse
Lesbians- social exclusion
PWD Held in suspicion of witchcraft
Gender and Diversity Group activity 1.
Can you identify ways that you currently address gender and diversity in your disaster management work? 2.
What ways do you think you can further mainstream gender and diversity within your disaster management work?
Gender and Diversity Thank you! “...when gender equality is actively promoted, it can positively transform and enhance individual lives as well as societies as a whole”
Gender and Diversity Emergency needs assessment
Same assessment should be done with men and women
separately Different needs that cannot be adequately reflected by only
asking one or the other (safety, wash, daily schedules) May not wish to discuss sensitive issues in the presence of
a male e.g. personal hygiene or reproductive health In some cultures women cannot be in the same area as
men who are not related to her Equal representation of men and women an proportional
representation of the affected community e.g. elderly, youth, and minorities
PLEASE CONTACT:
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON GENDER AND DIVERSITY
CHRISTINA HANEEF (christina.haneef@ifrc.org) REGIONAL DELEGATION
IFRC GENDER AND DIVERSITY OFFICER, SOUTH EAST ASIA
RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF THIS PRESENTATION IS PUBLISHED BY SWITZERLAND CH-1211 GENEVA 19 P.O. BOX 372 FAX.: +41 22 733 03 95 TEL.: +41 22 730 42 22