development 25a size three layer metal gasket using fem simulation
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:3, 2016
'HYHORSPHQWRI$6L]H7KUHH/D\HU0HWDO*DVNHW
E\8VLQJ)(06LPXODWLRQ
6KLJH\XNL+DUX\DPD,0DGH*DWRW.DURKLND$NLQRUL6DWR'LGLN1XUKDGL\DQWR.HQ.DPLQLVKL
PRGHGLGQRWOHDNRQWKH.1D[LDOORDGZKLOHWKHJDVNHW
03DPRGHGLGQRWOHDNRQ.1D[LDOORDG+DUX\DPDHW
DO>@LQFOXGHVXUIDFHURXJKQHVVHIIHFWRIWKHIODQJHDQGIRXQG
WKDWWKHVPRRWKHUVXUIDFHURXJKQHVVRIWKHIODQJHZRXOGKDYH
WKHKLJKHUVORSHIRUIRUFHSHUXQLWOHQJWK
5HVXOWV IURP D SUHYLRXV VWXG\ DERYH GHWHUPLQHG XVLQJ D
VLQJOH PDWHULDO 686 7KH VLQJOH PDWHULDO JDVNHW FDQ RQO\
IRUPDPDFURVHDOGXHWRWKHVXUIDFHILQLVKRIWKHIODQJHVDQG
EHFDXVHWKDWZRXOGUHGXFHWKHDELOLW\RIVHDOLQJJDVNHWV)URP
SUHYLRXVVWXG\>@LWLVDOVRNQRZQWKDWKLJKD[LDOIRUFHVDUH
VWLOOUHTXLUHGZKLFKDUH.1WRSUHYHQWOHDNDJHDQG
IRU 03D VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV PLFURPHWHU LV VWLOO OHDNLQJ
)XUWKHU GHYHORSPHQW LV QHHGHG IRU JDVNHW PDWHULDO ZLWK
VXIILFLHQWVWLIIQHVVEXWWKHRXWHUPRVWOD\HULVVRIWHUWKDQEDVH
PDWHULDO VR WKDW LW ZLOO FRYHU WKH IODQJH VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV
%DVHGRQWKDWWKLVUHVHDUFKSURSRVHGWKUHHOD\HUPHWDOJDVNHW
ZLWK VXUIDFH OD\HU SURSHUWLHV VRIWHU WKDQ WKH EDVH PHWDO
WKHUHIRUH LQFUHDVH VHDO DELOLW\ EHWZHHQ FRQWDFWLQJ VXUIDFHV
7KH WKUHH OD\HU PDWHULDO ZLWK 686 DV EDVH PHWDO DQG WKH
VXUIDFH OD\HU $O &X 1L WKDW LV VRIWHU WKDQ EDVH PHWDO ZDV
FKRVHQVRWKDWZKHQFRQWDFWZLWKIODQJHVLWZLOOIRUPWKHPLFUR
VHDOWRFRYHUURXJKQHVVRIWKHIODQJH
7KH DLP RI WKLV UHVHDUFK LV WR GHWHUPLQH WKH HIIHFW RI D
GLIIHUHQWPDWHULDOOD\HUDQGWDQJHQWPRGXOXVPDWHULDOOD\HULQ
WKUHHOD\HUPHWDOJDVNHWWRPLQLPL]HOHDNDJH7KHOHDNDJHFDQ
EH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK FRQWDFW ZLGWK DQG FRQWDFW VWUHVV &RQWDFW
ZLGWK DQG FRQWDFW VWUHVV GHWHUPLQHG E\ VLPXODWLRQ DQDO\VLV
EDVHGRQDQHODVWLFDQGSODVWLFFRQGLWLRQ
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:3, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10003977
Abstract²&RQWDFWZLGWKDQGFRQWDFWVWUHVVDUH LPSRUWDQWGHVLJQ
SDUDPHWHUVIRURSWLPL]LQJFRUUXJDWHGPHWDOJDVNHWSHUIRUPDQFHEDVHG
RQHODVWLFDQGSODVWLFFRQWDFWVWUHVV,QWKLVVWXG\ZHXVHGDWKUHHOD\HU
PHWDOJDVNHWZLWK$O&X1LDVWKHRXWHUOD\HUUHVSHFWLYHO\$ILQLWH
HOHPHQW PHWKRG ZDV HPSOR\HG WR GHYHORS VLPXODWLRQ VROXWLRQ 7KH
JDVNHWPRGHOZDVVLPXODWHGE\XVLQJWZRVLPXODWLRQVWDJHVZKLFKDUH
IRUPLQJ DQG WLJKWHQLQJ VLPXODWLRQ 7KH VLPXODWLRQ UHVXOW VKRZVWKDW
DOXPLQXPZLWKWDQJHQWPRGXOXV(KDO (DOKDVWKHKLJKHVWVORSH
IRUFRQWDFWZLGWK7KHVORSHRIFRQWDFWZLGWKIRUSODVWLFPRGHJDVNHW
ZDVKLJKHUWKDQWKHHODVWLFPRGHJDVNHW
Keywords²&RQWDFW ZLGWK FRQWDFW VWUHVV OD\HU PHWDO JDVNHW
FRUUXJDWHGVLPXODWLRQ
$
,,1752'8&7,21
6%(6726JDVNHWVDUHYHU\HIIHFWLYHIRUWKHSUHYHQWLRQRI
OHDNDJH DQG DUH FRPPRQO\ XVHG LQ SUHVVXUH YHVVHOV DQG
SLSLQJ V\VWHPV LQ PDQ\ LQGXVWULHV +RZHYHU DVEHVWRV LV DQ
H[WUHPHO\ GDQJHURXV FKHPLFDO VXEVWDQFH ZKLFK FDQ FDXVH
VHULRXVLOOQHVVHV7KHUHKDYHEHHQVRPHUHVHDUFKZRUNVRQ$
FRUUXJDWHGPHWDOJDVNHWDVDQDVEHVWRVUHSODFHPHQW6DHHGHWDO
>@ IRXQG WKDW FRQWDFW ZLGWK DQG FRQWDFW VWUHVV ZHUH DQ
LPSRUWDQW GHVLJQ SDUDPHWHU WR RSWLPL]H WKH $ FRUUXJDWHG
PHWDOJDVNHW+DUX\DPDHWDO>@LQYHVWLJDWHGWKHOLPLWVL]HRI
FRQWDFWZLGWKDV$VL]HPHWDOJDVNHWGHVLJQSDUDPHWHU
,QWKLVVWXG\WKHTXDQWLWDWLYHHYDOXDWLRQRIKHOLXPOHDNUDWH
DQGFRQWDFWZLGWKRIJDVNHWZKLFKKDVQROHDNE\ZDWHUSUHVVXUH
WHVWKDGEHHQFOHDUHG)URPWKHDERYHPDWWHUFRQWDFWZLGWKFDQ
EHXVHGDVDPDLQSDUDPHWHUWRRSWLPL]HWKHJDVNHWGHVLJQ7KH
OHDNDJH FDQ EH UHGXFHG ZLWK LQFUHDVLQJ WKH FRQWDFW ZLGWK
&KRLURQ HW DO >@ VWXGLHG D YDOLGLW\ PHWKRG XVLQJ SUHVVXUH
VHQVLWLYHSDSHUIRUJDVNHWFRQWDFWZLGWKDQGVKRZQWKHVLPLODU
WUHQGGDWDEHWZHHQH[SHULPHQWDQGVLPXODWLRQ1XUKDGL\DQWRHW
DO >@ RSWLPL]H WKH JDVNHW EDVHG RQ DQ HODVWLF FRQWDFW VWUHVV
03D PRGH DQG SODVWLF FRQWDFW VWUHVV 03D PRGH
FRQVLGHULQJ IRUPLQJ HIIHFW 7KH UHVHDUFK IRXQG WKDW JDVNHW
03DPRGHGHVLJQEHWWHUWKDQJDVNHW03DPRGHEDVHGRQ
KHOLXPOHDNWHVW7KH+HOLXPOHDNWHVWVKRZVWKDWJDVNHW03D
,,0$7(5,$/$1'0(7+2'
7KH JDVNHW XVHG LQ WKLV UHVHDUFK LV FLUFXPIHUHQFH EHDGV
JDVNHW7KHVKDSHRIJDVNHWLVSURGXFHGE\PROGSUHVV7KUHH
OD\HUVKHHWPHWDOVDVVXPHGWREHIXOO\ERQGHGFRQVHTXHQWO\
WKH LQWHUIDFH GHODPLQDWLRQ LV EH\RQG WKH VFRSH RI WKLV SDSHU
7KH GLPHQVLRQ RI JDVNHW EDVHG RQ D SUHYLRXV VWXG\ >@ ZLWK
WKLFNQHVV7PPIRUHODVWLFPRGHPPIRUSODVWLFPRGH
DQGOHQJWK/PP)LJ,QWKLVVWXG\WKHWKLFNQHVVRI
WKHVXUIDFHOD\HUWZDVPP7KHEDVHPDWHULDO686
KDV D FKDUDFWHULVWLF PRGXOXV RI WKH HODVWLFLW\ (VXV RI
*3D WKH QRPLQDO VWUHVV ıVXV RI 03D WDQJHQW
PRGXOXVRI03D$OXPLQXP$OKDVDFKDUDFWHULVWLF
PRGXOXV RI WKH HODVWLFLW\ (DO RI *3D WKH QRPLQDO VWUHVV
ıDO RI 03D WDQJHQW PRGXOXV (KDO (DO (DO
(DO 1LFNHO 1L KDV D FKDUDFWHULVWLF PRGXOXV RI WKH
HODVWLFLW\(QLRI*3DWKHQRPLQDOVWUHVVıQLRI03D
WDQJHQWPRGXOXV(KQL (QL(QL(QL&RSSHU&X
KDVDFKDUDFWHULVWLFPRGXOXVRIWKHHODVWLFLW\(FXRI*3D
WKH QRPLQDO VWUHVV ıFXRI03D WDQJHQW PRGXOXV (KFX
6KLJH\XNL +DUX\DPD DQG .HQ .DPLQLVKL DUH ZLWK JUDGXDWH 6FKRRO RI
,QQRYDWLRQDQG 7HFKQRORJ\0DQDJHPHQW@ 0$ &KRLURQ 6 +DUX\DPD . .DPLQLVKL ³6LPXODWLRQ DQG
([SHULPHQWDWLRQRQWKH&RQWDFW:LGWKRI1HZ0HWDO*DVNHWIRU$VEHVWRV
6XEVWLWXWLRQ´ International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical
Engineering9RO1RSS
>@ ' 1XUKDGL\DQWR 0$ &KRLURQ 6 +DUX\DPD . .DPLQLVKL
³2SWLPL]DWLRQRI1HZ$VL]H0HWDO*DVNHW'HVLJQ%DVHGRQ&RQWDFW
:LGWK &RQVLGHULQJ )RUPLQJ DQG &RQWDFW 6WUHVV (IIHFW´ International
Journal of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 9RO SS
>@ 6+DUX\DPD ' 1XUKDGL\DQWR 0$&KRLURQ ..DPLQLVKL³6XUIDFH
5RXJKQHVVRI)ODQJH&RQWDFWWRWKH$VL]H0HWDO*DVNHWE\XVLQJ)(0
6LPXODWLRQ´ International Journal of World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology9ROSS
>@ 0+ 6HUURU ³$QDO\WLFDO VWXG\ IRU GHIRUPDELOLW\ RI ODPLQDWHG VKHHW
PHWDO´Journal of Advanced Research9ROSS
>@ 06&0DUF8VHU0DQXDO
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(3) 2016
533
scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003977
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:10, No:3, 2016
'HYHORSPHQWRI$6L]H7KUHH/D\HU0HWDO*DVNHW
E\8VLQJ)(06LPXODWLRQ
6KLJH\XNL+DUX\DPD,0DGH*DWRW.DURKLND$NLQRUL6DWR'LGLN1XUKDGL\DQWR.HQ.DPLQLVKL
PRGHGLGQRWOHDNRQWKH.1D[LDOORDGZKLOHWKHJDVNHW
03DPRGHGLGQRWOHDNRQ.1D[LDOORDG+DUX\DPDHW
DO>@LQFOXGHVXUIDFHURXJKQHVVHIIHFWRIWKHIODQJHDQGIRXQG
WKDWWKHVPRRWKHUVXUIDFHURXJKQHVVRIWKHIODQJHZRXOGKDYH
WKHKLJKHUVORSHIRUIRUFHSHUXQLWOHQJWK
5HVXOWV IURP D SUHYLRXV VWXG\ DERYH GHWHUPLQHG XVLQJ D
VLQJOH PDWHULDO 686 7KH VLQJOH PDWHULDO JDVNHW FDQ RQO\
IRUPDPDFURVHDOGXHWRWKHVXUIDFHILQLVKRIWKHIODQJHVDQG
EHFDXVHWKDWZRXOGUHGXFHWKHDELOLW\RIVHDOLQJJDVNHWV)URP
SUHYLRXVVWXG\>@LWLVDOVRNQRZQWKDWKLJKD[LDOIRUFHVDUH
VWLOOUHTXLUHGZKLFKDUH.1WRSUHYHQWOHDNDJHDQG
IRU 03D VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV PLFURPHWHU LV VWLOO OHDNLQJ
)XUWKHU GHYHORSPHQW LV QHHGHG IRU JDVNHW PDWHULDO ZLWK
VXIILFLHQWVWLIIQHVVEXWWKHRXWHUPRVWOD\HULVVRIWHUWKDQEDVH
PDWHULDO VR WKDW LW ZLOO FRYHU WKH IODQJH VXUIDFH URXJKQHVV
%DVHGRQWKDWWKLVUHVHDUFKSURSRVHGWKUHHOD\HUPHWDOJDVNHW
ZLWK VXUIDFH OD\HU SURSHUWLHV VRIWHU WKDQ WKH EDVH PHWDO
WKHUHIRUH LQFUHDVH VHDO DELOLW\ EHWZHHQ FRQWDFWLQJ VXUIDFHV
7KH WKUHH OD\HU PDWHULDO ZLWK 686 DV EDVH PHWDO DQG WKH
VXUIDFH OD\HU $O &X 1L WKDW LV VRIWHU WKDQ EDVH PHWDO ZDV
FKRVHQVRWKDWZKHQFRQWDFWZLWKIODQJHVLWZLOOIRUPWKHPLFUR
VHDOWRFRYHUURXJKQHVVRIWKHIODQJH
7KH DLP RI WKLV UHVHDUFK LV WR GHWHUPLQH WKH HIIHFW RI D
GLIIHUHQWPDWHULDOOD\HUDQGWDQJHQWPRGXOXVPDWHULDOOD\HULQ
WKUHHOD\HUPHWDOJDVNHWWRPLQLPL]HOHDNDJH7KHOHDNDJHFDQ
EH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK FRQWDFW ZLGWK DQG FRQWDFW VWUHVV &RQWDFW
ZLGWK DQG FRQWDFW VWUHVV GHWHUPLQHG E\ VLPXODWLRQ DQDO\VLV
EDVHGRQDQHODVWLFDQGSODVWLFFRQGLWLRQ
International Science Index, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:10, No:3, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10003977
Abstract²&RQWDFWZLGWKDQGFRQWDFWVWUHVVDUH LPSRUWDQWGHVLJQ
SDUDPHWHUVIRURSWLPL]LQJFRUUXJDWHGPHWDOJDVNHWSHUIRUPDQFHEDVHG
RQHODVWLFDQGSODVWLFFRQWDFWVWUHVV,QWKLVVWXG\ZHXVHGDWKUHHOD\HU
PHWDOJDVNHWZLWK$O&X1LDVWKHRXWHUOD\HUUHVSHFWLYHO\$ILQLWH
HOHPHQW PHWKRG ZDV HPSOR\HG WR GHYHORS VLPXODWLRQ VROXWLRQ 7KH
JDVNHWPRGHOZDVVLPXODWHGE\XVLQJWZRVLPXODWLRQVWDJHVZKLFKDUH
IRUPLQJ DQG WLJKWHQLQJ VLPXODWLRQ 7KH VLPXODWLRQ UHVXOW VKRZVWKDW
DOXPLQXPZLWKWDQJHQWPRGXOXV(KDO (DOKDVWKHKLJKHVWVORSH
IRUFRQWDFWZLGWK7KHVORSHRIFRQWDFWZLGWKIRUSODVWLFPRGHJDVNHW
ZDVKLJKHUWKDQWKHHODVWLFPRGHJDVNHW
Keywords²&RQWDFW ZLGWK FRQWDFW VWUHVV OD\HU PHWDO JDVNHW
FRUUXJDWHGVLPXODWLRQ
$
,,1752'8&7,21
6%(6726JDVNHWVDUHYHU\HIIHFWLYHIRUWKHSUHYHQWLRQRI
OHDNDJH DQG DUH FRPPRQO\ XVHG LQ SUHVVXUH YHVVHOV DQG
SLSLQJ V\VWHPV LQ PDQ\ LQGXVWULHV +RZHYHU DVEHVWRV LV DQ
H[WUHPHO\ GDQJHURXV FKHPLFDO VXEVWDQFH ZKLFK FDQ FDXVH
VHULRXVLOOQHVVHV7KHUHKDYHEHHQVRPHUHVHDUFKZRUNVRQ$
FRUUXJDWHGPHWDOJDVNHWDVDQDVEHVWRVUHSODFHPHQW6DHHGHWDO
>@ IRXQG WKDW FRQWDFW ZLGWK DQG FRQWDFW VWUHVV ZHUH DQ
LPSRUWDQW GHVLJQ SDUDPHWHU WR RSWLPL]H WKH $ FRUUXJDWHG
PHWDOJDVNHW+DUX\DPDHWDO>@LQYHVWLJDWHGWKHOLPLWVL]HRI
FRQWDFWZLGWKDV$VL]HPHWDOJDVNHWGHVLJQSDUDPHWHU
,QWKLVVWXG\WKHTXDQWLWDWLYHHYDOXDWLRQRIKHOLXPOHDNUDWH
DQGFRQWDFWZLGWKRIJDVNHWZKLFKKDVQROHDNE\ZDWHUSUHVVXUH
WHVWKDGEHHQFOHDUHG)URPWKHDERYHPDWWHUFRQWDFWZLGWKFDQ
EHXVHGDVDPDLQSDUDPHWHUWRRSWLPL]HWKHJDVNHWGHVLJQ7KH
OHDNDJH FDQ EH UHGXFHG ZLWK LQFUHDVLQJ WKH FRQWDFW ZLGWK
&KRLURQ HW DO >@ VWXGLHG D YDOLGLW\ PHWKRG XVLQJ SUHVVXUH
VHQVLWLYHSDSHUIRUJDVNHWFRQWDFWZLGWKDQGVKRZQWKHVLPLODU
WUHQGGDWDEHWZHHQH[SHULPHQWDQGVLPXODWLRQ1XUKDGL\DQWRHW
DO >@ RSWLPL]H WKH JDVNHW EDVHG RQ DQ HODVWLF FRQWDFW VWUHVV
03D PRGH DQG SODVWLF FRQWDFW VWUHVV 03D PRGH
FRQVLGHULQJ IRUPLQJ HIIHFW 7KH UHVHDUFK IRXQG WKDW JDVNHW
03DPRGHGHVLJQEHWWHUWKDQJDVNHW03DPRGHEDVHGRQ
KHOLXPOHDNWHVW7KH+HOLXPOHDNWHVWVKRZVWKDWJDVNHW03D
,,0$7(5,$/$1'0(7+2'
7KH JDVNHW XVHG LQ WKLV UHVHDUFK LV FLUFXPIHUHQFH EHDGV
JDVNHW7KHVKDSHRIJDVNHWLVSURGXFHGE\PROGSUHVV7KUHH
OD\HUVKHHWPHWDOVDVVXPHGWREHIXOO\ERQGHGFRQVHTXHQWO\
WKH LQWHUIDFH GHODPLQDWLRQ LV EH\RQG WKH VFRSH RI WKLV SDSHU
7KH GLPHQVLRQ RI JDVNHW EDVHG RQ D SUHYLRXV VWXG\ >@ ZLWK
WKLFNQHVV7PPIRUHODVWLFPRGHPPIRUSODVWLFPRGH
DQGOHQJWK/PP)LJ,QWKLVVWXG\WKHWKLFNQHVVRI
WKHVXUIDFHOD\HUWZDVPP7KHEDVHPDWHULDO686
KDV D FKDUDFWHULVWLF PRGXOXV RI WKH HODVWLFLW\ (VXV RI
*3D WKH QRPLQDO VWUHVV ıVXV RI 03D WDQJHQW
PRGXOXVRI03D$OXPLQXP$OKDVDFKDUDFWHULVWLF
PRGXOXV RI WKH HODVWLFLW\ (DO RI *3D WKH QRPLQDO VWUHVV
ıDO RI 03D WDQJHQW PRGXOXV (KDO (DO (DO
(DO 1LFNHO 1L KDV D FKDUDFWHULVWLF PRGXOXV RI WKH
HODVWLFLW\(QLRI*3DWKHQRPLQDOVWUHVVıQLRI03D
WDQJHQWPRGXOXV(KQL (QL(QL(QL&RSSHU&X
KDVDFKDUDFWHULVWLFPRGXOXVRIWKHHODVWLFLW\(FXRI*3D
WKH QRPLQDO VWUHVV ıFXRI03D WDQJHQW PRGXOXV (KFX
6KLJH\XNL +DUX\DPD DQG .HQ .DPLQLVKL DUH ZLWK JUDGXDWH 6FKRRO RI
,QQRYDWLRQDQG 7HFKQRORJ\0DQDJHPHQW@ 0$ &KRLURQ 6 +DUX\DPD . .DPLQLVKL ³6LPXODWLRQ DQG
([SHULPHQWDWLRQRQWKH&RQWDFW:LGWKRI1HZ0HWDO*DVNHWIRU$VEHVWRV
6XEVWLWXWLRQ´ International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical
Engineering9RO1RSS
>@ ' 1XUKDGL\DQWR 0$ &KRLURQ 6 +DUX\DPD . .DPLQLVKL
³2SWLPL]DWLRQRI1HZ$VL]H0HWDO*DVNHW'HVLJQ%DVHGRQ&RQWDFW
:LGWK &RQVLGHULQJ )RUPLQJ DQG &RQWDFW 6WUHVV (IIHFW´ International
Journal of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 9RO SS
>@ 6+DUX\DPD ' 1XUKDGL\DQWR 0$&KRLURQ ..DPLQLVKL³6XUIDFH
5RXJKQHVVRI)ODQJH&RQWDFWWRWKH$VL]H0HWDO*DVNHWE\XVLQJ)(0
6LPXODWLRQ´ International Journal of World Academy of Science,
Engineering and Technology9ROSS
>@ 0+ 6HUURU ³$QDO\WLFDO VWXG\ IRU GHIRUPDELOLW\ RI ODPLQDWHG VKHHW
PHWDO´Journal of Advanced Research9ROSS
>@ 06&0DUF8VHU0DQXDO
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(3) 2016
533
scholar.waset.org/1999.8/10003977