COMMUSTUDE Communication Strategies used by Male and Female Students in Speaking Class: Comparative Study in Muhamadiyah University of Surakarta.

COMMU
UNICATIO
ON STRATE
EGIES USE
ED BY MAL
LE AND FE
EMALE
STUDE
ENTS IN SP
PEAKING CLASS: CO
OMPARAT
TIVE STUD
DY IN
M
MUHAMM
MADIYAH U
UNIVERSIT
TY OF SUR
RAKARTA

THESIS

Submiitted to Postt Graduate P
Program of Language
L
S
Study as a Pa
artial
Fulfillmen
nt of the Reqquirement ffor the Masteer Degree in
n Language Study at
Muh
hammadiyaah Universityy of Surakarrta

By:
DIAN LAIILA ROHM
MAWATI
S
S200140077

POSTGR

RADUATE PROGRAM
M OF LANG
GUAGE
M
MUHAMM
MADIYAH U
UNIVERSIT
TY OF SUR
RAKARTA
2016

i

NOTE OT'ADYISOR

1

Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum
The Lectuer of Magister of Language Study Post Graduate Program

Muhammadiyah University of Sumkarta

Official Note on Dian Laila R's Thesis
Dear,

The Director

of

Graduate Program

of

Magister

of

Language Study of

Muhammadiyah University of Surakafia

Assalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.
Having read, examined, corected, and necessarily revised the thesis of:
Name

Dian Laila Rohmawati

NIM

s200140077

Program

Magister of Language Study

Focus on

Teaching Approach

Title

; COMMTJNICATION STRATEGMS USED BY MALE AND
FEMALE STUDENTS IN SPEAKING CLASS:
COMPARATIVE STI]DY IN MUHAMMADIYAH
LINWERSITY OF SURAKARTA

I state that this thesis is approved to be examined by the board of exarniners in
the Magister of Language Study of Muhzrmmadiyah University of Surakarta.
Wassalamu'alaikum, wr.wb
Surakarta, October 13, 2016

Advisor

Fauziati, M.Hum

I
NOTE OFADVISORII
MaulyHalwatH., Ph.D
The Lecturer of Magister of Language Study Post Graduate Program

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

Official Note on Dian Laila R's Thesis
Dear,

The Director

of

of

Graduate Program

Magister

of

Language Study of

Muhammadiyah Univenity of Surakarta

Assalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.
Having read examined, corrected, and necessarily revised the thesis of:
Name

Dian Laila Rohmawati

NIM

s200r40077

Program

Magister of Language Study

Focus on

Teaching Approach

Title

: COMMUMCATION STRATEGIES USED BY MALE AND
TPUATE STUDENTS IN SPEAKING CLASS:
COMPARATTVE STUDY IN MUHAMMADIYAH

I
.

UNTVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

I state that this thesis is approved to be examined by the board of exarniners in
the Magister of Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Wassalamu'alaikum, wr.wb
Surakart4 October 13, 2016
Second Advisor

W'*
Mauly Halwat H., Ph.D

t

'

I
APPROVAL O['THESIS FOR SUBMISSION
COMMT]NICATION STRATEGIES USED BY MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS
IN SPEAKING CLASS: COMPARATIVE STT]DY IN MUIIAMMADIYAH
UIIIVERSITY OF ST]RAKARTA
Submitted by

Dian Laila Rohmawati
Has been examined by the board of examine.. o, 18th October 2016. All feedback,
corrections, and suggestions recommended by the examiners have been considered and
revision has been accordingly made by the student.

The boards of examiners certify that the thesis is eligible for submission.

Examiner

I

DECLARATION

I am of the writer ofthe thesis:

Name
Ntrtl
Program
Focus on
TitIC

: Dian Laila Rohmawati

:5200140077
:

Magister of Language Study

: Teaching Approach

: COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED BY MALE AND

FEMALE STUDENTS IN SPEAKING CLASS:
COMPARATTVE STI.IDY IN MUIIAMMADIYAH
UNWERSITY OF SI]RAKARTA

Certiff that this thesis is definitely my own work. I am completely responsible for
its content I absolutly state that this thesis is not plagiarism or made by someone
else. The other works related to this thesis have been written in the form of
quotations. The sources of this thesis have been listed in the bibliogaphy.

Surakartq October 13, 201 6

Dian Laila Rohmawati

MOTTO

Allah does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity.
(Al-Baqarah: 286)

Contented with little, yet wishing for more
(Charles Lamb)

vi 
 

DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:

My beloved Mom and Dad, thanksfor your endless love, prayer, support and all of
your affection that make me be optimistic to follow my life.

My beloved husband and little beautiful daughter, you are my spirit. Let‘s struggle
to go out from the circle, every cloud has silver.

For all who love me, I love you all

vii 
 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, the researcher would like to say Alhamdulillahi rabbil‘alamin,
Praise be to Allah SWT the Great Creator of the universe, the Most Gracious and
the Most Merciful, just cause of the Almighty the researcher has been able to
finish this thesis and only with his blessing this thesis can be accomplished. And
invocation and peace may always be upon the holy prophet Muhammad SAW,
may peace and blessing of Allah be awarded to him, his family and his
companions. Amiien.
The researcher is sure that this thesis will not be complete without the help
of the other. Her special gratitude and appreciation go to Prof.Dr. Endang
Fauziati, M. Hum as the first consultant who has given a lot of help during the
process and finishing this thesis andMauly Halwat H., Ph.D as the second
consultant who has given a lot of guidance and encouragement, and also helped in
correcting the grammar from the beginning until the completion of the thesis.
The researcher would like to express the deepest appreciation for all those
who have given their hands to finish my graduating thesis. My thanks go to the
following persons:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M.Hum, as the rector of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta;
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study Department;
3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum., the first consultant, who gives
guidance, lot of knowledge, and criticism during the study conducted.
4. Mauly Halwat H.,Ph.D, the second consultant, who gives guidance, great
advice, and criticism during the study conducted.
5. All of the lecturers and the staffs of Magister of English Language
Program of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for all their
knowledge, help and guidance during her study;
6. Librarians of the Magister Program for their help and service of the books;

viii 
 

\

7. The researcher' beloved husband and beautifirl daught€r who always give
the researcher advice, support, spirit and praying;

The researcher' beloved father and mother who always give the researcher
advice, support and praying me;
9.

All my friends.

Finally, the researcher realizes that this research is still far from being perfect.
Therefore, any criticism and suggestion for the improvement of this thesis

will

warmly welcomed.
Surakarta, 13 October 2016
The writer

*.]'uv
Dian Laila Rohmawati

tx

be

TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER...................................................................................................................i
NOTE OF ADVISOR 1.........................................................................................ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR 2........................................................................................iii
APPROVAL..........................................................................................................iv
DECLARATION....................................................................................................v
MOTTO.................................................................................................................vi
DEDICATION.....................................................................................................vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.....................................................................................viii
ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................x
ABSTRAK............................................................................................................xi
LIST OF CODE...................................................................................................xii
LIST OF TABLE.................................................................................................xii
LIST OF FIGURES..............................................................................................xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study............................................................................1
B. Limitation of the Study...............................................................................3
C. Problem Statements...................................................................................4
D. Objectives of the Study..............................................................................4
E. Significance of the Study...........................................................................5

x 
 

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Previous Study............................................................................................6
B. Theoretical Review...................................................................................26

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Type of the Research.....................................................................................52
B. Research Subject...........................................................................................52
C. Research Object.............................................................................................52
D. Data and Data Source....................................................................................53
E. Technique of Collecting Data.......................................................................53
F. Technique of Analyzing Data.......................................................................54
G. Data Validity.................................................................................................56

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Research Finding ..........................................................................................57
B. Discussion of the Finding............................................................................122

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND
SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions.................................................................................................132
B. Pedagogical Implication .............................................................................135
C. Suggestion ..................................................................................................136

BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES

 

xi 
 

COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED BY MALE AND FEMALE
STUDENTS IN SPEAKING CLASS: COMPARATIVE STUDY IN
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
Dian Laila Rohmawati
S200140077
0857-2502-1696

Language Post Graduated Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
dianlaila50@yahoo.com
ABSTRAK
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas tentang strategi komunikasi. Tujuan
dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis strategi komunikasi yang
digunakan siswa laki laki dan perempuan pada siswa semester dua, persamaan dan
perbedaan stategi komunikasi yang digunakan, jenis strategi komunikasi yang
paling sering digunakan oleh siswa laki laki dan perempuan, serta faktor yang
mempengaruhi perbedaan pemilihan jenis strategi komunikasi yang digunakan
siswa laki laki dan perempuan pada mahasiswa semester dua pendidikan bahasa
Inggris Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian
kualitatif. Obyek penelitian ini adalah suara dari siswa kali laki dan perempuan
saat kelas speaking. Dalam mengumpulkan data, penulis menggunakan penelitian
alami, rekaman, dan wawancara. Pada analisis data, penulis menggunakan empat
langkah yaitu menulis rekaman, mengelompokkan data, menghitund data, dan
membuat
kesimpulan.
Hasilnya
menunjukkan
bahwa
siswalakilakimenggunakanstrategikomunikasi
topic
avoidance,
message
abandonment, circumlocution, approximation, all-purpose words, non-linguistic
means, restructuring, literal translation, code-switching, retrieval, fillers, gambits,
hesitation, self-initiated repair, repetition request, confirmation request,
expression of non-understanding, repetition, confirmation, repair. Dan
siswaperempuanmenggunakanstrategikomunikasi message abandonment, message
replacement, circumlocution, approximation, all-purpose words, non-linguistic
means, restructuring, literal translation, code-switching, retrieval, fillers, gambit,
hesitation, self-initiated repair, self rephrasing, repetition request, appeal for help,
clarification request, expression of non-understanding, repetition, and repair.
Kata kunci: strategi komunikasi, siswa laki laki dan perempuan, ucapan.

xii 
 

ABSTRACT
This research is mainly intended to discuss communication strategy used by
male and female students. The objectives of this research are to know the types of
communication strategy used by male and female students, the similarities and
differences of communication strategy used, the dominance communication
strategy, and the factors contributing to choosing of communication strategy by
male and female students of second semester students of Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. This research is qualitative research. The object is
communication strategy on spoken production made by male and female students
of the second semester of English Education Department in Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. In collecting the data, the researcher uses naturalistic
observation, video recording, and interview. In analyzing the data, the researcher
does some steps which involve transcribing the video, classifying the data,
quantifying, and drawing a conclusion. The result shows that male students use
topic avoidance, message abandonment, circumlocution, approximation, allpurpose words, non-linguistic means, restructuring, literal translation, codeswitching, retrieval, fillers, gambits, hesitation, self-initiated repair, repetition
request, confirmation request, expression of non-understanding, repetition,
confirmation, repair. Then female students use message abandonment, message
replacement, circumlocution, approximation, all-purpose words, non-linguistic
means, restructuring, literal translation, code-switching, retrieval, fillers, gambit,
hesitation, self-initiated repair, self rephrasing, repetition request, appeal for help,
clarification request, expression of non-understanding, repetition, and repair.
Keywords: communication strategy, male and female students, utterances

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

xiii 
 

LIST OF CODE

L

= Lecturer

FS3

= Female Student 3

MS1

= Male Student 1

FS4

= Female Student 4

MS2

= Male Student 2

FS5

= Female Student 5

MS3

= Male Student 3

FS6

= Female Student 6

MS4

= Male Student 4

FS7

= Female Student 7

MS5

= Male Student 5

FS8

= Female Student 8

MS6

= Male Student 6

FS9

= Female Student 9

MS7

= Male Student 7

FS10 = Female Student 10

MS8

= Male Student 8

FS11 = Female Student 11

MS9

= Male Student 9

FS12 = Female Student 12

MS10 = Male Student 10

FS13 = Female Student 13

MS11 = Male Student 11

FS14 = Female Student 14

MS12 = Male Student 12

FS15 = Female Student 15

MS13 = Male Student 13

FS16 = Female Student 16

MS14 = Male Student 14

FS17 = Female Student 17

MS15 = Male Student 15

FS18 = Female Student 18

MS16 = Male Student 16

FS19 = Female Student 19

MS17 = Male Student 17

FS20 = Female Student 20

MS18 = Male Student 18
MS19 = Male Student 19
MS20 = Male Student 20
FS1

= Female Student 1

FS2

= Female Student 2

xiv 
 

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1: The differences between previous studies and current study................1
Table 2.2: The taxonomy of communication strategy..........................................45
Table 3.1: The Example of Analyzing Process....................................................54
Table 4.1. Frequency of communicationstrategyused by male students............99
Table 4.2. Rank of communication strategy bymale students...........................100
Table 4.3. Frequency of communicationstrategy by femalestudents...............102
Table 4.4.Rank of communication strategy byfemale students......................103
Table 4.5.Comparisontypes of communicationstrategy..................................104
Table 4.6 Thesimilarities of comunication Strategy used.................................107
Table 4.7. The preference strategyused by male and femalestudents..............113
Table4.8.Factors contribute in differencesused of communication strategy...122

xv 
 

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Communicative competence by Celce Murcia.....................................26
Figure 2: The table of development of communicative competence............... ...32
Figure 3: Communication strategy by Brown and Levinson...............................33

xvi