WOMEN’S DISCRIMINATION IN SAUDI ARABIA REFLECTED IN CARMEN BIN LADEN’S INSIDE THE KINGDOM MEMOIR WOMEN’S DISCRIMINATION IN SAUDI ARABIA REFLECTED IN CARMEN BIN LADEN’S INSIDE THE KINGDOM MEMOIR (2004): A FEMINIST APPROACH.
WOMEN’S DISCRIMINATION IN SAUDI ARABIA REFLECTED IN
CARMEN BIN LADEN’S INSIDE THE KINGDOM MEMOIR
(2004): A FEMINIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Particial Fulfillmen of Requirements
for Getting the Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
By:
NOVA SURYATININGSIH
A 320 070 320
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERS ITY OF S URAK ARTA
2011
i
APPROVAL
WOMEN’S DISCRIMINATION IN SAUDI ARABIA
REFLECTED IN CARMEN BIN LADEN’S INSIDE THE
KINGDOM MEMOIR
(2004): A FEMINIST APPROACH
Approved to be examined
By:
NOVA SURYATININGSIH
A 320070320
Approved by the consultants
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed
ii
Titis Setyabudi, SS, M.Hum
ACCEPTANCE
WOMEN‟S DISCRIMINATION IN SAUDI ARABIA REFLECTED
IN CARMEN BIN LADEN‟S INSIDE THE KINGDOM MEMOIR
(2004): A FEMINIST APPROACH
By:
Nova Suryatiningsih
A320070320
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiayah University of Surakarta
On February
, 2011
Team Examiner:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
(Chair Person)
(
)
(
)
(
)
2. Titis Setyabuni, SS, M.Hum
(Membeer I)
3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S
(Member II)
Dean,
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I state that there is no plagiarism of the previous literary studies
which have been conducted to obtain bachelor degree of neither university nor
ideas or opinions that have been published by others except those which the
writings are referred in literature review and bibliography. Hence, if it is proven
that there are mistake in this testimony, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, 15 January 2011
Nova Suryatiningsih
NIM: A320 070 320
iv
MOTTO
“Ada Dan Bermanfaat”
“Impossible is Nothing”
“There is will there is way”
“Never Give Up”
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
Allah SWT. The Lord of Everything
My beloved Mother and Father
My Lovely old and young sisters
My Brother in law
My Big Family “ Sastroprawirorejo” and
“Soeparno”
My Beloved Friends
People who are willing to read this research
paper
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Alhamdulillahi robbil „alamin, Praise be to Allah SWT, the ALMIGHTY
God, for blessing and guiding in completing this research paper as a partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the bachelor degree in English Department.
In this opportunity, I also want to express her deep gratitude to the following
persons:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Ed., as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum., as the Head of English Department,
School of Teacher Training, and Education. Kosoemo Ratih, S. Pd,
M.Hum, as the secretary of English Department, School of Teacher
Training, and Education
3. The first consultant, Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed, who has
given his great help and guidance in finishing this research paper.
4. The second consultant, Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, as the academic
consultant and examiner of my research paper and also give me motivation
to finish my study.
5. Anam Sutopu, S.Pd, M.Hum as the consultant academic.
6. The entire lecturers in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
vii
7. My beloved father, mother, for the love, support and give me motivation
to finish my study.
8. My old and young sisters also my brother in law who give me support
everything what I do.
9. My lovely EDSO, Arwan, Sati Nur C, Anugrah, Miftahul Jannah, Ipung
Anggoro, Kritiawan Sadono, Agung, Arsida, IIn, Ikhvan, Sabila, Elly,
Sholeh, Rossy, Laili, Ajik, Widia, Ana, Alif, Eric, Mey2, Anggara, Rigi,
Adit, Ocha, Susi, Dina, Nury, Devi, Ari Komeng, Dono, Erwin, Andre,
Rani, Ari, Divi, Hanik, Heny, Khotimah, Nasib, Nur C, Nurma, Pradian,
Ratih, Risma, Tiwik, Triya, Winda, Nida, Udin, EDSOtic, EDSO Band,
EDSO lovers 2010 etc . Always positive thinking and keep our heart Guys.
Thanks for a good teamwork and also your joke, spirit, and happiness that
have been share together. Keep in touch guys. NEVER GIVE UP EDSO
didi’ane bedo dewee.
10. My lovely GEDSO, Pakdhe Bujel (Arif ai), Pakdhe Erick, Mas Anam,
Mas Dani, Mbk Okta, Mbk Tafik, Pak Heri, Mami Watik, Mb Kumae,
Teguh, Anis, Isna, Afifaah, Rani, Anggit, Rita, Mini, Antok, Reni, Nimas,
Agus, Lilik, Setyo, Dias, Tini, Ade, Arumi etc.
11. My lovely MEDS, Fitri, Soni, Agung, Amir, Yoga, Yulia, Nana Ndut,
Jonas, Bukhori, Oni, Ifah, Dini, Yesi. Titis, Arum, Trimo, dll.
12. My Lovely friends “ VIRUS”, Fajar, Reni, Trisum, Nurul, Riska, Hana,
Sari, Fovriana, Putri, Nimas, Arbi and Fahrur.
viii
13. My lovely friends, Nick El Buchari (Madam), Emma Vixel, Rara, Ananta,
Mimin, “Si Sabar”,
14. All her friends in English Department 2007.
15. And to all the many people who made this research paper possible with
thanks beyond adequate expression.
Hopefully, this research paper will be useful for those who wants to study
Carmen Bin Lade‟s Inside The Kingdom and enrich the reader‟s knowledge
dealing with the feminist approach. I realize that the research paper is still far
from being perfect. Therefore supportive criticism and suggestion are needed to
make this research paper better.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Surakarta, 15 January 2011
Nova Surya
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE
APPROVAL ........................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ...................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ......................................................................................
iv
MOTTO...............................................................................................
v
DEDICATION.....................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................
x
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..........................................................
1
B. Literature Review ....................................................................
8
C. Problem Statement ..................................................................
10
D. Limitation of the Study ............................................................
10
E. Objective of the Study ..............................................................
10
F. Benefits of the Study ...............................................................
11
G. Research Method .....................................................................
11
H. Research Paper Organization ...................................................
13
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ..........................................
14
A. Feminist Literary Criticism ......................................................
14
B. Major Principle in Feminism ....................................................
17
x
1. Women‟s Position .............................................................
17
2. Women‟s Role ...................................................................
17
3. Women‟s Rights ................................................................
18
4. Women‟s Participation ......................................................
19
C. Structure Elements ..................................................................
19
1. Character and Characterization ...........................................
19
2. Plot .....................................................................................
20
3. Setting ................................................................................
21
4. Point of View .....................................................................
22
5. Style ...................................................................................
23
6. Theme ................................................................................
23
D. Theoritical Application .............................................................
23
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICA IN THE LATE 20th
CENTURY UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF 21st CENTURY …………….. 25
A. Social Aspect ..........................................................................
25
B. Economic Aspect .....................................................................
27
C. Religion Aspect .......................................................................
33
D. Cultural Aspect .......................................................................
34
E. Political Aspect .......................................................................
36
F. Science and Technology ..........................................................
40
A. American Women‟s Condition ................................................
41
xi
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ......................................
43
A. Structural Elements of Memoir .................................................
43
1. Character and Characterization ..........................................
43
2. Setting ...............................................................................
45
3. Plot ....................................................................................
47
4. Style ..................................................................................
53
5. Point of View ....................................................................
55
6. Theme ...............................................................................
55
B. Discussion ...............................................................................
55
CHAPTER V: FEMINIST ANALYSIS ...............................................
58
A. Feminist Analysis ....................................................................
58
1. Women‟s Position .............................................................
58
2. Women‟s Role ...................................................................
60
3. Women‟s Rights ................................................................
63
4. Women‟s Participation .......................................................
64
B. Discussion ...............................................................................
65
HAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..........................
67
A. Conclusion ...............................................................................
67
B. Suggestion ...............................................................................
68
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii
ABSTRACT
Nova Suryatiningsih, A 320 070 320. WOMEN’S DISCRIMINATION IN
SAUDI ARABIA REFLECTED IN CARMEN BIN LADEN’S INSIDE THE
KINGDOM (2004): A FEMINIST APPROACH. Research Paper.
Muhammadiyah university of Surakarta. 2011.
The major problem of this study is how is women discrimination in Saudi
Arabia reflected in Carmen bin laden Inside The Kingdom. The objective of this
study is to analyze the memoir based on its structural elements and to analyze the
memoir based on the feminist analysis.
In analyzing Inside The Kingdom, the writer uses qualitative method and
feminist approach. The data sources consist of primary data and secondary data
sources. The primary data source is the memoir Inside The Kingdom itself and the
secondary data sources are the other sources related to the analysis such as the
author‟s biography, books of literary theory and feminism. The method of the data
collection is library research. The technique of data analysis is descriptive
analysis.
The outcomes of the study show the following conclusions. First, from the
structural analysis of the memoir shows that Carmen Bin Laden wants to convey
her idea about women‟s discrimination. Second, based on Feminist Approach, the
conclusion is that there is women discrimination in Carmen Bin Laden‟s memoir
Inside The Kingdom. Saudi Arabia tradition implicitly practiced that women being
placed as inferior. The discrimination for women is position, role, right and
participation.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed
Titis Setyabudi, SS, M.Hum
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si
xiii
CARMEN BIN LADEN’S INSIDE THE KINGDOM MEMOIR
(2004): A FEMINIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Particial Fulfillmen of Requirements
for Getting the Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
By:
NOVA SURYATININGSIH
A 320 070 320
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERS ITY OF S URAK ARTA
2011
i
APPROVAL
WOMEN’S DISCRIMINATION IN SAUDI ARABIA
REFLECTED IN CARMEN BIN LADEN’S INSIDE THE
KINGDOM MEMOIR
(2004): A FEMINIST APPROACH
Approved to be examined
By:
NOVA SURYATININGSIH
A 320070320
Approved by the consultants
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed
ii
Titis Setyabudi, SS, M.Hum
ACCEPTANCE
WOMEN‟S DISCRIMINATION IN SAUDI ARABIA REFLECTED
IN CARMEN BIN LADEN‟S INSIDE THE KINGDOM MEMOIR
(2004): A FEMINIST APPROACH
By:
Nova Suryatiningsih
A320070320
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiayah University of Surakarta
On February
, 2011
Team Examiner:
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed.
(Chair Person)
(
)
(
)
(
)
2. Titis Setyabuni, SS, M.Hum
(Membeer I)
3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S
(Member II)
Dean,
Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I state that there is no plagiarism of the previous literary studies
which have been conducted to obtain bachelor degree of neither university nor
ideas or opinions that have been published by others except those which the
writings are referred in literature review and bibliography. Hence, if it is proven
that there are mistake in this testimony, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, 15 January 2011
Nova Suryatiningsih
NIM: A320 070 320
iv
MOTTO
“Ada Dan Bermanfaat”
“Impossible is Nothing”
“There is will there is way”
“Never Give Up”
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
Allah SWT. The Lord of Everything
My beloved Mother and Father
My Lovely old and young sisters
My Brother in law
My Big Family “ Sastroprawirorejo” and
“Soeparno”
My Beloved Friends
People who are willing to read this research
paper
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Alhamdulillahi robbil „alamin, Praise be to Allah SWT, the ALMIGHTY
God, for blessing and guiding in completing this research paper as a partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the bachelor degree in English Department.
In this opportunity, I also want to express her deep gratitude to the following
persons:
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Ed., as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum., as the Head of English Department,
School of Teacher Training, and Education. Kosoemo Ratih, S. Pd,
M.Hum, as the secretary of English Department, School of Teacher
Training, and Education
3. The first consultant, Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed, who has
given his great help and guidance in finishing this research paper.
4. The second consultant, Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum, as the academic
consultant and examiner of my research paper and also give me motivation
to finish my study.
5. Anam Sutopu, S.Pd, M.Hum as the consultant academic.
6. The entire lecturers in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
vii
7. My beloved father, mother, for the love, support and give me motivation
to finish my study.
8. My old and young sisters also my brother in law who give me support
everything what I do.
9. My lovely EDSO, Arwan, Sati Nur C, Anugrah, Miftahul Jannah, Ipung
Anggoro, Kritiawan Sadono, Agung, Arsida, IIn, Ikhvan, Sabila, Elly,
Sholeh, Rossy, Laili, Ajik, Widia, Ana, Alif, Eric, Mey2, Anggara, Rigi,
Adit, Ocha, Susi, Dina, Nury, Devi, Ari Komeng, Dono, Erwin, Andre,
Rani, Ari, Divi, Hanik, Heny, Khotimah, Nasib, Nur C, Nurma, Pradian,
Ratih, Risma, Tiwik, Triya, Winda, Nida, Udin, EDSOtic, EDSO Band,
EDSO lovers 2010 etc . Always positive thinking and keep our heart Guys.
Thanks for a good teamwork and also your joke, spirit, and happiness that
have been share together. Keep in touch guys. NEVER GIVE UP EDSO
didi’ane bedo dewee.
10. My lovely GEDSO, Pakdhe Bujel (Arif ai), Pakdhe Erick, Mas Anam,
Mas Dani, Mbk Okta, Mbk Tafik, Pak Heri, Mami Watik, Mb Kumae,
Teguh, Anis, Isna, Afifaah, Rani, Anggit, Rita, Mini, Antok, Reni, Nimas,
Agus, Lilik, Setyo, Dias, Tini, Ade, Arumi etc.
11. My lovely MEDS, Fitri, Soni, Agung, Amir, Yoga, Yulia, Nana Ndut,
Jonas, Bukhori, Oni, Ifah, Dini, Yesi. Titis, Arum, Trimo, dll.
12. My Lovely friends “ VIRUS”, Fajar, Reni, Trisum, Nurul, Riska, Hana,
Sari, Fovriana, Putri, Nimas, Arbi and Fahrur.
viii
13. My lovely friends, Nick El Buchari (Madam), Emma Vixel, Rara, Ananta,
Mimin, “Si Sabar”,
14. All her friends in English Department 2007.
15. And to all the many people who made this research paper possible with
thanks beyond adequate expression.
Hopefully, this research paper will be useful for those who wants to study
Carmen Bin Lade‟s Inside The Kingdom and enrich the reader‟s knowledge
dealing with the feminist approach. I realize that the research paper is still far
from being perfect. Therefore supportive criticism and suggestion are needed to
make this research paper better.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Surakarta, 15 January 2011
Nova Surya
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE
APPROVAL ........................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ...................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ......................................................................................
iv
MOTTO...............................................................................................
v
DEDICATION.....................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................
x
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..........................................................
1
B. Literature Review ....................................................................
8
C. Problem Statement ..................................................................
10
D. Limitation of the Study ............................................................
10
E. Objective of the Study ..............................................................
10
F. Benefits of the Study ...............................................................
11
G. Research Method .....................................................................
11
H. Research Paper Organization ...................................................
13
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ..........................................
14
A. Feminist Literary Criticism ......................................................
14
B. Major Principle in Feminism ....................................................
17
x
1. Women‟s Position .............................................................
17
2. Women‟s Role ...................................................................
17
3. Women‟s Rights ................................................................
18
4. Women‟s Participation ......................................................
19
C. Structure Elements ..................................................................
19
1. Character and Characterization ...........................................
19
2. Plot .....................................................................................
20
3. Setting ................................................................................
21
4. Point of View .....................................................................
22
5. Style ...................................................................................
23
6. Theme ................................................................................
23
D. Theoritical Application .............................................................
23
CHAPTER III: SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICA IN THE LATE 20th
CENTURY UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF 21st CENTURY …………….. 25
A. Social Aspect ..........................................................................
25
B. Economic Aspect .....................................................................
27
C. Religion Aspect .......................................................................
33
D. Cultural Aspect .......................................................................
34
E. Political Aspect .......................................................................
36
F. Science and Technology ..........................................................
40
A. American Women‟s Condition ................................................
41
xi
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ......................................
43
A. Structural Elements of Memoir .................................................
43
1. Character and Characterization ..........................................
43
2. Setting ...............................................................................
45
3. Plot ....................................................................................
47
4. Style ..................................................................................
53
5. Point of View ....................................................................
55
6. Theme ...............................................................................
55
B. Discussion ...............................................................................
55
CHAPTER V: FEMINIST ANALYSIS ...............................................
58
A. Feminist Analysis ....................................................................
58
1. Women‟s Position .............................................................
58
2. Women‟s Role ...................................................................
60
3. Women‟s Rights ................................................................
63
4. Women‟s Participation .......................................................
64
B. Discussion ...............................................................................
65
HAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ..........................
67
A. Conclusion ...............................................................................
67
B. Suggestion ...............................................................................
68
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii
ABSTRACT
Nova Suryatiningsih, A 320 070 320. WOMEN’S DISCRIMINATION IN
SAUDI ARABIA REFLECTED IN CARMEN BIN LADEN’S INSIDE THE
KINGDOM (2004): A FEMINIST APPROACH. Research Paper.
Muhammadiyah university of Surakarta. 2011.
The major problem of this study is how is women discrimination in Saudi
Arabia reflected in Carmen bin laden Inside The Kingdom. The objective of this
study is to analyze the memoir based on its structural elements and to analyze the
memoir based on the feminist analysis.
In analyzing Inside The Kingdom, the writer uses qualitative method and
feminist approach. The data sources consist of primary data and secondary data
sources. The primary data source is the memoir Inside The Kingdom itself and the
secondary data sources are the other sources related to the analysis such as the
author‟s biography, books of literary theory and feminism. The method of the data
collection is library research. The technique of data analysis is descriptive
analysis.
The outcomes of the study show the following conclusions. First, from the
structural analysis of the memoir shows that Carmen Bin Laden wants to convey
her idea about women‟s discrimination. Second, based on Feminist Approach, the
conclusion is that there is women discrimination in Carmen Bin Laden‟s memoir
Inside The Kingdom. Saudi Arabia tradition implicitly practiced that women being
placed as inferior. The discrimination for women is position, role, right and
participation.
Consultant I
Consultant II
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed
Titis Setyabudi, SS, M.Hum
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si
xiii