A STUDY ON THE DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES IN THE ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED ENGLISH FOR A STUDY ON THE DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES IN THE ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED ENGLISH FOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS.

A STUDY ON THE DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES IN THE

ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED ENGLISH FOR

VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for getting Bachelor Degree of Education

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

By

M aya A n

M aya A n i ssa

i ssa

A . 320. 020. 173 A . 320. 020. 173

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

APPROVAL

A STUDY ON THE DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES IN THE

ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED ENGLISH FOR

VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS

By

Maya Anissa

A.320.020.173

Approved By:

Consultant I, Consultant II,

ACCEPTANCE

Acceptance and Approved by the Board of Examiners Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muhammadiyah Univers ity of Surakarta

On

The Board of Examiners:

1. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi,M.Hum ( )

Chair Person

2. Dra. Rini Fatmawati, M.Pd ( )

Member I

3. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum ( )

Member II

Teacher Training and Education Faculty Dean

A. Drs.H.Sofyan Anif,M.Si NIK.547

MOTTO

Perbedaan bukanlah alasan untuk memisahkan dua hal, karena sesuatu yang Perbedaan bukanlah alasan untuk memisahkan dua hal, karena sesuatu yang l ebi h i ndah j ust r u ak an t er ci pt a dengan menyat uk an k eduanya. l ebi h i ndah j ust r u ak an t er ci pt a dengan menyat uk an k eduanya. H ujan dan mat ahari adalah dua hal yang sangat berbeda, t api… . But uh H ujan dan mat ahari adalah dua hal yang sangat berbeda, t api… . But uh k

keduanya hadir bersama unt uk kit a dapat melihat keindahan warnaeduanya hadir bersama unt uk kit a dapat melihat keindahan warna--warni warni pel a n gi .

pel a n gi .

(The Writer)

A good pl an t oday i s bet t er t han a per f ect pl an t omor r ow . A good pl an t oday i s bet t er t han a per f ect pl an t omor r ow .

DEDICATION

Whole-heartedly dedicated to:

§ My beloved Father and Mother

§ My beloved Brother

§ My beloved Grandma

§ My Beloved Schatzy, the holder of my rib

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah SWT the merciful and the compassionate, the writer aware that without Allah’s permission she is not able to finish her research paper entitled “A STUDY ON THE DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES IN THE ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED ENGLISH FOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS”, as requirement for getting Bachelor degree of education in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. In the research paper, she realizes that this study will be impossible to be completed without the participation of all parties who have encouraged and supported her with help, advice, guidance and suggestion in conducting the research paper. Her special gratitude and appreciation are intended for:

1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M Si as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

2. Koesoemo Ratih, SPd, M.Hum as the Head of English Department.

3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi.M.Hum, as the first consultant, for being a good friend of discussion and who is performing a valuable guidance, encouragement and critique during this study.

4. Dra. Rini Fatmawati, M.Pd, as the second consultant for her great advice helpful guide and information for the completion of this research.

6. Her beloved Father and Mother for their prayer and affection to her. 7. Her beloved Brother “Ucok” who has supported and motivated her. 8. Her beloved Grandma for her advice and patience.

9. Her beloved “SCHATZY” for giving the best day of her life. I Love you today, tomorrow, forever, and ever after.

10. Her “missing” beloved friend Dhania, I miss you girl!!!!

11. Her beloved friends, Tyas, Indry, Indah thanks for being her best friend.

12. Her dearest and closest friends, Retna, Rining, Chooey, Jupit, Jeng Sri, Ana, Tya’, Dwie, Nana, Didik, thank to all of you for meaningful lovely friendship and togetherness.

13. All of her friends in English Department.

Finally, the writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect and still needs many improvements. However, the writer hopes this research paper will be useful for readers.

Surakarta, 2007

SUMMARY

Maya Anissa. A 320 020 173 “A STUDY ON THE DIRECTIVE

UTTERANCES IN THE ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED ENGLISH FOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS“. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2006.

This research is aimed at identifying the forms, finding out the speaker’s intention, and clarifying the politeness pattern of directive utterances. To identifying the forms, the writer refers to the linguistic elements especially the sentence. In finding out the speaker’s intention, the writer uses pragmatics analysis especially the speech act theory. In clarifying the politeness pattern, the writer refers to the face theory that is based on the politeness strategies.

In collecting data, the writer uses document method by selecting the directive utterances which can be found in the data sources. The sources of the data are the English Textbook entitled English for Vocational Schools published by LP2IP Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta for the Novice and Elementary level.

She finds that there are three forms of sentences used in expressing the directive utterance, namely: imperative, interrogative, and declarative forms. Related to the speaker’s intention, the writer finds six kinds of directive utterances namely: commanding, requesting, inviting, suggesting, warning, and prohibiting. The politeness pattern that is used in expressing directive utterance, the writer finds that there are four politeness strategies that are applied namely: bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness and off record strategy.

Consultant I Consultant II

Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ar.,M.Hum Dra. Rini Fatmawati M.Pd

NIK. 225 NIK. 562

Teacher Training and Education Faculty Dean,

Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si NIK. 547

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE... i

APPROVAL... ii

ACCEPTANCE... iii

MOTTO... iv

DEDICATION... v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... vi

SUMMARY... viii

TABLE OF CONTENT... ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION... 1

A. Background of the Study... 1

B. Previous Study... 4

C. Limitation of the Study... 5

D. Problem Statements... 6

E. Objectives of the Study ... 6

F. Benefits of the Study... 6

G. Organization of the Thesis... 8

CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY... 9

A. Competence–Based Curriculum... 9

C. The Notion of English Textbook ... 13

D. Directive Utterances ... 14

1. The notion of Directive Utterances ... 14

2. The Classification of Directive Utterances... 15

3. The Form... 17

E. Speech Act ... 18

F. Politeness strategy... 21

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD... 24

A. Type of Research... 24

B. Objects of the Research ... 24

C. Data and Data Sources... 24

D. Method of Data Collection ... 24

E. Technique of Data Analysis... 25

CHAPTER IV RESULT OF THE STUDY... 26

A. Data Analysis ... 26

1. Analysis of Forms of Directive Utterances... 26

2. Analysis of the Speaker’s Intention in Saying the Directive Utterances ... 33

3. Analysis of the Politeness Pattern Used in the Directive Utterance... 40

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS... 52 B. Conclusions... 52 C. Suggestions ... 54

BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah SWT the merciful and the compassionate, the writer aware that without Allah’s permission she is not able to finish her research paper entitled “A STUDY ON THE DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES IN THE ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED ENGLISH FOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS”, as requirement for getting Bachelor degree of education in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. In the research paper, she realizes that this study will be impossible to be completed without the participation of all parties who have encouraged and supported her with help, advice, guidance and suggestion in conducting the research paper. Her special gratitude and appreciation are intended for:

1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M Si as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

2. Koesoemo Ratih, SPd, M.Hum as the Head of English Department.

3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi.M.Hum, as the first consultant, for being a good friend of discussion and who is performing a valuable guidance, encouragement and critique during this study.

4. Dra. Rini Fatmawati, M.Pd, as the second consultant for her great advice helpful guide and information for the completion of this research.

6. Her beloved Father and Mother for their prayer and affection to her. 7. Her beloved Brother “Ucok” who has supported and motivated her. 8. Her beloved Grandma for her advice and patience.

9. Her beloved “SCHATZY” for giving the best day of her life. I Love you today, tomorrow, forever, and ever after.

10. Her “missing” beloved friend Dhania, I miss you girl!!!!

11. Her beloved friends, Tyas, Indry, Indah thanks for being her best friend.

12. Her dearest and closest friends, Retna, Rining, Chooey, Jupit, Jeng Sri, Ana, Tya’, Dwie, Nana, Didik, thank to all of you for meaningful lovely friendship and togetherness.

13. All of her friends in English Department.

Finally, the writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect and still needs many improvements. However, the writer hopes this research paper will be useful for readers.

Surakarta, 2007

SUMMARY

Maya Anissa. A 320 020 173 “A STUDY ON THE DIRECTIVE

UTTERANCES IN THE ENGLISH TEXTBOOK ENTITLED ENGLISH FOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS“. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2006.

This research is aimed at identifying the forms, finding out the speaker’s intention, and clarifying the politeness pattern of directive utterances. To identifying the forms, the writer refers to the linguistic elements especially the sentence. In finding out the speaker’s intention, the writer uses pragmatics analysis especially the speech act theory. In clarifying the politeness pattern, the writer refers to the face theory that is based on the politeness strategies.

In collecting data, the writer uses document method by selecting the directive utterances which can be found in the data sources. The sources of the data are the English Textbook entitled English for Vocational Schools published by LP2IP Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta for the Novice and Elementary level.

She finds that there are three forms of sentences used in expressing the directive utterance, namely: imperative, interrogative, and declarative forms. Related to the speaker’s intention, the writer finds six kinds of directive utterances namely: commanding, requesting, inviting, suggesting, warning, and prohibiting. The politeness pattern that is used in expressing directive utterance, the writer finds that there are four politeness strategies that are applied namely: bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness and off record strategy.

Consultant I Consultant II

Dra. Siti Zuhriah Ar.,M.Hum Dra. Rini Fatmawati M.Pd

NIK. 225 NIK. 562

Teacher Training and Education Faculty Dean,

Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si NIK. 547

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE... i

APPROVAL... ii

ACCEPTANCE... iii

MOTTO... iv

DEDICATION... v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... vi

SUMMARY... viii

TABLE OF CONTENT... ix

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION... 1

A. Background of the Study... 1

B. Previous Study... 4

C. Limitation of the Study... 5

D. Problem Statements... 6

E. Objectives of the Study ... 6

F. Benefits of the Study... 6

G. Organization of the Thesis... 8

CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY... 9

A. Competence–Based Curriculum... 9

C. The Notion of English Textbook ... 13

D. Directive Utterances ... 14

1. The notion of Directive Utterances ... 14

2. The Classification of Directive Utterances... 15

3. The Form... 17

E. Speech Act ... 18

F. Politeness strategy... 21

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD... 24

A. Type of Research... 24

B. Objects of the Research ... 24

C. Data and Data Sources... 24

D. Method of Data Collection ... 24

E. Technique of Data Analysis... 25

CHAPTER IV RESULT OF THE STUDY... 26

A. Data Analysis ... 26

1. Analysis of Forms of Directive Utterances... 26

2. Analysis of the Speaker’s Intention in Saying the Directive Utterances ... 33

3. Analysis of the Politeness Pattern Used in the Directive Utterance... 40

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS... 52 B. Conclusions... 52 C. Suggestions ... 54

BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX