Schizoprenia as reflected in the main character in Patrick Suskind`s Perfume - USD Repository
IN PATRICK SUSKIND’S PERFUME
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of Requirements
For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra In English Letters
By ANDRE HONJI HASCARYO
Student Number : 044214052
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJISCHIZOPRENIA AS REFLECTED IN THE MAIN CHARACTER
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2011
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Love Yourself and Others will Follow”
El Milagro This undergraduate thesis is dedicated for my mom as the best mom in the universe
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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN
PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma : Nama : Andre Honji Hascaryo Nomor Mahasiswa : 044214052
Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul :
SCHIZOPRENIA AS REFLECTED IN THE MAIN CHARACTER
IN PATRICK SUSKIND’S PERFUME
Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di Internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal : 30 September 2011 Yang menyatakan Andre Honji Hascaryo
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I would like say the greatest thanks to my Lord Jesus Christ and the universe for their greatest love for me that I can finish this thesis and for making me as I am right now. Without their love, I am nothing in this world.
Furthermore, it is very impossible to finish this thesis without the help of others. Therefore, I would like to thank my lecturer, my advisor, my idol and my role model, Tatang Iskarna, S.S., M.Hum for his patience and guidance. For Ni Luh Putu for her willingness to be my co-advisor and to all the people in Sanata Dharma University
My very special gratitude goes to my inspiration, my guru, my best friend, my father, M.A Pratomo Putra who always support me when I’m down and my mother, Istiari Yuniati who always forces me to finish this thesis. Their love for me will never end till the world ends.
The last person I want to thank is Dwi Ayu Mustika Wati, my lovely fiancée who always helps me to edit this thesis, support me and always be my side every time I work on this thesis.
Honji
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE............................................................................................................... i APPROVAL PAGE ........................................................................................ ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ................................................................................... iii MOTTO PAGE………………………………………………………………... iv DEDICATION PAGE……………………………………………………….. v LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI....................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………….. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ viii ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………… ix ABSTRAK …………………………………………………………………….. x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION. ................................................................ 1
A. Background of the Study ....................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ............................................................................ 3 C. Objectives of the Study ......................................................................... 4 D. Definition of Terms .............................................................................. 4CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW. ............................................... 5
A. Review of Related Studies .................................................................... 5 B. Review of Related Theories ................................................................. 81. Theories on Character and Characterization ................................. 9
2. Theory on Schizophrenia ............................................................. 10
3. The Relation Between Psychology and Literature ........................ 19
C. Theoretical Framework ......................................................................... 20
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY……………………………………… 21 A. Object of the Study ................................................................................ 21 B. Approach of the Study .......................................................................... 21 C. Method of the Study ............................................................................. 22 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS………………………………………………... 24 A. The Characteristics of Main Character ................................................. 24 B. Schizophrenia as Reflected in the Main Character................................ 30
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION…………………………………………….. 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………...........................................……… 51APPENDIX: SUMMARY OF PERFUME ………………………….......... 53
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ABSTRACT
ANDRE HONJI HASCARYO (2011). Schizophrenia as Reflected in the Main
Character in Patrick Suskind’s Perfume. Yogyakarta : Departement of English
Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University.There are a lot of types of literature in this world, one of them is novel. This undergraduate thesis will discuss a novel written by a remarkable French author named Patrick Suskind. Perfume tells about a person who suffered from Schizophrenia named Jean Baptiste Grenouille. Unwanted birth, unhealthy environment, and unhappy childhood make this person grow into an introvert person and have abnormal and radical paradigm.
Even though he has a mental disorder, Grenouille has an amazing ability which can not be owned by any other persons in the world, a remarkable sense of smell. He is able to differentiate all scents that he smells and this ability makes him a genius perfumer. Because of this reason, he is obsessed to create a perfect perfume made by 25 virgins’ essence at that time. In this thesis, I tried to analyze the characteristic of the main character how the characteristics represents the mental disorder that he suffered from.
In this thesis, I analyzed some of main character’s characteristic and how his characteristic reflects Schizophrenia. Living as a person who suffers Schizophrenia is not very delightful. There are few people who can follow and understand his way of thinking. A person who suffers this mental disorder will have some symptoms such as delusion, social withdrawal and extreme reaction
In the analysis I used psychological approach since this approach is the most compatible with the main character’s problem. I also used couple of theories that help my analysis, that are theory of characterization and theory of Schizophrenia.
From the whole analysis, I concluded that the characteristics of the main character which are genius in making perfume, ambitious in legalize everything to get what he wants, and other things are the reflection of people who suffers mental disorder. Beside the characteristics, Schizophrenia can be reflected by the way people think and the way people act during his life. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
ABSTRAK
ANDRE HONJI HASCARYO (2011). Schizophrenia as Reflected in the Main
Character in Patrick Suskind’s Perfume. Yogyakarta : Jurusan Sastra Inggris,
Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.Ada banyak jenis karya sastra di dunia ini, dan salah satunya adalah novel. Skripsi ini akan membahas sebuah novel karya penulis luar biasa dari Perancis bernama Patrick Suskind. Di karyanya yang berjudul Perfume ini diceritakan seorang penderita Skizofrenia yang bernama Jean Baptiste Grenouille. Kelahiran yang tidak diinginkan, lingkungan yang tidak sehat, masa kecil yang sangat tidak bahagia, membuatnya tumbuh menjadi sosok yang tertutup dan mempunyai pola pikir yang kurang normal dan radikal.
Walaupun mempunyai kelainan jiwa, Grenouille mempunyai keahlian yang sangat amat luar biasa dan jarang dimiliki oleh siapapun di dunia ini. Daya penciuman yang sangat luar biasa. Dia dapat membedakan seluruh aroma yang pernah dia cium dan ini membuatnya menjadi seorang jenius dibidang pembuatan parfum dan karenanya, dia terobsesi membuat parfum yang sempurna yang dibuat dari esens 25 perawan di jamannya. Di dalam skripsi ini saya mencoba menganalisa karakteistik sang tokoh utama dan bagaimana karakteristik tersebut mencerminkan gangguan mental yang dialaminya.
Dalam skripsi ini, saya menganalisa beberapa karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh tokoh utamanya dan bagaimana karakteristik tersebut mencerminkan Skizofrenia.Hidup seorang yang mempunyai gangguan jiwa berupa Skizofrenia sangatlah tidak menyenangkan. Hampir tidak ada orang yang bisa mengikuti atau mengerti apa yang dia pikirkan. Seorang yang menderita gangguan jiwa ini akan mengalamai beberapa gejala seperti mempunyai delusi, penarikan diri dari dunia sosial dan reaksi yang ekstrim.
Di dalam analisa tersebut saya menggunakan pendekatan secara psikologis karena pendekatan ini memang yang paling sesuai dengan masalah yang dialami oleh si tokoh utama. Selain pendekatan psikologi, saya juga menggunakan beberapa teori untuk membantu analisa saya, yaitu teori karakterisasi dan teori Skizofrenia.
Dari keseluruhan analisa, saya berhasil menyimpulkan bahwa karakteristik sang tokoh utama yang jenius dalam hal membuat parfum, kejam dalam hal membunuh korbannya, ambisius ketika menghalalkan segala cara untuk mendapatkan apa yang dia inginkan, dan hal lainnya bisa dijadikan gambaran bahwa dia memang mempunyai gangguan jiwa. Gangguan jiwa ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, seperti trauma masa kecil, kurangnya perhatian dari orang tua, lingkungan sosial yang kurang mendukung, lingkungan hidup yang kurang sehat, dan lain sebagainya. Selain dari karakteristiknya, orang yang menderita Skizofrenia bisa terlihat dari cara dia berpikir dan bertindak selama hidupnya. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Literature, as a tool to express ideas or opinions, tries to help readers
to understand the history of a society in particular time. By reading literary works, the readers are expected to know the history of a society in particular time in which the readers learn the life style, the norms, the customs, and the difficulties that people deal with in the society.
There are several types of literature. One type of literature is a novel. A novel is able to open the readers understanding of truth and life as the characters do in it. The author also has many influences to develop the character and plays them in the story. The author shares his or her intuition, inspiration, and creative imagination to the reader through his or her work. By reading a novel, someone can arouse his or her imagination, feeling, emotion, and it can cause blurrily the border between reality and fiction or non-reality.
Some of the authors considered as famous authors are Agatha Christie who is well known with her works in mystery and detective novels, Barbara Cartland with her romance novels, Stephen King who is famous with his novels that mostly talk about mystery, horror, and thriller, Herbert George Wells with his science-fiction novels, and many more writers can fulfill the needs of reading for the people in the early era of the twentieth century with their novels.
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One of the authors in the twentieth century that was considered famous with his works in German as well as in international areas is Patrick Suskind.
The writer takes literature and novel as the topic and the specification of his study. For this, the writer has chosen Perfume, a novel written by Patrick Suskind. Patrick Suskind was a German writer that became famous because of his works; one of his phenomenal novels was his first work, entitled Perfume.
It is very interesting novel because it has a strong and powerful main character. Generally, a character will get a large attention from people in a literature discussion because people can more understand the story by observing the character in a novel. It means that the character is able to lead or guide people to know the events and the problems that happen in the story. In other words, the character is important element on literary works.
This novel has one main character named Jean-Baptiste Grenouille, a period serial-killer who was born in Paris in 1738 and born without a personal odor. His motivation of being serial killer is interesting thing that enriches this novel. He killed twenty five virgins just to fulfill his obsession over scents.
This action is absolutely extraordinary and will not be done by a normal person. It is very obvious that the main character has a mental disorder.
There are several types of mental disorder. One of them is Schizophrenia. This mental disorder is very famous since a lot of people in the world suffer this kind of mental disorder.
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In some cases, people who suffer Schizophrenia are dangerous. People who suffers this mental disorder tend to harm them self and people around him. Jean-Baptiste Grenouille as the main character of this novel is a dangerous yet a genius person. He kills twenty five virgin to fulfill his mission to make a perfect perfume and he does not even feel guilty about it. Besides, he is not afraid of the punishments that already wait for him.
Besides the reason mentioned, the uniqueness of this novel also lies on the detail description of the scents. Hundreds of scents are described in Patrick Suskind's novel, the smell of a blossoming woman, the metallic tang of a doorknob, the soft creamy sheep wool, oaky warmth of wood pulp, oranges ripening with juice, the moonlight cape of magnolias, the fresh windy smell of a puppy and finally, Grenouille's perfect perfume composed of twenty five virgin girls.
B. Problem Formulation
In order to guide the subjects under discussion, the writer limits the analysis into two problems formulated as follows:
1. How is the main character described? 2. How can the schizophrenia be reflected in the main character?.
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Objective of the Study
The purpose of this study is to describe and give the answers of the two problems formulation that stated above.
First is to find out the characteristic of main character, Jean-Baptiste Grenouille. Second, this thesis is aimed at exploring the mental disorder, in this case Schizophrenia which is reflected in Grenouille’s character.
D. Definition of Terms Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder or group of disorders characterized by chaos in the form and content of thought (e.g. delusions, hallucinations), in mood (e.g., inappropriate affect, in a sense of himself and his relationship with the outside world (e.g. loss of ego boundaries, withdrawal), and in behavior (e.g., strange behavior and seemingly without purpose). Disorders related to the primary function of providing a normal human being a sense of individuality, uniqueness, and self referral. (David, 1999:165-176) PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW This chapter consists of three parts. The first part is the review of
related studies. The second part is review of related theories and the last is the theoretical framework. Review of related studies is to review the related studies, the review from the other reader and critiques that help the writer to find out the point of view. Second, the review of related theories consists of the theory of character and characterization. This theory is used to describe the character of the main characters. After that the writer uses theory of Schizophrenia to find the answer from problem formulation. The last is theoretical framework, this part uses to show the main supporting idea with deals to the theory in analyze the problem formulation.
A. Review of Related Studies
Patrick Suskind was born in Ambach, Germany, in 1949. Until today, He lives and writes some novels in Munich. Perfume is the first novel of Patrick Suskind. Perfume is a horrific literary historical cross-genre novel of Jean-Baptiste Grenouille, was published in 1985, originally published in German as Das Perfume). The novel explores the sense of scent, and its relationship with the emotional meaning that scents may carry.
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Jean-Baptiste Grenouille, born in Paris in the year of 1738, is the main a character in Perfume. Born without a personal odor, Grenouille is obsessed with creating a perfect smell for himself, an olfactory mission who impels him to murder virgins for their scent. Süskind's descriptions dwell on the stench of the fish market and pungent Parisian alleys. Jean Baptiste Grenouille suffered Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, emotion, and behavior-disorder thinking, in which ideas are not logically related.
Patrick Suskind’s Perfume was an acclaimed international bestseller and sold out up to 15 million copies. Some comments and criticisms come from The New York Times: "Mesmerizing from first page to last”, the Plain Dealer “A highly sophisticated horror tale", the San Francisco Chronicle: "A supremely accomplished work of art, marvelously crafted and enjoyable and rich in historical detail", People: "An original and astonishing novel", Los Angeles Times: "An ingenious story...about a most exotic monster. Suspense builds up steadily” and The Kansas City Star: "Immensely seductive.
Storytelling at its best" (amazon.com) In 1986 Steven H Silver said that Perfume is a great work that the main character has an important role toward the whole story.
“Perfume is a suspense novel. Although the reader knows that Grenouille is guilty, throughout the book the reader wonders whether and how Grenouille will be brought to justice. The novel is also a horror novel, although not of the slashes variety, nor of the Lovecraft a style. Instead, Perfume is a disturbing novel for the matter of fact way Süskind describes Grenouille's actions and motivations.
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While it is clear that Grenouille is obsessed and insane, he performs within the confines of eighteenth century French society in a perfectly lucid manner. Süskind's book is sui generis. Part horror, part mystery, part historical fiction, it offers insight into the mind of the criminally insane while speculating on the role the sense of smell plays in our lives. Perfume can't be compared to anything written before it because its premise is so different in many ways than what has come before. While Süskind's later books are relatively common (The Pigeon and
Mister Summer's Story ), Perfume quite definitely remains his fictional
masterpiece.” (http://www.sfsite.com/~silverag/perfume.html). In his essay, Steven H Silver is focus on the background and the atmosphere of the novel. He said the power of main character can bring the readers to feel the darkness and the loneliness inside his heart. It is different with this thesis since this thesis is more focus on the mental disorder, in this case, Schizophrenia, that be suffered by the main character.
There is also someone who writes an essay about Perfume beside Steven H Silver. In 1987 Beth Farrell said that Perfume is a thoroughly captivating production.
“Suskind's demented protagonist, Jean-Baptist Grenouille, is a "gifted abomination" whose highly developed sense of smell could easily make him the greatest perfumer of all time. Given the general stench of 18th-century cities, good perfumers were held in high regard. However, Grenouille the misfit, scorned by society throughout his life, hasn't the heart to create pretty perfumes for society's elite. When he finally does earn the adoration of the masses through his twisted genius, he decides that he would much prefer to "exterminate all these stupid, stinking people from the earth." Reader Sean Barrett does not overdramatize the often sensational events here but instead relates them with a measured, detached air that perfectly captures Suskind's cool tone. Also, his reserved narrative style allows listeners to appreciate Suskind's expert use of language (passages from this novel can be found in dictionaries of similes). This extraordinary production is highly recommended for all serious fiction collections?” (http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ ASIN/0671749609/o/qid=935180867/sr=8-1/002-5162967-6331609).
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This essay is focus on the ability of the main character. He has an incredible sense of smell and it can make him a very great perfumer even at the beginning people hates him instead of love him because of this ability.
Resemble to this thesis which is also study on the ability of the main character that unintentionally lead him to be a murderer who kills more than twenty virgin. In this thesis the writer will analyze deeper about the character of Jean-Baptiste Grenouille in Perfume. According to Webster’s Dictionary (1995: 687) novel is an imaginative prose narrative of some length, usually concerned with human experience and social behaviors, and normally cast in the form of a connected story the novel this genre of literature. From novel, we also can learn about sociality, morality, and psychological aspect.
B. Review of Related Theories
Here the writer would like to apply some theories of literature. They are the theory of character and characterization, and theory of schizophrenia.
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
Like us, who exist in this world, there are characters that ‘live’ and ‘act’ in the novel. According to Abrams (1981:20), characters are ”the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work who are interpreted by the readers as being endowed with moral and disposition qualities that are expressed in what they say (the dialogues) and by what they do (the actions)”. This quotation implies that there is a relation between the presentations of a character as well as his personality traits and what the readers get from his presentation.
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI That is why the characters must be credible, or in other words, the reader must accept them as believable people.
According to M.J. Murphy (1972:161-173) there are nine ways in which
an author attempts to make his characters understandable to, and come alive for,
his readers, those are:a. Personal description. The author can describe a character’s physical appearance like the face, body and clothes of the characters.
b. Character as seen by another. The author can describe a character through the
eyes and opinions of another instead of describing a character directly.
c. Speech. The author can give us an insight into the character of one of the
persons in the book through what that person says. Whenever a person speaks, whenever he is in conversation with another, whenever he puts forward an opinion, he is giving us some clues to his character.
d. Past life. The author guides the readers to learn something about the person’s
past life. The author can give us a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character. This can be done by direct comment by the author, through the person’s thoughts, through his conversation or trough the medium of another person.
e. Conversation of others. The authors can also give us clue to a person’s
character through the conversation of other people and the things they say about him.
f. Reactions. The author can give us a clue to a person’s character by letting us
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g. Direct comment. The author can describe or comments on a person’s
character directly.
h. Thoughts. The author can give us direct knowledge of what person is thinking
about.i. Mannerisms. The author can describe a person’s mannerisms, habits or idiosyncrasies, which tell us something about his character.
Character is one of internal aspects in a novel. The term character is used
in two ways: (1) it designated the individual who appear in the story and (2) it
refers to the mixture of interests, desires, emotions, and principle that makes up
each of these individuals (Stanton, 1965:17).It is similar to what Barnet says that the terms character refers to: (1)
figure in literary works, figure here refers to the story performer such as in
Perfume, ; and (2) personality, that is, the mental and
Jean-Baptiste Grenouille
moral qualities of a figure, as one says that A’s character is strong, weak, or
immoral, or whatever (1988:71).2. Theory of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder most often encountered. Most people with schizophrenia experiencing psychosis for only a small part of their lives. (Ginette Aubin, 2009:313-318)
Schizophrenia is marked with the wrong perception and sensing, thoughts and feelings experienced disharmony (split) and frequent hallucinations and delusions. (E.M. Macdonald, 1998:275-286).
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The causes of schizophrenia are not fully known. However, it appears that schizophrenia usually results from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Some specific factors that cause schizophrenia are: (Warrick et al, 1996:1021-1031).
a. Genetic causes of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia has a strong hereditary component. Individuals with a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) who has schizophrenia have a 10 percent chance of developing the disorder, as opposed to the 1 percent chance of the general population.
b. Environmental causes of schizophrenia. Twin and adoption studies suggest that inherited genes make a person vulnerable to schizophrenia and then environmental factors act on this vulnerability to trigger the disorder. As for the environmental factors involved, more and more research is pointing to stress, either during pregnancy or at a later stage of development. High levels of stress are believed to trigger schizophrenia by increasing the body’s production of the hormone cortisol. Research points to several stress-inducing environmental factors that may be involved in schizophrenia, including: Prenatal exposure to a viral infection, low oxygen levels during birth (from prolonged labor or premature birth), exposure to a virus during infancy, early parental loss or separation, physical or sexual abuse in childhood
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c. Abnormal brain structure. In addition to abnormal brain chemistry, abnormalities in brain structure may also play a role in schizophrenia.
Enlarged brain ventricles are seen in some schizophrenics, indicating a deficit in the volume of brain tissue. There is also evidence of abnormally low activity in the frontal lobe, the area of the brain responsible for planning, reasoning, and decision-making.
In some people, schizophrenia appears suddenly and without warning. But for most, it comes on slowly, with subtle warning signs and a gradual decline in functioning long before the first severe episode. Many friends and family members of people with schizophrenia report knowing early on that something was wrong with their loved one, but they just do not know it.
In this early phase, people with schizophrenia often seem eccentric, unmotivated, emotionless, and reclusive. They isolate themselves, start neglecting their appearance, say peculiar things, and show a general indifference to life. They may abandon hobbies and activities, and their performance at work or school deteriorates. (P.W. Robert, www.helpguide.org)
The most common early warning signs of schizophrenia are social withdrawal, hostility or suspiciousness, deterioration of personal hygiene, flat, expressionless gaze, inability to cry or express joy, inappropriate laughter or crying, depression, oversleeping or insomnia, extreme reaction to criticism, strange use of words or way of speaking
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However, the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia vary dramatically from person to person, both in pattern and severity. Not every person with schizophrenia will have all symptoms, and the symptoms of schizophrenia may also change over time. There are also significant symptoms that can be found on a person who suffers Schizophrenia, called delusion and hallucination.
A delusion is a firmly-held idea that a person has despite clear and obvious evidence that it isn’t true. Delusions are extremely common in schizophrenia, occurring in more than 90% of those who have the disorder. Often, these delusions involve illogical or bizarre ideas or fantasies. Common schizophrenic delusions include: a. Delusions of persecution – Belief that others, often a vague “they,” are out to get him or her. These persecutory delusions often involve bizarre ideas and plots (e.g. “Martians are trying to poison me with radioactive particles delivered through my tap water”).
b. Delusions of reference – A neutral environmental event is believed to have a special and personal meaning. For example, a person with schizophrenia might believe a billboard or a person on TV is sending a message meant specifically for them.
c. Delusions of grandeur – Belief that one is a famous or important figure, such as Jesus Christ or Napolean. Alternately, delusions of grandeur may involve the belief that one has unusual powers that no one else has (e.g. the ability to fly).
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d. Delusions of control – Belief that one’s thoughts or actions are being controlled by outside, alien forces. Common delusions of control include thought broadcasting (“My private thoughts are being transmitted to others”), thought insertion (“Someone is planting thoughts in my head”), and thought withdrawal (“The CIA is robbing me of my thoughts”).
Hallucinations are sounds or other sensations experienced as real when they exist only in the person's mind. While hallucinations can involve any of the five senses, auditory hallucinations (e.g. hearing voices or some other sound) are most common in schizophrenia. Visual hallucinations are also relatively common. Research suggests that auditory hallucinations occur when people misinterpret their own inner self-talk as coming from an outside source.
Schizophrenic hallucinations are usually meaningful to the person experiencing them. Many times, the voices are those of someone they know. Most commonly, the voices are critical, vulgar, or abusive. Hallucinations also tend to be worse when the person is alone. Disorganized speech
Fragmented thinking is characteristic of schizophrenia. Externally, it can be observed in the way a person speaks. People with schizophrenia tend to have trouble concentrating and maintaining a train of thought. They may respond to queries with an unrelated answer, start sentences with one topic and end somewhere completely different, speak incoherently, or say illogical things.
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The symptoms of schizophrenia tend to overlap, but in the end the clinical presentation in many patients, tend to be narrowed into a general description such as withdrawal from interpersonal relationships, affective flat, idiosyncrasy mind, and disruption of social and personal function.
(Ginette Aubin, 2009:313-318). Given these symptoms indicate that the patient schizophrenia require the attention and empathy.
Usually most patients with schizophrenia experience a mixture of two kinds of positive and negative symptoms. Patients and their families often do not realize and do not pay attention to negative symptoms that arise because not considered annoying. (Dimitri, 2004:307-316).
When the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are ignored or improperly treated, the effects can be devastating both to the individual with the disorder and those around him or her. Some of the possible effects of schizophrenia are: a. Relationship problems. Relationships suffer because people with schizophrenia often withdraw and isolate themselves. Paranoia can also cause a person with schizophrenia to be suspicious of friends and family.
b. Disruption to normal daily activities. Schizophrenia causes significant disruptions to daily functioning, both because of social difficulties and because everyday tasks become hard, if not impossible to do. A schizophrenic person’s delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts typically prevent him or her from doing normal things like bathing, eating, or running errands.
16 c. Alcohol and drug abuse. People with schizophrenia frequently develop problems with alcohol or drugs, which are often used in an attempt to self- medicate, or relieve symptoms. In addition, they may also be heavy smokers, a complicating situation as cigarette smoke can interfere with the effectiveness of medications prescribed for the disorder.
d. Increased suicide risk. People with schizophrenia have a high risk of attempting suicide. Any suicidal talk, threats, or gestures should be taken very seriously. People with schizophrenia are especially likely to commit suicide during psychotic episodes, during periods of depression, and in the first six months after they’ve started treatment. (P.W. Robert, www.helpguide.org)
Refer to Rene Wellek (1967:90) psychological literature has four possibilities of understanding: first is the study of the psychology of the author as a person, second is the process of creative study; third is the study of type and application of psychological conditions which are applied in literary work, fourth is the study of the effect of literature on the reader. Thus, there are some theories of psychological applied in the literary works. If the author succeeds in creating his characters and his characters are suitable with the truth of psychology, it is necessary to ask him if the characters created also have artistic value.
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3. The Relation Between Literature and Psychology
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In certain cases, knowledge of psychology is important to add artistic values because the knowledge supports the coherency and complexity of the work itself. For some artists, a knowledge of psychology helps their sense about reality, improve their ability in observation, and gives chance to explore new plans which have not been explored before.
The literary approach which used in analyzing the literary work according to Guerin (1979:19-286) divided to some approaches, which one of them is psychological approach.
Psychological interpretation can afford many profound clues toward solving a work’s thematic and symbolic mysteries, but it can seldom account for the symmetry of a well wrought poem or a fictional masterpiece. The psychological approach concerns with the motives that underlying human behavior. It is close to biological science.
C. Theoretical Framework
In this chapter, the writer wants to discuss the problems that are already formulated in the problem formulation in the previous chapter.
Therefore, the writer needs some theories to help her in answering the problems.
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Theory of character is used to know how the character is described by the author. In the Perfume, the writer will find out the depiction of Jean- Baptiste Grenouille as the major character in the writer’s discussion. Here, the theory of characterization is also needed to reveal what kinds of character are presented in the novel.
To get deeper understanding to the personality of the characters discussed, the writer applies schizophrenia’s theory The writer wants to show how the character of Jean-Baptiste Grenouille represents Schizophrenia. In this thesis, it is related with the personalities of
Jean-Baptiste Grenouille. The writer needs theory of schizophrenia to answer the second problem formulation. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY A. Object of the Study The novel that the writer analyzes in this thesis is Patrick Süskind’s Perfume , a psychological behavior novel, reflects upon the will to overcome
an unspeakable tragedy. Süskind lives reclusively in Munich, Paris, and Montolieu, France. He has refused awards for his writing, and he is known to never grant interviews.
The book quickly attracted favorable attention, but no one could have predicted the success in the store for it, moreover the six publishers had had originally rejected it.
B. Approach of the Study
The theory that is used for the analysis would be the psychological approach. For this part of analysis, the approach focuses more to the “secondary part of the work of art – the history that appears as the background of the work of art, the biography of the author, or only about the moral behind the story, rather than the art itself – a novel, poem, or drama” (Guerin, 1992:16). Psychological approach tends to neglect the textual conception of a work of art, and this approach contradicts with formalism approach, which focuses more to the text itself (Guerin, 1992:16).
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To evaluate the novel, the writer took the psychological approach. The writer used the psychological approach since the thesis dealt with the character personality needs. According to Rohrberger and woods, Jr. in their book, reading and writing about literature, psychological approach involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns. It draws on a different body of knowledge that is psychology (1971:13).
Psychological approach is applied when the attention is focused on psychological interpretation for enhancing the understanding and appreciation of literature. It analyzes the psychological side of the character’s personality to find the characteristic of the main character. This approach helps the writer to explain personality side of the characters needs in the novel.
C. Method of the Study
To compose the thesis, the writer applied some necessary research procedures, which were divided into some steps. The first step was reading the novel itself, Perfume, which was created by Patrick Süskind as the primary source. By reading and re-reading the novel, the writer came into formulated problems into questions. The second step was collecting in the data resources from the library. In this way, the writer collected the books that could support the analysis.
The writer gathered some books about character, characterization, and mental disorder. In this way, the writer could find some criticism about the novel and also further information about how the novel was created.
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The third step was answering the questions in problem formulation by applying the psychological approach, mainly about intrinsic elements in general. The writer analyzed how the main characters behavior was affect much with his past experiences which is his family background.
The last step was making a conclusion from the analysis. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS In this chapter will be analyzed and discussed the character and mental
disorder of Jean-Baptiste Grenouille and the ways he deals with issues of his life as told in novels written by Patrick Süskind Perfume. In this case, it would identify the problems of characteristics of Jean-Baptiste Grenouille and the relation of his characteristics with the Schizophrenia. After that, the cause and the symptoms of Schizophrenia will be used to analyze how the Schizophrenia can be reflected on the characteristics of Jean-Baptiste Grenouille.
A. The Characteristic of Main Character
During the life of Jean-Baptiste Grenouille, he is experiencing psychological problems as very severe. He was worried because many people afraid of him and also consider him as a child who is quite dangerous for other children. From the baby until adult, there are no people who want to be his friend.
Jean-Baptiste Grenouille realizes if the outside world does not want his presence. People around him are do cruel thing because and hate him so much since his uniqueness. Many bad things and happened in his life and this things are create him has unique character and these character is resemble to the character that people with Schizophrenia has.
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Anti Social
When human has some differences with others, it can make them feel alienated. This is also happened to Jean-Baptiste Grenouille. Because of his lack of body odor and the ability in his sense of smell, people around him are rejecting him as a normal human.
Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is realizing that the society will reject and hate him because of his unique ability and his lack of body odor. Jean-Baptiste Grenouille pull himself from the social life because he assumes that if he pull him self, he will not get hurt by others. It can be seen from the quotation below.